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Geraldine Dawson, Sven Sandin, Frederico Duque, Peter Holmans, Marion Leboyer, Aarno Palotie, Fritz Poustka, Richard Delorme, Stephen Sanders, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Bridget A. Fernandez, A. Jeremy Willsey, Christine M. Freitag, Christa Lese Martin, Elena Maestrini, Elena Bacchelli, Guiomar Oliveira, Jeremy R. Parr, Guy A. Rouleau, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Joseph Piven, Latha Soorya, Lauren A. Weiss, Jonathan Green, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Louise Gallagher, Regina Regan, Stephan Ripke, Thomas Werge, Pat Levitt, Aravinda Chakravarti, Joana Almeida, Kathryn Roeder, Catalina Betancur, Bernie Devlin, Benjamin M. Neale, Gillian Baird, Jakob Grove, Thomas Bourgeron, David H. Ledbetter, Eftichia Duketis, Karola Rehnström, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Jillian P. Casey, Preben Bo Mortensen, Patrick Bolton, Igor Martsenkovsky, Elise Robinson, Hakon Hakonarson, Vanessa H. Bal, Stacy Steinberg, Christopher Gillberg, Kathryn Tsang, Jacob A. S. Vorstman, Verneri Anttila, Suma Jacob, Judith Conroy, J. Haines, William M. McMahon, Edwin H. Cook, Ann P. Thompson, Inês C. Conceição, Mark J. Daly, Arthur P. Goldberg, Sarah E. Medland, Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic, David M. Hougaard, Shrikant Mane, Christina M. Hultman, Susana Mouga, Hreinn Stefansson, Ellen M. Wijsman, Andreas G. Chiocchetti, Ole Mors, Phil Lee, Richard Anney, Astrid M. Vicente, Veronica J. Vieland, K. Stefansson, Stephen W. Scherer, Teimuraz Silagadze, Pall Magnusson, Donna M. Martin, Merete Nordentoft, Peter Szatmari, Patrícia B. S. Celestino-Soper, Ann S Le-Couteur, Cátia Café, Arthur L. Beaudet, Kerstin Wittemeyer, Anders D. Børglum, Joel S. Bader, Christopher S. Poultney, Hailiang Huang, Alexander Kolevzon, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Joachim Hallmayer, Rita M. Cantor, Eric Fombonne, Andrew Green, Dan E. Arking, M. Daniele Fallin, Matthew W. State, Christine Ladd-Acosta, Silvia Derubeis, Raphael Bernier, Regina Waltes, David G. Amaral, Manuel Mattheisen, Abraham Reichenberg, Lambertus Klei, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Maretha V. Dejonge, Susan G. McGrew, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Hilary Coon, Jennifer Reichert, Michael Gill, Herman Vanengeland, Christine Søholm Hansen, Anthony P. Monaco, Nadia Bolshakova, John I. Nurnberger, Nancy J. Minshew, Michael T. Murtha, Thomas H. Wassink, Evald Saemundsen, Simon Wallace, Sean Brennan, Sean Ennis, A. Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek, Sven Bölte, Oscar Svantesson, Susan L. Santangelo, Andrew D. Paterson, Robert L. Hendren, Timothy W. Yu, Dalila Pinto, D.E. Grice, Alison Merikangas, Stephen J. Guter, Anthony J. Bailey, Bernadette Rogé, Christopher A. Walsh, Susan E. Folstein, Wendy Roberts, Sabine M. Klauck, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Tiago R. Magalhaes, John R. Gilbert, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, James S. Sutcliffe, Evdokia Anagnostou, Catarina Correia, Eric M. Morrow, Daniel H. Geschwind, Jennifer K. Lowe, Agatino Battaglia, Bozenna Iliadou, Michael L. Cuccaro, Catherine Lord, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics [Cardiff, UK], Cardiff University, The Autism Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium was supported by National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH, USA) grant MH109539, MH094432 and MH094421 to M.J.D. The ACE Network was supported by MH081754 and MH100027 to D.H.G. The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) is a program of Autism Speaks (USA) and was supported by grant MH081810. The Autism Genome Project (AGP) was supported by grants from Autism Speaks, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Genome Canada, the Health Research Board (Ireland, AUT/ 2006/1, AUT/2006/2, PD/2006/48), the Hilibrand Foundation (USA), the Medical Research Council (UK), the National Institutes of Health (USA, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Mental Health), the Ontario Genomics Institute, and the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre. The Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) was supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (SFARI 124827 to the investigators of the Simons Simplex Collection Genetic Consortium), approved researchers can obtain the SSC population dataset described in this study (http://sfari.org/resources/sfari-base) by applying at https://base.sfari.org. The Gene Discovery Project of Johns Hopkins was funded by MH060007, MH081754, and the Simons Foundation. The MonBos Collection study was funded in part through a grant from the Autism Consortium of Boston. Support for the Extreme Discordant Sib-Pair (EDSP) family sample (part of the MonBos collection) was provided by the NLM Family foundation. Support for the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)–Finnish collaborative sample was provided by NARSAD. The PAGES collection was funded by NIMH grant MH097849. The collection of data and biomaterials that participated in the NIMH Autism Genetics Initiative has been supported by National Institute of Health grants MH52708, MH39437, MH00219, and MH00980, National Health Medical Research Council grant 0034328, and by grants from the Scottish Rite, the Spunk Fund, Inc., the Rebecca and Solomon Baker Fund, the APEX Foundation, the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders (NARSAD), the endowment fund of the Nancy Pritzker Laboratory (Stanford), and by gifts from the Autism Society of America, the Janet M. Grace Pervasive Developmental Disorders Fund, and families and friends of individuals with autism. The iPSYCH project is funded by The Lundbeck Foundation and the universities and university hospitals of Aarhus and Copenhagen. In addition, the genotyping of iPSYCH samples was supported by grants from the Stanley Foundation, the Simons Foundation (SFARI 311789 to MJD), and NIMH (5U01MH094432-02 to MJD). The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) grants U10DD000180, U10DD000181, U10DD000182, U10DD000183, U10DD000184, and U10DD000498. Statistical analyses were carried out on the Genetic Cluster Computer (http://www.geneticcluster.org) hosted by SURFsara and financially supported by the Netherlands Scientific Organization (NWO 480-05-003), along with a supplement from the Dutch Brain Foundation and the VU University Amsterdam. Additional statistical analyses were performed and supported by the Trinity Centre for High Performance Computing (http://www.tchpc.tcd.ie/) funded through Science Foundation Ireland. Computational support for the PAGES collection was provided in part through the computational resources and staff expertise of the Department of Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (https://hpc.mssm.edu). Data QC and statistical analyses of the iPSYCH samples were performed at the high-performance computing cluster GenomeDK (http://genome.au.dk) at the Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University. iSEQ provided computed time, data storage, and technical support for the study., Richard JL Anney, Email: anneyr@cardiff.ac.uk, Affiliation/s: MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D8, Ireland. Stephan Ripke, Email: ripke@atgu.mgh.harvard.edu, Affiliation/s: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetic, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin 10117, Germany. Verneri Anttila, Affiliation/s: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetic, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Jakob Grove, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark, Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark, Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Peter Holmans, Affiliation/s: MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK. Hailiang Huang, Affiliation/s: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetic, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Lambertus Klei, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Phil H Lee, Affiliation/s: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Sarah E Medland, Affiliation/s: Queensland Institute of Medical Research Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. Benjamin Neale, Affiliation/s: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetic, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Elise Robinson, Affiliation/s: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetic, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Lauren A Weiss, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA, Inst Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Affiliation/s: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada. Timothy W Yu, Affiliation/s: Division of Genetics, Children ’ s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Kerstin Wittemeyer, Affiliation/s: School of Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. A.Jeremy Willsey, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Ellen M Wijsman, Affiliation/s: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Thomas Werge, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark. Thomas H Wassink, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Regina Waltes, Affiliation/s: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany. Christopher A Walsh, Affiliation/s: Division of Genetics, Children ’ s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Program in Genetics and Genomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Simon Wallace, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK. Jacob AS Vorstman, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands. Veronica J Vieland, Affiliation/s: Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children ’ s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. Astrid M Vicente, Affiliation/s: Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, 1600, Portugal, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, Lisboa, 1649, Portugal. Herman vanEngeland, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands. Kathryn Tsang, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA, Inst Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Ann P Thompson, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. Peter Szatmari, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. Oscar Svantesson, Affiliation/s: Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 77, Sweden. Stacy Steinberg, Affiliation/s: deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland. Kari Stefansson, Affiliation/s: deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland. Hreinn Stefansson, Affiliation/s: deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland. Matthew W State, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Latha Soorya, Affiliation/s: Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Teimuraz Silagadze, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry and Drug Addiction, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia. Stephen W Scherer, Affiliation/s: The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L4, Canada, McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. Gerard D Schellenberg, Affiliation/s: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. Sven Sandin, Affiliation/s: Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 77, Sweden. Stephan J Sanders, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Evald Saemundsen, Affiliation/s: State Diagnostic and Counseling Centre, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland. Guy A Rouleau, Affiliation/s: Montreal Neurological Institute, Dept of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada. Bernadette Rogé, Affiliation/s: Centre d ’ Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31058, France. Kathryn Roeder, Affiliation/s: Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Wendy Roberts, Affiliation/s: Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L4, Canada. Jennifer Reichert, Affiliation/s: Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Abraham Reichenberg, Affiliation/s: Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Karola Rehnström, Affiliation/s: Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK. Regina Regan, Affiliation/s: National Childrens Research Centre, Our Lady ’ s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, D12, Ireland, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland. Fritz Poustka, Affiliation/s: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany. Christopher S Poultney, Affiliation/s: Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Joseph Piven, Affiliation/s: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Dalila Pinto, Affiliation/s: Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Margaret A Pericak-Vance, Affiliation/s: The John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA. Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic, Affiliation/s: Institute of Mental Health and Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia. Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Andrew D Paterson, Affiliation/s: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L4, Canada, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada. Jeremy R Parr, Affiliation/s: Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK, Institue of Health and Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK. Alistair T Pagnamenta, Affiliation/s: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, OxfordUniversity,Oxford,OX37BN,UK. Guiomar Oliveira, Affiliation/s: Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, 3041-80, Portugal, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3041-80, Portugal. John I Nurnberger, Affiliation/s: Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA, Program in Medical Neuroscience, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Merete Nordentoft, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Michael T Murtha, Affiliation/s: Programs on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Susana Mouga, Affiliation/s: Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, 3041-80, Portugal, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3041-80, Portugal. Preben Bo Mortensen, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Na- tional Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Ole Mors, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark. Eric M Morrow, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry and Hu- man Behaviour, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Anthony P Monaco, Affiliation/s: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155?, USA. Nancy Minshew, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Alison Merikangas, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D8, Ireland. William M McMahon, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. Susan G McGrew, Affiliation/s: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Manuel Mattheisen, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark. Igor Martsenkovsky, Affiliation/s: Department of Child, Adolescent Psychiatry and Medical-Social Rehabilitation, Ukrainian Research Institute of Social Fo- rensic Psychiatry and Drug Abuse, Kyiv, 04080, Ukraine. Donna M Martin, Affiliation/s: Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Shrikant M Mane, Affiliation/s: Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA. Pall Magnusson, Affiliation/s: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, IS-101, Iceland. Tiago Magalhaes, Affiliation/s: National Childrens Research Centre, Our Lady ’ s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, D12, Ireland, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland. Elena Maestrini, Affiliation/s: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy. Jennifer K Lowe, Affiliation/s: Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Catherine Lord, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Pat Levitt, Affiliation/s: Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. Christa LeseMartin, Affiliation/s: Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17837, USA. David H Ledbetter, Affiliation/s: Chief Scientific Officer, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17837, USA. Marion Leboyer, Affiliation/s: FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, 94000, France, INSERM U955, Paris, 94010, France, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, 94000, France, Department of Psychiatry, Henri Mondor-Albert Chene- vier Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, 94000, France, Ann S LeCouteur, Affiliation/s: Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK, Institue of Health and Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK. Christine Ladd-Acosta, Affiliation/s: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hop- kins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Alexander Kolevzon, Affiliation/s: Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Sabine M Klauck, Affiliation/s: Division of Molecular Genome Analysis and Working Group Cancer Genome Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany. Suma Jacob, Affiliation/s: Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. Bozenna Iliadou, Affiliation/s: Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 77, Sweden. Christina M Hultman, Affiliation/s: Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 77, Sweden. David M Hougaard, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DK-2300, Denmark. Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Affiliation/s: Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA, The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA. Robert Hendren, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Christine Søholm Hansen, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DK-2300, Denmark. Jonathan L Haines, Affiliation/s: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Stephen J Guter, Affiliation/s: Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Dorothy E Grice, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Jonathan M Green, Affiliation/s: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. Andrew Green, Affiliation/s: Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland, Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady ’ s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, D12, Ireland. Arthur P Goldberg, Affiliation/s: Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Christopher Gillberg, Affiliation/s: Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden. John Gilbert, Affiliation/s: The John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA. Louise Gallagher, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D8, Ireland. Christine M Freitag, Affiliation/s: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany. Eric Fombonne, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Development and Disability, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Susan E Folstein, Affiliation/s: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Bridget Fernandez, Affiliation/s: Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John ’ s, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada. M.Daniele Fallin, Affiliation/s: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. A.Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek, Affiliation/s: Programs on Neurogenetics, Yale Uni- versity School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Sean Ennis, Affiliation/s: Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland, Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady ’ s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, D12, Ireland. Frederico Duque, Affiliation/s: Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, 3041-80, Portugal, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3041-80, Portugal. Eftichia Duketis, Affiliation/s: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany. Richard Delorme, Affiliation/s: FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, 94000, France, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2182 Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724, France, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75019, France, Silvia DeRubeis, Affiliation/s: Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Maretha V DeJonge, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands. Geraldine Dawson, Affiliation/s: Duke Center for Autism and Brain Developments, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Michael L Cuccaro, Affiliation/s: The John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA. Catarina T Correia, Affiliation/s: Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, 1600, Portugal, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, Lisboa, 1649, Portugal. Judith Conroy, Affiliation/s: Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland, Temple Street Children ’ s University Hospital, Dublin, D1, Ireland. Ines C Conceição, Affiliation/s: Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, 1600, Portugal, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, Lisboa, 1649, Portugal. Andreas G Chiocchetti, Affiliation/s: Depar tment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goe the University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany. Patrícia BS Celestino-Soper, Affiliation/s: Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indian- apolis, IN 46202, USA. Jillian Casey, Affiliation/s: Temple Street Children ’ s University Hospital, Dublin, D1, Ireland, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland. Rita M Cantor, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Cátia Café, Affiliation/s: Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, 3041-80, Portugal. Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DK-2300, Denmark. Sean Brennan, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D8, Ireland. Thomas Bourgeron, Affiliation/s: FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, 94000, France, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75013, France, Patrick F Bolton, Affiliation/s: Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK, South London and Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, London, SE5 8AF, UK. Sven Bölte, Affiliation/s: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany, Department of Women ’ s and Children ’ s Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE- 113 30, Sweden, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatry Re- search, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden. Nadia Bolshakova, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D8, Ireland. Catalina Betancur, Affiliation/s: INSERM U1130, Paris, 75005, France, CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, 75005, France, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, 75005, France. Raphael Bernier, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Arthur L Beaudet, Affiliation/s: Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Agatino Battaglia, Affiliation/s: Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatr, Pisa, 56018, Italy. Vanessa H Bal, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Gillian Baird, Affiliation/s: Paediatric Neurodisability, King ’ s Health Partners, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK. Anthony J Bailey, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Mental Health and Addictions Research Unit, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DK-2300, Denmark. Joel S Bader, Affiliation/s: McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Elena Bacchelli, Affiliation/s: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy. Evdokia Anagnostou, Affiliation/s: Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada. David Amaral, Affiliation/s: The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA, Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA. Joana Almeida, Affiliation/s: Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clinica, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, 3041-80, Portugal. Anders D Børglum, Affiliation/s: iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark. Joseph D Buxbaum, Affiliation/s: Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA Aravinda Chakravarti, Affiliation/s: McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Edwin H Cook, Affiliation/s: Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Hilary Coon, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. Daniel H Geschwind, Affiliation/s: Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Michael Gill, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D8, Ireland. Hakon Hakonarson, Affiliation/s: The Center for Applied Genomics and Division of Human Genetics, Children ’ s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Joachim Hallmayer, Affiliation/s: Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Aarno Palotie, Affiliation/s: Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK., Anney, Richard J. L., Ripke, Stephan, Anttila, Verneri, Grove, Jakob, Holmans, Peter, Huang, Hailiang, Klei, Lambertu, Lee, Phil H., Medland, Sarah E., Neale, Benjamin, Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie, Yu, Timothy W., Wittemeyer, Kerstin, Willsey, A. Jeremy, Wijsman, Ellen M., Werge, Thoma, Wassink, Thomas H., Waltes, Regina, Walsh, Christopher A., Wallace, Simon, Vorstman, Jacob A. S., Vieland, Veronica J., Vicente, Astrid M., Vanengeland, Herman, Tsang, Kathryn, Thompson, Ann P., Szatmari, Peter, Svantesson, Oscar, Steinberg, Stacy, Stefansson, Kari, Stefansson, Hreinn, State, Matthew W., Soorya, Latha, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Scherer, Stephen W., Schellenberg, Gerard D., Sandin, Sven, Sanders, Stephan J., Saemundsen, Evald, Rouleau, Guy A., Rogã©, Bernadette, Roeder, Kathryn, Roberts, Wendy, Reichert, Jennifer, Reichenberg, Abraham, Rehnstrã¶m, Karola, Regan, Regina, Poustka, Fritz, Poultney, Christopher S., Piven, Joseph, Pinto, Dalila, Pericak-Vance, Margaret A., Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Paterson, Andrew D., Parr, Jeremy R., Pagnamenta, Alistair T., Oliveira, Guiomar, Nurnberger, John I., Nordentoft, Merete, Murtha, Michael T., Mouga, Susana, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Mors, Ole, Morrow, Eric M., Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Monaco, Anthony P., Minshew, Nancy, Merikangas, Alison, Mcmahon, William M., Mcgrew, Susan G., Mattheisen, Manuel, Martsenkovsky, Igor, Martin, Donna M., Mane, Shrikant M., Magnusson, Pall, Magalhaes, Tiago, Maestrini, Elena, Lowe, Jennifer K., Lord, Catherine, Levitt, Pat, Martin, Christa Lese, Ledbetter, David H., Leboyer, Marion, Lecouteur, Ann S., Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Kolevzon, Alexander, Klauck, Sabine M., Jacob, Suma, Iliadou, Bozenna, Hultman, Christina M., Hougaard, David M., Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Hendren, Robert, Hansen, Christine Søholm, Haines, Jonathan L., Guter, Stephen J., Grice, Dorothy E., Green, Jonathan M., Green, Andrew, Goldberg, Arthur P., Gillberg, Christopher, Gilbert, John, Gallagher, Louise, Freitag, Christine M., Fombonne, Eric, Folstein, Susan E., Fernandez, Bridget, Fallin, M. Daniele, Ercan-Sencicek, A. Gulhan, Ennis, Sean, Duque, Frederico, Duketis, Eftichia, Delorme, Richard, Derubeis, Silvia, Dejonge, Maretha V., Dawson, Geraldine, Cuccaro, Michael L., Correia, Catarina T., Conroy, Judith, Conceiã§ã£o, Ines C., Chiocchetti, Andreas G., Celestino-Soper, Patrícia B. S., Casey, Jillian, Cantor, Rita M., Cafã©, Cã¡tia, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jona, Brennan, Sean, Bourgeron, Thoma, Bolton, Patrick F., Bã¶lte, Sven, Bolshakova, Nadia, Betancur, Catalina, Bernier, Raphael, Beaudet, Arthur L., Battaglia, Agatino, Bal, Vanessa H., Baird, Gillian, Bailey, Anthony J., Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Bader, Joel S., Bacchelli, Elena, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Amaral, David, Almeida, Joana, Bã¸rglum, Anders D., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Cook, Edwin H., Coon, Hilary, Geschwind, Daniel H., Gill, Michael, Hallmayer, Joachim, Palotie, Aarno, Santangelo, Susan, Sutcliffe, James S., Arking, Dan E., Devlin, Bernie, Daly, Mark J., Hakonarson, Hakon, Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Génétique de l'autisme = Genetics of Autism (NPS-01), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Ellen Roets, Kim Beernaert, Kenneth Chambaere, Luc Deliens, Kim van Berkel, Luc De Catte, Sophie Vanhaesebrouck, Kristien Roelens, Laure Dombrecht, End-of-life Care Research Group, Family Medicine and Chronic Care, Centre for Medical Genetics, Clinical sciences, Brussels Heritage Lab, Mother and Child, and Medical Genetics

Ryckx, Sofie, De Schepper, Jean, Giron, Philippe, Maes, Ken, Vaeyens, Freya, Wilgenhof, Kaat, Lefesvre, Pierre, Caroline, Ernst, Vanderlinden, Kim, Klink, Daniel, Hes, Frederik, Vanbesien, Jesse, Gies, Inge, Staels, Willem, Brussels Heritage Lab, Pediatrics, Mental Health and Wellbeing research group, Clinical sciences, Biology of the Testis, Centre for Medical Genetics, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics, Hematology, Pathology, Supporting clinical sciences, Experimental Pathology, Radiology, Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, Growth and Development, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, and Beta Cell Neogenesis

Carolien Eggermont, Gustavo J. Gutierrez, Jacques De Grève, Philippe Giron, Laboratory for Medical and Molecular Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinical sciences, Department of General Biology, Biology, Centre for Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics, and Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences

Zandra C. Deans, Anil Biricik, Martine De Rycke, Gary L. Harton, Miroslav Hornak, Farrah Khawaja, Céline Moutou, Jan Traeger‐Synodinos, Pamela Renwick, Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels Heritage Lab, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

DDD study, Gannon, Tamsin, Perveen, Rahat, Schlecht, Hélene, Ramsden, Simon, Anderson, Beverley, Kerr, Bronwyn, Day, Ruth, Banka, Siddharth, Suri, Mohnish, Berland, Siren, Gabbett, Michael, Ma, Alan, Lyonnet, Stan, Cormier-Daire, Valerie, Yilmaz, Rüstem, Borck, Guntram, Wieczorek, Dagmar, Anderlid, Britt-Marie, Smithson, Sarah, Vogt, Julie, Moore-Barton, Heather, Simsek-Kiper, Pelin Ozlem, Maystadt, Isabelle, Destrée, Anne, Bucher, Jessica, Angle, Brad, Mohammed, Shehla, Wakeling, Emma, Price, Sue, Singer, Amihood, Sznajer, Yves, Toutain, Annick, Haye, Damien, Newbury-Ecob, Ruth, Fradin, Melanie, McGaughran, Julie, Tuysuz, Beyhan, Tein, Mark, Bouman, Katelijne, Dabir, Tabib, Van den Ende, Jenneke, Luk, Ho Ming, Pilz, Daniela T, Eason, Jacqueline, Davies, Sally, Reardon, Willie, Garavelli, Livia, Zuffardi, Orsetta, Devriendt, Koen, Armstrong, Ruth, Johnson, Diana, Doco-Fenzy, Martine, Bijlsma, Emilia, Unger, Sheila, Veenstra-Knol, Hermine E, Kohlhase, Jürgen, Lo, Ivan FM, Smith, Janine, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Haukeland University Hospital, Royal Brsibane and Womens' Hospital, The University of Queensland, Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Service de génétique médicale, AP-HP Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades [Paris], Institute of Human Genetics, Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik [Essen], Universitätsklinikum Essen, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], University Hospitals Bristol, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Children's hospital of Chicago, Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital [London], North West london hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, Barzilai Medical Center, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Service de génétique [Tours], Hôpital Bretonneau - CHRU Tours, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de génétique clinique [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes] - Hôpital Sud, Pediatrics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, University of Groningen [Groningen], Belfast City Hospital, Centre For Medical Genetics, Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Institute of Medical Genetics, Heath Park, Cardiff, National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin OLCHC, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione 'Istituto Neurologico Nazionale C. Mondino', Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, University of Pavia, UZ Leuven - campus Gasthuisberg, East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Service de Génétique, CHU Reims - Hôpital Maison Blanche - IFR 53, Leiden University Medical Center, Service de Génétique humaine, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, University of Bergen (UiB), Westmead Hospital [Sydney], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Institute of Human Genetics - Institut für Humangenetik [Essen], Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen)-Universitat Duisberg-Essen, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-hôpital Sud, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims)-Hôpital Maison Blanche-IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), UCL - SSS/IREC - Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, UCL - (SLuc) Centre de génétique médicale UCL, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-hôpital Sud, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), DDD study, and Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)

C. Charrin, Anne Hagemeijer, Carole Barin, M J Mozzicconacci, Barbara Cauwelier, Christine Lefebvre, Bruno Verhasselt, Isabelle Luquet, M.J. Gregoire, Philippe Jonveaux, Hélène Cavé, Barbara De Moerloose, Christine Terré, Kim De Keersmaecker, Anne De Paepe, G Plessis, F Sigaux, Nicole Dastugue, Bruce Poppe, Michel Lessard, B Laurence, Laurent Mauvieux, Hélène Antoine-Poirel, Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff, Francine Mugneret, Emmanuelle Clappier, J van den Akker, J Soulier, C Graux, Yves Benoit, Jan Cools, Carine Gervais, Franki Speleman, Pascale Cornillet-Lefebvre, Marie-Pierre Pages, C Chalas, Dominique Leroux, N. Van Roy, Christine Perot, Pierre Heimann, Roland Berger, Center for Medical Genetics [Ghent], Ghent University Hospital, Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Strasbourg, CHU Bretonneau, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire Central d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de Génétique [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Hôpital Maison Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Hôpital Robert Debré-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Service de Génétique [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Bases moléculaires de la progression tumorale -Groupe de Recherche sur les Lymphomes, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR73, Centre for Medical genetics, Hôpital UCL-St Luc, Gvh et Gvl : Physiopathologie Chez l'Homme et Chez l'Animal, Incidence et Role Therapeutique, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre for Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Human Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre for Human Genetics, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service Hématologie - IUCT-Oncopole [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle IUCT [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre for Medical Genetics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de Cytopathologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Laboratoire de Génétique, CHU Nancy, Institut Paoli Calmettes, CHU Versailles, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (CHV), CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré - CHU Reims, Service de génétique, CHU Caen - Hôpital Clémenceau, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - IFR73, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UP7) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Hospital Erasme, Hôpital Necker - Enfants malades, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Hôpital Purpan, and Duley, Samuel

Elizabeth E. Palmer, Michael Pusch, Alessandra Picollo, Caitlin Forwood, Matthew H. Nguyen, Vanessa Suckow, Jessica Gibbons, Alva Hoff, Lisa Sigfrid, Andre Megarbane, Mathilde Nizon, Benjamin Cogné, Claire Beneteau, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, Aziza Chedrawi, Mais O. Hashem, Hannah Stamberger, Sarah Weckhuysen, Arnaud Vanlander, Berten Ceulemans, Sulekha Rajagopalan, Kenneth Nunn, Stéphanie Arpin, Martine Raynaud, Constance S. Motter, Catherine Ward-Melver, Katrien Janssens, Marije Meuwissen, Diane Beysen, Nicola Dikow, Mona Grimmel, Tobias B. Haack, Emma Clement, Amy McTague, David Hunt, Sharron Townshend, Michelle Ward, Linda J. Richards, Cas Simons, Gregory Costain, Lucie Dupuis, Roberto Mendoza-Londono, Tracy Dudding-Byth, Jackie Boyle, Carol Saunders, Emily Fleming, Salima El Chehadeh, Marie-Aude Spitz, Amelie Piton, Bénédicte Gerard, Marie-Thérèse Abi Warde, Gillian Rea, Caoimhe McKenna, Sofia Douzgou, Siddharth Banka, Cigdem Akman, Jennifer M. Bain, Tristan T. Sands, Golder N. Wilson, Erin J. Silvertooth, Lauren Miller, Damien Lederer, Rani Sachdev, Rebecca Macintosh, Olivier Monestier, Deniz Karadurmus, Felicity Collins, Melissa Carter, Luis Rohena, Marjolein H. Willemsen, Charlotte W. Ockeloen, Rolph Pfundt, Sanne D. Kroft, Michael Field, Francisco E. R. Laranjeira, Ana M. Fortuna, Ana R. Soares, Vincent Michaud, Sophie Naudion, Sailaja Golla, David D. Weaver, Lynne M. Bird, Jennifer Friedman, Virginia Clowes, Shelagh Joss, Laura Pölsler, Philippe M. Campeau, Maria Blazo, Emilia K. Bijlsma, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Christian Beetz, Zöe Powis, Kirsty McWalter, Tracy Brandt, Erin Torti, Mikaël Mathot, Shekeeb S. Mohammad, Ruth Armstrong, Vera M. Kalscheuer, UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - (MGD) Service de pédiatrie, Growth and Development, Pediatrics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels Heritage Lab, and Medical Genetics

Laura D T Vo Ngoc, Randy Osei, Katrin Dohr, Catharina Olsen, Sara Seneca, Alexander Gheldof, Clinical sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels Heritage Lab, Medical Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

Robin Grolaux, Alexis Hardy, Catharina Olsen, Sonia Van Dooren, Guillaume Smits, Matthieu Defrance, Clinical sciences, Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels Heritage Lab, Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Medical Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

Lluis Quintana-Murci, Christine Harmant, Doron M. Behar, Wolfgang Haak, Mannis van Oven, Begoña Martínez-Cruz, David Comas, Bernard Oyharçabal, Jasone Salaberria, Frédéric Bauduer, Jeremy Manry, Institut Pasteur, National Geographic Society, Conseil régional d'Aquitaine, Conseil Général des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Conseil des Elus du Pays-Basque, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Netherlands Forensic Institute, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rambam Health Care Campus [Haifa, Israel], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University of Adelaide, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Centre de recherche sur la langue et les textes basques (IKER), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies Rares - Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Hôpital Pellegrin-Service de Génétique Médicale du CHU de Bordeaux, This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur, National Geographic, and the Histoire des populations et variation linguistique dans les Pyrénées de l'Ouest project, which received funding from the Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine, the Conseil Général des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, the Conseil des Elus du Pays-Basque, and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique interdisciplinary program Origine de l'Homme, des Langues et du Langage. This study also benefited from the support of Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, in Bayonne, and Association Sang 64., and Genographic Consortium Members: Syama Adhikarla (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India), Christina J. Adler (University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia), Elena Balanovska (Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia), Oleg Balanovsky (Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia), Jaume Bertranpetit (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain), Andrew C. Clarke (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand), Alan Cooper (University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia), Clio S. I. Der Sarkissian (University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia), Matthew C. Dulik (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), Jill B. Gaieski (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), ArunKumar GaneshPrasad (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India), Angela Hobbs (National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa), Asif Javed (IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States), Li Jin (Fudan University, Shanghai, China), Matthew E. Kaplan (University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States), Shilin Li (Fudan University, Shanghai, China), Elizabeth A. Matisoo-Smith (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand), Marta Melé (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain), Nirav C. Merchant (University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States), R. John Mitchell (La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia), Amanda C. Owings (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), Laxmi Parida (IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States), Ramasamy Pitchappan (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India), Daniel E. Platt (IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States), Colin Renfrew (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom), Daniela R. Lacerda (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil), Ajay K. Royyuru (IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States), Fabrício R. Santos (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil), Theodore G. Schurr (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), Himla Soodyall (National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa), David F. Soria Hernanz (National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, United States), Pandikumar Swamikrishnan (IBM, Somers, New York, United States), Chris Tyler-Smith (The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom), Arun Varatharajan Santhakumari (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India), Pedro Paulo Vieira (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Miguel G. Vilar (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), R. Spencer Wells (National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, United States), Janet S. Ziegle (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, United States)

Annelore Van Der Kelen, Özlem Okutman, Elodie Javey, Münevver Serdarogullari, Charlotte Janssens, Manjusha S Ghosh, Bart J H Dequeker, Florence Perold, Claire Kastner, Emmanuelle Kieffer, Ingrid Segers, Alexander Gheldof, Frederik J Hes, Karen Sermon, Willem Verpoest, Stéphane Viville, Clinical sciences, Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels Heritage Lab, Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, UZB Other, Reproduction and Genetics, and Centre for Reproductive Medicine - Gynaecology

ESHRE Working Group on Chromosomal Mosaicism, De Rycke, Martine, Capalbo, Antonio, Coonen, Edith, Coticchio, Giovanni, Fiorentino, Francesco, Goossens, Veerle, Mcheik, Saria, Rubio, Carmen, Sermon, Karen, Sfontouris, Ioannis, Spits, Claudia, Vermeesch, Joris Robert, Vermeulen, Nathalie, Wells, Dagan, Zambelli, Filippo, Kakourou, Georgia, Obstetrie & Gynaecologie, MUMC+: VMK IVF Lab (9), RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Centre for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Brussels Heritage Lab, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, and Medical Genetics

Saar van Pottelberghe, Fenja Heine, Sonia Van Dooren, Frederik Hes, Nina Kupper, Centre for Medical Genetics, Clinical sciences, Brussels Heritage Lab, Reproduction and Genetics, Medical Genetics, and Medical and Clinical Psychology

Anthony Demolder, Lisa Bianco, Maryanne Caruana, Elena Cervi, Arturo Evangelista, Guillaume Jondeau, Lisa Lauren Buttigieg, Ángela López-Sainz, Elena Montañés Delmás, Alessandro Pini, Anna Sabaté-Rotés, Katalin Szöcs, Maria Tchitchinadze, Gisela Teixidó-Tura, Yskert von Kodolitsch, Laura Muiño-Mosquera, Julie De Backer, Institut Català de la Salut, [Demolder A] Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. [Bianco L, Sabaté-Rotés A] Servei de Cardiologia Pediàtrica, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. [Caruana M] Department of Cardiology, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Malta. VASCERN HTAD Affiliated Partner Centre, Austria. [Cervi E] Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK. [Evangelista A, López-Sainz Á, Teixidó-Tura G] Servei de Cardiologia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER-CV, Barcelona, Spain. VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Belgium. [Jondeau G] VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Belgium. Centre de référence pour le syndrome de Marfan et apparentés, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Nuno Maia, Sven Potelle, Hamide Yildirim, Sandrine Duvet, Shyam K. Akula, Celine Schulz, Elsa Wiame, Alexander Gheldof, Katherine O’Kane, Abbe Lai, Karen Sermon, Maïa Proisy, Philippe Loget, Tania Attié-Bitach, Chloé Quelin, Ana Maria Fortuna, Ana Rita Soares, Arjan P.M. de Brouwer, Emile Van Schaftingen, Marie-Cécile Nassogne, Christopher A. Walsh, Katrien Stouffs, Paula Jorge, Anna C. Jansen, François Foulquier, Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Neurogenetics, Clinical sciences, Medical Genetics, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Mental Health and Wellbeing research group, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Universidade do Minho = University of Minho [Braga], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, and Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576

Rhonda E. Schnur, Fabio Sirchia, Olga Levchenko, Caroline Nava, Jane Juusola, Sarah Verheyen, Marketa Vlckova, Lindsay Rhodes, Gregory M. Cooper, Darina Prchalova, Thomas Courtin, Øystein L. Holla, David Kronn, Akemi J. Tanaka, E. Martina Bebin, Tara Funari, Miroslava Hancarova, Ennio Del Giudice, Nicolas Guex, Astrid Eisenkölbl, Dawn L. Earl, Toshiki Takenouchi, Ursula Gruber-Sedlmayr, Sedlácek Z, Sofia Douzgou, Heidelis A. Seebacher, Gerarda Cappuccio, Jasmin Blatterer, Anna Mikhaleva, Dian Donnai, Wendy K. Chung, Else Merckoll, Natasha J Brown, Elizabeth A. Sellars, Stefan Mundlos, Susan M. Hiatt, Giuliana Giannuzzi, Sinje Geuer, Giuseppina Vitiello, Séverine Lorrain, Alexandre Reymond, David J. Amor, Nicolas Chatron, Julien Delafontaine, Martine Doco, Kristian Tveten, Cecilie F. Rustad, Sylvain Pradervand, Delphine Héron, Alfredo Brusco, Elena L. Dadali, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Boris Keren, Yuri A. Zarate, Crystle Lee, Joel Charrow, Binnaz Yalcin, Heidi Taska-Tench, Elin Tønne, Tomoko Uehara, Alexander Lavrov, Jennifer Norman, Norine Voisin, Anna C.E. Hurst, Victoria R. Sanders, Ganka Douglas, Diana Johnson, Kenjiro Kosaki, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University [Camden] (CMSRU), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), University of Manchester [Manchester], HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology [Huntsville, AL], Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Victorian Clinical Genetics Services [Melbourne, VIC, Australia] (VCGS), Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), University of Melbourne, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Groupe de Recherche Clinique : Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme [ CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP] (GRC : DIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Research Centre for Medical Genetics [Moscow, Russia] (RCMG), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Medical University of Graz, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Charles University [Prague] (CU), University Hospital Motol [Prague], University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Azienda Ospedalerio - Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino = University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Hémostase et Remodelage Vasculaire Post-Ischémie (HERVI - EA 3801), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), GeneDx [Gaithersburg, MD, USA], Johannes Kepler University Linz [Linz] (JKU), Telemark Hospital Trust [Skien, Norway], New York Medical College (NYMC), Integris Pediatric Neurology [Oklahoma City, OK, USA] (IPN), Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo' [Trieste], Keio University School of Medicine [Tokyo, Japan], Columbia University [New York], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine [Manchester, UK] (MCGM), St Mary's Hospital Manchester-Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester [Manchester]-University of Manchester [Manchester]-Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT)-Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health [Manchester, UK], Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Dupuis, Christine, Voisin, N., Schnur, R. E., Douzgou, S., Hiatt, S. M., Rustad, C. F., Brown, N. J., Earl, D. L., Keren, B., Levchenko, O., Geuer, S., Verheyen, S., Johnson, D., Zarate, Y. A., Hancarova, M., Amor, D. J., Bebin, E. M., Blatterer, J., Brusco, A., Cappuccio, G., Charrow, J., Chatron, N., Cooper, G. M., Courtin, T., Dadali, E., Delafontaine, J., Del Giudice, E., Doco, M., Douglas, G., Eisenkolbl, A., Funari, T., Giannuzzi, G., Gruber-Sedlmayr, U., Guex, N., Heron, D., Holla, O. L., Hurst, A. C. E., Juusola, J., Kronn, D., Lavrov, A., Lee, C., Lorrain, S., Merckoll, E., Mikhaleva, A., Norman, J., Pradervand, S., Prchalova, D., Rhodes, L., Sanders, V. R., Sedlacek, Z., Seebacher, H. A., Sellars, E. A., Sirchia, F., Takenouchi, T., Tanaka, A. J., Taska-Tench, H., Tonne, E., Tveten, K., Vitiello, G., Vlckova, M., Uehara, T., Nava, C., Yalcin, B., Kosaki, K., Donnai, D., Mundlos, S., Brunetti Pierri, N., Chung, W. K., and Reymond, A.

Kristien Hens, Maryse Bonduelle, Inge Liebaers, Christine de Die – Smulders, RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, MUMC+: DA KG Polikliniek (9), Klinische Genetica, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vriendenkring VUB, Reproduction and Genetics, and Medical Genetics

Anastasiia S. Garanina, Irina B. Alieva, Elizaveta E. Bragina, Emmanuelle Blanchard, Brigitte Arbeille, Fabrice Guerif, Svetlana Uzbekova, Rustem E. Uzbekov, Université de Tours, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Centre For Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, ProdInra, Migration, Université de Tours (UT), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)

de Rycke, M., Goossens, V., Kokkali, G., Meijer-Hoogeveen, M., Coonen, E., Moutou, C., Obstetrie & Gynaecologie, RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, MUMC+: VMK IVF Lab (9), Centre for Medical Genetics, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, and Faculty of Engineering

Mary-Louise Bonduelle, Julie Nekkebroeck, Ingeborg Liebaers, Sonja Desmyttere, Mathieu Roelants, Jean De Schepper, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Biology, Pediatrics, and Centre for Medical Genetics

Pierre Hilven, Nele De Temmerman, Sara Seneca, Karen Sermon, Andre Van Steirteghem, Ingeborg Liebaers, Martine De Rycke, Willy Lissens, Centre for Medical Genetics, Department of Embryology and Genetics, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Sonja Desmyttere, C. Winter, F. De Schrijver, F. Van Acker, Mary-Louise Bonduelle, Julie Nekkebroeck, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Educational Science, Centre for Medical Genetics, Developmental and Lifespan Psychology, Clinical sciences, and Clinical and Lifespan Psychology

Hadley, Dexter, Wu, Zhi Liang, Kao, Charlly, Kini, Akshata, Mohamed-Hadley, Alisha, Thomas, Kelly, Vazquez, Lyam, Qiu, Haijun, Mentch, Frank, Pellegrino, Renata, Kim, Cecilia, Connolly, John, Pinto, Dalila, Merikangas, Alison, Klei, Lambertus, Vorstman, Jacob, Thompson, Ann, Regan, Regina, Pagnamenta, Alistair, Oliveira, Barbara, Magalhaes, Tiago, Gilbert, John, Duketis, Eftichia, De Jonge, Maretha, Cuccaro, Michael, Correia, Catarina, Conroy, Judith, Conceição, Inês, Chiocchetti, Andreas, Casey, Jillian, Bolshakova, Nadia, Bacchelli, Elena, Anney, Richard, Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie, Wittemeyer, Kerstin, Wallace, Simon, Van Engeland, Herman, Soorya, Latha, Rogé, Bernadette, Roberts, Wendy, Poustka, Fritz, Mouga, Susana, Minshew, Nancy, Mcgrew, Susan, Lord, Catherine, Leboyer, Marion, Le Couteur, Ann, Kolevzon, Alexander, Jacob, Suma, Guter, Stephen, Green, Jonathan, Green, Andrew, Gillberg, Christopher, Fernandez, Bridget, Duque, Frederico, Delorme, Richard, Dawson, Geraldine, Café, Cátia, Brennan, Sean, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bolton, Patrick, Bölte, Sven, Bernier, Raphael, Baird, Gillian, Bailey, Anthony, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Almeida, Joana, Wijsman, Ellen, Vieland, Veronica, Vicente, Astrid, Schellenberg, Gerard, Pericak-Vance, Margaret, Paterson, Andrew, Parr, Jeremy, Oliveira, Guiomar, Nurnberger, John, Monaco, Anthony, Maestrini, Elena, Klauck, Sabine, Haines, Jonathan, Geschwind, Daniel, Freitag, Christine, Folstein, Susan, Ennis, Sean, Coon, Hilary, Battaglia, Agatino, Szatmari, Peter, Sutcliffe, James, Hallmayer, Joachim, Gill, Michael, Cook, Edwin, Buxbaum, Joseph, Devlin, Bernie, Gallagher, Louise, Betancur, Catalina, Scherer, Stephen, Glessner, Joseph, Hakonarson, Hakon, The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Department of Psychiatry, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Friedman Brain Institute, Discipline of Psychiatry [Dublin], School of Medicine [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin-Trinity College Dublin, Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]-Offord Centre for Child Studies, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), Center for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Children's University Hospital, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, School of Education, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of Oxford [Oxford]-Warneford Hospital, Octogone Unité de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (Octogone), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto, Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo (UNDA), Hospital Pediatrico de Coimbra, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Center for Autism and the Developing Brain (CADB), Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Service de psychiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Foundation Fondamental, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institute for Juvenile Research and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester [Manchester], National Centre for Medical Genetics, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre [Göteborg, Sueden], Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg]-University of Gothenburg (GU), Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institute of Psychiatry, King‘s College London, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of psychiatry, University of Washington [Seattle], Paediatric Neurodisability, King‘s College London-King's Health Partners, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), King‘s College London-The Institute of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia (UBC), Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Division of Medical Genetics [Seattle], Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU)-Nationwide Children's Hospital, BioFIG, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Institute of Neuroscience [Newcastle] (ION), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University [Nashville]-Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California-University of California, Utah Autism Research Program, University of Utah Psychiatry Department, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Department of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin-St. James's Hospital, Institute for Juvenile Research, Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM)-Seaver Autism Center-, The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McLaughlin Centre, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), The study was funded by an Institutional Development Fund from The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Margaret Q Landenberger Foundation, The Lurie Family Foundation, The Kubert Estate Fund and by U01HG005830. AGRE is a program of Autism Speaks and is at present supported, in part, by grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health to C.M. Lajonchere (PI) and formerly by grant MH64547 to D.H. Geschwind (PI)., Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Betancur, Catalina, University of Oxford, University of Oxford-Warneford Hospital, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)

Hans van Ditmarsch, François Schwarzentruber, Carlos Areces, Raul Fervari, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física [Cordoba] (FaMAF), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Computational Epistemic Logic in LOrraine (CELLO), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Medical Genetics, École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes), Logic and Applications (LogicA), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes (UR)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

J Scholte, L. De Meirleir, Sara Seneca, Ingeborg Liebaers, C Benelli, J De Klerk, C Marsac, O. P. van Diggelen, Willy Lissens, W. J. Kleijer, Pediatrics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Pneumology, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Biochemistry, and Clinical Genetics

Voigt, C., Megarbane, A., Neveling, K., Czeschik, J.C., Albrecht, B., Callewaert, B., Deimling, F. von, Hehr, A., Smeland, M. Falkenberg, Konig, R., Kuechler, A., Marcelis, C., Puiu, M., Reardon, W., Stensland, H.M. Riise, Schweiger, B., Steehouwer, M., Teller, C., Martin, M., Rahmann, S., Hehr, U., Brunner, H.G., Ludecke, H.J., Wieczorek, D., BMC, Ed., Institute of Human Genetics - Institut für Humangenetik [Essen], Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen)-Universitat Duisberg-Essen, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle (GMGF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University Hospital-Center for Medical Genetics, Medizinische Genetik, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Coburg, Zentrum für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health-University Hospital of North Norway [Tromsø] (UNN), Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Genetica medicala, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin OLCHC, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Institut für Humangenetik [Ulm], Universitätsklinikum Ulm - University Hospital of Ulm, Bioinformatics, Computer Science XI, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Abteilung Genominformatik, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen]-Institut für Humangenetik, This work was supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research for the CRANIRARE to DW and the FACE consortium to DW and H-JL (BMBF 01GM1211B and 01GM1109B). BC is a postdoctoral research fellow of the fund for scientific research-flanders., and Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen]-Institut für Humangenetik

Maartje Van Rij, Marjan De Rademaeker, Moutou, C., Dreesen, J., Martine De Rycke, Ingeborg Liebaers, Geraedts, J., Die-Smulders, C. E. M., Stéphane Viville, Working Group Brumastra Pgd, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

Caroline De Paepe, Ingeborg Liebaers, Paul Devroey, Hilde Van De Velde, A. Verloes, Johan Sterckx, Greet Cauffman, Herman Tournaye, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Reproductive immunology and implantation

Patrick Cras, Jean Bernheim, Nathalie Roussel, Bert Willems, Jo Nijs, Liesbeth Daenen, Els Inghelbrecht, Kristien Wouters, Luc Hens, Said Hachimi-Idrissi, Brussels Heritage Lab, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Human Physiology and Special Physiology of Physical Education, Medical Sociology, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Research Group Critical Care and Cerebral Resuscitation, Intensive Care, Critical Care, Centre for Medical Genetics, Human Ecology, Vriendenkring VUB, and End-of-life Care Research Group

Jo Nijs, Liesbeth Daenen, Nathalie Roussel, Said Hachimi-Idrissi, Luc Hens, Jean Bernheim, Bert Willems, Patrick Cras, Els Inghelbrecht, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Human Physiology and Special Physiology of Physical Education, Medical Sociology, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Research Group Critical Care and Cerebral Resuscitation, Intensive Care, Critical Care, Centre for Medical Genetics, Human Ecology, Vriendenkring VUB, and End-of-life Care Research Group

Angela F. Brady, Louise Zylberberg, Yasemin Alanay, Gwenaëlle Collod-Béroud, Andrea Superti-Furga, Sally Ann Lynch, Michel Polak, Avinash Abhyankar, André Mégarbané, Martine Le Merrer, Suneel S. Apte, Marie-Pierre Cordier, Carine Le Goff, Arnold Munnich, Clémentine Mahaut, David Sillence, Sacha A. Jensen, Pelin Özlem Şimşek Kiper, Christine Bole-Feysot, Lauren W. Wang, David L. Rimoin, Vicken Topouchian, Patrick Nitschke, Slimane Allali, Koenraad Devriendt, Penny A. Handford, Catherine Boileau, Sylvie Odent, Deborah Krakow, Irene Stolte-Dijkstra, Damien Bonnet, Geert Mortier, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Sheila Unger, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Bernhard Zabel, Marianne Rohrbach, Hiroshi Kitoh, David Geneviève, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Génétique et épigénétique des maladies métaboliques, neurosensorielles et du développement (Inserm U781), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], Department of Biochemistry [Oxford], University of Oxford, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares. Pathologie moleculaire, etudes fonctionnelles et banque de données génétiques (LGMR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-IFR3, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Service de cardiologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Service de cytogénétique constitutionnelle, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU de Lyon-Centre Neuroscience et Recherche, Institute of Child Health, Service de génétique médicale [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University, Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Our Lady's hospital for Sick Children, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Unité de génétique médicale, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Medical Genetics, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), hôpital Sud, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clinical Genetics, Academic Department of Medical Genetics, Westmead Hospital [Sydney], Department of Clinical Genetics, Service de Pédiatrie, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Service de chirurgie orthopédique pédiatrique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service de Génétique humaine, Centre for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg [Freiburg]-University Hospital Freiburg, Endocrinologie moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plate Forme Paris Descartes de Bioinformatique (BIP-D), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U980), Service de cardiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), COLLOD-BEROUD, Gwenaëlle, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic-Lerner Research Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes, North West Thames Regional Genetics, Northwick Park Hospital, Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Center for Human Genetics, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL)-Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], Cellules souches mésenchymateuses, environnement articulaire et immunothérapies de la polyarthrite rhumatoide, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Human Genetics, University of California-University of California, National Centre for Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem] (UZA), Service de Génétique Clinique, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Sud, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), service d'endocrinologie, gynécologie, diabétologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Clinical genetics, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Medical Genetics Institute, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Bioinformatique, Service de biochimie, d'hormonologie et de génétique moléculaire [CHU Amrboise Paré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Hémostase, bio-ingénierie et remodelage cardiovasculaires (LBPC), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de recherche génomique et physiologie de la lactation (GPL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of California-University of California-Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation (GPL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, rockefeller university, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Hôpital Sud, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Génétique et épigénétique des maladies métaboliques, neurosensorielles et du développement ( Inserm U781 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Cleveland Clinic Foundation-Lerner Research Institute, St Giles laboratory of Human Genetics and Infectious Diseases, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris ( iSTeP ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares. Pathologie moleculaire, etudes fonctionnelles et banque de données génétiques, Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -IFR3-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ) -Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -IFR3-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles] ( UCLA ), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth ( USJ ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University Hospital Antwerp, Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Sud, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes ( IGDR ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -IFR140-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University Medical Center Groningen, Université de Lausanne ( UNIL ), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses ( Inserm U980 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Service de biochimie, d'hormonologie et de génétique moléculaire, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Hémostase, bio-ingénierie et remodelage cardiovasculaires ( LBPC ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Galilée, University of Zurich, and Cormier-Daire, V

Van Dooren, Sonia, Endels, Kristof, Keymolen, Kathelijne, Seneca, Sara, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Lissens, Willy, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Clinical sciences

De Rycke, Martine, Verpoest, Willem, De Becker, Pascale, Van De Velde, Hilde, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Bonduelle, Mary-Louise, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Gyneacology-Urology, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Human Physiology and Special Physiology of Physical Education

Claudia Spits, Ingeborg Liebaers, Sara Seneca, Karen Sermon, Pierre Hilven, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Biology of the Testis, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

Cauffman, Greet, Verheyen, G., Haentjens, Patrick, Devroey, Paul, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Van De Velde, Hilde, Centre for Medical Genetics, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Centre for Reproductive Medicine - Gynaecology, Surgery Specializations, Internal Medicine Specializations, and Reproduction and Genetics

Van Dooren, Sonia, Vijzelaar, M., Seneca, Sara, De Rycke, Martine, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Lissens, Willy, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, and Centre for Medical Genetics

Lissens, Willy, Bonduelle, Mary-Louise, Seneca, Sara, Van Dooren, Sonia, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Clinical sciences

Desmyttere, Sonja, De Schrijver, Felix, Verpoest, Willem, Haentjens, P., Liebaers, Ingeborg, Bonduelle, Mary-Louise, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Surgical clinical sciences, Centre for Reproductive Medicine - Gynaecology, and Centre for Medical Genetics

Belva, Florence, Painter, R., Roseboom, T., De Schepper, Jean, Devroey, Paul, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Bonduelle, Mary-Louise, Pediatrics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Clinical sciences, Biology of the Testis, Gyneacology-Urology, and Reproduction and Genetics

Belva, Florence, Painter, R., De Schepper, Jean, Roseboom, T., Devroey, Paul, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Bonduelle, Mary-Louise, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Gyneacology-Urology, Pediatrics, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

Seneca, Sara, Smet, Joél, Van Coster, Rudy, De Meirleir, Linda, Lissens, Willy, Bonduelle, Mary-Louise, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Pediatrics, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

Van De Velde, Hilde, Cauffman, Greet, Verloes, A., De Paepe, Caroline, Sterckx, Johan, Van Ranst, Heidi, Devroey, Paul, Tournaye, Herman, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Biology of the Testis, Gyneacology-Urology, Centre for Medical Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

Baumgarten, Myriam, Dominic, Stoop, Haentjens, Patrick, Verheyen, G., De Schrijver, F., Liebaers, Ingeborg, Camus, Michel, Bonduelle, Mary-Louise, Devroey, Paul, Gyneacology-Urology, Centre for Medical Genetics, Surgical clinical sciences, Reproduction and Genetics, Surgery Specializations, Internal Medicine Specializations, Centre for Reproductive Medicine - Gynaecology, and Department of Embryology and Genetics

Olivier Cassar, Britta Moens, Vanessa Adaui, Daniel Clark, Giovanni López, Antoine Gessain, Sonia Van Dooren, Guido Vanham, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Elsa González, Kristien Verdonck, Lien Kerremans, Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Departamento de Medicina, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussels, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Seneca, Sara, Dermaut, Bart, Santens, P., Dom, L., Smets, K., Ceulemans, L., Smet, Joél, De Paepe, Boél, Tousseyn, S., Weckhuysen, S., Gewillig, M., Pals, P., Parizel, Paul, De Bleecker, J., Boon, Paul, De Meirleir, Linda, De Jonghe, P., Vancoster, R., Van Paesschen, W., Lissens, Willy, Liebaers, Ingeborg, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Pediatrics, and Centre for Medical Genetics

Mine Arslan-Kirchner, Eloisa Arbustini, A. De Paepe, Paul Coucke, Jean-Eric Wolf, O Bouchot, Bart Loeys, P Khau-Van-Kien, Chantal Stheneur, Peter N. Robinson, Elodie Gautier, Nicola Marziliano, Bert Callewaert, Karin Mayer, Christophe Béroud, P Comeglio, Mireille Claustres, A Kiotsekoglou, Claire Bonithon-Kopp, Laurence Faivre, Lesley C. Adès, Guillaume Jondeau, Anne H. Child, Gwenaëlle Collod-Béroud, Catherine Boileau, Uta Francke, J. De Backer, Christine Binquet, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1432 (Dijon) - Epidemiologie Clinique/Essais Cliniques (CIC-EC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares. Pathologie moleculaire, etudes fonctionnelles et banque de données génétiques (LGMR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-IFR3, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Center for Medical Genetics [Ghent], Ghent University Hospital, Department of Cardiological Sciences, St George's Hospital, Institute of Genetic Medicine and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Centre for Inherited Cardiovacular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Center of Human Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Institut für Humagenetik, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH)-Institut für Humagenetik, Service de pédiatrie, urgences enfants [CHU Ambroise-Paré], Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Cardiologie [CHU de Dijon], Service de chirurgie cardio-vasculaire, Institut für Medizinische Genetik, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Marfan Research Group, Westmead Hospital [Sydney], Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Genetics [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Centre de reference national pour le syndrome de Marfan et apparentés, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de biochimie, d'hormonologie et de génétique moléculaire [CHU Amrboise Paré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Génétique et épigénétique des maladies métaboliques, neurosensorielles et du développement (Inserm U781), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was supported by a grant from the French ministry of health (PHRC 2004), GIS maladies rares 2004, Bourse de la Société Francaise de Cardiologie, Fédération Franc¸aise de Cardiologie 2005 and ANR-05-PCOD-014. BC and BL are respectively a research fellow and a senior clinical investigator of the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders. AC and PC thank the Marfan Trust and the Bluff Field Charitable Fund for support., HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de chirurgie cardio-vasculaire et thoracique (CHU Dijon), COLLOD-BEROUD, Gwenaëlle, Université de Bourgogne (UB) - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares. Pathologie moleculaire, etudes fonctionnelles et banque de données génétiques, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1) - IFR3 - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre for Medical Genetics, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH) - Institut für Humagenetik, Service de pédiatrie, urgences enfants, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image (Le2i), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de Bourgogne (UB) - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Service de Cardiologie II, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier) - Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Universitätsmedizin Charité, The University of Sydney [Sydney], The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Department of Genetics and Pediatrics, Stanford University [Stanford], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Service de biochimie, d'hormonologie et de génétique moléculaire, Handicaps génétiques de l'enfant, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UFR P.I.F.O, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1432 (Dijon) - Epidemiologie Clinique/Essais Cliniques ( CIC-EC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -IFR3-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Hannover Medical School [Hannover] ( MHH ) -Institut für Humagenetik, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Génétique et épigénétique des maladies métaboliques, neurosensorielles et du développement ( Inserm U781 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Semra Kahraman, Inge Liebaers, Kim De Hauwere, Willem Verpoest, Martine De Rycke, Francesco Fiorentino, Paul Devroey, Guido Pennings, Hilde Van De Velde, Caroline De Man, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Reproductive immunology and implantation, Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Reproductive Medicine - Gynaecology, Department of Embryology and Genetics, Gyneacology-Urology, and Centre for Medical Genetics