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1. Conveni entre l' Ajuntament de Barcelona i el Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals per a la col·laboració en el desplegament del Pla Natura Barcelona 2030 : addenda [2023]

Author: Ajuntament de Barcelona, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Ajuntament de Barcelona, and Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF)
Published: 2023

2. Seguiment de caixes niu per a ocells insectívors i refugis de ratpenats a la ciutat de Barcelona : control biològic contra la processionària del pi (Thaumetopoea pityocampa)

Author: Parcs i Jardins de Barcelona, Institut Municipal, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Institut Català d'Ornitologia, Pérez-Ruiz, Natàlia, Solé Vilella, Raül, Parcs i Jardins de Barcelona, Institut Municipal, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Institut Català d'Ornitologia, Pérez-Ruiz, Natàlia, and Solé Vilella, Raül
Published: 2023

3. Conveni entre l'Ajuntament de Barcelona i el Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals per a la col·laboració en el desplegament del Pla Natura Barcelona 2030

Author: Regidoria d’Emergència Climàtica i Transició Ecològica, Gerència d'Àrea d'Ecologia Urbana, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Regidoria d’Emergència Climàtica i Transició Ecològica, Gerència d'Àrea d'Ecologia Urbana, and Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF)
Published: 2022

4. El clima i la producció d’olives a la Catalunya seca: el cas de Cabacés (el Priorat)

Author: Joan A. López-Bustins; Grup de Climatologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Eduard Pla; Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Diana Pascual; Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Javier Retana; Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Robert Savé; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Joan A. López-Bustins; Grup de Climatologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Eduard Pla; Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Diana Pascual; Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Javier Retana; Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), and Robert Savé; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)
Abstract: En un context de canvi climàtic cal estudiar les vulnerabilitats del territori a escala local. En aquest treball s’analitza la producció d’oli de qualitat en un indret de la Catalunya seca, Cabacés (el Priorat), i es posa en relació amb la variabilitat climàtica. Els resultats mostren que el clima té una influència important en la producció d’olives, sobretot les temperatures màximes del mes d’abril i les precipitacions del mes més sec, juliol. S’obté un model de regressió múltiple a partir d’aquestes dues variables climàtiques més influents en la producció. No obstant això, els valors del model s’allunyen dels reals a partir de l’any 2003 a causa d’un creixement molt elevat de la producció per l’extensiódel reg de suport. Les futures vulnerabilitats no només depenen del canvi climàtic, sinó dels efectes del canvi global, fenomen que també engloba tots aquells canvis en els usos, hàbits i consums del territori.Paraules clau: canvi climàtic, Priorat, oliveres, producció agrícola, sèries climàtiques., In the current context of climate change, proper studies of regional and local vulnerabilities are required. This study analyses the relationship between the high quality olive production in a municipality of southern Catalonia, Cabacés (Priorat), and climate variability. Results show the climate effects –maximum temperature in April, and rainfall in July– on olive production. Nevertheless, irrigation caused a high increase in olive production along the last decade. This fact leads to a disagreement in the multiple regressions, modelled by the climatic variables above-mentioned, after 2002. Thus, to define future vulnerabilities must be taken the global change into account, which considers climate change and other changes in land and water uses.Keywords: Climate change, Priorat, olive trees, crop production, climatic series., En un contexto de cambio climático es necesario estudiar las vulnerabilidades del territorio a escala local. Este trabajo analiza la producción de aceite de calidad en una localidad de la Cataluña seca, Cabacés (Priorat), en relación con la variabilidad climática. Los resultados muestran que el clima tiene una influencia importante en la producción de aceitunas, sobre todo las temperaturas máximas de abril y las precipitaciones del mes más seco, julio. Se obtiene un modelo de regresión múltiple a partir de estas dos variables climáticas más influyentes en la producción. No obstante, los valores del modelo se alejande los reales a partir de 2003 debido al importante aumento de la producción por la extensión del riego de soporte. Las futuras vulnerabilidades no dependen solamente del cambio climático, sino de los efectos del cambio global, fenómeno que también incluye todos aquellos cambios en los usos, hábitos y consumos del territorio.Palabras clave: Cambio climático, Priorat, olivos, producción agrícola, series climáticas.
Published: 2013

5. Global and regional phosphorus budgets in agricultural systems and their implications for phosphorus-use efficiency

Author: Philippe Ciais, Jordi Sardans, Michael Obersteiner, Rong Wang, Daniel S. Goll, Junguo Liu, Fei Lun, Josep Peñuelas, Thomas Nesme, Jinfeng Chang, Southern University of Science and Technology [Shenzhen] (SUSTech), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), South University of Science and Technology of China, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère ( ISPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals ( CREAF ), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis ( IIASA ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Pasture, 01 natural sciences, Phosphorus budget, 03 medical and health sciences, Grazing, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ddc:550, Regional scale, Global scale, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 2. Zero hunger, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, Biomass (ecology), 0303 health sciences, geography.geographical_feature_category, Agroforestry, business.industry, Phosphorus, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 15. Life on land, Phosphorus-use efficiency, lcsh:Geology, chemistry, Agronomy, Agriculture, 13. Climate action, Soil water, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Livestock, Fertilizer, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Agraïments: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571022, 41625001), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant 8151002). The application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer to agricultural soils increased by 3.2 % annually from 2002 to 2010. We quantified in detail the P inputs and outputs of cropland and pasture, and the P fluxes through human and livestock consumers of agricultural products, at global, regional, and national scales from 2002 to 2010. Globally, half of the total P input (21.3 Tg P yr−1) into agricultural systems accumulated in agricultural soils during this period, with the rest lost to bodies of water through complex flows. Global P accumulation in agricultural soil increased from 2002 to 2010, despite decreases in 2008 and 2009, and the P accumulation occurred primarily in cropland. Despite the global increase of soil P, 32 % of the world's cropland and 43 % of the pasture had soil P deficits. Increasing soil P deficits were found for African cropland, versus increasing P accumulation in Eastern Asia. European and North American pasture had a soil P deficit because continuous removal of biomass P by grazing exceeded P inputs. International trade played a significant role in P redistribution among countries through the flows of P in fertilizer and food among countries. Based on country-scale budgets and trends we propose policy options to potentially mitigate regional P imbalances in agricultural soils, particularly by optimizing the use of phosphate fertilizer and recycling of waste P. The trend of increasing consumption of livestock products will require more P inputs to the agricultural system, implying a low P-use efficiency aggravating the P stocks scarcity in the future. The global and regional phosphorus budgets and their PUEs in agricultural systems is publicly available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.875296.
Published: 2021

6. Urgent need for a common metric to make precipitation manipulation experiments comparable

Author: Michael Schmitt, O. van Straaten, Gabriele Guidolotti, Sharon B. Gray, André Granier, Freja E. Dreesen, Sara Vicca, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Susanne S. Hoeppner, Serge Rambal, Romà Ogaya, M. Camino Serrano, Marc Estiarte, Anna Katarina Gilgen, Matthew H. Siebers, M. Z. Ostrogovic, Andrew D. B. Leakey, Jordi Sardans, Donald R. Ort, L. van der Linden, Department of Biology, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources / Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Department of Biology, Department of Biology-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) / Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes (CEAB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Tuscia University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Australian Water Quality Center, Buesgen Institute, Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Drought stress, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, synthesis, Physiology, Rain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Soil, Species Specificity, precipitation manipulation experiments, Stress, Physiological, Precipitation, drought stress, plant available water, soil moisture, Water content, Biology, Ecosystem, Plant Physiological Phenomena, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Temperature, Water, 15. Life on land, Plants, Adaptation, Physiological, 6. Clean water, Droughts, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Metric (mathematics), Environmental science
Abstract: If we want to understand why plant responses to altered precipitation differ among ecosystems, comparisons of effects of precipitation manipulations must use a more ecologically meaningful metric to describe the actual treatment than merely the change in precipitation. A common denominator that properly characterizes the actual treatment should reflect the drought stress as experienced by the biota. Otherwise, observed differences in ecosystem responses to altered precipitation may reflect differences not only in ecosystem properties, but also in the actual treatment. In order to test how different ecosystems respond to altered precipitation, data from 62 experimental sites were gathered via networks such as Carbo-Extreme, CLIMMANI and INTERFACE. Available data currently dictate that cross-site analyses focus on precipitation differences, but once the necessary site-level data are available, synthesis studies can further improve our mechanistic understanding of ecosystem responses to changes in water availability.
Published: 2012

7. Fast attrition of springtail communities by experimental drought and richness-decomposition relationships across Europe

Author: Jean-François Ponge, Ivan A. Janssens, Martin Holmstrup, György Kröel-Dulay, Marc Estiarte, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Daniel Sol, Mireia Bartrons, Miquel A. Arnedo, Claus Beier, Guille Peguero, Henning Petersen, Bridget A. Emmett, Sandrine Salmon, Edit Kovács-Láng, Joan Maspons, Josep Peñuelas, Albert Tietema, Paolo De Angelis, Department of Biology (University of Antwerp), University of Antwerp (UA), CREAF, Department of Animal Biology (Institute for Research on Biodiversity (IRBio)), University of Barcelona, Natural History Museum, Mols Laboratory, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona (CREAF), université de Barcelone, Environment Centre Wales, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics - IBED (NETHERLANDS), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Centre for Ecological Research [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biodiversity-ecosystem functioning, Biodiversity, shrublands, Climate change, drought, litter decomposition, Biology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Springtail, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Soil fauna, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Abundance (ecology), Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Drought, Detritivore, Litter decomposition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Droughts, Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning, Europe, Chemistry, Phylogenetic diversity, climate change, 13. Climate action, Shrublands, Collembola, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, soil fauna
Abstract: Altres ajuts: Ramon Areces Foundation. Grant Number BEVP27P01A3355 Soil fauna play a fundamental role on key ecosystem functions like organic matter decomposition, although how local assemblages are responding to climate change and whether these changes may have consequences to ecosystem functioning is less clear. Previous studies have revealed that a continued environmental stress may result in poorer communities by filtering out the most sensitive species. However, these experiments have rarely been applied to climate change factors combining multiyear and multisite standardized field treatments across climatically contrasting regions, which has limited drawing general conclusions. Moreover, other facets of biodiversity, such as functional and phylogenetic diversity, potentially more closely linked to ecosystem functioning, have been largely neglected. Here, we report that the abundance, species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional richness of springtails (Subclass Collembola), a major group of fungivores and detritivores, decreased within 4 years of experimental drought across six European shrublands. The loss of phylogenetic and functional richness was higher than expected by the loss of species richness, leading to communities of phylogenetically similar species sharing evolutionary conserved traits. Additionally, despite the great climatic differences among study sites, we found that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional richness of springtail communities alone were able to explain up to 30% of the variation in annual decomposition rates. Altogether, our results suggest that the forecasted reductions in precipitation associated with climate change may erode springtail communities and likely other drought-sensitive soil invertebrates, thereby retarding litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in ecosystems
Published: 2019

8. Regulation of nitrogen fixation from free-living organisms in soil and leaf litter of two tropical forests of the Guiana shield

Author: Sara Vicca, Oriol Grau, Josep Peñuelas, Ifigenia Urbina, Thomas Depaepe, Dominique Van Der Straeten, Joke Van den Berge, Pascal Boeckx, Andreas Richter, James T. Weedon, Clément Stahl, Ivan A. Janssens, Elodie A. Courtois, Dolores Asensio, Leandro Van Langenhove, Centre of Excellence PLECO, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Department of Biology Ghent, Laboratory of Functionnal Plant Biology, Ghent University, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Ecologie, évolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecological Science [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Global Ecology Unit (CREAF-CSIC-UAB), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABB, CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Applicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFY, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functionnal Plant Biology, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), University of Vienna [Vienna], and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, forêt tropicale humide, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, ACETYLENE-REDUCTION, Plant Science, Rainforest, Biology, 01 natural sciences, OXYGEN, CARBON, molybdenum, tropical rain forests, Nutrient, Tropical forest, free-living nitrogen fixation, SYMBIOTIC DINITROGEN FIXATION, nutrients, Ecosystem, SPATIAL VARIATION, NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY, phosphorus, Molybdenum, LIMITATION, Phosphorus, Biology and Life Sciences, Regular Article, Edaphic, Nutrients, RAIN-FOREST, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, French Guiana, Agronomy, chemistry, fixation de l'azote, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Nitrogen fixation, guyane française, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Free-living nitrogen fixation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and aims Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is the main pathway for introducing N into unmanaged ecosystems. While recent estimates suggest that free-living N fixation (FLNF) accounts for the majority of N fixed in mature tropical forests, the controls governing this process are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to quantify FLNF rates and determine its drivers in two tropical pristine forests of French Guiana. Methods We used the acetylene reduction assay to measure FLNF rates at two sites, in two seasons and along three topographical positions, and used regression analyses to identify which edaphic explanatory variables, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) content, pH, water and available N and P, explained most of the variation in FLNF rates. Results Overall, FLNF rates were lower than measured in tropical systems elsewhere. In soils seasonal variability was small and FLNF rates differed among topographies at only one site. Water, P and pH explained 24% of the variation. In leaf litter, FLNF rates differed seasonally, without site or topographical differences. Water, C, N and P explained 46% of the observed variation. We found no regulatory role of Mo at our sites. Conclusions Rates of FLNF were low in primary rainforest on poor soils on the Guiana shield. Water was the most important rate-regulating factor and FLNF increased with increasing P, but decreased with increasing N. Our results support the general assumption that N fixation in tropical lowland forests is limited by P availability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11104-019-04012-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019

9. Influence of anthropogenic aerosol deposition on the relationship between oceanic productivity and warming

Author: Christian Ethé, Olivier Boucher, Marion Gehlen, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, Feng Zhou, Rong Wang, Josep Peñuelas, Philippe Ciais, Shu Tao, Junfeng Liu, Didier Hauglustaine, Yves Balkanski, Bengang Li, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: anthropogenic aerosols, Ocean biogeochemical model, Ocean productivity, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Biogeosciences, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, Global Change from Geodesy, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, Paleoceanography, Nutrient, Aerosol deposition, Oceans, Research Letter, ocean biogeochemical model, Geodesy and Gravity, Global Change, Air quality index, Aerosols, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, nutrient limitation, biogeochemical model, fungi, Biogeochemistry, Anthropogenic aerosols, Aerosols and Particles, Nutrients and Nutrient Cycling, ocean, Physical Modeling, ocean productivity, Research Letters, Aerosol, Pollution: Urban and Regional, Geophysics, Oceanography, Positive response, Deposition (aerosol physics), Productivity (ecology), Earth System Modeling, 13. Climate action, Nutrient limitation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Marine Organic Chemistry, Marine Systems, Cryosphere, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Natural Hazards
Abstract: Satellite data and models suggest that oceanic productivity is reduced in response to less nutrient supply under warming. In contrast, anthropogenic aerosols provide nutrients and exert a fertilizing effect, but its contribution to evolution of oceanic productivity is unknown. We simulate the response of oceanic biogeochemistry to anthropogenic aerosols deposition under varying climate from 1850 to 2010. We find a positive response of observed chlorophyll to deposition of anthropogenic aerosols. Our results suggest that anthropogenic aerosols reduce the sensitivity of oceanic productivity to warming from −15.2 ± 1.8 to −13.3 ± 1.6 Pg C yr−1 °C−1 in global stratified oceans during 1948–2007. The reducing percentage over the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Indian Oceans reaches 40, 24, and 25%, respectively. We hypothesize that inevitable reduction of aerosol emissions in response to higher air quality standards in the future might accelerate the decline of oceanic productivity per unit warming., Key Points Anthropogenic aerosol deposition alleviates the nutrient limitation in the oceansResponse of observed chlorophyll to anthropogenic aerosol deposition is modeledOver 1948–2007, the sensitivity of oceanic productivity to warming is reduced by 12.5%
Published: 2021

10. Vegetation baseline phenology from kilometric global LAI satellite products

Author: Iolanda Filella, Josep Peñuelas, Aleixandre Verger, Frédéric Baret, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Global Ecology Unit, and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biome, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, SPOT-VEGETATION, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Climatic drivers, medicine, Climatic, Mean annual seasonal cycle, Computers in Earth Sciences, Leaf area index, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Phenology, Geology, Vegetation, drivers, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Leaf, MODIS, Ground observations, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Spatial ecology, Environmental science, area index, Climatology of land surface phenology
Abstract: Land surface phenology derived from remotely sensed satellite data can substantially improve our macroecological knowledge and the representation of phenology in earth system models. We characterized the baseline phenology of the vegetation at the global scale from the GEOCLIM climatology of leaf area index (LAI) estimated from 1-km SPOT-VEGETATION time series for 1999-2010. The phenological metrics were calibrated over an ensemble of ground observations of the timing of leaf unfolding and autumnal colouring of leaves. The start and end of season were best identified using respectively 30% and 40% threshold of LAI amplitude values. The accuracy of the derived phenological metrics, evaluated using available ground observations for birch forests over Europe (and lilac shrubs over North America), improved as compared to those derived from MODIS-EVI and produced an overall root mean square error of 7 days (19 days) for the timing of the start of season, 15 for the end of season, and 16 for the length of season. The spatial patterns of the derived LAI phenology agreed well with those from MODIS-EVI and -NDVI, although the timing of the start, end, and length of season differed by about one month at the global scale, with higher uncertainties in areas of limited seasonality of the satellite signal and systematic biases due to the differences in the methodologies and datasets. The baseline LAI phenology was spatially consistent with the global distributions of climatic drivers and biome land cover.
Published: 2021

11. Extension of the growing season increases vegetation exposure to frost

Author: Yongshuo H. Fu, Xu Lian, Tao Wang, Ivan A. Janssens, Qiang Liu, Josep Peñuelas, Shushi Peng, Shilong Piao, Philippe Ciais, Ranga B. Myneni, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Institut Non Linéaire de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (INLN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Growing season, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Latitude, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Phenology, Global warming, Northern Hemisphere, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, eye diseases, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Frost, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, Engineering sciences. Technology
Abstract: While climate warming reduces the occurrence of frost events, the warming-induced lengthening of the growing season of plants in the Northern Hemisphere may actually induce more frequent frost days during the growing season (GSFDs, days with minimum temperature, Plant growing season increases under a warming climate, but it is not known whether this will alter plant exposure to frost days. Here Liu et al. investigate trends in the Northern Hemisphere over 30 years and find increased exposure to frost days in regions that have longer growing seasons.
Published: 2021

12. Decelerating Autumn CO2 Release With Warming Induced by Attenuated Temperature Dependence of Respiration in Northern Ecosystems

Author: Philippe Ciais, Tao Wang, Jinzhi Ding, Dan Liu, Xiaoyi Wang, Xuhui Wang, Josep Peñuelas, Ivan A. Janssens, Shilong Piao, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Non Linéaire de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (INLN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research - Chinese Academy of Sciences, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics, Climate change, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Soil respiration, Geophysics, Boreal, 13. Climate action, Effects of global warming, Respiration, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Feedbacks from the carbon cycle in boreal and arctic ecosystems can significantly affect climate change, but the effects of climate change on the high-latitude carbon cycle during the dormant period remain uncertain. By analyzing the long-term atmospheric CO2 concentration record from Point Barrow in Alaska, we show that warming significantly boosts net CO2 release in autumn over the period 1974-2014. But this warming-stimulated effect has been attenuated since 1997. This deceleration of net CO2 release with warming is ascribed to the attenuation in respiration response to temperature rather than changing relationship between temperature and productivity or changes in atmospheric transport, fossil fuel emissions, or air-sea CO2 exchanges. The attenuated respiration response is likely due to decoupling between temperature and plant-derived carbon inputs to soil for decomposition. Contrary to previous suggestions, warming no longer results in a higher autumn net CO2 release. Plain Language Summary Boreal and arctic ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate change. Most of previous studies focus on terrestrial carbon cycle responding to warming during carbon uptake period, while much less on the dormant season that characteristic with net carbon release. We provide the first evidence that autumn warming no longer accelerates net carbon losses in boreal and arctic ecosystem as previously suggested. This deceleration of net CO2 release with autumn warming is attributed to the attenuation in respiration response to temperature, which interestingly, is most likely due to the recently reported weakening relationship between temperature and productivity. Our finding counteracts recently reported warming-induced loss of net CO2 uptake during carbon uptake period, which provides a negative feedback to climate warming.
Published: 2021

13. Nutritional niches reveal fundamental domestication trade-offs in fungus-farming ants

Author: David A. Donoso, Ernesto B. Gomez, Mariana Franco, William T. Wcislo, Jonathan Z. Shik, Xavier Arnan, Jack Howe, Pepijn W. Kooij, Antonin J.J. Crumière, Juan C. Santos, Jacobus J. Boomsma, University of Copenhagen, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Kew, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, St. John’s University, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), University of Pernambuco, and University of Oxford
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Farms, media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Crop, Domestication, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Humans, Cultivar, Symbiosis, Productivity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Ecological niche, Genetic diversity, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, Ants, fungi, Fungi, food and beverages, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Psychological resilience, business
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 National Science Foundation H2020 European Research Council Danmarks Grundforskningsfond During crop domestication, human farmers traded greater productivity for higher crop vulnerability outside specialized cultivation conditions. We found a similar domestication trade-off across the major co-evolutionary transitions in the farming systems of attine ants. First, the fundamental nutritional niches of cultivars narrowed over ~60 million years of naturally selected domestication, and laboratory experiments showed that ant farmers representing subsequent domestication stages strictly regulate protein harvest relative to cultivar fundamental nutritional niches. Second, ants with different farming systems differed in their abilities to harvest the resources that best matched the nutritional needs of their fungal cultivars. This was assessed by quantifying realized nutritional niches from analyses of items collected from the mandibles of laden ant foragers in the field. Third, extensive field collections suggest that among-colony genetic diversity of cultivars in small-scale farms may offer population-wide resilience benefits that species with large-scale farming colonies achieve by more elaborate and demanding practices to cultivate less diverse crops. Our results underscore that naturally selected farming systems have the potential to shed light on nutritional trade-offs that shaped the course of culturally evolved human farming. Section of Ecology and Evolution Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Centre for Social Evolution Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Comparative Fungal Biology Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Departamento de Biología Escuela Politécnica Nacional Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica Department of Biological Sciences St. John’s University Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Center for the Study of Social Insects São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biological Sciences University of Pernambuco Department of Zoology University of Oxford Center for the Study of Social Insects São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Science Foundation: 2016372 H2020 European Research Council: 323085 H2020 European Research Council: 757810 Danmarks Grundforskningsfond: DNRF57
Published: 2020

14. Simulating Erosion‐Induced Soil and Carbon Delivery From Uplands to Rivers in a Global Land Surface Model

Author: Haicheng Zhang, Ronny Lauerwald, Wenping Yuan, Marta Camino-Serrano, Kristof Van Oost, Victoria Naipal, Bertrand Guenet, Philippe Ciais, Pierre Regnier, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: upscaling, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, River runoff, land surface model, Drainage basin, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Carbon Cycling, Biogeosciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, lateral carbon transport, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, Global Change from Geodesy, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, lcsh:Oceanography, Paleoceanography, carbon cycle, Environmental Chemistry, Geodesy and Gravity, Global Change, lcsh:GC1-1581, lcsh:Physical geography, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, soil erosion, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, Aquatic ecosystem, Primary production, Soil carbon, Biogeochemistry, 15. Life on land, Physical Modeling, 6. Clean water, Earth System Modeling, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Cryosphere, lcsh:GB3-5030, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Natural Hazards, Research Article
Abstract: Global water erosion strongly affects the terrestrial carbon balance. However, this process is currently ignored by most global land surface models (LSMs) that are used to project the responses of terrestrial carbon storage to climate and land use changes. One of the main obstacles to implement erosion processes in LSMs is the high spatial resolution needed to accurately represent the effect of topography on soil erosion and sediment delivery to rivers. In this study, we present an upscaling scheme for including erosion‐induced lateral soil organic carbon (SOC) movements into the ORCHIDEE LSM. This upscaling scheme integrates information from high‐resolution (3″) topographic and soil erodibility data into a LSM forcing file at 0.5° spatial resolution. Evaluation of our model for the Rhine catchment indicates that it reproduces well the observed spatial and temporal (both seasonal and interannual) variations in river runoff and the sediment delivery from uplands to the river network. Although the average annual lateral SOC flux from uplands to the Rhine River network only amounts to 0.5% of the annual net primary production and 0.01% of the total SOC stock in the whole catchment, SOC loss caused by soil erosion over a long period (e.g., thousands of years) has the potential to cause a 12% reduction in the simulated equilibrium SOC stocks. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for including the erosion‐induced lateral carbon flux from the land to aquatic systems into LSMs and highlights the important role of erosion processes in the terrestrial carbon balance., Key Points We presented an upscaling scheme for including erosion‐induced lateral soil and carbon transfers into a global land surface modelOur model is a useful tool to estimate the impacts of climate and land cover changes on erosion‐induced soil carbon loss at large scaleModel application for the Rhine basin demonstrates that erosion‐induced soil carbon losses substantially reduce soil carbon stocks
Published: 2020

15. Effects of thinning In a water-limited holm oak forest

Author: Peñuelas, Josep, Ogaya, Roma, Escolà, Anna, Liu, Daijun, Barbeta, Adrià, Penuelas, Josep, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, genetic structures, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, Geography, Planning and Development, Forest management, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Arbutus unedo L, 01 natural sciences, Carbon sink, Forest dieback, Tree growth, Tree mortality, Climate change, Oak forest, Mediterranean forest, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Holm oak, Changement climatique, Thinning, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chêne vert Quercus ilex L, Forestry, Phillyrea latifolia, 15. Life on land, Selective thinning, eye diseases, Productivity (ecology), Environmental science, sense organs, Food Science
Abstract: A natural holm oak forest was selectively thinned to test thinning as a tool to reduce tree mortality, increase productivity, and reverse the recent regression of the dominant species (Quercus ilex) induced by climate change. Thinning increased aboveground productivity and reduced stem mortality in this Mediterranean forest during four years just after thinning, contributing to the maintenance of forest functioning under changing climatic conditions. Q. ilex was the only species positively affected by the thinning: stem growth increased for all stem sizes, and mortality was significantly lower in thinned plots. On the contrary, mortality rates of Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo were not significantly lower. Stem growth increased for P. latifolia only in the smallest stem-size class. Our results highlight the suitability of selective thinning for improving the forest productivity and ensuring the conservation of Mediterranean coppices. Other benefits of selective thinning, such as a decrease in the risk of fire dispersion and an increase in the water supply for human populations, are also discussed.
Published: 2020

16. Configurational crop heterogeneity increases within‐field plant diversity

Author: Gavin M. Siriwardena, Isabelle Badenhausser, Nathalie Patry, Péter Batáry, Irene Robleño, Yann Clough, Romain Georges, Teja Tscharntke, Jean-Louis Martin, Kathryn Lindsay, Jacques Baudry, Nicole Yaverscovski, Vincent Bretagnolle, Lluís Brotons, Brigitte Poulin, Jordi Recasens, François Calatayud, Jesús Miñano, Annick Gibon, Audrey Alignier, Nicolas Gross, Aliette Bosem Baillod, David Giralt, Françoise Burel, Cyrille Violle, Jude Girard, Paul Miguet, Barbara Baraibar, Colette Bertrand, Lenore Fahrig, Laura Henckel, Xavier O. Solé-Senan, Clélia Sirami, Annika L. Hass, Scott Mitchell, Gerard Bota, Aude Vialatte, Romain Carrié, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat de Lleida, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Biology, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Carleton University, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Lund University [Lund], Department of Biology, Carleton University (Carleton University), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Biochemistry and MTA SZBK 'Lendület' Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ANR‐11‐EBID‐0004, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Canada Foundation for Innovation, ANR-11-EBID-0004,FarmLand,European Network on Farmland Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(2011), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre [LTSER France], and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gamma diversity, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, Males herbes--Control, Conreus, farmland, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Crop, field border, crop mosaic, Agricultural productivity, Crop mosaic, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, landscape composition, landscape configuration, Biodiversitat--Conservació, 15. Life on land, Field border, Paisatge, Geography, Agriculture, diversity partitioning, Biodiversity and ecosystem services, Alpha diversity, biodiversity conservation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Weed, business, weed
Abstract: 1. Increasing landscape heterogeneity by restoring semi-natural elements to reverse farmland biodiversity declines is not always economically feasible or acceptable to farmers due to competition for land. We hypothesized that increasing the hetero-geneity of the crop mosaic itself, hereafter referred to as crop heterogeneity, can have beneficial effects on within-field plant diversity .2. Using a unique multi-country dataset from a cross-continent collaborative project covering 1,451 agricultural fields within 432 landscapes in Europe and Canada, we assessed the relative effects of compositional and configurational crop heteroge-neity on within-field plant diversity components. We also examined how these relationships were modulated by the position within the field. 3. We found strong positive effects of configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant alpha and gamma diversity in field interiors. These effects were as high as the effect of semi-natural cover. In field borders, effects of crop heterogeneity were limited to alpha diversity. We suggest that a heterogeneous crop mosaic may overcome the high negative impact of management practices on plant diversity in field interiors, whereas in field borders, where plant diversity is already high, landscape effects are more limited. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that increasing configurational crop heterogeneity is beneficial to within-field plant diversity. It opens up a new effec-tive and complementary way to promote farmland biodiversity without taking land out of agricultural production. We therefore recommend adopting manipulation of crop heterogeneity as a specific, effective management option in future policy measures, perhaps adding to agri-environment schemes, to contribute to the con-servation of farmland plant diversity. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German Ministry of Research and Education; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-EBID-0004; Canada Foundation for Innovation; German Research Foundation; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; French National Research Agency, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-EBID-0004; UK Government Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Environment Canada (EC)
Published: 2020

17. Low growth resilience to drought is related to future mortality risk in trees

Author: Frank J. Sterck, Vyacheslav I. Kharuk, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Maria Laura Suarez, Juan Carlos Linares, Dejan Stojanović, Steven Jansen, J. Julio Camarero, Laurel J. Haavik, Tamir Klein, Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda, Harri Mäkinen, Ricardo Villalba, Walter Oberhuber, Lucía DeSoto, Maxime Cailleret, Mariano M. Amoroso, Elisabeth M. R. Robert, Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo, Jeffrey M. Kane, Ana-Maria Hereş, Thomas Kitzberger, Andreas Papadopoulos, Sten Gillner, Tom Levanič, Tuomas Aakala, Christof Bigler, Brigitte Rohner, Koen Kramer, Katarina Čufar, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona (CREAF), université de Barcelone, University of Helsinki, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, El Bolsón, Argentina, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Ljubljana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), USDA Forest Service, Transylvania University of Brasov, Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Humboldt State University (HSU), V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Weizmann Institute of Science, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Slovenian Forestry Institute, Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Natural resources institute Finland, University of Innsbruck, Agricultural University of Athens, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of Novi Sad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Department of Forest Sciences, Boreal forest dynamics and biodiversity research group, and Forest Ecology and Management
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Economic shortage, drought, 01 natural sciences, Trees, CARBON, Soil, Mortalité des arbres, FORESTS, lcsh:Science, sécheresse, 4112 Forestry, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, iglavci, Climate-change ecology, food and beverages, Vegetation, trees, EMBOLISM, PE&RC, Adaptation, Physiological, Droughts, umiranje, Productivity (ecology), Technologie and Innovatie, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Kennis, angiosperms, gymnosperms, suša, Climate Change, Science, XYLEM, Climate change, Biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, MECHANISMS, LIKELIHOOD, resistance, Magnoliopsida, recovery, Species Specificity, Stress, Physiological, parasitic diseases, Life Science, Résilience des écosystèmes, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Mortality, Resilience (network), udc:630*2:630*11:630*56(045)=111, resilience, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Resistance (ecology), AVAILABILITY, fungi, mehanizmi odpornosti, Water, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, 11831 Plant biology, Survival Analysis, mortality, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, listavci, CLIMATE, Cycadopsida, Résistance à la sécheresse, PATTERNS, lcsh:Q, VEGETATION, Forest ecology, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, drevesa, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Severe droughts have the potential to reduce forest productivity and trigger tree mortality. Most trees face several drought events during their life and therefore resilience to dry conditions may be crucial to long-term survival. We assessed how growth resilience to severe droughts, including its components resistance and recovery, is related to the ability to survive future droughts by using a tree-ring database of surviving and now-dead trees from 118 sites (22 species, >3,500 trees). We found that, across the variety of regions and species sampled, trees that died during water shortages were less resilient to previous non-lethal droughts, relative to coexisting surviving trees of the same species. In angiosperms, drought-related mortality risk is associated with lower resistance (low capacity to reduce impact of the initial drought), while it is related to reduced recovery (low capacity to attain pre-drought growth rates) in gymnosperms. The different resilience strategies in these two taxonomic groups open new avenues to improve our understanding and prediction of drought-induced mortality., Resilience to drought is crucial for tree survival under climate change. Here, DeSoto et al. show that trees that died during drought were less resilient to previous dry events compared to surviving conspecifics, but the resilience strategies differ between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Published: 2020

18. Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges

Author: Florian Jansen, Robert K. Peet, Marco Moretti, Erwin Bergmeier, Brody Sandel, Cyrille Violle, Franz Essl, Holger Kreft, Ute Jandt, Michele De Sanctis, Masha T. van der Sande, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Helge Bruelheide, Marten Winter, Mária Šibíková, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Richard Field, Koen Kramer, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Marco Schmidt, Petr Pyšek, Fabio Attorre, Jan Pergl, Milan Chytrý, Peter B. Reich, Tiffany M. Knight, Oliver Purschke, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Stefan Klotz, Jens Kattge, Mark van Kleunen, Joern Pagel, Greg R. Guerin, Petr Petřík, Matteo Dainese, Valentin Golub, Wayne Dawson, Sylvia Haider, Ülo Niinemets, Jaime Fagúndez, Jürgen Dengler, Josep Peñuelas, Elizabeth Kearsley, Patrick Weigelt, Isabelle Aubin, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Ecology, University of Warsaw (UW), Universität Bayreuth, Umweltbundesamt, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Inst. Biochem. & Biol., University of Potsdam, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Masaryk University, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, Kista Photonics Research Center (KPRC) (KTH), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Philips Research Europe - Hamburg, Sector Medical Imaging Systems, Philips Research, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Swiss Federal Research Institute, Department of Ecology [Warsaw], Institute of Zoology [Warsaw], Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Plant invasion, Introduced species, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Trees, forest, Abundance, Abundance (ecology), functional traits, Macroecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, abundance, Ecology, dissimilarity, global, plant invasion, trees, Global, PE&RC, Research Papers, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Technologie and Innovatie, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Kennis, Functional traits, Research Paper, Biogeography, Alien, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, tree abundance, forsts, ddc:570, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, 577: Ökologie, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, abundance, dissimilarity, forest, functional traits, global, plant invasion, trees, Dissimilarity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biological invasion, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie
Abstract: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), Grant/Award Number: 019.171LW.023; German Research Foundation; German Research Foundation DFG, Grant/Award Number: 264740629; FONDECYT, Grant/Award Number: 11150835; CONICYT-PAI, Grant/Award Number: 82130046; 7th European Community Framework Programme, Grant/Award Number: FORECOFUN-SSA PIEF-GA-2010–274798; European Research Council Synergy, Grant/Award Number: ERC-SyG-2013-610028; Austrian Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: I2086-B16; Czech Science Foundation, Centre of Excellence PLADIAS, Grant/Award Number: 14-15414S and RVO 67985939; EXPRO, Grant/Award Number: 19-28807X; VEGA, Grant/Award Number: 0051/1, van der Sande, M.T., Bruelheide, H., Dawson, W., Dengler, J., Essl, F., Field, R., Haider, S., van Kleunen, M., Kreft, H., Pagel, J., Pergl, J., Purschke, O., Pyšek, P., Weigelt, P., Winter, M., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Bergmeier, E., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., De Sanctis, M., Fagundez, J., Golub, V., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Kearsley, E., Klotz, S., Kramer, K., Moretti, M., Niinemets, Ü., Peet, R.K., Penuelas, J., Petřík, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Sibikova, M., Violle, C., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wohlgemuth, T., Knight, T.M.
Published: 2020

19. How do social status and tree architecture influence radial growth, wood density and drought response in spontaneously established oak forests?

Author: Arndt Hampe, Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez, Didier Bert, Elena Valdés-Correcher, Josep Maria Espelta, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Single, Quercus robur L, Single- and multi-stemmed trees, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Climate change, Pointer years, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Basal area, Quercus robur, Coppicing, Sampling design, Forest expansion, and multi-stemmed trees, Ecology, biology, Sampling (statistics), Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, 13. Climate action, Wood density, Dominant trees, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; AbstractKey messageDuring the past decades, a multitude of oak stands have spontaneously established across the pine-dominated landscapes of the French Landes de Gascogne. Yet their future performance under modern climate change is unknown. We show that coppiced, dominant trees are most prepared to cope with drought episodes, displaying higher basal area increment and lower sensitivity to extreme events.ContextForest stands dominated by pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) have spontaneously established across the pine-dominated landscapes of the French Landes de Gascogne. These oak stands are typically unmanaged and unsystematically coppiced, resulting in mixtures of single- and multi-stemmed (coppiced) trees.AimsTo determine the ability of spontaneous oak forest stands to face climate change–related hazards, by analysing differences in growth (tree-ring width and basal area increment—BAI), wood density and climate sensitivity depending on their tree architecture (single- vs multi-stemmed trees) and their social status in the forest.MethodsWe exhaustively cored 15 oak stands (n = 657 trees). We compared stand characteristics and climate sensitivity between tree architectures considering two sampling designs, either all sampled trees (the exhaustive sampling) or those with a dominant status (dominant sampling). At the tree level, we used linear mixed effects models to compare wood density and growth between tree architectures and the trees’ social status within the canopy layer (dominant- vs non-dominant trees).ResultsMulti-stemmed trees exhibited higher wood density than single-stemmed trees for diameters > 30 cm. Dominant multi-stemmed trees showed lower sensitivity to extreme events (pointer years), higher BAI but lower annual growth rates than dominant single-stemmed trees.ConclusionDominant multi-stemmed trees are potentially the most prepared ones to cope with increasing soil water deficit following drought episodes, at least during the first 60 years of the life of the tree. The vulnerability to face harsher climate conditions for Q. robur stands can be misled when using a dominant sampling design.
Published: 2020

20. Réchauffement du climat : est-ce que la forêt française peut apporter des solutions d’ici 2050 ?

Author: Valade, Aude, Bellassen, Valentin, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), and AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: forêt, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, adaptation, gestion forestière, réchauffement climatique, modélisation
Abstract: The climate plan presented on 6 July 2017 by the French government has set a target of carbon neutrality by 2050. In this context, the forest-based sector is set to become strategically important. However, major uncertainties remain on the strategy to be adopted, as illustrated by the author of this article. Taking stock of two independent studies on the subject, her article shows that most scenarios lead to a temporary increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the forest sector and ultimately to a lack of improvement in the carbon balance by 2050, followed however by a potential improvement on more distant horizons, and therefore closer to the time scales of forest management.; Le plan climat présenté le 6 juillet 2017 par le gouvernement français s’est fixé un objectif de neutralité carbone en 2050. Dans ce contexte, le secteur forêt-bois est amené à prendre une importance stratégique. Cependant de grandes incertitudes persistent sur la stratégie à adopter comme l’illustre l’auteure de cet article. En faisant le point sur deux études indépendantes sur le sujet, son article montre en effet que la plupart des scénarios conduisent à une hausse temporaire des émissions de gaz à effet de serre du secteur forestier et pour finir à une absence d'amélioration du bilan carbone à l’horizon 2050, suivie cependant d’une amélioration potentielle à des horizons plus lointains, et donc plus proches des échelles temporelles de la gestion forestière.
Published: 2020

21. Climate warming: can French forests provide solutions by 2050?

Author: Valentin Bellassen, Aude Valade, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), and AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, adaptation, modelisation, lcsh:TD1-1066, foret, rechauffement climatique, forêt, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, gestion forestière, réchauffement climatique, gestion forestiere, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, modélisation
Abstract: The climate plan presented on 6 July 2017 by the French government has set a target of carbon neutrality by 2050. In this context, the forest-based sector is set to become strategically important. However, major uncertainties remain on the strategy to be adopted, as illustrated by the author of this article. Taking stock of two independent studies on the subject, her article shows that most scenarios lead to a temporary increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the forest sector and ultimately to a lack of improvement in the carbon balance by 2050, followed however by a potential improvement on more distant horizons, and therefore closer to the time scales of forest management.; Le plan climat présenté le 6 juillet 2017 par le gouvernement français s’est fixé un objectif de neutralité carbone en 2050. Dans ce contexte, le secteur forêt-bois est amené à prendre une importance stratégique. Cependant de grandes incertitudes persistent sur la stratégie à adopter comme l’illustre l’auteure de cet article. En faisant le point sur deux études indépendantes sur le sujet, son article montre en effet que la plupart des scénarios conduisent à une hausse temporaire des émissions de gaz à effet de serre du secteur forestier et pour finir à une absence d'amélioration du bilan carbone à l’horizon 2050, suivie cependant d’une amélioration potentielle à des horizons plus lointains, et donc plus proches des échelles temporelles de la gestion forestière.
Published: 2020

22. Insect herbivory in novel Quercus ilex L. forests: the role of landscape attributes, forest composition and host traits

Author: Josep Maria Espelta, Helena Ruiz-Carbayo, Roberto Molowny-Horas, Joan Pino, Patrick M. A. James, Raúl Bonal, Arndt Hampe, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Extremadura, University of Toronto, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Forest management, Context (language use), Insect, Biology, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genetic relatedness, Foret, Forest expansion, media_common, Herbivore, Connectivity, Ecology, Host (biology), Forestry, 15. Life on land, Leaf nitrogen content, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Structural heterogeneity, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; AbstractKey messageInsect herbivory in novelQuercus ilexL. forests is a highly context- and scale-dependent process. We show that forest composition, tree height and fine-scale spatial location, as well as tree genetic relatedness and ontogeny, can all influence herbivore activity at local to landscape scale.ContextUnderstanding the intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of herbivory in novel expanding forests is essential to envisage their role for biodiversity conservation.AimsTo analyse the effects of landscape attributes, forest composition, genetic relatedness, ontogeny and leaf traits on insect herbivory in novel Q. ilex forest stands.MethodsIn 15 forest patches, we examined effects of patch size and connectivity, forest composition, tree height, specific leaf area (SLA) and nitrogen content on herbivory. In 3 forest patches, we assessed effects of tree genetic relatedness, ontogeny and spatial distribution.ResultsHerbivory was lower in pine-oak than in mixed-oak forests owing to the shorter tree height in the former with no effects of patch size or connectivity. Herbivory increased with SLA whereas nitrogen content had no effect. Within patches, herbivory differed among genetic clusters and was reduced in saplings growing near mature oaks and individuals near the forest edge.ConclusionWe illustrate the strong context and scale dependence of tree-herbivore interactions that renders predictions for dynamic systems such as novel oak forests extremely challenging. It implies, however, that the structural heterogeneity of such unmanaged forests allows their function as stepping stones for insect herbivore diversity in fragmented landscapes.
Published: 2020

23. Pervasive decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time across forest climate zones

Author: Changhui Peng, Stephen P. Hubbell, William R. L. Anderegg, Kailiang Yu, William K. Smith, Marco Ferretti, Tom Levanič, Kai Zhu, Maxime Cailleret, Anna T. Trugman, Arthur Gessler, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, Richard Condit, Marcus Schaub, University of Utah, University of York [York, UK], University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, The Morton Arboretum, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University Yangling, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Slovenian Forestry Institute, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), and University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Carbon Sequestration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry.chemical_element, Carbon turnover, Forests, Forest carbon stocks, Atmospheric sciences, Forest productivity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Carbon cycle, Tree mortality, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Theoretical, Models, carbon cycle, Forest plot, Temperate climate, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, forest productivity, forest carbon stocks, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Atmosphere, Uncertainty, Temperature, Carbon sink, Vegetation, Biological Sciences, Models, Theoretical, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Earth system science, chemistry, 13. Climate action, tree mortality, Environmental science, carbon turnover, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Carbon, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Significance With a limited understanding of spatiotemporal trends of carbon turnover time and its drivers, we are unable to quantify future changes in the forest carbon sink strength. By comparing long-term forest plot data and Earth system model (ESM) projections, we found a pervasive increase in carbon loss from tree mortality, likely driving declines in living aboveground vegetation carbon turnover time across forest climate zones. The climate correlations between temperature or precipitation and temporal trends of living vegetation carbon turnover time differed between forest plots and ESMs. Our results indicate that a mechanistic representation of tree mortality in ESMs and its sensitivity to climate is a crucial uncertainty in predicting the future forest carbon sink., Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Previous studies on the capacity of forests to sequester atmospheric CO2 have mostly focused on carbon uptake, but the roles of carbon turnover time and its spatiotemporal changes remain poorly understood. Here, we used long-term inventory data (1955 to 2018) from 695 mature forest plots to quantify temporal trends in living vegetation carbon turnover time across tropical, temperate, and cold climate zones, and compared plot data to 8 Earth system models (ESMs). Long-term plots consistently showed decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time, likely driven by increased tree mortality across all major climate zones. Changes in living vegetation carbon turnover time were negatively correlated with CO2 enrichment in both forest plot data and ESM simulations. However, plot-based correlations between living vegetation carbon turnover time and climate drivers such as precipitation and temperature diverged from those of ESM simulations. Our analyses suggest that forest carbon sinks are likely to be constrained by a decrease in living vegetation carbon turnover time, and accurate projections of forest carbon sink dynamics will require an improved representation of tree mortality processes and their sensitivity to climate in ESMs.
Published: 2019

24. Weakening temperature control on the interannual variations of spring carbon uptake across northern lands

Author: Shilong Piao, John B. Miller, Yitong Yao, Shushi Peng, Zaichun Zhu, Mengtian Huang, Jiafu Mao, Tao Wang, Zhuo Liu, John F. Burkhart, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, Ranga B. Myneni, Anwar Mohammat, Anders Ahlström, Xin Lin, Josep Peñuelas, Su-Jong Jeong, Xiaoying Shi, Pieter P. Tans, Andreas Stohl, Ivan A. Janssens, Peking University [Beijing], Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University [Lund], Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Department of Biology (University of Antwerp), University of Antwerp (UA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Climate Change Science Institute [Oak Ridge] (CCSI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Growing season, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Latitude, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, Ecological modelling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Physics, Carbon uptake, Primary production, Biogeochemistry, 15. Life on land, Chemistry, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Dormancy, Terrestrial ecosystem, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements at Barrow, Alaska, together with coupled atmospheric transport and terrestrial ecosystem models show a declining spring net primary productivity response to temperature at high latitudes. Ongoing spring warming allows the growing season to begin earlier, enhancing carbon uptake in northern ecosystems1,2,3. Here we use 34 years of atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements at Barrow, Alaska (BRW, 71° N) to show that the interannual relationship between spring temperature and carbon uptake has recently shifted. We use two indicators: the spring zero-crossing date of atmospheric CO2 (SZC) and the magnitude of CO2 drawdown between May and June (SCC). The previously reported strong correlation between SZC, SCC and spring land temperature (ST) was found in the first 17 years of measurements, but disappeared in the last 17 years. As a result, the sensitivity of both SZC and SCC to warming decreased. Simulations with an atmospheric transport model4 coupled to a terrestrial ecosystem model5 suggest that the weakened interannual correlation of SZC and SCC with ST in the last 17 years is attributable to the declining temperature response of spring net primary productivity (NPP) rather than to changes in heterotrophic respiration or in atmospheric transport patterns. Reduced chilling during dormancy and emerging light limitation are possible mechanisms that may have contributed to the loss of NPP response to ST. Our results thus challenge the ‘warmer spring–bigger sink’ mechanism.
Published: 2017

25. Field-experiment constraints on the enhancement of the terrestrial carbon sink by CO2 fertilization

Author: Yuanyuan Fang, Ning Zeng, Xiaoying Shi, Trevor F. Keenan, Akihiko Ito, Philippe Ciais, Kai Wang, Shilong Piao, M. A. Arain, Qiuan Zhu, Mengtian Huang, Tao Wang, Jian Song, Joshua B. Fisher, Anna M. Michalak, Josep Peñuelas, Changhui Peng, Atul K. Jain, Chris Huntingford, Deborah N. Huntzinger, Yongwen Liu, Jiafu Mao, Yaxing Wei, Thomas Gasser, Hanqin Tian, Ivan A. Janssens, Maoyi Huang, Shiqiang Wan, Christopher R. Schwalm, Hui Yang, Xuhui Wang, Benjamin Poulter, Han Wang, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Henan University, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco), The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Chemistry [University of Houston], University of Houston, University of Oxford, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Carnegie Observatories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), Northwest A and F University, Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Henan University, Kaifeng (HENU), Henan University, Kaifeng, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), University of Oxford [Oxford], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Life on Land, Field experiment, Physics, Northern Hemisphere, Carbon sink, 15. Life on land, Carbon sequestration, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Temperate climate, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Clarifying how increased atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) contributes to accelerated land carbon sequestration remains important since this process is the largest negative feedback in the coupled carbon–climate system. Here, we constrain the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon sink to eCO2 over the temperate Northern Hemisphere for the past five decades, using 12 terrestrial ecosystem models and data from seven CO2 enrichment experiments. This constraint uses the heuristic finding that the northern temperate carbon sink sensitivity to eCO2 is linearly related to the site-scale sensitivity across the models. The emerging data-constrained eCO2 sensitivity is 0.64 ± 0.28 PgC yr−1 per hundred ppm of eCO2. Extrapolating worldwide, this northern temperate sensitivity projects the global terrestrial carbon sink to increase by 3.5 ± 1.9 PgC yr−1 for an increase in CO2 of 100 ppm. This value suggests that CO2 fertilization alone explains most of the observed increase in global land carbon sink since the 1960s. More CO2 enrichment experiments, particularly in boreal, arctic and tropical ecosystems, are required to explain further the responsible processes. The northern temperate carbon sink is estimated to increase by 0.64 PgC each year for each increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations by 100 ppm, suggests an analysis of data from field experiments at 7 sites constraints.
Published: 2019

26. Global vegetation biomass production efficiency constrained by models and observations

Author: Anna M. Michalak, Changhui Peng, Yuanyuan Fang, Daniel J. Hayes, Dahe Qin, Kai Wang, Atul K. Jain, Yongwen Liu, Campioli Matteo, Akihiko Ito, Philippe Ciais, Sara Vicca, Josep Peñuelas, Daniel S. Goll, M. Altaf Arain, Deborah N. Huntzinger, Jiafu Mao, Xiaoying Shi, Qiuan Zhu, Yaxing Wei, Christopher R. Schwalm, Ivan A. Janssens, Kevin Schaefer, Benjamin Poulter, Xiangyi Li, Shushi Peng, Joshua B. Fisher, Yue He, Daniel M. Ricciuto, Hanqin Tian, Ning Zeng, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), School of Geography and earth sciences, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Department of Chemistry [University of Houston], University of Houston, University of Oxford [Oxford], Cyprus Oceanography Center, University of Cyprus (UCY), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Carnegie Observatories, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Montana State University (MSU), Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Northwest A and F University, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), and Carnegie Institution for Science
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Carbon Sequestration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Photosynthesis, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, Trees, Environmental Chemistry, Compounds of carbon, Ecosystem, Biomass, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Carbon sink, Primary production, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon, Chemistry, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract: Plants use only a fraction of their photosynthetically derived carbon for biomass production (BP). The biomass production efficiency (BPE), defined as the ratio of BP to photosynthesis, and its variation across and within vegetation types is poorly understood, which hinders our capacity to accurately estimate carbon turnover times and carbon sinks. Here, we present a new global estimation of BPE obtained by combining field measurements from 113 sites with 14 carbon cycle models. Our best estimate of global BPE is 0.41 +/- 0.05, excluding cropland. The largest BPE is found in boreal forests (0.48 +/- 0.06) and the lowest in tropical forests (0.40 +/- 0.04). Carbon cycle models overestimate BPE, although models with carbon-nitrogen interactions tend to be more realistic. Using observation-based estimates of global photosynthesis, we quantify the global BP of non-cropland ecosystems of 41 +/- 6 Pg C/year. This flux is less than net primary production as it does not contain carbon allocated to symbionts, used for exudates or volatile carbon compound emissions to the atmosphere. Our study reveals a positive bias of 24 +/- 11% in the model-estimated BP (10 of 14 models). When correcting models for this bias while leaving modeled carbon turnover times unchanged, we found that the global ecosystem carbon storage change during the last century is decreased by 67% (or 58 Pg C).
Published: 2019

27. Satellite-observed pantropical carbon dynamics

Author: Fan, Lei, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Ciais, Philippe, Chave, Jérôme, Brandt, Martin, Fensholt, Rasmus, Saatchi, Sassan, Bastos, Ana, Al-Yaari, Amen, Hufkens, Koen, Qin, Yuanwei, Xiao, Xiangming, Chen, Chi, Myneni, Ranga, Fernández-Morán, Roberto, Mialon, Arnaud, Rodriguez-Fernandez, N., Kerr, Yann, Tian, Feng, Penuelas, Josep, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), National University of Defense Technology [China], Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics [Valencia], Universitat de València (UV), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection [Sherbrooke] (CARTEL), Département de géomatique appliquée [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Earth and Environment, Department of Earth Physics & Thermodynamics, Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tsinghua University [Beijing], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Tropical Climate, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Remote Sensing Technology, Spacecraft, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Carbon, Carbon Cycle
Abstract: International audience; Changes in terrestrial tropical carbon stocks have an important role in the global carbon budget. However, current observational tools do not allow accurate and large-scale monitoring of the spatial distribution and dynamics of carbon stocks'. Here, we used low-frequency L-band passive microwave observations to compute a direct and spatially explicit quantification of annual aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes and show that the tropical net AGC budget was approximately in balance during 2010 to 2017, the net budget being composed of gross losses of -2.86 PgC yr(-1) offset by gross gains of -2.97 PgC yr(-1) between continents. Large interannual and spatial fluctuations of tropical AGC were quantified during the wet 2011 La Nina year and throughout the extreme dry and warm 2015-2016 El Nino episode. These interannual fluctuations, controlled predominantly by semiarid biomes, were shown to be closely related to independent global atmospheric CO2 growth-rate anomalies (Pearson's r = 0.86), highlighting the pivotal role of tropical AGC in the global carbon budget.
Published: 2019

28. Detecting the onset of autumn leaf senescence in deciduous forest trees of the temperate zone

Author: Manuela Balzarolo, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Bertold Mariën, Inge Dox, Charly Geron, Marchand J. Lorène, Matteo Campioli, Han Asard, Sebastien Leys, Hamada AbdElgawad, University of Antwerp (UA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Liège, Beni-Suef University, 12U8918N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Canopy, Breakpoints, Time Factors, Physiology, Fagus sylvatica, Autumn senescence, Plant Science, Forests, Temperate deciduous forest, 01 natural sciences, Article, Trees, Quercus robur, Canopy dynamics, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Temperate climate, Beech, Biology, biology, Phenology, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, Leaf coloration and fall, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, Deciduous, Betula pendula, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Information on the onset of the leaf senescence in temperate deciduous trees and comparisons on its assessment methods are limited, hampering our understanding of autumn dynamics. We compare five field proxies, five remote sensing proxies and two data analysis approaches to assess leaf senescence onset at one main beech stand, two stands of oak and birch and three ancillary stands of the same species in Belgium during 2017 and 2018. Across species and sites, onset of leaf senescence was not significantly different for the field proxies based on chlorophyll leaf content and canopy coloration, except for an advanced canopy coloration during the extremely dry and warm 2018. Two remote sensing indices provided results fully consistent with the field data. A significant lag emerged between leaf senescence onset and leaf fall, and when a threshold of 50% change in the seasonal variable under study (e.g. chlorophyll content) was used to derive the leaf senescence onset. Our results provide unprecedented information on the quality and applicability of different proxies to assess leaf senescence onset in temperate deciduous trees. In addition, a sound base is offered to select the most suited methods for the different disciplines that need this type of data.
Published: 2019

29. Contrasting effects of CO 2 fertilization, land-use change and warming on seasonal amplitude of Northern Hemisphere CO 2 exchange

Author: Bastos, Ana, Ciais, Philippe, Chevallier, Frédéric, Rödenbeck, Christian, Ballantyne, Ashley, Maignan, Fabienne, Yin, Yi, Fernández-Martínez, Marcos, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Penuelas, Josep, Piao, Shilong, Sitch, Stephen, Smith, William, Wang, Xuhui, Zhu, Zaichun, Haverd, Vanessa, Kato, Etsushi, Jain, Atul, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, Nabel, Julia, Peylin, Philippe, Poulter, Benjamin, Zhu, Dan, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Soochow University, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Montana State University (MSU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Continuous atmospheric CO 2 monitoring data indicate an increase in the amplitude of seasonal CO 2-cycle exchange (SCA NBP) in northern high latitudes. The major drivers of enhanced SCA NBP remain unclear and intensely debated, with land-use change, CO 2 fertilization and warming being identified as likely contributors. We integrated CO 2-flux data from two atmospheric inversions (consistent with atmospheric records) and from 11 state-of-the-art land-surface models (LSMs) to evaluate the relative importance of individual contributors to trends and drivers of the SCA NBP of CO 2 fluxes for 1980-2015. The LSMs generally reproduce the latitudinal increase in SCA NBP trends within the inversions range. Inversions and LSMs attribute SCA NBP increase to boreal Asia and Europe due to enhanced vegetation productivity (in LSMs) and point to contrasting effects of CO 2 fertilization (positive) and warming (negative) on SCA NBP. Our results do not support land-use change as a key contributor to the increase in SCA NBP. The sensitivity of simulated microbial respiration to temperature in LSMs explained biases in SCA NBP trends, which suggests that SCA NBP could help to constrain model turnover times.
Published: 2019

30. Trends in soil solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations across European forests

Author: Elena Vanguelova, Philippe Ciais, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Sara Vicca, Marta Camino-Serrano, Tiina M. Nieminen, Arne Verstraeten, Uwe Klinck, Laure Gandois, Anne Thimonier, James Johnson, Bertrand Guenet, Jordi Sardans, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Zora Lachmanová, Antti-Jussi Lindroos, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Mathieu Jonard, Kasia Sawicka, Josep Peñuelas, Sophia Etzold, Walter Seidling, Lars Vesterdal, Peter Waldner, Henning Meesenburg, Ivan A. Janssens, Bert Gielen, Karin Hansen, Guia Cecchini, Nicholas Clarke, Zoran Galić, Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), University of Antwerp (UA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), School of Computer and Information Science [Edith Cowan University], Edith Cowan University, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Eastern Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Life, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Dissolved organic carbon, Life Science, Soil solution, Forest, Sulfate, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, lcsh:Geology, Europe, lcsh:QH501-531, Bodemgeografie en Landschap, Trend analysis, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, soil solution, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Rate change, Soil Geography and Landscape, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 5568 M. Camino-Serrano et al.: Trends in soil solution dissolved organic carbon Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters is connected to DOC in soil solution through hydrological pathways. Therefore, it is expected that long-term dynamics of DOC in surface waters reflect DOC trends in soil solution. However, a multitude of site studies have failed so far to establish consistent trends in soil solution DOC, whereas increasing concentrations in European surface waters over the past decades appear to be the norm, possibly as a result of recovery from acidification. The objectives of this study were therefore to understand the long-term trends of soil solution DOC from a large number of European forests (ICP Forests Level II plots) and determine their main physico-chemical and biological controls. We applied trend analysis at two levels: (1) to the entire European dataset and (2) to the individual time series and related trends with plot characteristics , i.e., soil and vegetation properties, soil solution chemistry and atmospheric deposition loads. Analyses of the entire dataset showed an overall increasing trend in DOC concentrations in the organic layers, but, at individual plots and depths, there was no clear overall trend in soil solution DOC. The rate change in soil solution DOC ranged between −16.8 and +23 % yr −1 (median = +0.4 % yr −1) across Eu-rope. The non-significant trends (40 %) outnumbered the increasing (35 %) and decreasing trends (25 %) across the 97 ICP Forests Level II sites. By means of multivariate statistics , we found increasing trends in DOC concentrations with increasing mean nitrate (NO − 3) deposition and increasing trends in DOC concentrations with decreasing mean sulfate (SO 2− 4) deposition, with the magnitude of these relationships depending on plot deposition history. While the attribution of increasing trends in DOC to the reduction of SO 2− 4 deposi-tion could be confirmed in low to medium N deposition areas, in agreement with observations in surface waters, this was not the case in high N deposition areas. In conclusion, long-term trends of soil solution DOC reflected the interactions between controls acting at local (soil and vegetation properties) and regional (atmospheric deposition of SO 2− 4 and inorganic N) scales.
Published: 2016

31. Matching the phenology of Net Ecosystem Exchange and vegetation indices estimated with MODIS and FLUXNET in-situ observations

Author: Thomas Grünwald, Andrew E. Suyker, Joanna A. Horemans, Frank Veroustraete, Yongshuo H. Fu, Josep Peñuelas, Dario Papale, Jan Elbers, Manuela Balzarolo, Sara Vicca, Anthony L. Nguy-Robertson, Damien Bonal, Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), University of Antwerp (UA), School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Peking University [Beijing], Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), and Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Correlation coefficient, Economics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant functional types (PFT's), 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, Growing season, Start of net carbon uptake (SGS(NEE)), 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Vegetation indices (VI's), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling, FluxNet, Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Ecosystem, Computers in Earth Sciences, Biology, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Start of growing season (SGS), Phenology, Physics, Geology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Climate Resilience, Chemistry, Plant Breeding, Start of net carbon uptake (SGS), 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Start of net carbon uptake (SGSNEE), Environmental science, Scale (map), Engineering sciences. Technology
Abstract: International audience; Shifts in ecosystem phenology play an important role in the definition of inter-annual variability of net ecosystem carbon uptake. A good estimate at the global scale of ecosystem phenology, mainly that of photosynthesis or gross primary productivity (GPP), may be provided by vegetation indices derived from MODIS satellite image data.However, the relationship between the start date of a growing (or greening) season (SGS) when derived from different vegetation indices (VI's), and the starting day of carbon uptake is not well elucidated. Additionally, the validation of existing phenology data with in-situ measurements is largely missing. We have investigated the possibility to use different VI's to predict the starting day of the growing season for 28 FLUXNET sites as well as MODIS data. This analysis included main plant functional types (PFT's).Of all VI's taken into account in this paper, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) shows the highest correlation coefficient for the relationship between the starting day of the growing season as observed with MODIS and in-situ observations. However, MODIS observations elicit a 20-21 days earlier SGS date compared to in-situ observations. The prediction for the NEE start of the growing season diverges when using different VI's, and seems to depend on the amplitude for carbon and VI and on PFT. The optimal VI for estimation of a SGS date was PFT-specific for example the WRDVI for cropland, but the MODIS NDVI performed best when applied as an estimator for Net Ecosystem Exchange and when considering all PFF's pooled.
Published: 2016

32. Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean

Author: Joel Guiot, Maria Snoussi, Ana Iglesias, Michael N. Tsimplis, Manfred A. Lange, Elena Xoplaki, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Joaquim Garrabou, Maria Carmen Llasat, Marianela Fader, Shlomit Paz, Josep Peñuelas, Andrea Toreti, Wolfgang Cramer, Piero Lionello, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M), Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Department of Physics [Lecce], Università del Salento [Lecce], Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig- University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Mohamed V, Rabat, School of Law, Hong Kong City University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid], Cramer, Wolfgang, Guiot, Joël, Fader, Marianela, Garrabou, Joaquim, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Iglesias, Ana, Lange, Manfred A., Lionello, Piero, Llasat, Maria Carmen, Paz, Shlomit, Peñuelas, Josep, Snoussi, Maria, Toreti, Andrea, Tsimplis, Michael N., and Xoplaki, Elena
Subjects: Water resources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Paris Agreement, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Ecosystem services, Environmental impact, Change Projections, Environmental impact assessment, Region, Global Change, Change Impacts, Environmental planning, Sea-Level Rise, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sustainable development, Land use, business.industry, Ocean Acidification, Water, Agriculture, Heat Waves, Europe, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, Climate-change impacts, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Cramer, Wolfgang ... et al.-- 9 pages, 3 figures, Recent accelerated climate change has exacerbated existing environmental problems in the Mediterranean Basin that are caused by the combination of changes in land use, increasing pollution and declining biodiversity. For five broad and interconnected impact domains (water, ecosystems, food, health and security), current change and future scenarios consistently point to significant and increasing risks during the coming decades. Policies for the sustainable development of Mediterranean countries need to mitigate these risks and consider adaptation options, but currently lack adequate information — particularly for the most vulnerable southern Mediterranean societies, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based. A dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway and aims to provide a better understanding of the combined risks posed, Coordination was supported by the Laboratory of Excellence OT-Med (A*MIdex project no. 11-IDEX-0001-02)
Published: 2018

33. Coupling of ecosystem-scale plant water storage and leaf phenology observed by satellite

Author: Josep Peñuelas, Jérôme Ogée, Jean-Christophe Domec, Jonas Ardö, Torbern Tagesson, Feng Tian, Arnaud Mialon, Xiaoye Tong, Philippe Ciais, Chi Chen, Yann Kerr, Ranga B. Myneni, Rasmus Fensholt, Anders Ræbild, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Martin Brandt, Amen Al-Yaari, Jérôme Chave, Wenmin Zhang, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Tsinghua University [Beijing], Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), National University of Defense Technology [China], Department of Earth and Environment, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection [Sherbrooke] (CARTEL), Département de géomatique appliquée [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement 746347, European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: Satellite Imagery, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Hydrology (agriculture), Ecosystem, Water cycle, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Ecology, Water storage, Water, 15. Life on land, Plant ecology, Plant Leaves, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Seasons, Ecosystem ecology
Abstract: International audience; Plant water storage is fundamental to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems by participating in plant metabolism, nutrient and sugar transport, and maintenance of the integrity of the hydraulic system of the plant. However, a global view of the size and dynamics of the water pools stored in plant tissues is still lacking. Here, we report global patterns of seasonal variations in ecosystem-scale plant water storage and their relationship with leaf phenology, based on space-borne measurements of L-band vegetation optical depth. We find that seasonal variations in plant water storage are highly synchronous with leaf phenology for the boreal and temperate forests, but asynchronous for the tropical woodlands, where the seasonal development of plant water storage lags behind leaf area by up to 180 days. Contrasting patterns of the time lag between plant water storage and terrestrial groundwater storage are also evident in these ecosystems. A comparison of the water cycle components in seasonally dry tropical woodlands highlights the buffering effect of plant water storage on the seasonal dynamics of water supply and demand. Our results offer insights into ecosystem-scale plant water relations globally and provide a basis for an improved parameterization of eco-hydrological and Earth system models.
Published: 2018

34. Inter- and intra-specific trait shifts among sites differing in drought conditions at the north western edge of the Mediterranean Region

Author: Francisco Lloret, Karl Grigulis, Eric Garnier, Marie-Laure Navas, Sandra Lavorel, Catherine Roumet, Denis Vile, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 'Biogéographie fonctionnelle des plantes du bassin méditerranéen' project funded by the BioDivMex initiative and was conducted with the support of LabEx CeMEB (convention ANR-10-LABX-0004) through the funding of the 'Plant functional biogeography in the Mediterranean' project, ANR-10-LABX-0004/10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Specific leaf area, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Multivariate functional space, Climate change, Plant Science, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Seed mass, Form and function, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Within-species trait variability, Ecology, Water availability, food and beverages, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Plant height, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Leaf traits, Trait, Life form, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water economy, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Identifying consistent and predictable associations between traits and environment is one of the oldest quest of ecology. Yet, there are few formal and robust quantification of such associations, which seriously impedes our capacity to predict how ecological systems respond to global changes, including climate. This study was designed to assess how differences in environmental conditions affect plant form and function in a wide array of species.Twelve traits were measured on 40 species in three Mediterranean sites differing in drought conditions. Some species being common among sites, 78 species belonging to four major Raunkiær life form categories were studied. These traits correspond to: (i) plant size: vegetative and maximum plant height, (ii) seed mass, (iii) leaf morpho-anatomical traits: leaf area, specific leaf area, dry matter content and thickness, (iv) leaf chemical composition: mass based nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon contents, and carbon isotopic fraction.On average, there was a shift in the phenotypic space towards more resource conservative and taller species in the drier sites. These changes were not always consistent for hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes on the one hand, and for phanerophytes on the other hand. This is interpreted as different species responding to different aspects of complex changes in environmental factors. Intraspecific trait variation differed among species, and was lower than interspecific variation. Changes in site-average trait values were therefore mostly driven by species turnover among sites.The traits selected do not respond strongly to the differences in environmental conditions however, resulting in a moderate shift in the phenotypic space between sites. We argue that traits more directly related to plant water economy should be considered for an improved description of plant phenotypic response to the environmental factors at stake. The implications for the prediction of plant responses to climate changes likely to occur in the Mediterranean Region are discussed.
Published: 2018

35. Human dissemination of genes and microorganisms in Earth's Critical Zone

Author: Josep Peñuelas, Yong-Guan Zhu, Pascal Simonet, Michael R. Gillings, Steven A. Banwart, Dov J. Stekel, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ampère, Département Bioingénierie (BioIng), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Biogeochemical cycle, Earth, Planet, Microorganism, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Resistome, 03 medical and health sciences, Planetary health, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Anthropocene, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Gene, Nitrogen cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Human impacts, Global and Planetary Change, Bacteria, Ecology, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Biosphere, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Xenogenetic, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Hydrosphere
Abstract: International audience; Earth's Critical Zone sustains terrestrial life and consists of the thin planetary surface layer between unaltered rock and the atmospheric boundary. Within this zone, flows of energy and materials are mediated by physical processes and by the actions of diverse organisms. Human activities significantly influence these physical and biological processes, affecting the atmosphere, shallow lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The role of organisms includes an additional class of biogeochemical cycling, this being the flow and transformation of genetic information. This is particularly the case for the microorganisms that govern carbon and nitrogen cycling. These biological processes are mediated by the expression of functional genes and their translation into enzymes that catalyze geochemical reactions. Understanding human effects on microbial activity, fitness and distribution is an important component of Critical Zone science, but is highly challenging to investigate across the enormous physical scales of impact ranging from individual organisms to the planet. One arena where this might be tractable is by studying the dynamics and dissemination of genes for antibiotic resistance and the organisms that carry such genes. Here we explore the transport and transformation of microbial genes and cells through Earth's Critical Zone. We do so by examining the origins and rise of antibiotic resistance genes, their subsequent dissemination, and the ongoing colonization of diverse ecosystems by resistant organisms.
Published: 2018

36. Global trait–environment relationships of plant communities

Author: Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Maurizio Mencuccini, Zhiyao Tang, Norbert Jürgens, Christopher Baraloto, Robert K. Peet, Jérôme Munzinger, Josep Peñuelas, Peter M. van Bodegom, Erwin Bergmeier, Wim A. Ozinga, Isabelle Aubin, Yadvinder Malhi, Michele De Sanctis, William Farfan-Rios, Marten Winter, Benjamin Blonder, Jordi Sardans, Christian Wirth, Valério D. Pillar, Nicole J. Fenton, Ilona Knollová, Jiří Doležal, Miguel D. Mahecha, Jens Kattge, Marijn Bauters, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Jonathan Lenoir, Peter B. Reich, Florian Jansen, Jorcely Barroso, Frédérique Louault, Anne D. Bjorkman, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Michael Kleyer, Matteo Dainese, Dylan Craven, Andraž Čarni, Anita K. Smyth, Gunnar Seidler, Idoia Biurrun, Ted R. Feldpausch, Javier Silva Espejo, Helge Bruelheide, Risto Virtanen, Tarek Hattab, Franziska Schrodt, Greg R. Guerin, Sandra Díaz, Anke Jentsch, Jürgen Dengler, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Kate H. Orwin, Bruno Hérault, Tomáš Černý, Stephan M. Hennekens, Erik Welk, Frederic Lens, Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin Khan, Jacqueline Loos, Kiril Vassilev, Milan Chytrý, Jonas V. Müller, Christine Römermann, Sylvia Haider, Géraldine Derroire, Marcos Silveira, Greg H. R. Henry, Petr Petřík, Ülo Niinemets, Zygmunt Kącki, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Michael Kessler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Evan Weiher, Andrey Yu. Korolyuk, Richard Field, Raquel Thomas, Eric Garnier, Luis Cayuela, Brody Sandel, Cyrille Violle, Jens-Christian Svenning, Corrado Marcenò, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Daniel C. Laughlin, Pedro Higuchi, Jürgen Homeier, Ute Jandt, Fabio Attorre, Karsten Wesche, Norbert Hölzel, Oliver L. Phillips, Ingolf Kühn, Marco Schmidt, Meelis Pärtel, David A. Neill, Maria Sporbert, Mariyana Lyubenova, Oliver Purschke, Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Jan Altman, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Universität Bayreuth, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), UR Ecol & Dynam Syst Anthropises EDYSAN, UMR CNRS 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, ALTERRA Wageningen, ALTERRA, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Fundación Con-Vida, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, National Institute of Biology [Ljubljana], Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, Kista Photonics Research Center (KPRC) (KTH), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), AgroParisTech, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecosystèmes et Ressources Aquatiques (UR03AGRO1), Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Zurich, Landscape Ecology Group, University of Oldenburg, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Estonian University of Life Sciences, University of Nijmegen, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Universität Regensburg (REGENSBURG), Universität Regensburg, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Dept Biol Sci, Ecoinformat & Biodivers Grp, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Dept Biol, University of Oulu, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Department of Botany, Senckenberg Natural History Museum, Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Philips Research Europe - Hamburg, Sector Medical Imaging Systems, Philips Research, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Chercheur indépendant, Department of Ecological Modelling [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University (UWS), Bruelheide H., Dengler J., Purschke O., Lenoir J., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Hennekens S.M., Botta-Dukat Z., Chytry M., Field R., Jansen F., Kattge J., Pillar V.D., Schrodt F., Mahecha M.D., Peet R.K., Sandel B., van Bodegom P., Altman J., Alvarez-Davila E., Arfin Khan M.A.S., Attorre F., Aubin I., Baraloto C., Barroso J.G., Bauters M., Bergmeier E., Biurrun I., Bjorkman A.D., Blonder B., Carni A., Cayuela L., Cerny T., Cornelissen J.H.C., Craven D., Dainese M., Derroire G., De Sanctis M., Diaz S., Dolezal J., Farfan-Rios W., Feldpausch T.R., Fenton N.J., Garnier E., Guerin G.R., Gutierrez A.G., Haider S., Hattab T., Henry G., Herault B., Higuchi P., Holzel N., Homeier J., Jentsch A., Jurgens N., Kacki Z., Karger D.N., Kessler M., Kleyer M., Knollova I., Korolyuk A.Y., Kuhn I., Laughlin D.C., Lens F., Loos J., Louault F., Lyubenova M.I., Malhi Y., Marceno C., Mencuccini M., Muller J.V., Munzinger J., Myers-Smith I.H., Neill D.A., Niinemets U., Orwin K.H., Ozinga W.A., Penuelas J., Perez-Haase A., Petrik P., Phillips O.L., Partel M., Reich P.B., Romermann C., Rodrigues A.V., Sabatini F.M., Sardans J., Schmidt M., Seidler G., Silva Espejo J.E., Silveira M., Smyth A., Sporbert M., Svenning J.-C., Tang Z., Thomas R., Tsiripidis I., Vassilev K., Violle C., Virtanen R., Weiher E., Welk E., Wesche K., Winter M., Wirth C., Jandt U., Systems Ecology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, forests, grassland, life history traits, plant dispersal, plants, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Environmental planning, OT PB Vredepeel, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, diversité fonctionnelle, Ecology, Vegetation, Plants, Grassland, économie foliaire, Biogeography, Community Ecology, Ecosystems Research, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, F40 - Écologie végétale, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, education, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Life History Trait, Biology, Sustainability Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, température, Life Science, prédiction, Ecosystem, Forest, 577: Ökologie, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, climat, Plant Dispersal, Niche differentiation, Plant community, 15. Life on land, Disturbance (ecology), Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Plant functional traits directly affect ecosystem functions. At the species level, trait combinations depend on trade-offs representing different ecological strategies, but at the community level trait combinations are expected to be decoupled from these trade-offs because different strategies can facilitate co-existence within communities. A key question is to what extent community-level trait composition is globally filtered and how well it is related to global versus local environmental drivers. Here, we perform a global, plot-level analysis of trait-environment relationships, using a database with more than 1.1 million vegetation plots and 26,632 plant species with trait information. Although we found a strong filtering of 17 functional traits, similar climate and soil conditions support communities differing greatly in mean trait values. The two main community trait axes that capture half of the global trait variation (plant stature and resource acquisitiveness) reflect the trade-offs at the species level but are weakly associated with climate and soil conditions at the global scale. Similarly, within-plot trait variation does not vary systematically with macro-environment. Our results indicate that, at fine spatial grain, macro-environmental drivers are much less important for functional trait composition than has been assumed from floristic analyses restricted to co-occurrence in large grid cells. Instead, trait combinations seem to be predominantly filtered by local-scale factors such as disturbance, fine-scale soil conditions, niche partitioning and biotic interactions.
Published: 2018

37. El Impacto del CC en los sectores biofísicos

Author: Valero Garcés, Blas, Galop, Didier, Camarero, Lluis, Catalan, Jordi, Moreno, Ana, Barreiro-Lostres, Fernando, López Moreno, Juan Ignacio, Ruiz, José-Maria Garcia, Gil Romera, Graciela, Morellón, Mario, González-Sampériz, Penélope, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología-CSIC (IPE-CSIC), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), and Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]
Subjects: [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Holoceno, Clima, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, los Pirineos
Abstract: International audience; Los cambios en el clima durante el Holoceno (últimos 11700 años) han tenido importantes impactos en el territorio pirenaico y sus sistemas biofísicos. Particularmente significativos han sido los cambios en la disponibilidad hídrica y en la cubierta vegetal, así como en la dinámica de la criosfera y los procesos superficiales de erosión y transporte de sedimentos. A escala milenaria, el Holoceno presenta una estructura tripartita con una fase inicial con progresivo desarrollo del bosque e intensificación de los procesos superficiales de erosión y transporte hasta hace unos 8000 años, seguida de una con el máximo desarrollo del bosque en el piso montano hasta hace unos 4500 años, descenso de los procesos erosivos y menor disponibilidad hídrica y finalmente una relativamente húmeda hasta la actualidad. El impacto en el territorio de las fases más cálidas y secas durante la Anomalía Climática Medieval (900-1300 CE) y más frías y húmedas de la Pequeña Edad del Hielo (1400-1850 CE) está fuertemente modulado por la actividad antrópica. Los cambios recientes muestran las sinergias entre el Calentamiento Global y la Gran Aceleración.Durante el Holoceno (últimos 11700 años) se han producido importantes oscilaciones climáticas que han generado cambios de diferente intensidad y duración en la distribución de la vegetación, los procesos de erosión del suelo y generación de avenidas, la dinámica de los ecosistemas de montaña, los recursos hídricos e incluso de las actividades humanas en los Pirineos (García-Ruiz et al., 2015). En esta sección resumimos los principales impactos en la hidrosfera, criosfera, biosfera y en las sociedades humanas durante este periodo, basados en el estudio de depósitos glaciales, fluviales, lacustres y de espeleotemas.
Published: 2018

38. Carbon costs and benefits of France’s biomass energy production targets

Author: Ingride Jesus Van Der Kellen, Valentin Bellassen, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Sylvestre Njakou Djomo, Aude Valade, Patrick Vallet, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), University of Amsterdam, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture (IRSTEA), Aarhus University, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Aarhus University [Aarhus], and Systems Ecology
Subjects: biomass energy, Renewable energy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, forest, France, carbon budget, bioenergy, carbon debt, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Carbon balance, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Forest stands, Product substitution, Wood-use, Forest growth, Energy substitution, Forest modelling, Wood harvest, Bioenergy, Merit order, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Forest inventory, Wood production, business.industry, Research, Fossil fuel, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, business, Energy source
Abstract: Background Concern about climate change has motivated France to reduce its reliance on fossil fuel by setting targets for increased biomass-based renewable energy production. This study quantifies the carbon costs and benefits for the French forestry sector in meeting these targets. A forest growth and harvest simulator was developed for French forests using recent forest inventory data, and the wood-use chain was reconstructed from national wood product statistics. We then projected wood production, bioenergy production, and carbon balance for three realistic intensification scenarios and a business-as-usual scenario. These intensification scenarios targeted either overstocked, harvest-delayed or currently actively managed stands. Results All three intensification strategies produced 11.6–12.4 million tonnes of oil equivalent per year of wood-based energy by 2026, which corresponds to the target assigned to French wood-energy to meet the EU 2020 renewable energy target. Sustaining this level past 2026 will be challenging, let alone further increasing it. Although energy production targets can be reached, the management intensification required will degrade the near-term carbon balance of the forestry sector, compared to continuing present-day management. Even for the best-performing intensification strategy, i.e., reducing the harvest diameter of actively managed stands, the carbon benefits would only become apparent after 2040. The carbon balance of a strategy putting abandoned forests back into production would only break even by 2055; the carbon balance from increasing thinning in managed but untended stands would not break even within the studied time periods, i.e. 2015–2045 and 2046–2100. Owing to the temporal dynamics in the components of the carbon balance, i.e., the biomass stock in the forest, the carbon stock in wood products, and substitution benefits, the merit order of the examined strategies varies over time. Conclusions No single solution was found to improve the carbon balance of the forestry sector by 2040 in a way that also met energy targets. We therefore searched for the intensification scenario that produces energy at the lowest carbon cost. Reducing rotation time of actively managed stands is slightly more efficient than targeting harvest-delayed stands, but in both cases, each unit of energy produced has a carbon cost that only turns into a benefit between 2060 and 2080. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13021-018-0113-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

39. Riparian forest transpiration under the current and projected Mediterranean climate: Effects on soil water and nitrate uptake: Riparian forest transpiration effects on soil water and nitrate uptake

Author: Sílvia Poblador, Zahra Thomas, Pauline Rousseau-Gueutin, Santiago Sabaté, Francesc Sabater, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciencies Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Department d´ Ecologia, and Facultat de Biologia
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water flow, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Aquatic Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Evapotranspiration, Riparian forest, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Water content, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Riparian zone, Transpiration, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science, Groundwater
Abstract: International audience; Vegetation plays a key role in riparian area functioning by controlling water and nitrate (N─NO3−) transfers to streams. We investigated how spatial heterogeneity modifies the influence of vegetation transpiration on soil water and N─NO3− balances in the vadose soil of a Mediterranean riparian forest. On the basis of field data, we simulated water flow and N─NO3− transport in three riparian zones (i.e., near‐stream, intermediate, and hillslope) using HYDRUS‐1D model. We investigated spatiotemporal patterns across the riparian area over a 3‐year period and future years using an IPCC/CMIP5 climate projection for the Mediterranean region. Potential evapotranspiration was partitioned between evaporation and transpiration to estimate transpiration rates at the area. Denitrification in the forest was negligible, thus N─NO3− removal was only considered through plant uptake. For the three riparian zones, the model successfully predicted field soil moisture (θ). The near‐stream zone exchanged larger volumes of water and supported higher θ and transpiration rates (666 ± 75 mm) than the other two riparian zones. Total water fluxes, θ, and transpiration rates decreased near the intermediate (536 ± 46 mm transpired) and hillslope zones (406 ± 26 mm transpired), suggesting that water availability was restricted due to deeper groundwater. Transpiration strongly decreased θ and soil N─NO3− in the hillslope and intermediate zones. Our climate projections highlight the importance of groundwater availability and indicate that soil N─NO3− would be expected to increase due to changes in plant‐root uptake. Lower water availability in the hillslope zone may reduce the effectiveness of N─NO3− removal in the riparian area, increasing the risk of excess N─NO3− leaching into the stream.
Published: 2018

40. Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100

Author: Ivan A. Janssens, Philippe Ciais, Shushi Peng, Rong Wang, Feng Zhou, Shu Tao, Jordi Sardans, Yves Balkanski, Didier Hauglustaine, Shilong Piao, Bengang Li, Daniel S. Goll, Nicolas Vuichard, Bertrand Guenet, Ye Huang, Josep Peñuelas, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Boucher, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon (LIA), Avignon Université (AU)-Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI, Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Carbon Sequestration, Time Factors, South asia, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry.chemical_element, Forests, Nitrogen deposition, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Phosphorus deposition, Nutrient, Environmental Chemistry, Aerosol, Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Nutrient retention, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Carbon uptake, Phosphorus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plants, 15. Life on land, Stoichiometry, Deposition rate, Chemistry, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Nutrient limitation, Environmental chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Forest carbon sink, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Seasons
Abstract: Agraïments: The authors thank Ether/ECCAD for the distribution of emissions used in this study. This study was funded by FABIO, a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship funded by the European Commission (Project No 628735) and the IMBALANCE-P project of the European Research Council (ERC-2013-SyG-610028). The simulations were performed using DSM-CCRT resources under the GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif) allocation of computer time (grant 2016-t2014012201). Spatial patterns and temporal trends of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition are important for quantifying their impact on forest carbon (C) uptake. In a first step, we modeled historical and future change in the global distributions of the atmospheric deposition of N and P from the dry and wet deposition of aerosols and gases containing N and P. Future projections were compared between two scenarios with contrasting aerosol emissions. Modeled fields of N and P deposition and P concentration were evaluated using globally distributed in situ measurements. N deposition peaked around 1990 in European forests and around 2010 in East Asian forests, and both increased sevenfold relative to 1850. P deposition peaked around 2010 in South Asian forests and increased 3.5-fold relative to 1850. In a second step, we estimated the change in C storage in forests due to the fertilization by deposited N and P (∆Cν dep), based on the retention of deposited nutrients, their allocation within plants, and C:N and C:P stoichiometry. ∆Cν dep for 1997-2013 was estimated to be 0.27 ± 0.13 Pg C year−1 from N and 0.054 ± 0.10 Pg C year−1 from P, contributing 9% and 2% of the terrestrial C sink, respectively. Sensitivity tests show that uncertainty of ∆Cν dep was larger from P than from N, mainly due to uncertainty in the fraction of deposited P that is fixed by soil. ∆CP dep was exceeded by ∆CN dep over 1960-2007 in a large area of East Asian and West European forests due to a faster growth in N deposition than P. Our results suggest a significant contribution of anthropogenic P deposition to C storage, and additional sources of N are needed to support C storage by P in some Asian tropical forests where the deposition rate increased even faster for P than for N.
Published: 2017

41. Velocity of change in vegetation productivity over northern high latitudes

Author: Donghai Wu, Mengtian Huang, Shushi Peng, Hui Yang, Philippe Ciais, Ranga B. Myneni, Shilong Piao, Ivan A. Janssens, Marc Peaucelle, Josep Peñuelas, Tao Wang, Zaichun Zhu, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], University of Antwerp (UA), Soochow University, Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Climate change, Plant Development, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Latitude, Mean radiant temperature, Photosynthesis, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Plant Physiological Phenomena, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Phenology, Climate-change ecology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Chemistry, Productivity (ecology), Biogeography, 13. Climate action, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Seasons, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract: Altres ajuts: This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41530528), and the 111 Project (B14001) Warming is projected to increase the productivity of northern ecosystems. However, knowledge on whether the northward displacement of vegetation productivity isolines matches that of temperature isolines is still limited. Here we compared changes in the spatial patterns of vegetation productivity and temperature using the velocity of change concept, which expresses these two variables in the same unit of displacement per time. We show that across northern regions (>50° N), the average velocity of change in growing-season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIGS, an indicator of vegetation productivity; 2.8 ± 1.1 km yr⁻¹) is lower than that of growing-season mean temperature (TGS; 5.4 ± 1.0 km yr⁻¹). In fact, the NDVIGS velocity was less than half of the TGS velocity in more than half of the study area, indicating that the northward movement of productivity isolines is much slower than that of temperature isolines across the majority of northern regions (about 80% of the area showed faster changes in temperature than productivity isolines). We tentatively attribute this mismatch between the velocities of productivity and temperature to the effects of limited resource availability and vegetation acclimation mechanisms. Analyses of ecosystem model simulations further suggested that limited nitrogen availability is a crucial obstacle for vegetation to track the warming trend.
Published: 2017

42. On the causes of trends in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO 2

Author: Stephen Sitch, Philippe Ciais, Shilong Piao, Josep Peñuelas, Shushi Peng, Pierre Friedlingstein, Yitong Yao, Frédéric Chevallier, Tao Wang, Ivan A. Janssens, Zhuo Liu, Yilong Wang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Peking University [Beijing], ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), University of Exeter, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Exeter Climate Systems, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, Institut Non Linéaire de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (INLN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Biome, Northern Hemisphere, Climate change, Subtropics, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Chemistry, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Ecosystem respiration, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: No consensus has yet been reached on the major factors driving the observed increase in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2 in the northern latitudes. In this study, we used atmospheric CO2 records from 26 northern hemisphere stations with a temporal coverage longer than 15 years, and an atmospheric transport model prescribed with net biome productivity (NBP) from an ensemble of nine terrestrial ecosystem models, to attribute change in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2. We found significant (p < .05) increases in seasonal peak-to-trough CO2 amplitude (AMP(P-T)) at nine stations, and in trough-to-peak amplitude (AMP(T-P)) at eight stations over the last three decades. Most of the stations that recorded increasing amplitudes are in Arctic and boreal regions (> 50 degrees N), consistent with previous observations that the amplitude increased faster at Barrow (Arctic) than at Mauna Loa (subtropics). The multi-model ensemble mean (MMEM) shows that the response of ecosystem carbon cycling to rising CO2 concentration (eCO(2)) and climate change are dominant drivers of the increase in AMP(P-T) and AMP(T-P) in the high latitudes. At the Barrow station, the observed increase of AMP(P-T) and AMP(T-P) over the last 33 years is explained by eCO(2) (39% and 42%) almost equally than by climate change (32% and 35%). The increased carbon losses during the months with a net carbon release in response to eCO(2) are associated with higher ecosystem respiration due to the increase in carbon storage caused by eCO(2) during carbon uptake period. Air-sea CO2 fluxes (10% for AMP(P-T) and 11% for AMP(T-P)) and the impacts of land-use change (marginally significant 3% for AMP(P-T) and 4% for AMP(T-P)) also contributed to the CO2 measured at Barrow, highlighting the role of these factors in regulating seasonal changes in the global carbon cycle.
Published: 2017

43. Nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil may control forest structure and dynamics in poor Amazonian soils

Author: Mathilde Desprez, Stéphane Guitet, Lilian Blanc, Josep Peñuelas, Christopher Baraloto, Bruno Hérault, Jérôme Chave, Jordi Sardans, Ivan A. Janssens, Aurélie Dourdain, Bruno Ferry, Oriol Grau, Vincent Freycon, Laurent Descroix, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF), Forêts et Sociétés (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 Forêts et Sociétés), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONF Guyane, Réserve de Montabo, Office National des Forêts (ONF), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Antwerp (UA), Spanish Government projects CGL2013-48074, ANR-10-LABX-25-01, TULIP, ref. ANR-10-LABX-0041)., Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Litière forestière, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, forêt tropicale, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Nutrient, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, Dynamique des populations, Biomass, Transport des substances nutritives, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Soil chemistry, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, forest ecosystem, Nutrition des plantes, Facteur édaphique, French Guiana, Productivity (ecology), Diamètre, Seasons, Engineering sciences. Technology, Nutrient cycle, forêt tropicale humide, Production forestière, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, complex mixtures, Article, tropical rain forests, Fertilité du sol, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, Croissance, Plant Physiological Phenomena, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, écosystème forestier, Tropical Climate, P35 - Fertilité du sol, 15. Life on land, fertilité chimique, Structure du peuplement, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Soil water, guyane française, Plant sciences, écophysiologie forestière, Espacement
Abstract: Tropical forests store large amounts of biomass despite they generally grow in nutrient-poor soils, suggesting that the role of soil characteristics in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests is complex. We used data for >34 000 trees from several permanent plots in French Guiana to investigate if soil characteristics could predict the structure (tree diameter, density and aboveground biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, aboveground wood productivity) of nutrient-poor tropical forests. Most variables did not covary with site-level changes in soil nutrient content, indicating that nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil (e.g. the nutrient uptake from litter, the resorption, or the storage of nutrients in the biomass), may strongly control forest structure and dynamics. Ecosystem-level adaptations to low soil nutrient availability and long-term low levels of disturbance may help to account for the lower productivity and higher accumulation of biomass in nutrient-poor forests compared to nutrient-richer forests.
Published: 2017

44. Setting temporal baselines for biodiversity: the limits of available monitoring data for capturing the full impact of anthropogenic pressures

Author: Lluís Brotons, Dirk S. Schmeller, Jean-Baptiste Mihoub, Klaus Henle, Neil Brummitt, Nicolas Titeux, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, business.industry, Conservation biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology (disciplines), Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Additional research, Article, Biodiversity conservation, 13. Climate action, Monitoring data, Quantitative assessment, Measurement of biodiversity, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; Temporal baselines are needed for biodiversity, in order for the change in biodiversity to be measured over time, the targets for biodiversity conservation to be defined and conservation progress to be evaluated. Limited biodiversity information is widely recognized as a major barrier for identifying temporal baselines, although a comprehensive quantitative assessment of this is lacking. Here, we report on the temporal baselines that could be drawn from biodiversity monitoring schemes in Europe and compare those with the rise of important anthropogenic pressures. Most biodiversity monitoring schemes were initiated late in the 20 th century, well after anthropogenic pressures had already reached half of their current magnitude. Setting temporal baselines from biodiversity monitoring data would therefore underestimate the full range of impacts of major anthropogenic pressures. In addition, biases among taxa and organization levels provide a truncated picture of biodiversity over time. These limitations need to be explicitly acknowledged when designing management strategies and policies as they seriously constrain our ability to identify relevant conservation targets aimed at restoring or reversing biodiversity losses. We discuss the need for additional research efforts beyond standard biodiversity monitoring to reconstruct the impacts of major anthropogenic pressures and to identify meaningful temporal baselines for biodiversity. A comprehensive understanding of biodiversity responses to anthropogenic pressures is necessary if human development is to remain within planetary boundaries 1 , and for assessing its impact on biological evolution in the Anthropocene 2. Temporal baselines are essential for reliably measuring changes in biodiversity over time 3 , for instance by mitigating the consequences of the shifting reference syndrome 4–6. Further, temporal baselines also frame conservation objectives by identifying the biodiversity reference states aimed for guiding the feasibility of and efforts required to reach those objectives 7 , and by defining the time-period within which progress and change are to be evaluated 8. In this respect, the lack of knowledge about biodiversity states prior to the rise of harmful anthropogenic activities is a critical limitation for understanding the full impact of such pressures and, therefore, for implementing appropriate conservation goals and strategies. Failing to set relevant temporal baselines for biodiversity.
Published: 2017

45. Relative contribution of groundwater to plant transpiration estimated with stable isotopes

Author: Adrià Barbeta, Josep Peñuelas, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), and Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA)
Subjects: stockage d'eau, Stable isotope analysis, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecophysiology, 0208 environmental biotechnology, lcsh:Medicine, stable isotopes, transfert sol racine, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, écosystème, Article, isotope stable, Dry season, groundwater, lcsh:Science, Plant Physiological Phenomena, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, Transpiration, ecosystem, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Plant Transpiration, Edaphic, Groundwater recharge, 15. Life on land, Saprolite, Arid, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, eau souterraine, 13. Climate action, Isotope Labeling, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Seasons, Groundwater
Abstract: Water stored underground in the saturated and subsurface zones below the soil are important sources of water for plants in water-limited ecosystems. The presence of deep-rooted plants worldwide, however, suggests that the use of groundwater is not restricted to arid and seasonally dry ecosystems. We compiled the available data (71 species) on the relative contribution of groundwater to plant water estimated using stable isotopes and mixing models, which provided information about relative groundwater use, and analyzed their variation across different climates, seasons, plant types, edaphic conditions, and landscape positions. Plant use of groundwater was more likely at sites with a pronounced dry season, and represented on average 49 per cent of transpired water in dry seasons and 28 per cent in wet seasons. The relative contribution of groundwater to plant-water uptake was higher on rocky substrates (saprolite, fractured bedrock), which had reduced groundwater uptake when this source was deep belowground. In addition, we found that the connectivity between groundwater pools and plant water may be quantitatively larger and more widespread than reported by recent global estimations based on isotopic averaged values. Earth System Models should account for the feedbacks between transpiration and groundwater recharge.
Published: 2017

46. Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates

Author: Bing Liu, Daniel Wallach, Yan Zhu, Donghai Wu, David B. Lobell, Pierre Martre, Frank Ewert, Ivan A. Janssens, Philippe Ciais, Alex C. Ruane, Tao Li, Xuhui Wang, Erda Lin, Yao Huang, Shushi Peng, Qiang Liu, Christoph Müller, Joshua Elliott, Mengtian Huang, Zhuo Liu, Jean-Louis Durand, Josep Peñuelas, Tao Wang, Senthold Asseng, Yitong Yao, Shilong Piao, Chuang Zhao, Simona Bassu, Zaichun Zhu, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricutural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Department of Earth System Science Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany 100093, Peoples R China, Desertification Research Centre, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Chicago Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], International Rice Research Institute [Philippines] (IRRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Climate Impacts and Vulnerabilities, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Sassari, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Stanford University [Stanford], Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn-Division of Plant Nutrition, International Rice Research Institute, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Hot Temperature, changement de température, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, impact sur le rendement, méthode analytique, maize, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural science, wheat, Greenhouse effect, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Multidisciplinary, Food security, Major food crops, food and beverages, Biological Sciences, temperature increase, Climate change impact, Engineering sciences. Technology, Crops, Agricultural, major food crops, Yield, Global food security, maïs, Climate Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Poaceae, Models, Biological, Crop, Temperature increase, blé, soja, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, soya bean, Global temperature, business.industry, Crop yield, rice, Global change, global food security, 15. Life on land, yield, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, oryza, climate change impact, Environmental science, Soybeans, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Imbalance-P paper contact with: josep peñuelas: j.penuelas@uab.cat Wheat, rice, maize, and soybean provide two-thirds of human caloric intake. Assessing the impact of global temperature increase on production of these crops is therefore critical to maintaining global food supply, but different studies have yielded different results. Here, we investigated the impacts of temperature on yields of the four crops by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods: global grid-based and local point-based models, statistical regressions, and field-warming experiments. Results from the different methods consistently showed negative temperature impacts on crop yield at the global scale, generally underpinned by similar impacts at country and site scales. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Results are highly heterogeneous across crops and geographical areas, with some positive impact estimates. Multimethod analyses improved the confidence in assessments of future climate impacts on global major crops and suggest crop- and region-specific adaptation strategies to ensure food security for an increasing world population.
Published: 2017

47. Variation in xylem vulnerability to embolism in European beech from geographically marginal populations

Author: Hervé Cochard, Marta Benito-Garzón, José M. Torres-Ruiz, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Anders Ræbild, Sylvain Delzon, M. de Luis, Marzena Suchocka, Claudia Cocozza, Andreas Bolte, Srdjan Stojnic, Roberto Tognetti, Branislav Cvjetković, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Landscape University Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Instituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Plante (IPSP), Faculty of Forestry, Czech University of Agriculture, IUCA, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Dipartemento of Biocienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL)
Subjects: European beech, climatic niche, marginal population, phenotypic variation, xylem embolism resistance, 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Range (biology), Climate Change, Species distribution, Climate change, Plant Science, xylem, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fagus, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Beech, biology, Resistance (ecology), Plant Dispersal, Ecology, xylème, fungi, Water, Xylem, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Droughts, hêtre, Europe, Phenotype, Forest dieback, Embolism, embolisme, 13. Climate action, variation phénotypique, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts and heatwaves in Europe, leading to effects on forest growth and major forest dieback events due to hydraulic failure caused by xylem embolism. Inter-specific variability in embolism resistance has been studied in detail, but little is known about intra-specific variability, particularly in marginal populations. We evaluated 15 European beech populations, mostly from geographically marginal sites of the species distribution range, focusing particularly on populations from the dry southern margin. We found small, but significant differences in resistance to embolism between populations, with xylem pressures causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity ranging from −2.84 to −3.55 MPa. Significant phenotypic clines of increasing embolism resistance with increasing temperature and aridity were observed: the southernmost beech populations growing in a warmer drier climate and with lower habitat suitability have higher resistance to embolism than those from Northern Europe growing more favourable conditions. Previous studies have shown that there is little or no difference in embolism resistance between core populations, but our findings show that marginal populations have developed ways of protecting their xylem based on either evolution or plasticity.
Published: 2017

48. Are forest disturbances amplifying or canceling out climate change-induced productivity changes in European forests?

Author: Rupert Seidl, Stephen Bathgate, Christian Temperli, José G. Borges, Harald Bugmann, Marc Palahí, Sylvain Delzon, Santiago Sabaté, Carlos Gracia, Bruce C. Nicoll, Rasoul Yousefpour, Ernst van der Maaten, José Ramón González-Olabarria, Marcus Lindner, Seppo Kellomäki, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, Margarida Tomé, Michael Maroschek, Marc Hanewinkel, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Duncan Ray, Joana Amaral Paulo, Timo Pukkala, Kristina Blennow, Sónia Pacheco Faias, Manfred J. Lexer, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Koen Kramer, Barry Gardiner, Werner Rammer, Heli Peltola, Bart Muys, Juan Guerra Hernández, João H.N. Palma, Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Dept. of Landscape architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Grimmer Strasse 88, Mediterranean Regional Office, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, School of Forest Sciences, activities, University of Lisbon, Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), and Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Trade-offs, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forest models, 01 natural sciences, Forest productivity-disturbances-climate change interactions, Forest restoration, fire, forest models, forest productivity-disturbances-climate change interactions, insects, storms, trade-offs, Forest and Landscape Ecology, General Environmental Science, changement climatique, Ecology, insecte ravageur, tempête, PE&RC, Fire, Insects, Climatology, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, europe, forest fire, Climate Research, Storms, productivité forestière, Climate change, Ecoforestry, Article, Climatic gradient, incendie de forêt, Effects of global warming, Stock (geology), Vegetatie, thunderstorm, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Vegetation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Forest Science, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Storm, Global change, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Recent studies projecting future climate change impacts on forests mainly consider either the effects of climate change on productivity or on disturbances. However, productivity and disturbances are intrinsically linked because 1) disturbances directly affect forest productivity (e.g. via a reduction in leaf area, growing stock or resource-use efficiency), and 2) disturbance susceptibility is often coupled to a certain development phase of the forest with productivity determining the time a forest is in this specific phase of susceptibility. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of forest productivity changes in different forest regions in Europe under climate change, and partition these changes into effects induced by climate change alone and by climate change and disturbances. We present projections of climate change impacts on forest productivity from state-of-the-art forest models that dynamically simulate forest productivity and the effects of the main European disturbance agents (fire, storm, insects), driven by the same climate scenario in seven forest case studies along a large climatic gradient throughout Europe. Our study shows that, in most cases, including disturbances in the simulations exaggerate ongoing productivity declines or cancel out productivity gains in response to climate change. In fewer cases, disturbances also increase productivity or buffer climate-change induced productivity losses, e.g. because low severity fires can alleviate resource competition and increase fertilization. Even though our results cannot simply be extrapolated to other types of forests and disturbances, we argue that it is necessary to interpret climate change-induced productivity and disturbance changes jointly to capture the full range of climate change impacts on forests and to plan adaptation measures., published version, peerReviewed
Published: 2017

49. Global scenarios for biodiversity need to better integrate climate and land use change

Author: Lluís Brotons, Wolfgang Cramer, Nicolas Titeux, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Adrián Regos, Peter H. Verburg, Klaus Henle, Jean-Baptiste Mihoub, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Department of Conservation Biology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alterra Green World Research (ALTERRA), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Earth and Climate, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), VU University Amsterdam, and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Land use, land-use change and forestry, business, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

50. Shifting from a fertilization-dominated to a warming-dominated period

Author: Philippe Ciais, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Jofre Carnicer, Michael Obersteiner, Ivan A. Janssens, Josep G. Canadell, Robert Vautard, Jordi Sardans, Shilong Piao, Josep Peñuelas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Ecosystem Services and Management, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Peking University [Beijing], Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Carbon Sequestration, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, Climate Change, Land management, Climate change, Carbon sequestration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Environmental protection, Element cycles, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Nitrogen cycle, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Climate-change ecology, Carbon sink, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, Droughts, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Fertilization, Environmental science, sense organs
Abstract: Carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization effects on ecosystem carbon sequestration may slow down in the future because of emerging nutrient constraints, climate change reducing the effect of fertilization, and expanding land use change and land management and disturbances. Further, record high temperatures and droughts are leading to negative impacts on carbon sinks. We suggest that, together, these two phenomena might drive a shift from a period dominated by the positive effects of fertilization to a period characterized by the saturation of the positive effects of fertilization on carbon sinks and the rise of negative impacts of climate change. We discuss the evidence and processes that are likely to be leading to this shift.
Published: 2017

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