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26 results on '"Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE)"'

1. Gate-Controlled Supercurrent in Epitaxial Al/InAs Nanowires

Author

Olivér Kürtössy, Péter Makk, Kenji Watanabe, Thomas Kanne, István Endre Lukács, Gergő Fülöp, Takashi Taniguchi, Tosson Elalaily, Martin Berke, Szabolcs Csonka, Zoltán Scherübl, Jesper Nygård, Budapest University of Technology and Economics [Budapest] (BME), Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), and University of Basel (Unibas)

Subjects
Materials science, Letter, Phonon, Nanowire, phonons, Field effect, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], epitaxial superconductors, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Hot-carrier injection, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Superconductivity, gate-controlled supercurrent, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, field effect, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Supercurrent, MAGNETIC-FIELD, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, hot electron injection, nanowire, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS) in superconducting nanobridges has recently attracted attention as a means to create superconducting switches. Despite the clear advantages for applications, the microscopic mechanism of this effect is still under debate. In this work, we realize GCS for the first time in a highly crystalline superconductor epitaxially grown on an InAs nanowire. We show that the supercurrent in the epitaxial Al layer can be switched to the normal state by applying similar to +/- 23 V on a bottom gate insulated from the nanowire by a crystalline hBN layer. Our extensive study of the temperature and magnetic field dependencies suggests that the electric field is unlikely to be the origin of GCS in our device. Though hot electron injection alone cannot explain our experimental findings, a very recent non-equilibrium phonons based picture is compatible with most of our results.

Published
2021

2. State of the art of fuel micro-mechanical modelling: From atomic scale to engineering laws in fuel performance codes

Author

Bruno Michel, Michael Welland, Nana Ofori-Opoku, Laurent Vanbrutzel, Katalin Kulacsy, Michael R. Tonks, Pierre-Guy Vincent, Fabienne Ribeiro, Andrei Jelea, Giovanni Pastore, David A. Anderson, Jean-marie Gatt, Ronan Madec, Jean-Paul Crocombette, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology & Health, Chalk River (CNL), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Laboratoire de statistique et des modélisations avancées (IRSN/PSN-RES/SEMIA/LSMA), Service de Maîtrise des Incidents et Accidents (IRSN/PSN-RES/SEMIA), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Newcleo, Newcleo (Newcleo), Materials Science and Technology Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Fonds publics < 50 %

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Atomistic simulation, Crystal plasticity, Nuclear fuel, General Materials Science, Dislocation dynamic, Micro-mecanical modelling, Fuel performance codes
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the state-of-the-art knowledge about the micro-mechanical modelling of the fuel behavior under irradiation with normal and off normal operating conditions. Modelling of fundamental processes can provide key insights in the behavior of the material. Such models target specific phenomena due to the limits of computational resources and scope of theory, necessitating a multiscale approach. This work follows a multiscale paradigm building up in spatio-temporal scale. The micro-mechanical modelling studied addresses all the loading conditions encountered in the reactor with elasticity, plasticity, creep and fracture behavior. Atomistic-scale modelling review reveals mechanisms and physical parameters for elasticity of fresh and irradiated fuel, rupture, dislocation gliding and internal stresses induced by pressurized bubble with fission gases. Simulation techniques proposed at this scale are Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamic with empirical potential, Dislocation Dynamics and Phase Field Crystal methodology.

Published
2022

3. Parallel InAs nanowires for Cooper pair splitters with Coulomb repulsion

Author

Olivér Kürtössy, Zoltán Scherübl, Gergő Fülöp, István Endre Lukács, Thomas Kanne, Jesper Nygård, Péter Makk, Szabolcs Csonka, Budapest University of Technology and Economics [Budapest] (BME), Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and University of Basel (Unibas)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, STATES, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, SUPERCONDUCTOR, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

Hybrid nanostructures consisting of two parallel InAs nanowires connected by an epitaxially grown superconductor (SC) shell recently became available. Due to the defect-free SC-semiconductor interface and the two quasi-one-dimensional channels being close by, these platforms can be utilized to spatially separate entangled pairs of electrons by using quantum dots (QD) in the so-called Cooper pair splitting (CPS) process. The minimized distance between the QDs overcomes the limitations of single-wire-based geometries and can boost the splitting efficiency. Here we investigate CPS in such a device where strong inter-dot Coulomb repulsion is also present and studied thoroughly. We analyze theoretically the slight reduction of the CPS efficiency imposed by the Coulomb interaction and compare it to the experiments. Despite the competition between crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) and inter-wire capacitance, a significant CPS signal is observed indicating the dominance of the superconducting coupling. Our results demonstrate that the application of parallel InAs nanowires with epitaxial SC is a promising route for the realization of parafermionic states relying on enhanced CAR between the wires.

Published
2022

4. Influence of chronic smoking on the dose due to radon exposure

Author

Honorio da Silva, Edilaine, Davesne, Estelle, Bonchuk, Y., Ratia, G., Madas, B., Berkovskyy, V., Broggio, David, Laboratoire d'évaluation de la dose interne (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LEDI), Service de dosimétrie (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (INSTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Ukrainian Radiation Protection Institute, Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), and European Project: 900009,RadoNorm

Subjects
Radiation protection, [PHYS]Physics [physics], cigarette smoking, radon, organ dose, lungs
Abstract

International audience; IntroductionLung cancer is the second most common type of cancer worldwide, with two major causes being smoking and radon exposure. But how chronic smoking affects radon doses to the lungs is not clear. In this study, we identified smoking related parameters that could influence the dose received by the lungs from radon.MethodsChanges in the lungs and respiratory functions caused by smoking found in the literature were used to adjust the Human Respiratory Tract Model and calculations were performed to assess the influence of smoking on the radon doses.Also based in the literature a new dose calculation tool for quantitative assessment of the impact of smoking and other factors, such as age, sex, nasal or mouth breathing habits is under preparation. To ensure the quality of calculations, the developed code is applied for the quality assurance programme of the ICRP Task Group on Internal Dose Coefficients and in the preparation of ICRP publications and electronic datasets. Additionally, PHITS was used for validation of the energy transport calculations. These tools will incorporate functionalities for the analysis of the sensitivity of estimates of lung tissue absorbed doses to changes in the lung deposition pattern, source-target geometry and biokinetics associated with smoking.ResultsSmoking was found to change the thickness of epithelial layers and length of cilia in the respiratory tract and influence respiratory parameters. Clearance of inhaled aerosol also differs in smokers and non-smokers, indicating that smoking could influence absorption into blood and muco-ciliary transport. A pilot version of the tool for calculating the alpha particles energy deposition in the tissues of the human respiratory tract has been developed.ConclusionsData available from the literature suggests that smoking could lead to changes relevant to the calculation of radiation doses in the respiratory tract, potentially impacting the dose received by smokers due to radon.

Published
2022

5. Andreev molecule in parallel InAs nanowires

Author

Péter Makk, Jesper Nygård, Zoltán Scherübl, Thomas Kanne, Olivér Kürtössy, Szabolcs Csonka, István Endre Lukács, Gergő Fülöp, Budapest University of Technology and Economics [Budapest] (BME), Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and University of Basel (Unibas)

Subjects
Letter, Nanowire, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Delocalized electron, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), SUPERCONDUCTOR, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, hybridization, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Mechanical Engineering, superconductivity, General Chemistry, Yu-Shiba-Rusinov, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Andreev molecule, MAJORANA, STATES, nanowire, State of matter, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Coupling individual atoms via tunneling fundamentally changes the state of matter: electrons bound to atomic cores become delocalized resulting in a change from an insulating to a metallic state, as it is well known from the canonical example of solids. A chain of atoms could lead to more exotic states if the tunneling takes place via the superconducting vacuum and can induce topologically protected excitations like Majorana or parafermions. Toward the realization of such artificial chains, coupling a single atom to the superconducting vacuum is well studied, but the hybridization of two sites via the superconductor was not yet reported. The peculiar vacuum of the BCS condensate opens the way to annihilate or generate two electrons from the bulk resulting in a so-called Andreev molecular state. By employing parallel nanowires with an Al superconductor shell, two artificial atoms were created at a minimal distance with an epitaxial superconducting link between. Hybridization via the BCS vacuum was observed between the two artificial atoms for the first time, as a demonstration of an Andreev molecular state., Comment: References were updated

Published
2021
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6. Treatabolome: a rare diseases treatment awareness project

Author

Atalaia, A, Thompson, R, Corvo, A, Carmody, L, Piscia, D, Matalonga, L, Macaya, A, Lochmuller, A, Fontaine, B, Zurek, B, Hernandez-Ferrer, C, Rheinard, C, Gómez-Andrés, D, Schon, K, Lohmann, K, Jennings, M, Riess, O, Ben Yaou, R, Evangelista, T, Ratnaike, T, Bros-Facer, V, Gumus, G, Horvath, R, Chinnery, P, Laurie, S, Graessner, H, Robinson, P, Lochmuller, H, Beltran, S, Bonne, Gisèle, Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), and Newcastle University [Newcastle]

Subjects
[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rare diseases
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

7. Thermally Stimulated Evolution of Optical and Structural Properties of Germanium-Doped Alumina Films

Author

Fabrice Gourbilleau, Larysa Khomenkova, Isaac Balberg, Oleksandr Melnichuk, L. Melnichuk, Caroline Bonafos, Nicolas Ratel-Ramond, Nadiia Korsunska, Kremena Makasheva, Peter Petrik, V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (UKMA), Sciences et Ingénierie des Plasmas Réactifs et des Arcs (LAPLACE-ScIPRA), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Nano-Optique et Nanomatériaux pour l'optique (CEMES-NeO), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mykola Gogol State University of Nizhyn (MGSUN), Racah Institute of Physics (Racah Institute of Physics), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ)-Racah Institute of Physics, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Doping, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Nanocrystal, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence
Abstract

Group IV semiconductor nanoclusters/nanocrystals attract a great interest because of substantial transformation of their optical, electrical and luminescent properties due to quantum confinement effects. During last decades significant attention was paid to the Si nanocrystals (ncs) embedded in Si oxide or nitride, and later, to the Ge-ncs embedded in these matrices. The mechanism of these 'ncs' formation was investigated in details. Recently we have reported on the Si-ncs formation in hafnia and alumina thin films. This work will present the results obtained for the Ge-rich Al2O3 films. The effect of Ge content and annealing conditions on the evolution of optical and structural properties of these materials and formation of Ge-ncs will be addressed. The films with different Ge content were grown on quarts substrates by magnetron co-sputtering of Ge and Al2O3 targets in argon plasma. After deposition, they were annealed in nitrogen atmosphere and analyzed by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry, FTIR, Raman scattering, XRD and photoluminescence methods. It is observed that suitable thermal treatment leads to the decomposition of nonstoichiometric films and results in the Ge-ncs formation. The formation of Ge-ncs via phase separantion requires lower temperatures (600-700°C) than that for Si-ncs production in alumina host (1050-1100ºC). An annealing at 800-950ºC results in the Ge out-diffusion from the films via formation of volatile GeO. This process results in the significant depletion of the near-surface regions in germanium that was confirmed by an appearance of gradient in the refractive index via film volume. Decomposition process stimulates also an appearance of visible and near-infrared photoluminescence. The shape of luminescent spectrum depends significantly on both Ge content and the excitation wavelength. It is observed that exciton recombination inside nanocrystals dominates at longer wavelength excitation, whereas the UV-blue excitation results in the radiative recombination via interface or host defects in the materials. This result was found to be caused by the competition of different radiative channels in the films. The evolution of optical and luminescent properties will be discussed in details.

Published
2020

8. Spectroscopic characterization of phase transformation in Ge-rich Al2O3 films grown by magnetron co-sputtering

Author

O. Melnichuk, Larysa Khomenkova, Fabrice Gourbilleau, L. Melnichuk, Isaac Balberg, Z. Tsybrii, Peter Petrik, Kremena Makasheva, Nadiia Korsunska, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Sciences et Ingénierie des Plasmas Réactifs et des Arcs (LAPLACE-ScIPRA), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Mykola Gogol State University of Nizhyn (MGSUN), Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Luminescence, Annealing (metallurgy), Analytical chemistry, Phase separation, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Sputtering, law, Ellipsometry, Phase (matter), Al2O3, General Materials Science, Crystallization, Infrared specular reflection, Mechanical Engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Ge nanoclusters, 0104 chemical sciences, Amorphous solid, Mechanics of Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Light emission, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Thermally-stimulated evolution of optical and structural properties of Ge-rich-Al2O3 films with different Ge contents was investigated. As-deposited films and films annealed at TA ≤ 550 °C were found to be amorphous whatever the Ge content. The formation of amorphous Ge clusters occurs at TA = 550 °C, whereas their crystallization is prominent at TA = 600 °C requiring a shorter annealing time for the higher Ge content. The films annealed at TA = 550 °C showed broad photoluminescence spectrum. Its shape and intensity depend on Ge content and excitation energy. Annealing at TA = 600 °C results in the appearance of additional UV bands originated from the formation of GeOx phase covered Ge clusters. An analysis of excitation spectra was performed to distinguish the mechanism of light emission in these films as well as to discriminate contribution of carrier recombination in the Ge phase (amorphous clusters and/or nanocrystals) as well as via interface or host defects. The concentration and mobility of free carriers was also estimated.

Published
2020

9. Whether Ge-Rich ZrO2 and Ge-Rich HfO2 Materials Have Similar Reaction on Annealing Treatment?

Author

Larysa Khomenkova, Oleksandr Melnichuk, Johannes Heitmann, Xavier Portier, Fabrice Gourbilleau, Emil Agocs, Peter Petrik, Nadiia Korsunska, David Lehninger, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanomatériaux, Ions et Métamatériaux pour la Photonique (NIMPH), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institute of Physics [Kiev] (IOP), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (Fraunhofer IPMS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Mykola Gogol State University of Nizhyn (MGSUN), and Institute of Applied Physics,TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Subjects
Diffraction, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Doping, Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Thermal treatment, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, symbols.namesake, Tetragonal crystal system, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], symbols, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman scattering, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

Usually, HfO2 and ZrO2 are considered as twin-oxides that have to demonstrate similar reaction on their doping with group IV elements as well as stable tetragonal “high-k” phase. However, in most cases the films produced with different approaches were compared. In this work, both Ge doped HfO2 and Ge-doped ZrO2 films were prepared using the same equipment that allows the same Ge content in both materials to be achieved via monitoring of deposition conditions. Thus, the effect of Ge content and thermal treatment on optical and structural properties of these films was studied to obtain direct experimental confirmation whether the formation of corresponding solid solutions and their phase separation stimulated by thermal treatment is similar for both oxides. The films were grown on 6-inch Si wafers by confocal magnetron sputtering using the deposition unit with installed Ge, HfO2 and ZrO2 targets simultaneously. After the deposition, the wafers with the films were cut on smaller samples and rapid thermal annealing in nitrogen atmosphere was performed at 300-900ºC during 30 s. The samples were investigated by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman scattering, FTIR and TEM methods. As-deposited pure ZrO2 and Ge-ZrO2 films as well as those annealed at TA≤600°C were found to be amorphous and homogeneous. Annealing at higher TA stimulates a phase separation and a formation of Ge nanoclusters (Ge-ncs). They crystallize at TC=640-700°C showing the tendency to the TC decrease with Ge content rise. An appearance of tetragonal ZrO2 phase in Ge-rich films was observed at TC=680-700°C. Such behavior of ZrO2 host shows the possibility to form Ge-ncs in amorphous matrix at TA=640-680°C that offers success application of such films. Contrary to pure ZrO2 films, as-deposited pure HfO2 films were found to be crystalline. Their doping with [Ge]≥5at% reduces the degree of film crystallinity towards amorphous structure that was found to be stable for TA£600°C. At higher TA the formation of Ge-ncs and tetragonal HfO2 phase was detected. However, this latter was found to be formed at TC=600-670 °C, while the Ge-ncs crystallize at TC=700-800°C. Note that the formation of larger Ge-ncs in Ge-ZrO2 films than that in Ge-HfO2 ones at the same annealing conditions was observed. Obtained results support the theoretical consideration about stability of tetragonal “high-k” phases in annealed films. However, they show also the difference in the reaction of Ge-HfO2 and Ge-ZrO2 materials on thermal treatment followed by phase separation. Its mechanism will be discussed in details.

Published
2020

10. Voltammetric characterization of Boda Albitic Claystone. Comparison with previous Mössbauer spectroscopy results

Author

Yuliang Xu, Zoltán Máthé, Lise Rouillard, Károly Lázár, Michel Perdicakis, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), and Mecsekérc

Subjects
Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Hematite, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Characterization (materials science), Ion, Geochemistry and Petrology, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, visual_art, Mössbauer spectroscopy, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Pyrite, 0210 nano-technology, Voltammetry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; We used ‘Voltammetry of MicroParticles’ to investigate electrochemically samples from the Boda Albitic Claystone, a potential site for deep underground disposal of nuclear waste in Hungary. The samples were collected near the surface and at a depth of 1050 m. The electrochemical characterization in acidic media allowed the identification of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions associated with clays, hematite and pyrite. The cathodic detection of pyrite does not raise special difficulties, but the anodic one is complex and depends on the time of the samples exposure to the atmosphere. This work completes a previous Mössbauer spectroscopy study by clarifying the presence, or absence, of extremely small amounts of pyrite in some samples.

Published
2016

11. Formation, Characterization, and Reactivity of a Nonheme Oxoiron(IV) Complex Derived from the Chiral Pentadentate Ligand asN4Py

Author

Michel Giorgi, Marius Réglier, József Kaizer, Róbert Csonka, Dóra Lakk-Bogáth, Gábor Speier, Jean-Valère Naubron, A. Jalila Simaan, Károly Lázár, Department of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, 8201 Veszpreḿ, Hungary, University of Pannonia, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectropôle - Aix Marseille Université (AMU SPEC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Ligand, Kinetics, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), Inorganic Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Reactivity (chemistry), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Selectivity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The chiral pentadentate low-spin (S = 1) oxoiron(IV) complex [FeIV(O)(asN4Py)]2+ (2) was synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Its formation kinetics, reactivity, and (enantio)selectivity in an oxygen-atom-transfer reaction was investigated in detail and compared to a similar pentadentate ligand-containing system.

Published
2016

12. RAPID COEVAL BLACK HOLE AND HOST GALAXY GROWTH IN MRC 1138-262: THE HUNGRY SPIDER

Author

Jaron Kurk, C. De Breuck, Bruno Altieri, Nina A. Hatch, Helmut Dannerbauer, Thomas R. Greve, Matt J. Jarvis, I. Valtchanov, D. Coia, George K. Miley, J. I. Rawlings, Daniel Stern, H. J. A. Röttgering, Alessandro Rettura, Pieter Barthel, Arjun Dey, Attila Kovács, Brigitte Rocca-Volmerange, L. Conversi, Martin Haas, J. S. Santos, Jason R. Stevens, Edo Ibar, Dominika Wylezalek, Audrey Galametz, Joel Vernet, Rob Ivison, Guillaume Drouart, Matt Lehnert, Mark Dickinson, Miguel Sánchez-Portal, Nick Seymour, Nicole P. H. Nesvadba, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Space Science & Technology Department, Rutheford Appleton Laboratory, XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole (KVL ), Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Royal Observatory Edinburgh (ROE), University of Edinburgh, Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, AUTRES, European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, and Universiteit Leiden [Leiden]

Subjects
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), SIMILAR-TO 2, Active galactic nucleus, H-ALPHA, Radio galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, K-Z RELATION, FOS: Physical sciences, SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, BULGE MASS RELATION, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, galaxies: high-redshift, ELLIPTIC GALAXIES, 0103 physical sciences, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES, Galaxy formation and evolution, galaxies: formation, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, galaxies: individual (MRC 1138-262), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, REDSHIFT RADIO GALAXIES, FAR-INFRARED PROPERTIES, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a detailed study of the infrared spectral energy distribution of the high-redshift radio galaxy MRC 1138-26 at z = 2.156, also known as the Spiderweb Galaxy. By combining photometry from Spitzer, Herschel and LABOCA we fit the rest-frame 5-300 um emission using a two component, starburst and active galactic nucleus (AGN), model. The total infrared (8 - 1000 um) luminosity of this galaxy is (1.97+/-0.28)x10^13 Lsun with (1.17+/-0.27) and (0.79+/-0.09)x10^13 Lsun due to the AGN and starburst components respectively. The high derived AGN accretion rate of \sim20% Eddington, and the measured star formation rate (SFR) of 1390pm150 Msun/yr, suggest that this massive system is in a special phase of rapid central black hole and host galaxy growth, likely caused by a gas rich merger in a dense environment. The accretion rate is sufficient to power both the jets and the previously observed large outflow. The high SFR and strong outflow suggest this galaxy could potentially exhaust its fuel for stellar growth in a few tens of Myr, although the likely merger of the radio galaxy with nearby satellites suggest bursts of star formation may recur again on time scales of several hundreds of Myr. The age of the radio lobes implies the jet started after the current burst of star formation, and therefore we are possibly witnessing the transition from a merger-induced starburst phase to a radio-loud AGN phase. We also note tentative evidence for [CII]158um emission. This paper marks the first results from the Herschel Galaxy Evolution Project (Project HeRGE), a systematic study of the evolutionary state of 71 high redshift, 1 < z < 5.2, radio galaxies., 11 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2016

13. First results on modeling of ITER infrared images

Author

Shin Kajita, M. Kocan, F. Le Guern, Marie-Hélène Aumeunier, J. P. Gunn, S.W. Lisgo, A. Sashala Naik, Fabrice Rigollet, T. Loarer, Roger Reichle, B. Stratton, A.S. Kukushkin, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Atomic Energy Research Institute [Budapest], Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire d'Interaction Laser Matière (LILM), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, ITER organization (ITER), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Diffraction, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Accuracy and precision, Pixel, Infrared, business.industry, Gaussian, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Tungsten, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Optics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics, business, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

15th International Conference on Plasma-Facing Materials and Components for Fusion Applications (PFMC), Aix en Provence, FRANCE, MAY, 2015; International audience; Infrared (IR) images of the ITER wide angle viewing system are modeled for the baseline plasma equilibrium and partially detached tungsten divertor, taking into account the three-dimensional structure of the first wall and the divertor. The modeling includes a comprehensive chain of calculations from the heat load specifications up to the synthetic, reflection-free IR images of the surface temperature, T-surf. The effect of the optical blur due to finite IR detector size and diffraction/aberrations-approximated by a Gaussian filter-on the measured T-surf is investigated. The optical blur characterized by sigma = 0.7 pixel (approximately twice the diffraction limit) leads to underestimation of T-surf,T-max on the inner vertical divertor target and near the upper X-point by < 6% and < 4%, respectively. This is within the required measurement accuracy of 10%. Larger underestimation of T-surf,T-max (< 12%) is observed on the outer vertical divertor target. The study demonstrates the importance of keeping the performance of the optical system as close as possible to the diffraction limit.

Published
2016

14. Self-assembled, nanostructured coatings for water oxidation by alternating deposition of Cu-branched peptide electrocatalysts and polyelectrolytes

Author

Robert Horvath, Wiesław Malinka, Bartosz Setner, Dávid Ferenc Srankó, Łukasz Szyrwiel, Zsolt Kerner, József S. Pap, Enikő Farkas, Zbigniew Szewczuk, Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Pannonia, University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Electrolysis, Materials science, 010405 organic chemistry, Nanoporous, Inorganic chemistry, General Chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, Electrocatalyst, 01 natural sciences, Polyelectrolyte, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Coating, law, engineering, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Polarization (electrochemistry), [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract

International audience; This work demonstrates the heterogenization of homogeneous water oxidation electrocatalysts in surface coatings produced by combining the substances with a suitable polyelectrolyte. The electrocatalysts i.e. Cu(ii)-branched peptide complexes involving a 2,3-l-diaminopropionic acid junction unit are heterogenized by building composite layers on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode surface. Alternating deposition of the peptide complexes and poly(l-lysine) or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) were carried out in the presence of phosphate in a pH range of 7.5-10.5. Discussion of the results is divided to (1) characteristics of composite layer buildup and (2) electrocatalytic water oxidation and accompanying changes of these layers. For (1), optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) has been applied to reveal the layer-by-layer formation of a Cu-ligand/polyelectrolyte/phosphate coating. The fabricated structures had a nanoporous topography (atomic force microscopy). As for (2), electrochemistry employing coated ITO substrates indicated improved water oxidation electrocatalysis vs. neat ITO and dependence of this improvement on the presence or absence of a histidine ligand in the deposited Cu(ii)-complexes equally, as observed in homogeneous systems. Electrochemical OWLS revealed changes in the coatings in operando, upon alternating positive-zero-positive etc. polarization: after some initial loss of the coating mass steady-state electrolysis was sustained by a compact and stable layer. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Cu remains in an N-donor ligand environment after electrolysis. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Published
2016

15. Recent advances in understanding ruthenium behaviour under air-ingress conditions during a PWR severe accident

Author

Tim Haste, R. Dickson, Yves Pontillon, G. Brillant, D. Ohai, J. Colombani, P. Giordano, Ari Auvinen, C. Mun, N. Davidovich, J. S. Lamy, Teemu Kärkelä, Martin Steinbrück, N. Vér, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority [Helsinki] (STUK), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL), Paul Scherrer Institut, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), EDF (EDF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Forschungzentrum Karlsruhe and University of Karlsruhe, Atomic Energy Research Institute [Budapest], Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), and Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)

Subjects
Complex transformations, Fuel oxidation, Research activities, Grafting (chemical), Nuclear engineering, Preliminary analysis, 02 engineering and technology, Containment vessels, Fission products, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ruthenium oxide, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Effect of temperature, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Gaseous species, Air ingress, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Severe accident, Waste Management and Disposal, Source terms, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Vaporization, Nuclear fuel, PWR, Oxides, Pressurized water reactors, Zircaloy cladding, Internal surfaces, Ruthenium, SARNET, Collaborative research, Small nuclear reactors, Synthesis (chemical), Solid particles, Competing effects, Transition metal compounds, Nuclear fission product, Full resolutions, 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Severe accidents, Decomposition rate, Thermal effects, Experimental observation, 0103 physical sciences, Hazardous materials, Superheated steam, Reactor containment, Ruthenium compounds, Pressurized water reactor, Pressurised water reactor, Nuclear reactor, Ruthenium tetroxide, Re-volatilization, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Nuclear reactor core, 13. Climate action, Accidents, Nuclear fuels, Radiotoxicity, Reactor circuit, Environmental science, Deposits, Experiments
Abstract

In a hypothetical severe accident in a Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR), Fission Products (FPs) can be released from the overheated nuclear fuel and partially transported by gases, composed of a mixture of superheated steam and hydrogen, to the reactor containment. Subsequent air ingress into a damaged reactor core may lead to enhanced fuel oxidation, affecting some FP release, especially that of ruthenium. Ruthenium is of particular interest because of its high radiotoxicity and its ability to form very volatile oxides. In the reactor containment, such volatile forms are very hazardous as they are much less efficiently trapped than particulate forms by emergency filtered venting. In the four and a half years of SARNET, collaborative research dedicated to the "ruthenium story" has been performed by several partners. This paper presents the main achievements over the whole project period. Starting from experimental observations showing that fuel could be extensively oxidised by air to, and that a significant fraction of ruthenium inventory can be released, rather satisfactory models have been developed. In addition, the effect of the air interaction with Zircaloy cladding, as well as with UO2 itself, has been studied. Experiments on the complex transformations of ruthenium oxides upon cooling through the reactor circuit have been performed. An unexpectedly large effect of temperature on the decomposition rate of gaseous ruthenium compounds has been found, as well as effects of the nature of circuit internal surfaces and other FP deposits. So it has been highlighted that various forms of ruthenium can reach the containment, but the most probable gaseous species under these conditions is ruthenium tetroxide. Preliminary analysis of ruthenium transport supports these conclusions. Experiments and analysis have also been launched on the radio-chemical reactions undergone by these ruthenium oxides in the reactor containment. Competing effects of gaseous decomposition to solid particles and re-volatilization from these ruthenium deposits have been demonstrated and modelled. The paper concludes by identifying the remaining work needed to achieve full resolution of the ruthenium source term issue. Recommendations are made for future research activities in the follow-up programme SARNET2. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2010

16. Progress on ruthenium release and transport under air ingress conditions

Author

Mirea Mladin, G. Brillant, C. Seropian, N. Davidovich, Ari Auvinen, G. Ducros, P. Giordano, Y. Dutheillet, N. Vér, Ray Dickson, Michail Kunstar, Teemu Kärkelä, Yves Pontillon, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF), Atomic Energy Research Institute [Budapest], Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), and Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear fission product, Fuel oxidation, Work package, 020209 energy, Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Fission products, Experimental database, Oxidizing conditions, Thermal-hydraulic conditions, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ruthenium, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Isotopes, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Forensic engineering, General Materials Science, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Severe accident, Waste Management and Disposal, Scenario studies, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Accidents, Work packages, Environmental science, Essential boundary conditions
Abstract

A particular concern in the event of a hypothetical severe accident is the potential release of highly radiotoxic fission product (FP) isotopes of ruthenium. The highest risk for a large quantity of these isotopes to reach the containment arises from air ingress following vessel melt-through. One work package (WP) of the source term topic of the EU 6th Framework Network of Excellence project SARNET is producing and synthesizing information on ruthenium release and transport with the aim of validating or improving the corresponding modelling in the European ASTEC severe accident analysis code. The WP includes reactor scenario studies that can be used to define conditions for new experiments.The experimental database currently being reviewed includes the following programmes:• AECL experiments conducted on fission product release in air; results are relevant to CANDU loss of end-fitting accidents;• VERCORS tests on FP release and transport conducted by CEA in collaboration with IRSN and EDF; additional tests may potentially be conducted in more oxidizing conditions in the VERDON facility;• RUSET tests by AEKI investigating ruthenium transport with and without other FP simulants;• Experiments by VTT on ruthenium transport and speciation in highly oxidizing conditions.In addition to the above, at IRSN and at ENEA modelling of fission product release and of fuel oxidation is being pursued, the latter being an essential boundary condition influencing ruthenium release.Reactor scenario studies have been carried out at INR, EDF and IRSN: calculations of air ingress scenarios with respectively ICARE/CATHARE V2; SATURNE-MAAP; and ASTEC codes provided first insights of thermal-hydraulic conditions that the fuel may experience after lower head vessel failure.This paper summarizes the status of this work and plans for the future.

Published
2008

17. Reversed texture in nanometric carbon/boron nitride multilayers

Author

Ignacio A. Jiménez, Ricardo Torres, Nathalie Brun, G. Radnóczic, Virginie Serin, Ignacio Caretti, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Sub-layers, Materials science, Carbon and borons, chemistry.chemical_element, Nitrides, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bilayer thickness, Stack (abstract data type), General Materials Science, Texture (crystalline), Boron, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Bilayer, Nitrogen ions, Textures, General Chemistry, Nitrogen, Evaporation (deposition), Carbon, Boron nitride, Crystallography, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Multilayers, Basal planes, Turbostratic, Growth directions, Nanometrics
Abstract

A structure-controlled series of carbon/boron nitride multilayers, with bilayer thicknesses from 1.25 to 160 nm has been grown by sequential evaporation of carbon and boron assisted with nitrogen ions. The minimum bilayer thickness for a stable stack is 2.9 nm. A turbostratic texture of the carbon and BN phases is evidenced even for small periods of the bilayers. Interestingly, BN and C basal planes of adjacent sub-layers exhibit perpendicular alignment between them: along the growth direction for h-BN rich layers, and parallel to the surface for the C rich ones. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., We acknowledge financial support from Spanish projectsCSD2008-0023, MAT2010-21070-C02-02, CSIC-PIE-201160E106, and EU contract FOREMOST (IP-FP6-515840).

Published
2014

18. BOOSTER: Development of a toolbox for triage of large group of individuals exposed to radioactive material

Author

Vincent Schoepff, Istvan Alamsi, Khalil Amgarou, Frank Becker, Frederick Carrel, Federico Carvajal, David C. Gaboriau, Mehdi Gmar, Andras Kovacs, Hermine Lemaire, Nabil Menaa, Luc Morat, Ciaran G. Morrison, Israel Perez-llopis, Wolfgang Raskob, Sandor Szabo, Eva Szeles, Isabelle Testard, Dmytro Trybushnyi, Nicolas Ugolin, Muriel Viau, Arpad Vincze, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), CANBERRA France, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), European Project: 242361,EC:FP7:SEC,FP7-SEC-2009-1,BOOSTER(2010), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
radioactive material, integrated system, Sensors, radioactive sources, Crisis management, Radiation effects, Biodosimetry, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Cameras, Command and control systems, Nuclear accident, Contamination, radiological situation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Triage, Radiological attack, Pollution measurement, Software
Abstract

Conference of 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications, ANIMMA 2013 ; Conference Code:102802; International audience; The effective management of an event involving the exposure of a large number of people to radioactive material requires a mechanism for fast triage of exposed people. BOOSTER is a project founded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme, addressing this requirement. It is a capability project designed to provide an integrated system which could easily be deployed and used. For this purpose, the BOOSTER consortium, relying on the expertise of seven members, researches and develops new approaches to allow an effective and fast management of most kind of nuclear threats. BOOSTER System was designed to help first responders mitigating the crisis by providing the necessary information to quickly assess the radiological situation, to support triage staff in performing an efficient and fast categorization of the potentially affected victims, and to give medical staff crucial information for further treatment at medium or long term post-accident.

Published
2013

19. Cold dust in giant barred galaxy NGC1365

Author

Francoise Combes, Rolf Güsten, Carsten Henkel, Rainer Beck, Axel Weiß, Karl M. Menten, Attila Kovács, Fatemeh Tabatabaei, Institut für Physik (Institut für Physik), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Division for Submm Technologies, Universität Potsdam, and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Metallicity, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Luminosity, Barred spiral galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Mass concentration (chemistry), Spectral energy distribution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bar (unit), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations of galaxies at sub-millimeter wavelengths, where the emission is mainly due to cold dust, are required to constrain the dust physical properties and provide important insight on the gas content of galaxies. We mapped NGC1365 at 870um with LABOCA, the Large APEX Bolometer Camera, allowing us to probe the central mass concentration as well as the rate at which the gas flows to the center. We obtained the dust physical properties both globally and locally for different locations in the galaxy. A 20 K modified black body represents about 98% of the total dust content of the galaxy, the rest can be represented by a warmer dust component of 40 K. The bar exhibits an east-west asymmetry in the dust distribution: The eastern bar is heavier than the western bar by more than a factor of 4. Integrating the dust SED, we derive a total infrared (IR) luminosity of 9.8 x 10^{10} L_{\odot} leading to a dust-enshrouded star formation rate of ~16.7 M_{\odot} per year in NGC1365. We derive the gas mass from the measurements of the dust emission resulting in a CO-to-H2 conversion factor of X_{CO}~1.2x10^{20} mol cm^{-2} (K km s^{-1})^{-1} in the central disk including the bar. Taking into account the metallicity variation, the central gas mass concentration is only ~20% at R, 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomy & Astrophysics Journal

Published
2013

20. 5,000 years old Egyptian iron beads made from hammered meteoritic iron

Author

Thilo Rehren, Zsolt Kasztovszky, Gianluca Miniaci, György Káli, Zoltán Szőkefalvi-Nagy, Vincent C. Pigott, Albert Jambon, Marcos Martinón-Torres, Imre Kovács, Tamás Belgya, Miljana Radivojević, László Szentmiklósi, László Rosta, Boglárka Maróti, Zoltán Kis, Institute of archaeology (UCL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Data Management, Eo¨tvo¨s Lora'nd Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), and UCL - Institute of Archaeology

Subjects
History, Archeology, Alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, Precious metal, engineering.material, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Carnelian, Neutron methods, 0601 history and archaeology, Bronze, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Meteoritic iron, 060102 archaeology, Metallurgy, Necklace, 06 humanities and the arts, Copper, 0104 chemical sciences, Archaeology, chemistry, Smelting, engineering, Egypt, Beads, Lapis lazuli, X-ray methods, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

The earliest known iron artefacts are nine small beads securely dated to circa 3200 BC, from two burials in Gerzeh, northern Egypt. We show that these beads were made from meteoritic iron, and shaped by careful hammering the metal into thin sheets before rolling them into tubes. The study demonstrates the ability of neutron and X-ray methods to determine the nature of the material even after complete corrosion of the iron metal. The iron beads were strung into a necklace together with other exotic minerals such as lapis lazuli, gold and carnelian, revealing the status of meteoritic iron as a special material on a par with precious metal and gem stones. The results confirm that already in the fourth millennium BC metalworkers had mastered the smithing of meteoritic iron, an iron–nickel alloy much harder and more brittle than the more commonly worked copper. This is of wider significance as it demonstrates that metalworkers had already nearly two millennia of experience to hot-work meteoritic iron when iron smelting was introduced. This knowledge was essential for the development of iron smelting, which produced metal in a solid state process and hence depended on this ability in order to replace copper and bronze as the main utilitarian metals.

Published
2013

21. Main Results of phase IV BEMUSE project: Simulation of LBLOCA in an NPP

Author

Francesc Reventos, I. Toth, Annalisa Manera, A. Del Nevo, Francesco Saverio D'Auria, H. Glaeser, T. Skorek, M. Perez, J. Joucla, Alessandro Petruzzi, A. Ui, S Borisov, P. Bazin, R. Pernica, Bub Dong Chung, L. Batet, Pierre Probst, R. Pericas, A. de Crécy, M. Kyncl, P. Germain, Deog-Yeon Oh, Technical University of Catalonia [Barcelona] (UPC), Atomic Energy Research Institute [Budapest], Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute [Daejeon, south Korea] (KAERI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), and University of Pisa - Università di Pisa

Subjects
Engineering, Operations research, Article Subject, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Phase (combat), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Uncertainty method, CIAU, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sensitivity (control systems), Uncertainty analysis, propagation of output errors, [PHYS]Physics [physics], BEMUSE, business.industry, BEMUSE, LOFT, Uncertainty, CIAU, Uncertainty method, propagation of output errors, Uncertainty, LOFT, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Accident management, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, business, lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract

Phase IV of BEMUSE Program is a necessary step for a subsequent uncertainty analysis. It includes the simulation of the reference scenario and a sensitivity study. The scenario is a LBLOCA and the reference plant is Zion 1 NPP, a 4 loop PWR unit. Thirteen participants coming from ten different countries have taken part in the exercise. The BEMUSE (Best Estimate Methods plus Uncertainty and Sensitivity Evaluation) Program has been promoted by the Working Group on Accident Management and Analysis (WGAMA) and endorsed by the Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI). The paper presents the results of the calculations performed by participants and emphasizes its usefulness for future uncertainty evaluation, to be performed in next phase. The objectives of the activity are basically to simulate the LBLOCA reproducing the phenomena associated to the scenario and also to build a common, well-known, basis for the future comparison of uncertainty evaluation results among different methodologies and codes. The sensitivity calculations performed by participants are also presented. They allow studying the influence of different parameters such as material properties or initial and boundary conditions, upon the behaviour of the most relevant parameters related to the scenario. © 2010 M. Pérez et al.

Published
2010

22. Numerical analyses of an ex-core fuel incident:Results of the OECD-IAEA Paks Fuel Project

Author

Yu.A. Zvonarev, Istvan Toth, Attila Aszódi, C. Vitanza, Gy. Hegyi, I. Trosztel, P. Junninen, V.L. Kobzar, Y Makihara, G.L. Horvath, Zoltán Hózer, M. Fogel, K. Trambauer, P Matejovic, J. Verpoorten, K.C. Wagner, Gábor Légrádi, V. Guillard, K. Pietarinen, N. Tricot, Ildiko´ Boros, E. Perez-Feró, A. Voltchek, A. Molnár, E. Slonszki, Imre Nagy, L. Perneczky, Cs. Győri, M. Barnak, Atomic Energy Research Institute [Budapest], Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Budapest University of Technology and Economics [Budapest] (BME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), The Organisation for Economic Coopération and Development (OECD), Sandia National Laboratories [Albuquerque] (SNL), and Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation

Subjects
Engineering, Hydrogen, Nuclear engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Numerical simulation, Fission products, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Rod, Accident conditions, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Degradation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Waste Management and Disposal, Measured data, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Waste management, Maximum temperature, Computer simulation, Inlet flow, Core (optical fiber), Numerical analysis, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fuel rods, Fuel assembly, 020209 energy, Zirconium oxidation, Flow (psychology), chemistry.chemical_element, Fuels, Thermal hydraulics, Cooling conditions, Thermal-hydraulic calculations, 0103 physical sciences, Oxidation, Zirconium, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Inlet flow rate, Fuel failure, Degradation mechanism, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Code calculations, business
Abstract

The OECD-IAEA Paks Fuel Project was developed to support the understanding of fuel behaviour in accident conditions on the basis of analyses of the Paks-2 incident. Numerical simulation of the most relevant aspects of the event and comparison of the calculation results with the available data from the incident was carried out between 2006 and 2007. A database was compiled to provide input for the code calculations. The activities covered the following three areas: (a) Thermal hydraulic calculations described the cooling conditions possibly established during the incident. (b) Simulation of fuel behaviour described the oxidation and degradation mechanisms of the fuel assemblies. (c) The release of fission products from the failed fuel rods was estimated and compared to available measured data. The applied used codes captured the most important events of the Paks-2 incident and the calculated results improved the understanding of the causes and mechanisms of fuel failure. The numerical analyses showed that the by-pass flow leading to insufficient cooling amounted to 75-90% of the inlet flow rate, the maximum temperature in the tank was between 1200 and 1400 °C, the degree of zirconium oxidation reached 4-12% and the mass of produced hydrogen was between 3 and 13 kg. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2010

23. Characterization by Mössbauer spectroscopy of trimetallic Pd–Sn–Au/Al2O3 and Pd–Sn–Au/SiO2 catalysts for denitration of drinking water

Author

Anthony Garron, Károly Lázár, Florence Epron, Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés, R 5265 (C2P2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Catalyst support, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 010402 general chemistry, Heterogeneous catalysis, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Transition metal, 13. Climate action, Tin, Selectivity, Bimetallic strip, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Palladium
Abstract

The reduction of nitrate using a catalytic process is one of the most interesting ways to solve the problem of drinking water pollution by this compound. The key parameter of this technique is the selectivity toward nitrogen formation. Palladium/tin-based bimetallic catalysts are well suited for this purpose, but the selectivity of these catalysts is not high enough for a direct application of this process. In the present study, alumina- and silica-supported catalysts were prepared by successive deposition of tin and gold onto palladium particles by using controlled surface reaction. The characterization of trimetallic Pd–Sn–Au catalyst evidenced that trimetallic catalysts supported on silica present a palladium/tin/gold phase. The catalytic test showed that this type of catalyst is very active and selective in nitrate and nitrite reduction. Moreover, the addition of gold improves the stability and the selectivity toward nitrogen formation of the catalyst compared to the parent Pd–Sn catalyst.

Published
2006

24. STM and STS investigation of few wall carbon nanotubes containing non-hexagonal carbon rings

Author

Levente Tapasztó, József Gyulai, Géza I. Márk, Zoltán Osváth, László P. Biró, Laurent Fulcheri, Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), CEP/Sophia, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Research Institute for technicals physics and materials science - Hungary, and Nanostructures Laboratory

Subjects
Nanotube, Materials science, Band gap, Scanning tunneling spectroscopy, STM, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, STS, law.invention, Topological defect, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum tunnelling, Bend junction, business.industry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, chemistry, Scanning tunneling microscope, 0210 nano-technology, business, Carbon
Abstract

International audience; We performed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements on few wall carbon nanotubes that exhibited changing diameter. Such change in the diameter may occur if non-hexagonal carbon ring configurations are introduced in the nanotube walls. A few-walled nanotube knee of 4 degrees, with different diameter values on the two sides of the knee was imaged by STM. Theoretical model structures [J. Han et al., Phys. Rev. B 57 (1998) 14983] of single wall carbon nanotubes show that a bend of 4° may occur when a pentagonal and a heptagonal carbon ring is incorporated side by side in the hexagonal nanotube structure (i.e. "fused defect"). Scanning tunneling spectroscopic (STS) measurements show that additional electronic states are present in the energy gap in the region where the bend occurs. We also performed STS measurements on a single-wall nanotube with a conical tip. In agreement with theory, the results show that the energy gap in the tapered end is larger than in the nanotube

Published
2003

25. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author

Kallenbach, A., Aguiam, D., Aho-Mantila, L., Angioni, C., Arden, N., Parra, R. Arredondo, Asunta, O., Baar, M., Balden, M., Behler, K., Bergmann, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Beurskens, M., Biancalani, A., Bilato, R., Birkenmeier, G., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Bogomolov, A., Bolzonella, T., Boswirth, B., Bottereau, C., Bottino, A., Brand, H., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Bruhn, C., Buchanan, J., Buhler, A., Burckhart, A., Cambon-Silva, D., Camenen, Y., Carvalho, P., Carrasco, G., Cazzaniga, C., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Casali, L., Castaldo, C., Cavedon, M., Challis, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, I., Clairet, F., Classen, I., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Colas, L., Conway, G., Costea, S., Coster, D. P., Croci, G., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., D Arcangelo, O., Day, C., Delogu, R., Marne, P., Denk, S., Denner, P., Dibon, M., D Inca, R., Di Siena, A., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Drube, R., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Eich, T., Elgeti, S., Engelhardt, K., Erdos, B., Erofeev, I., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fantz, U., Faugel, H., Felici, F., Fietz, S., Figueredo, A., Fischer, R., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L., Freethy, S., Froschle, M., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, J. C., Funfgelder, H., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Cianfarani, C., Giannone, L., Giovannozzi, E., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Gloggler, S., Gobbin, M., Gorler, T., Goodman, T., Gorini, G., Gradic, D., Grater, A., Granucci, G., Greuner, H., Griener, M., Groth, M., Gude, A., Gunter, S., Guimarais, L., Haas, G., Hakola, A. H., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Hatch, D., Hauer, V., Hayward, T., Heinemann, B., Heinzel, S., Hellsten, T., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Herrmann, A., Heyn, E., Hitzler, F., Hobirk, J., Holzl, M., Hoschen, T., Holm, J. H., Hopf, C., Hoppe, F., Horvath, L., Houben, A., Huber, A., Igochine, V., Ilkei, T., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacob, W., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquot, J., Janky, F., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Joffrin, E., Kasemann, C., Kalvin, S., Kantor, M., Kappatou, A., Kardaun, O., Karhunen, J., Kasilov, S., Kernbichler, W., Kim, D., Kimmig, S., Kirk, A., Klingshirn, H. -J, Koch, F., Kocsis, G., Kohn, A., Kraus, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kramer-Flecken, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Lackner, K., Laggner, F., Lang, P. T., Lauber, P., Lazanyi, N., Lazaros, A., Lebschy, A., Li, L., Li, M., Liang, Y., Lipschultz, B., Liu, Y., Lohs, A., Luhmann, N. C., Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Madsen, J., Maier, H., Maj, O., Mailloux, J., Maljaars, E., Manas, P., Mancini, A., Manhard, A., Manso, M. -E, Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Martens, C., Martin Oberkofler, Marrelli, L., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Mayer, A., Mayer, M., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcdermott, R., Meisl, G., Meister, H., Medvedeva, A., Merkel, P., Merkel, R., Merle, A., Mertens, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Meyer, H., Meyer, O., Miettunen, J., Milanesio, D., Mink, F., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Moon, C., Nazikian, R., Nemes-Czopf, A., Neu, G., Neu, R., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Noterdaeme, J. -M, Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrcil, T., Olsen, J., Orain, F., Palermo, F., Papp, G., Perez, I. Paradela, Pautasso, G., Enzel, F., Petersson, P., Pinzon, J., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Plaum, B., Plockl, B., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Prisiazhniuk, D., Putterich, T., Ramisch, M., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, J., Raupp, G., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimold, F., Ribeiro, T., Riedl, R., Rittich, D., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Ross, A., Rott, M., Rubel, M., Ryan, D., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, G., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schmitz, O., Schneider, P. A., Schneller, M., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schwarz-Selinger, T., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Sehmer, T., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shao, L., Sharapov, S., Siccinio, M., Sieglin, B., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simon, P., Simpson, J., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stejner, M., Stober, J., Stobbe, F., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suarez, G., Sugiyama, K., Sun, H. -J, Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Terranova, D., Tierens, W., Told, D., Tudisco, O., Trevisan, G., Treutterer, W., Trier, E., Tripsky, M., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Vanovac, B., Varela, P., Varoutis, S., Verdoolaege, G., Vezinet, D., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Vierle, T., Viezzer, E., Toussaint, U., Wagner, D., Wang, N., Wang, X., Weidl, M., Weiland, M., White, A. E., Willensdorfer, M., Wiringer, B., Wischmeier, M., Wolf, R., Wolfrum, E., Xiang, L., Yang, Q., Yang, Z., Yu, Q., Zagorski, R., Zammuto, I., Zarzoso, D., Zhang, W., Zeeland, M., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., Zoletnik, S., Zohm, H., Team, Asdex Upgrade, Team, Eurofusion Mst, Institute of Forest Botany, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institute of Applied Physics (IFA - CSIC), GRIDSEN, IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut für Geophysik [Clausthal-Zellerfeld], Technische Universität Clausthal (TU Clausthal), Association EURATOM-ÖAW, University of Innsbruck, Institut für Plasmaforschung [Stuttgart] (IPF), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR (IPP PRAGUE), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] (UMASS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino and INFN (DF_TORINO), Dipartimento di Fisica infi & Università di Torino, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for World Forestry, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Sygen International Plc, Genus Plc, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik [Kiel] (IEAP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Experimental Medical Science, AUTRES, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Atomic Energy Research Institute [Budapest], Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy, affiliation inconnue, Department of Radiology, St. James's Hospital, Dept of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Database group, Computer Science and engeenering Department [San Diego] (DB CSE UCSD), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, F. Hoffmann-La RocheAG, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institute of Applied Physics ( IFA - CSIC ), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ( IST ), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation ( IMEP-LAHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] ( IBCP ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Laboratoire de Science et Génie des Matériaux et de Métallurgie ( LSG2M ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine ( INPL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Department of Information Technology ( INTEC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Institut fur Geophysical, IPF, Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR ( IPP PRAGUE ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] ( UMASS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino and INFN ( DF_TORINO ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes ( InESS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux ( LSPM ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes ( IBMP ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), IEAP, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel ( CAU ), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), J. W. Goethe-University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand ( LPC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), university college cork, University College Cork ( UCC ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Database group, Computer Science and engeenering Department [San Diego] ( DB CSE UCSD ), University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), Aguiam, D, Aho-Mantila, L, Angioni, C, Arden, N, Parra, R, Asunta, O, Debaar, M, Balden, M, Behler, K, Bergmann, A, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Beurskens, M, Biancalani, A, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Bogomolov, A, Bolzonella, T, Boeswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Van den Brand, H, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Bruhn, C, Buchanan, J, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Cambon-Silva, D, Camenen, Y, Carvalho, P, Carrasco, G, Cazzaniga, C, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Casali, L, Castaldo, C, Cavedon, M, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Clairet, F, Classen, I, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Croci, G, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, D'Arcangelo, O, Day, C, Delogu, R, de Marne, P, Denk, S, Denner, P, Dibon, M, D'Inca, R, Disiena, A, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Engelhardt, K, Erdos, B, Erofeev, I, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fantz, U, Faugel, H, Felici, F, Fietz, S, Figueredo, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Freethy, S, Froeschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, J, Fuenfgelder, H, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Gallo, A, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Cianfarani, C, Giannone, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gleason-Gonzalez, C, Gloeggler, S, Gobbin, M, Goerler, T, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gradic, D, Graeter, A, Granucci, G, Greuner, H, Griener, M, Groth, M, Gude, A, Guenter, S, Guimarais, L, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Hatch, D, Hauer, V, Hayward, T, Heinemann, B, Heinzel, S, Hellsten, T, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, E, Hitzler, F, Hobirk, J, Hoelzl, M, Hoeschen, T, Holm, J, Hopf, C, Hoppe, F, Horvath, L, Houben, A, Huber, A, Igochine, V, Ilkei, T, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacob, W, Jacobsen, A, Jacquot, J, Janky, F, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Kaesemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kasilov, S, Kernbichler, W, Kim, D, Kimmig, S, Kirk, A, Klingshirn, H, Koch, F, Kocsis, G, Koehn, A, Kraus, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kraemr-Flecken, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Lazanyi, N, Lazaros, A, Lebschy, A, Li, L, Li, M, Liang, Y, Lipschultz, B, Liu, Y, Lohs, A, Luhmann, N, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Madsen, J, Maier, H, Maj, O, Mailloux, J, Maljaars, E, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Martens, C, Martin, P, Marrelli, L, Martitsch, A, Mastrostefano, S, Mayer, A, Mayer, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Meisl, G, Meister, H, Medvedeva, A, Merkel, P, Merkel, R, Merle, A, Mertens, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Meyer, H, Meyer, O, Miettunen, J, Milanesio, D, Mink, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Moon, C, Nazikian, R, Nemes-Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Ochoukov, R, Odstrcil, T, Olsen, J, Orain, F, Palermo, F, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Pautasso, G, Enzel, F, Petersson, P, Pinzon, J, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plaum, B, Ploeckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Porte, L, Potzel, S, Prisiazhniuk, D, Puetterich, T, Ramisch, M, Rapson, C, Rasmussen, J, Raupp, G, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Rittich, D, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Ross, A, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryan, D, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, G, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schneller, M, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sehmer, T, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Shao, L, Sharapov, S, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Simon, P, Simpson, J, Snicker, A, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Stobbe, F, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suarez, G, Sugiyama, K, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Tierens, W, Told, D, Tudisco, O, Trevisan, G, Treutterer, W, Trier, E, Tripsky, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Vanovac, B, Varela, P, Varoutis, S, Verdoolaege, G, Vezinet, D, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, von Toussaint, U, Wagner, D, Wang, N, Wang, X, Weidl, M, Weil, White, A, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Xiang, L, Yang, Q, Yang, Z, Yu, Q, Zagorski, R, Zammuto, I, Zarzoso, D, Zhang, W, van Zeeland, M, Zehetbauer, T, Zilker, M, Zoletnik, S, Zohm, H, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), York Plasma Institute (YPI), University of York [York, UK], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Institute of Atomic Physics, Université de Roumanie, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), FOM Institute DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, The Netherlands, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), University College Cork (UCC), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (KFKI-RMKI), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Univ California San Diego] (MAE - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), General Atomics [San Diego], Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas ( LPP ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Observatoire de Paris-École polytechnique ( X ) -Sorbonne Universités-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), York Plasma Institute ( YPI ), Culham Science Centre, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, IST, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Max Planck Society, Department of Applied Physics, TEC, JET EFDA, Culham Sci Ctr, Technische Universität München, Consorzio RFX, IRFM, Assoc EURATOM FZJ, Euratom, Julich Research Center, Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, University of Lorraine, ENEA, Istituto Fisica del Plasma 'Piero Caldirola' (IFP-CNR), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Innsbruck Medical University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IFPiLM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Swedish Research Council (VR), General Atomics & Affiliated Companies, University of Sevilla, University of Texas at Austin, Max Planck Comp & Data Facil, Ecole Polytechnique, Hochschule der Medien, Technical University of Denmark, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of California at Santa Barbara, School services, SCI, LPP-ERM/KMS EURATOM Association, Vienna University of Technology, Assoc EURATOM Hellen Republ, NCSR Demokritos, IPP, York University, CCFE Fusion Assoc, BSC, Univ Coll Cork UCC, Princeton University, Ghent University, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Natl Astron Observ, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Univ Aix Marseille 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Aix-Marseille, Universite de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, UMR 6098, CNRS, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, White, Anne E., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arslanbekov, R, Atanasiu, C, Becker, G, Becker, W, Behringer, K, Bolshukhin, D, Borrass, K, Brambilla, M, Braun, F, Carlson, A, Egorov, S, Fahrbach, H, Finken, K, Foley, M, Franzen, P, Gafert, J, Fournier, K, Gantenbein, G, Gehre, O, Geier, A, Gernhardt, J, Gruber, O, Gunter, S, Hartmann, D, Heger, B, Hofmeister, F, Hohenocker, H, Horton, L, Jacchia, A, Jakobi, M, Kaufmann, M, Keller, A, Kendl, A, Kim, J, Kirov, K, Kochergov, R, Kollotzek, H, Kraus, W, Lasnier, C, Laux, M, Leonard, A, Leuterer, F, Lorenz, A, Lorenzini, R, Maggi, C, Mank, K, Martines, E, Mast, K, Meisel, D, Meo, F, Merkl, D, Muck, A, Muller, H, Munich, M, Murmann, H, Na, Y, Neuhauser, J, Nguyen, F, Nishijima, D, Nishimura, Y, Nunes, I, Peeters, A, Pereverzev, G, Pinches, S, Proschek, M, Pugno, R, Quigley, E, Roth, J, Sandmann, W, Savtchkov, A, Schade, S, Schilling, H, Schneider, W, Schramm, G, Schwarz, E, Schweizer, S, Seidel, U, Serra, F, Sesnic, S, Sihler, C, Sips, A, Speth, E, Stabler, A, Steuer, K, Streibl, B, Tabasso, A, Tanga, A, Tichmann, C, Troppmann, M, Urano, H, Vollmer, O, Wenzel, U, Wesner, F, Westerhof, E, Wursching, E, Yoon, S, Zasche, D, Zehrfeld, H, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, EUROfusion MST1 Team, Adamek, J, Aho Mantila, L, Akaslompolo, S, Amdor, C, Bardin, S, Orte, L, Belonohy, E, Boom, J, Brochard, T, Bruedgam, M, Casson, F, Curran, D, da Silva, F, Eixenberger, H, Endstrasser, N, Gal, K, Munoz, M, da Graca, S, Hangan, D, Haertl, T, Hauff, T, Hoehnle, H, Ionita, C, Janzer, A, Kasparek, W, Kocan, M, Konz, C, Koslowski, R, Kubic, M, Kurki Suonio, T, Leipold, F, Lindig, S, Lisgo, S, Makkonen, T, Mehlmann, F, Menchero, L, Merz, F, Mueller, S, Mueller, H, Muenich, M, Neuwirth, D, Nold, B, Podoba, Y, Pompon, F, Polozhiy, K, Pueschel, M, Rathgeber, S, Rooij, G, Sauter, P, Sempf, M, Sommer, F, Staebler, A, Teschke, M, Tsalas, M, Van Zeeland, M, Veres, G, Viola, B, Vorpahl, C, Wachowski, M, Wauters, T, Weller, A, Wenninger, R, Wieland, B, Wuersching, E, Zhang, Y, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Max Planck IPP-EURATOM Assoziation, Universidade de Lisboa, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Technical University of Munich, IRFM-CEA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Université de Lorraine, and École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Energies [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 114 Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Electron cyclotron resonance, H-MODE DISCHARGES, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ASDEX Upgrade, overview, ASDEX Upgrade, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, Fusió nuclear, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 010306 general physics, tokamak, DEMO, tokamak physic, Fusion reactions, nuclear fusion, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, [ SPI.GPROC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, ___, Plasma parameter, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, tokamak physics
Abstract

The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. Since 2015, AUG is equipped with a new pair of 3-strap ICRF antennas, which were designed for a reduction of tungsten release during ICRF operation. As predicted, a factor two reduction on the ICRF-induced W plasma content could be achieved by the reduction of the sheath voltage at the antenna limiters via the compensation of the image currents of the central and side straps in the antenna frame. There are two main operational scenario lines in AUG. Experiments with low collisionality, which comprise current drive, ELM mitigation/suppression and fast ion physics, are mainly done with freshly boronized walls to reduce the tungsten influx at these high edge temperature conditions. Full ELM suppression and non-inductive operation up to a plasma current of I p = 0.8 MA could be obtained at low plasma density. Plasma exhaust is studied under conditions of high neutral divertor pressure and separatrix electron density, where a fresh boronization is not required. Substantial progress could be achieved for the understanding of the confinement degradation by strong D puffing and the improvement with nitrogen or carbon seeding. Inward/outward shifts of the electron density profile relative to the temperature profile effect the edge stability via the pressure profile changes and lead to improved/decreased pedestal performance. Seeding and D gas puffing are found to effect the core fueling via changes in a region of high density on the high field side (HFSHD). The integration of all above mentioned operational scenarios will be feasible and naturally obtained in a large device where the edge is more opaque for neutrals and higher plasma temperatures provide a lower collisionality. The combination of exhaust control with pellet fueling has been successfully demonstrated. High divertor enrichment values of nitrogen E N ⩾ 10 have been obtained during pellet injection, which is a prerequisite for the simultaneous achievement of good core plasma purity and high divertor radiation levels. Impurity accumulation observed in the all-metal AUG device caused by the strong neoclassical inward transport of tungsten in the pedestal is expected to be relieved by the higher neoclassical temperature screening in larger devices.

26. Review of Euratom projects on design, safety assessment, R&D and licensing for ESNII/Gen-IV fast neutron systems

Author

Konstantin Mikityuk, Akos Horvath, Massimo Forni, N. Girault, Jan Leen Kloosterman, Luca Ammirabile, Jacek Jagielski, Alfredo Vasile, Mariano Tarantino, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), JRC Institute for Energy and Transport (IET), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Petten], Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), National Center for Nuclear Research [Warsaw] (NCBJ), National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre for Energy Research [Budapest] (MTAE), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Aerospace Structures and Materials [Delft], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), and Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Engineering, business.industry, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TK9001-9401, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Systems engineering, Key (cryptography), lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Neutron, business
Abstract

International audience; Nine Euratom projects started since late 2011 in support of the infrastructure and R&D of the seven fast reactor systems are briefly presented in the paper in terms of key objectives, results and recommendations.

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