46,233 results on '"Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)"'
Search Results
2. Economic instruments for tropical forests. The Congo Basin case. Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), and International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) Alain Karsenty
- Author
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Grut, Mikael
- Published
- 2001
3. Final Report Letter of Agreement between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) for the provision of 'Development of a methodology for the diagnostic of agricultural innovation systems and rural advisory services sub-sector
- Author
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CIRAD - FRA
- Published
- 2018
4. L’Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopération (ORSTOM) et le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD)
- Author
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Leprun, Jean-Claude
- Subjects
JPS ,relations économiques extérieures ,International Relations ,sciences ,POL011000 ,coopération internationale ,technologie - Abstract
Note portant sur l’auteur L’Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopération (ORSTOM) et le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) sont deux organismes français de recherche qui œuvrent au Brésil depuis plus de vingt ans. Cette contribution permet de faire connaître l’éventail des recherches entreprises et leurs aspects originaux ainsi que les résultats obtenus, les apports et les profits mutuels, en deux mot...
- Published
- 2014
5. L’Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopération (ORSTOM) et le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD)
- Author
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Leprun, Jean-Claude, primary
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
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6. Dix ans de partenariat franco-algérien entre le Réseau algérien de documentation agricole (RADA) et le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) 1992/2003 : bilan et perspectives. Rapport de la mission réalisée en Algérie du 19 au 26 octobre 2003
- Author
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Grasset, Lucile
- Subjects
C30 - Documentation et information ,Bibliothèque ,institution de recherche ,Science de l'information ,Formation ,Secteur agricole - Published
- 2003
7. Répertoire du versement 940002 : Association cotonnière coloniale (ACC), 1903-1940; Union cotonnière de l'Empire français (UCEF), 1940-1946; Institut de recherches du coton et des textiles exotiques (IRCT), 1946-1984; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)-IRCT, 1984-1993
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Archives nationales - FRA and CIRAD - FRA
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Gossypium ,Stockage de l'information ,Collection ,Coton ,Traitement de l'information ,C30 - Documentation et information ,institution de recherche ,Bibliothéconomie - Published
- 1994
8. Le Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) dans les DOM en 1985
- Author
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Servant, Jean
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A50 - Recherche agronomique ,Agronomie ,institution de recherche - Published
- 1985
9. Centre de Coopération internationale en Recherche agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). Projet de développement de l'anacarde au Burkina Faso (1ère phase). Rapport final d'activités (janvier 1981-décembre 1985)
- Author
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CIRAD-IRFA - FRA
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Projet de développement ,Noix de cajou - Published
- 1986
10. Etude des stratégies des éleveurs face à la sécheresse au Sahel malien. Action thématique programmée du Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement CIRAD
- Author
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Boudet, Gabriel, Diall, O., Ecawell, S., Marty, André, and Togola, M.
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Sécheresse ,Projet de développement ,E50 - Sociologie rurale et sécurité sociale ,Sociologie rurale ,Système de production ,Facteur du milieu - Published
- 1987
11. L’Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopération (ORSTOM) et le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD)
- Author
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Jean-Claude Leprun
- Subjects
Biology - Published
- 1989
12. Favoriser l'agroécologie pour réduire l'usage des pesticides en Afrique de l'Ouest et centrale.
- Author
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Beauval, Valentin, Bajolet, Amélie, Mathieu, Bertrand, Patricot, Sabine, and Lebreton, Dominique
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VETERINARY drugs ,AGRICULTURE ,MEDICAL care ,PRICES ,HUMAN services ,PESTICIDES ,HERBICIDES - Abstract
Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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13. Guide pratique de restauration forestière en Afrique Centrale
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Ce guide pratique a été produit dans le cadre de la composante 2 " Elaboration de mesures locales de régénération et de reboisement des espèces ligneuses et d'agroforesterie " du projet, mise en oeuvre par le Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD).
- Published
- 2023
14. Guide pratique de production en pépinière des plants forestiers et fruitiers en Afrique Centrale
- Abstract
Ce guide pratique a été produit dans le cadre de la composante 2 " Elaboration de mesures locales de régénération et de reboisement des espèces ligneuses et d'agroforesterie " du projet, mise en oeuvre par le Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD).
- Published
- 2023
15. Recent forest and land-use policy changes in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo: Are they truly transformational?
- Author
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Ng, Julia Su Chen, Chervier, Colas, Ancrenaz, Marc, Naito, Daisuke, and Karsenty, Alain
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- 2022
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16. Linking genetic markers and crop model parameters using neural networks to enhance genomic prediction of integrative traits.
- Author
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Larue, Florian, Rouan, Lauriane, Pot, David, Rami, Jean-François, Luquet, Delphine, and Beurier, Grégory
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ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,CROP growth ,GENETIC markers ,DEEP learning - Abstract
Introduction: Predicting the performance (yield or other integrative traits) of cultivated plants is complex because it involves not only estimating the genetic value of the candidates to selection, the interactions between the genotype and the environment (GxE) but also the epistatic interactions between genomic regions for a given trait, and the interactions between the traits contributing to the integrative trait. Classical Genomic Prediction (GP) models mostly account for additive effects and are not suitable to estimate non-additive effects such as epistasis. Therefore, the use of machine learning and deep learning methods has been previously proposed to model those non-linear effects. Methods: In this study, we propose a type of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) called Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and compare it to two classical GP regression methods for their ability to predict an integrative trait of sorghum: aboveground fresh weight accumulation. We also suggest that the use of a crop growth model (CGM) can enhance predictions of integrative traits by decomposing them into more heritable intermediate traits. Results: The results show that CNN outperformed both LASSO and Bayes C methods in accuracy, suggesting that CNN are better suited to predict integrative traits. Furthermore, the predictive ability of the combined CGM-GP approach surpassed that of GP without the CGM integration, irrespective of the regression method used. Discussion: These results are consistent with recent works aiming to develop Genome-to-Phenotype models and advocate for the use of non-linear prediction methods, and the use of combined CGM-GP to enhance the prediction of crop performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Investigating the workforce capacity and needs for animal disease surveillance and outbreak investigation: a mixed-methods study of veterinary services in Vietnam.
- Author
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Auplish, Aashima, Thi Thu Tra Vu, Phuc Pham Duc, Green, Alexandra C., Tiwari, Harish, Housen, Tambri, Stevenson, Mark, and Dhand, Navneet
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ANIMAL health surveillance ,ANIMAL training ,VETERINARY epidemiology ,VETERINARY services ,ANIMAL diseases - Abstract
The need for strengthening national capacities for disease prevention, preparedness, and response is increasingly becoming urgent. Central to this is strengthening existing systems and workforce capacity for disease surveillance and disease outbreak response. This study aimed to evaluate the national capacity and needs of veterinary services in Vietnam in animal disease surveillance and outbreak investigation skills. A cross-sectional, convergent, mixed-methods study was conducted between November 2020 and April 2021. An online questionnaire was administered to government field veterinarians, followed by descriptive and multivariable analyses to understand field capacity, specifically levels of experience in outbreak investigation and animal health surveillance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with various stakeholders in veterinary services and interview transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed. Qualitative results were used to contextualize quantitative findings from the survey. Overall, 178 field veterinary staff completed the online survey, and 25 stakeholders were interviewed. Eighty percent of respondents reported a high priority for further training in both animal disease surveillance and outbreak investigation. Training and competence were more limited at the district and commune levels, highlighting a gap in capacity at the subnational level. Reasons included a lack of in-depth training opportunities, limited access to resources and high staff turnover. Respondents who completed postgraduate qualifications in epidemiology or Field Epidemiology Training Programs were more likely to have higher levels of experience in animal health surveillance and outbreak investigation. This study identified gaps in knowledge and adoption of practices most often related to local-level or less experienced veterinary staff with limited training opportunities in epidemiology. Findings inform the prioritization of training and planning activities to further enhance the national capacity of veterinary services in Vietnam. Underlying explanations for existing gaps in capacity include inequities in skill development and training opportunities across levels of veterinary staff, gaps in the chain of command and unequal funding across provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Innovation intermediaries, knowledge infrastructure and technological opportunities in emerging markets: the case of research and technological centers in the Colombian agricultural sector.
- Author
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Hernández-Socha, Yuirubán and Zuluaga-Jiménez, Julio Cesar
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AGRICULTURAL industries ,MARKETING research ,EMERGING markets ,RESEARCH institutes ,NATURAL resources ,INFORMATION economy - Abstract
Innovation literature has identified innovation intermediaries as essential actors in the innovation process that intermediate knowledge between the sources and users of innovation. Our research investigates how intermediaries strengthen less mature innovation systems in emerging economies by integrating the supply and demand of knowledge in agriculture through building knowledge infrastructures. We argue that these organizations become essential sources of technological opportunities in natural resource industries by nurturing less mature innovation systems and creating knowledge infrastructure. Our analysis of a subset of innovation intermediaries, fifteen Research and Technology Organizations in the Colombian agricultural sector, help to explain how these organizations fulfil their role of generating and disseminating scientific and technological knowledge. We highlight the importance of private and public funding, focalized public policy, and national and international collaboration to foster intermediaries' research and development capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Surface water quality in Amazonian Floodplain Lakes, data set of the Lago Grande de Curuai Floodplain Lake, Pará‐Brazil.
- Author
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Roque, Derlayne Dias, Bonnet, Marie‐Paule, Garnier, Jérémie, Nunes, Cleber Kraus, Seyler, Patrick, and Marques, David Motta
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WATER quality ,FLOODPLAINS ,CYANOBACTERIAL blooms ,CLIMATE change & health ,SUSTAINABLE development ,SUSTAINABILITY ,WATER quality monitoring ,RIVER channels ,BIODIVERSITY conservation - Abstract
Between 2013 and 2017, we carried out nine field missions in the Lago Grande de Curuai floodplain, located in Pará state – North of Brazil – to collect samples for monitoring surface water quality. This site separated from the river by a narrow bank is composed of a network of channels and shallow lakes, a morphology shared by the floodplains of the lower Amazon. A multiparameter probe was used in situ to measure electrical conductivity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, turbidity, depth and a Secchi disk to estimate transparency. Water grab samples were analysed for suspended material, alkalinity, humic acid, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon and chlorophyll. Sampling stations were distributed over the seven larger lakes in the floodplain and sampled at different periods of the hydrological cycle. The number of samples varied with the floodplain water level, with a minimum of 25 samples for each field visit. This data set is a collection of water quality data to assist in the limnological or biogeochemical studies of surface waters in Amazonian floodplain lakes, and the product of successive French‐Brazilian projects: (1) the Clim‐FABIAM 'Climate changes and Floodplain lake biodiversity in the Amazon Basin: how to cope and help the ecological and economic sustainability' funded by the French Foundation for biodiversity research (FRB), (2) the project Bloom‐ALERT –'Environmental sensitivity and population health vulnerability to cyanobacteria in the Amazon: towards shared indicators' funded by the French‐Brazilian research program GUYAMAZON 2014, and the project (3) 'Ecossistemas das várzeas e biodiversidade: Impactos das mudanças ambientais e climáticas considerando cenários de desenvolvimento sustentáveis' (Project number 490634/2013‐3) funded by the Brazilian National scientific Research Council CNPq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Leçons apprises sur la recherche collaborative et les services de support à l'innovation dans le cadre du projet SERVInnov
- Abstract
Cette vidéo présente les leçons apprises dans le cadre du projet LEAP-AGRI SERVInnov (2018-2022) qui a été coordonné par le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) et a impliqué 09 partenaires et 01 partenaire associé, issus de 5 pays (France, Allemagne, Burkina-Faso, Cameroun et Madagascar). Ce partenariat a inclus à la fois des chercheurs et des praticiens de l'accompagnement de l'innovation agricole issus de l'Union Européen et de l'Union Africaine. Il a permis de poser les bases d'une recherche collaborative et a généré des apprentissages tant internes qu'externes au projet. Le projet SERVInnov (SERVices de support à l'Innovation pour le développement des innovations favorables à la production alimentaire durable, l'amélioration du bien-être des populations rurales et la réduction des dégradations de l'environnement et de ces ressources) avait pour objectif de fournir des preuves qu'une combinaison efficace de services support à l'innovation (SSI) renforce les innovations agricoles et agroalimentaires responsables et inclusives. Ce projet a été financé par l'Agence française de Développement (AFD), l'Agence de gestion de projet du Centre aérospatial allemand (DLR-PT), Le Fonds National de la Recherche et de l'Innovation pour le Développement Burkinabé (FONRID) et le Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et de l'Innovation camerounais. En se basant sur les perspectives structurelles, fonctionnelles et processuelles du cadre des systèmes d'innovation agricole, SERVInnov a posé les bases d'une recherche innovante sur le rôle des services de support à l'innovation (parmi lesquels le partage des connaissances, le soutien marketing, la mise en réseau, le soutien institutionnel) dans l'accompagnement des processus d'innovation agricole sur le continent Africain.
- Published
- 2022
21. Gabon - Vers une gestion durable de la chasse villageoise. Diagnostic approfondi du département de Mulundu et recommandations stratégiques
- Abstract
Ce rapport intitulé "Gabon - Vers une gestion durable de la chasse villageoise" fait partie de la série de rapports techniques du Programme de gestion durable de la faune sauvage (Sustainable Wildlife Management "SWM" Programme). Au Gabon, le SWM Programme opère au sein d'une collectivité territoriale décentralisée (département de Mulundu) dans un contexte de faible densité humaine, et où l'exploitation de la faune sauvage contribue significativement à la sécurité alimentaire et économique des populations rurales. Le SWM Programme au Gabon vise donc à promouvoir une gestion durable de la chasse villageoise et du commerce local de viande de brousse, tout en augmentant l'offre en protéines alternatives. L'objectif est de trouver un juste équilibre entre l'utilisation de la faune sauvage et sa conservation. Les enseignements tirés de cette initiative seront reproduits dans d'autres endroits du pays. Le SWM Programme est une initiative de l'Organisation des États d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (OEACP) financée par l'Union européenne (UE) et cofinancée par le Fonds français pour l'environnement mondial (FFEM) et l'Agence française de développement (AFD). Ce programme de sept ans (2017-2024) est mis en oeuvre dans 15 pays membres de l'OEACP par un consortium de partenaires incluant l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (Cirad), le Centre de recherche forestière internationale (CIFOR) et la Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS).
- Published
- 2022
22. Gabon - Vers une gestion durable de la chasse villageoise. Diagnostic approfondi du département de Mulundu et recommandations stratégiques
- Abstract
Ce rapport intitulé "Gabon - Vers une gestion durable de la chasse villageoise" fait partie de la série de rapports techniques du Programme de gestion durable de la faune sauvage (Sustainable Wildlife Management "SWM" Programme). Au Gabon, le SWM Programme opère au sein d'une collectivité territoriale décentralisée (département de Mulundu) dans un contexte de faible densité humaine, et où l'exploitation de la faune sauvage contribue significativement à la sécurité alimentaire et économique des populations rurales. Le SWM Programme au Gabon vise donc à promouvoir une gestion durable de la chasse villageoise et du commerce local de viande de brousse, tout en augmentant l'offre en protéines alternatives. L'objectif est de trouver un juste équilibre entre l'utilisation de la faune sauvage et sa conservation. Les enseignements tirés de cette initiative seront reproduits dans d'autres endroits du pays. Le SWM Programme est une initiative de l'Organisation des États d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (OEACP) financée par l'Union européenne (UE) et cofinancée par le Fonds français pour l'environnement mondial (FFEM) et l'Agence française de développement (AFD). Ce programme de sept ans (2017-2024) est mis en oeuvre dans 15 pays membres de l'OEACP par un consortium de partenaires incluant l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (Cirad), le Centre de recherche forestière internationale (CIFOR) et la Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS).
- Published
- 2022
23. A Review on Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Infections in Tunisia.
- Author
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Rekik, Syrine, Hammami, Ines, Timoumi, Oumayma, Maghzaoua, Dhekra, Khamassi Khbou, Médiha, Schulz, Ansgar, Groschup, Martin H., and Gharbi, Mohamed
- Subjects
HEMORRHAGIC fever ,TICK-borne diseases ,ZOONOSES ,UNGULATES ,INFECTION ,TICK infestations - Abstract
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic tick-borne disease, caused by an arbovirus of the genus Orthonairovirus and the family Nairoviridae. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is widespread in several regions of the world. While the virus is not pathogenic to all susceptible livestock and wild mammals, it can lead to severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. In this review, we compiled published data on CCHFV infections in humans, animals, and ticks in Tunisia. Based on that, we discussed the epidemiology and the distribution patterns of CCHFV infections highlighting the risk factors for this virus in the country. CCHF infection prevalence in humans was estimated to 2.76% (5/181) and 5% (2/38) in Tunisian febrile patients and Tunisian slaughterhouse workers, respectively. Concurrently, seroprevalence in domestic ungulates (sheep, goats, cattle, and dromedaries) ranged from zero to 89.7%, and only one Hyalomma impeltatum tick specimen collected from dromedaries in southern Tunisian was positive for CCHFV by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (0.6%; 1/165). As Tunisian studies on CCHFV are geographically scattered and limited due to very small sample sizes, further studies are needed to improve the knowledge on the epidemiology of CCHF in Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Phytoparasitic Nematodes of Musa spp. with Emphasis on Sources of Genetic Resistance: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Sousa, Amanda Bahiano Passos, Rocha, Anelita de Jesus, Oliveira, Wanderley Diaciso dos Santos, Rocha, Leandro de Souza, and Amorim, Edson Perito
- Subjects
BANANAS ,PLANTAIN banana ,NEMATODES ,BANANA growing ,PRATYLENCHUS ,ROOT-knot nematodes - Abstract
Bananas are a staple food that considerably contributes to both food security and income generation, especially in countries of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. The banana plant (Musa spp.) is affected by various pathogens, of main concern being the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere, the most important of which are Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode), Helicotylenchus sp. (spiral nematode), Pratylenchus sp. (root lesion nematode), and Meloidogyne sp. (gall nematode). Infected plants reduce their ability to absorb water and nutrients, which can lead to delayed flowering, fewer bunches, and lower fruit mass. Obtaining nematode-resistant banana cultivars through genetic improvement is an effective and sustainable option compared with chemical control with nematicides. Here, we provide the first systematic review of existing banana sources of resistance to nematodes to aid the management and control of nematodes in banana and plantain crops. Articles selected from different databases were evaluated, and searches were conducted using pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. We found 69 studies dealing with genetic improvement for nematode resistance in banana cultivation. Our findings revealed that sources of resistance are currently under investigation to combat the diseases caused by different nematode species in banana plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. The feed balances sheet: a tool for planning the use of resources and enhancing resilience in tropical grazing livestock.
- Author
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Mottet, Anne and Assouma, Mohamed Habibou
- Subjects
FINANCIAL statements ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,GRAZING ,WESTERN countries ,FEED quality - Abstract
Similarly to other tropical, arid and semi-arid regions of the World, livestock production in the Sahel is based on extensive grazing in rangelands where managing herd mobility (transhumance and nomadism) is key to productivity and sustainability. However, in this region, government planning, impact assessments and climate change adaptation solutions face several methodological limitations and lack of data availability particularly about the feed and forage resources and how there are used by livestock. Existing feed balances at national or regional level in Sub-Saharan Africa are still largely perfectible. To address these limitations, FAO and CIRAD (French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development) have developed a tool called Feed Balance Sheet (FBS) adapted to the Sahelian livestock systems to help countries carry out improved feed balances. This new FBS tool provides the following improvements to existing feed balances in countries: (i) it considers the seasonality of feed availability and quality as well as the seasonality of animal requirements; (ii) it includes protein and energy in addition to dry matter; (iii) it takes into account a wide range of resources, including browsing of woody biomass. This article describes the methodological development and the assumptions underlying this tool, which has already been piloted in 6 countries in Western and Central Africa. It also presents the results from 2 countries (Mali and Chad) and draws conclusions on the tool's relevance and guidance for its application. It can be used to improve the resilience of pastoral communities in the Sahel and better plan responses to droughts and other types of crises. Its use requires dedicated training and partnerships between governments and science organizations for accessing the appropriate input data. Based on the tool's experience in six countries (including 2 for which results are presented in this paper), we have confirmed the key role that CIRAD, FAO and their partners must play during the first few years in coaching the different teams at the country level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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26. Epidemiology of antibiotic consumption and resistance in Mauritius.
- Author
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Veerapa-Mangroo, Lovena Preeyadarshini, Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo, Harena, Issack, Mohammad Iqbal, and Cardinale, Eric
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- 2024
- Full Text
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27. Female melon fruit flies, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, are attracted to a synthetic chemical blend based on male epicuticular components
- Author
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Jacob, Vincent, Ramiaranjatovo, Gaëlle, Persyn, Emma, Machara, Aleš, Kyjaková, Pavlína, Atiama-Nurbel, Toulassi, Pompeiano, Antonio, Benelli, Giovanni, De Meyer, Marc, and Vaníčková, Lucie
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Area-wide integrated management of a Glossina palpalis gambiensis population from the Niayes area of Senegal: A review of operational research in support of a phased conditional approach
- Abstract
In 2005, the Government of Senegal initiated a project entitled “Projet de lutte contre les glossines dans les Niayes” (Tsetse control project in the Niayes) with the aim of creating a zone free of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in that area. The project received technical and financial support from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) and the US Department of State through the Peaceful Uses Initiative (PUI). It was implemented in the context of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) following a phased conditional approach (PCA) that entails implementation in distinct phases, in which support to the next phase is conditional upon completion of all (or at least the majority of) activities in the previous phase. In the case of the tsetse project in Senegal, the PCA consisted of 4 phases: (1) commitment of all stakeholders and training, (2) baseline data collection, feasibility studies and strategy development, (3) preparatory preoperational activities and (4) operational activities. This paper provides an overview of the main activities that were carried out within each phase, with emphasis on the operational research carried out in phases 2 and 3, that was instrumental in guiding the project's decision-making. Activities of phase 2 focused on the collection of entomological, veterinary, socio-economic and environmental baseline data, and a population genetics study that proved the isolated character of the G. p. gambiensis population of the Niayes. These data enabled the tsetse-infested area to be delimited to 1000 km2, the impact of animal trypanosomosis on the farmers' welfare to be quantified (annual benefits of 2 million Euro in the tsetse-infested zone), and the formulation of an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) strategy that included a sterile inse
- Published
- 2021
29. A methodological approach for prioritization and rationalization of field genebank accessions of coffee genetic resources: A case study of CATIE International Coffee Collection, Costa Rica
- Abstract
Good management of coffee collections is important because they ensure long-term availability of germplasm to guarantee the sustainability of coffee value chain. The conservation of coffee genetic resources is essential to provide the raw materials for breeding and improvement of the crop. Many genetic resources of wild arabica coffee have been collected in the second half of the 20th century by several international collecting missions, including by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ORSTOM (now IRD), Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), and IPGRI (now Bioversity International), and are conserved in several national genebanks and at the CATIE International Coffee Collection (CICC) in Turrialba, Costa Rica. Over the past decades, many of the original accessions of the CICC have become threatened due to age, pests and diseases, inadequate management, and waterlogging. There is thus an urgent need to rejuvenate and rationalize the collection to ensure the long-term maintenance of the genetic diversity of the original accessions. Here we present the methodological approach we followed to carry out an in-depth assessment of the status of the coffee collection at CATIE and to prioritize accession-specific actions for the rationalization of the collection. This can be used as a model for other collections to assess and rationalize their own field genebank, with a view to improving their management in the most cost-effective way. The study identified many discrepancies between the number of accessions in the field and genebank records and revealed that 80 accessions have been lost from the collection since 2014 and that approximately 80% of the accessions were threatened and in need of intervention. Furthermore, the in-depth study identified the most diverse and valued accessions for the rationalization of the CICC field genebank and those that are in urgent need of safety duplication.
- Published
- 2021
30. Etude d'impact socio-économique des effets de la COVID 19 sur les stratégies paysannes et l'adaptation des filières agricoles et alimentaires au Cameroun. Livrable 2
- Abstract
L'Agence Française de Développement (AFD) en collaboration avec le Ministère de l'Agriculture et du Développement Rural (MINADER) a commandité une étude sur l'impact socio-économique des effets de la COVID 19 sur les stratégies paysannes et I'adaptation des filières agricoles et alimentaires au Cameroun auprès du Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD). Cette étude se focalise sur quatre filières (manioc, maïs, tomate, cacao) représentatives des grandes filières prioritaires d'intervention du MINADER (racines et tubercules, céréales, fruits et légumes, filières d'exportation). Il s'agit d'une étude qualitative basée sur une centaine d'entretiens menés entre janvier et avril 2021 auprès (1) d'experts ou de responsables des services publics en appui aux filières et au développement rural et (2) des acteurs économiques des filières : ménages agricoles, fournisseurs d'intrants (privés et publics), commerçants (collecteurs, grossistes, semi-grossistes, exportateurs) et transformateurs. Ces enquêtes ont été réalisées en face à face pour les acteurs économiques et en visio (zoom) pour les acteurs institutionnels. Les questions posées concernaient les effets de la crise covid de 2020 sur leurs activités économiques (acteurs de l'accompagnement, du développement, acteurs privés, transformateurs, commerçants, agriculteurs), leur bien-être et leur sécurité alimentaire (ménages agricoles). Par ailleurs, les enquêtes directes auprès des institutionnels ont permis de collecter des rapports et des données de prix (INS) qui ont été analysées pour compléter, trianguler les résultats des enquêtes en face à face. Le territoire d'investigation directe est l'axe Yaoundé-Dschang en passant par Bokito, Makénéné, Bangangté et Foumbot. Yaoundé et Douala sont investies pour la partie commercialisation, transformation et exportation (cacao).
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- 2021
31. Etude d'impact socio-économique des effets de la COVID 19 sur les stratégies paysannes et l'adaptation des filières agricoles et alimentaires au Cameroun. Livrable 1
- Abstract
L'Agence Française de Développement (AFD) en collaboration avec le Ministère de l'Agriculture et du Développement Rural (MINADER) a commandité une étude sur l'impact socio-économique des effets de la COVID 19 sur les stratégies paysannes et I 'adaptation des filières agricoles et alimentaires au Cameroun auprès du Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD). Cette étude se focalisera sur quatre filières (manioc, maïs, tomate, cacao) représentatives des grandes filières prioritaires d'intervention du MINADER (racines et tubercules, céréales, fruits et légumes, filières d'exportation). Il s'agit d'une étude essentiellement qualitative complémentaire aux études quantitatives en cours mise en oeuvre dans différentes institutions. Le territoire d'investigation directe est l'axe Yaoundé-Dschang en passant par Bokito, Makénéné voire Bangangté. Yaoundé et Douala sont investies pour la partie commercialisation, transformation et exportation (cacao). Une dizaine d'entretiens avec des personnes ressources ont été menées au mois de janvier et février 2021. Elles ont permis d'affiner les hypothèses de travail. Quelques résultats préliminaires ressortent sur la différenciation des impacts selon les filières, les types d'acteurs et le séquençage des impacts en fonction de période de court, moyen voire long termes. La solidification de ces résultats impose le croisement progressif des différentes sources de données et d'informations dans l'analyse et l'implication directe des experts sur la situation d'étude.
- Published
- 2021
32. Etude d'impact socio-économique des effets de la COVID 19 sur les stratégies paysannes et l'adaptation des filières agricoles et alimentaires au Cameroun. Livrable 1
- Abstract
L'Agence Française de Développement (AFD) en collaboration avec le Ministère de l'Agriculture et du Développement Rural (MINADER) a commandité une étude sur l'impact socio-économique des effets de la COVID 19 sur les stratégies paysannes et I 'adaptation des filières agricoles et alimentaires au Cameroun auprès du Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD). Cette étude se focalisera sur quatre filières (manioc, maïs, tomate, cacao) représentatives des grandes filières prioritaires d'intervention du MINADER (racines et tubercules, céréales, fruits et légumes, filières d'exportation). Il s'agit d'une étude essentiellement qualitative complémentaire aux études quantitatives en cours mise en oeuvre dans différentes institutions. Le territoire d'investigation directe est l'axe Yaoundé-Dschang en passant par Bokito, Makénéné voire Bangangté. Yaoundé et Douala sont investies pour la partie commercialisation, transformation et exportation (cacao). Une dizaine d'entretiens avec des personnes ressources ont été menées au mois de janvier et février 2021. Elles ont permis d'affiner les hypothèses de travail. Quelques résultats préliminaires ressortent sur la différenciation des impacts selon les filières, les types d'acteurs et le séquençage des impacts en fonction de période de court, moyen voire long termes. La solidification de ces résultats impose le croisement progressif des différentes sources de données et d'informations dans l'analyse et l'implication directe des experts sur la situation d'étude.
- Published
- 2021
33. Etude d'impact socio-économique des effets de la COVID 19 sur les stratégies paysannes et l'adaptation des filières agricoles et alimentaires au Cameroun. Livrable 2
- Abstract
L'Agence Française de Développement (AFD) en collaboration avec le Ministère de l'Agriculture et du Développement Rural (MINADER) a commandité une étude sur l'impact socio-économique des effets de la COVID 19 sur les stratégies paysannes et I'adaptation des filières agricoles et alimentaires au Cameroun auprès du Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD). Cette étude se focalise sur quatre filières (manioc, maïs, tomate, cacao) représentatives des grandes filières prioritaires d'intervention du MINADER (racines et tubercules, céréales, fruits et légumes, filières d'exportation). Il s'agit d'une étude qualitative basée sur une centaine d'entretiens menés entre janvier et avril 2021 auprès (1) d'experts ou de responsables des services publics en appui aux filières et au développement rural et (2) des acteurs économiques des filières : ménages agricoles, fournisseurs d'intrants (privés et publics), commerçants (collecteurs, grossistes, semi-grossistes, exportateurs) et transformateurs. Ces enquêtes ont été réalisées en face à face pour les acteurs économiques et en visio (zoom) pour les acteurs institutionnels. Les questions posées concernaient les effets de la crise covid de 2020 sur leurs activités économiques (acteurs de l'accompagnement, du développement, acteurs privés, transformateurs, commerçants, agriculteurs), leur bien-être et leur sécurité alimentaire (ménages agricoles). Par ailleurs, les enquêtes directes auprès des institutionnels ont permis de collecter des rapports et des données de prix (INS) qui ont été analysées pour compléter, trianguler les résultats des enquêtes en face à face. Le territoire d'investigation directe est l'axe Yaoundé-Dschang en passant par Bokito, Makénéné, Bangangté et Foumbot. Yaoundé et Douala sont investies pour la partie commercialisation, transformation et exportation (cacao).
- Published
- 2021
34. The patrimony blind spot of Geographical Indication in state-centred governance: Mikawa region agri-food products in Japan
- Author
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Feuer, Hart, Fort, Fatiha, SCHLEICH, Jean-Walter, Kyoto University, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD
- Subjects
Governance ,Japon ,Japan ,Miso ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,Geographical Indication ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Mirin - Abstract
The global spread of Geographical Indications (GI) policies has provided heritage agri-food producers an opportunity to promote and safeguard the link between their products and a geographically-specified reputation. As GI has been effectively employed in Europe to foster historically established products, often with reputations going back hundreds of years, there has been an assumption that the protection of such patrimony would likely materialize in newly adopted GI countries. However, from a public policy view in many new countries, GI is not chiefly recognized as a tool to protect illustrious agri-food products from fraud and deteriorating trade conditions, but rather to expand economic opportunities and exports. The emphasis on the latter objective can compromise the capacity for a policy to achieve the former objectives. The question we raise in this paper concerns the extent to which the prioritization of economic growth encourages the adjudicators of GI (often ministries of agriculture or intellectual property offices) to accept and even encourage ahistorical territorial and production specifications that disadvantage or discourage the oldest and most traditional producers.To this end, our argument centers around two cases of renowned traditional agri-food products in the historical Mikawa region of Japan, which have fared poorly in the new GI systems introduced since 2006. Our analysis shows that the historically legitimate regional delimitations and constellations of traditional practices that have defined very old products are sometimes marginalized or undervalued. In the case of Hatcho Miso, a red soybean miso produced since at least 1337 in a district called Hatcho, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) accepted a competing GI application that widely expanded the GI area and loosened product specifications. In the case of Kokonoe, one of the oldest breweries of mirin (a mild sweet rice wine often used in cooking), and whose product line already includes an entirely regionally sourced Mikawa mirin, they were discouraged from applying for the GI in its current implementation. One clear source of interference in securing such patrimony concerns how, in Japan and often more widely in Asia, GI is a political project with a top-down approach. Merit-based or democratic mechanism for inscribing GIs based on internal motivations, such as pride, fraud-prevention, and global recognition are replaced by strategic concerns reflecting political goals, such as inclusivity, efficiency, upscaling, and export. For Hatcho Miso, bubbling rivalries concerning authenticity and exclusivity led to dueling GI applications and a deterioration of cooperative behavior, culminating in an attempt by the traditional brewers to seek a legal injunction against the GI registration approved by MAFF. For Kokonoe Mirin, longstanding competition between comparable breweries in the region and the lack of differentiation offered by the GI label, undermined the communal solidarity required to establish a regional producer group demanded in the GI application (Sonnino, 2013). At the macro-level, theis might explain why Japan, despite featuring many agri-food products with hundreds of years of patrimony, has seen less interest in, and more conflict about, the registration of such products as GIs.
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- 2022
35. Geographical indications and environmental sustainability: An institutional analysis of Mezcal
- Author
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Alberto Gabino Martinez Hernandez, Mara Giua, Renaud Metereau, Claire Bernard-Mongin, Sciencesconf.org, CCSD, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement [Cirad]
- Subjects
Mezcal ,Institutional proximity ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,environmental sustainability ,formal and informal institutions ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
This contribution is based upon my master's degree dissertation of the two year international master's program in economics and sustainability EPOG (https://epog.univ-paris13.fr/). This research was carried out during my internship at the Innovation and Development Unit of the CIRAD, under the guidance of researchers Claire Bernard-Mongin and Denis Sautier. The thesis advisers during the final examination were Mara Giua (Università degli Studi Roma Tre), Renaud Meteraud (Université de Paris) and Claire Bernard-Mongin (CIRAD).; International audience; The objective of this contribution is to analyze the most pressing institutional and environmental issues that surround the Mezcal denomination of origin (DO) in Mexico, since its legal protection in 1994. To this end, an institutional analysis is carried out by integrating for the first time two theoretical frameworks dealing with formal and informal institutions: the Learning Regions (LR) and Localized Agri-food Systems (LAS). This process is complemented with a mixed type of interviews carried out with diverse stakeholders across the Mezcal value-chain, coming from the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Michoacán. With respect to the first hypothesis, it is possible to claim that institutional proximity elements have played a positive role in the acknowledgement of the Mezcal DO in Mexico, but not necessarily within the initial legal structure of the DO. Alternative ways to certificate the Mezcal might emerged as a response to failures in the initial legal setting and changes in the legislation of Mezcal aimed at increasing its production. At the state level institutional proximity elements (either formal or informal) played an important role to find certification alternatives. Michoacan is an example of how formal institutions in the organized market can foster collective action with two objectives: to include this state into the Mezcal DO and to propose the federal acknowledgement of new Mezcal certifying entities, other than the Mezcal Regulatory Council. In Oaxaca, the role of formal institutions has been dubious, and informal institutions are characterized by important conflicts. Guerrero emerges as a very interesting example of how to develop a Participatory Agroecological Certification scheme (PAC) on top of the DO to guarantee the environmental sustainability and bio-cultural value of their Mezcal. With respect to our secondary hypothesis, it is possible to affirm that in Mexico the institutional architecture of the Mezcal denomination of origin has led to important environmental issues since its legal recognition in 1994. The initial legal setting of the Mezcal DO and its evolution have been the cause of significant environmental issues. Firstly, biodiversity considerations and extraction management practices of agave were weakly introduced in the book of specifications, leading to important issues between the Ministry of Environment and local producers upon the extraction of the agave. Secondly, changes of the tequila legislation have resulted in an increase of the agricultural frontier of agave in Mezcal producing regions with serious impacts on the landscape. Thirdly, in recent years new environmental issues have come to the forefront (water and soil) and already existing problems (biodiversity and energy-resources-waste) are intensified. Nonetheless, according to the actors interviewed, some institutional proximity elements were identified that strived to cope with these issues. In Michoacan formal institutions in the organized market have been characterized by collaboration between the members of the local university of the state and local producers. The institutional architecture of Oaxaca has been characterized by an important role of formal institutions and a minor relevance of informal institutions. Finally, in Guerrero both the formal and informal architectures have worked in favor of environmental sustainability.
- Published
- 2022
36. Architecture and yield relationship in hazelnut tree
- Author
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Grisafi, Francesca, Farinelli, Daniela, Costes, Evelyne, Boudon, Frédéric, Durand, Jean-Baptiste, Tombesi, S., Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma] (Unicatt), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Serra, S., and Lauri, P.-É.
- Subjects
Nut ,Branching ,Shoot length ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Horticulture ,Corylus avellana ,[SDV.SA.HORT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Horticulture ,Hazel - Abstract
International audience; Yield reduction over the years is a phenomenon that affects many fruit tree species, including hazel (Corylus avellana). Studying plant architecture could provide useful information for improving crop management, such as pruning, to reduce the impact of yield reductions. This study aimed to compare the relationship between bud composition and shoot length in hazel shoots. The experiment was carried out in January 2020 and 2021 in Deruta, Perugia (Italy). In 2020, 120 1-year-old shoots of C. avellana 'Tonda di Giffoni' were sampled. In 2021, the same observations were performed on lateral and apical 1-year-old shoots that had burst from parental buds in spring 2020. Depending on its length, each shoot was sorted into four categories: short (Sh) when shorter than 5 cm, medium (Me) when between 5 and 20 cm, long (Lo) when between 20 and 40 cm, and very long (VLo) when longer than 40 cm. For each shoot, shoot length, axillary and apical bud fate was recorded at each node: vegetative bud, latent bud, catkin, and mixed bud (V, B, C, and M, respectively). Percentage of lateral mixed buds was higher in longer shoots than in shorter ones while that of vegetative buds remained constant whatever the length. Fruit set, computed as the ratio between the number of nuts and the number of mixed buds, was significantly higher in Lo and VLo shoots. It was observed that the length of lateral proleptic shoots, developed in 2021, was related to the length of the bearer shoot from which it was developed. Proleptic lateral Sh shoots were the most frequent among all length categories while longer proleptic shoots (Lo and VLo) were originated only from Lo and VLo shoots. Managing tree architecture, considering a good balance between long and short shoots, and mixed and vegetative buds, could help control and prevent yield decrease in hazelnut trees.
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- 2023
37. Namibia OH Landscape: Challenges, Opportunities and Collaborative Strategies
- Author
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Angombe, Simon, Gorejena, Brighton, Freeman, Rachel, Kashona, Hainushka DeFatima, Knight-Jones, Theo, Caron, Alexandre, Hausiku, Magrecia, Mwanyengange, Iyaloo, Richards, Shauna, and Shivolo-Useb, Susanna
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Vector competence of sterile male Glossina fuscipes fuscipes for Trypanosoma brucei brucei: implications for the implementation of the sterile insect technique in a sleeping sickness focus in Chad
- Author
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Mahamat Hissene Mahamat, Adeline Ségard, Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse, Rafael Argiles-Herrero, Andrew Gordon Parker, Philippe Solano, Adly Mohamed Mohamed Abd-Alla, Jérémy Bouyer, Sophie Ravel, Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Developpement [N'Djamena, Tchad] (IRED), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPC laboratory), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, This work was funded by IAEA grant EVT 1804311 to Hissene Mahamat and was supported by the project, Research Infrastructures for the control of vector-borne diseases (Infravec2), which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 731060., and European Project: 731060,INFRAVEC2(2017)
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Infectious Diseases ,Trypanosoma brucei gambiense ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Trypanocide ,Isometamidium ,Parasitology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Tsetse - Abstract
Background Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan West Africa. In southern Chad the most active and persistent focus is the Mandoul focus, with 98% of the reported human cases, and where African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is also present. Recently, a control project to eliminate tsetse flies (Glossina fuscipes fuscipes) in this focus using the sterile insect technique (SIT) was initiated. However, the release of large numbers of sterile males of G. f. fuscipes might result in a potential temporary increase in transmission of trypanosomes since male tsetse flies are also able to transmit the parasite. The objective of this work was therefore to experimentally assess the vector competence of sterile males treated with isometamidium for Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Methods An experimental infection was set up in the laboratory, mimicking field conditions: the same tsetse species that is present in Mandoul was used. A T. b. brucei strain close to T. b. gambiense was used, and the ability of the sterile male tsetse flies fed on blood with and without a trypanocide to acquire and transmit trypanosomes was measured. Results Only 2% of the experimentally infected flies developed an immature infection (midgut) while none of the flies developed a metacyclic infection of T. b. brucei in the salivary glands. We did not observe any effect of the trypanocide used (isometamidium chloride at 100 mg/l) on the development of infection in the flies. Conclusions Our results indicate that sterile males of the tested strain of G. f. fuscipes were unable to cyclically transmit T. b. brucei and might even be refractory to the infection. The data of the research indicate that the risk of cyclical transmission of T. brucei by sterile male G. f. fuscipes of the strain colonized at IAEA for almost 40 years appears to be small. Graphical Abstract
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- 2023
39. Influence of Shade in Cocoa Agroforestry Systems on Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of Cocoa Beans in Bonon, Central-West Côte d'Ivoire.
- Author
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Kouassi, Affoué Tatiana, Boko, Adjoua Christiane Eunice, Blei, Sika Hortense, Angaman, Djédoux Maxime, and Barima, Yao Sadaiou Sabas
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CACAO beans ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,CACAO ,AGROFORESTRY ,AGRICULTURE ,COCOA - Abstract
Côte d'Ivoire remains the world's leading producer of cocoa beans. However, cocoa farming is now recognized as a primary cause of deforestation in the country. To combat deforestation, the Ivorian government recently advocates for agroforestry, a farming technique involving the cultivation of cocoa trees with fruit or forest trees. Yet, the impact of these associated trees and their shade on the quality of produced cocoa beans remains relatively unknown. This study is aimed at evaluating the influence of tree shade in cocoa farms on the quality of cocoa beans produced in the Bonon area. Morphological, biochemical, and functional analyses were performed on cocoa beans from shaded, partially shaded, and sunny subplots. Overall, only beans from shaded subplots showed better commercial quality. Regarding nutritional potential, results demonstrated that acidity, protein content, and vitamin C levels were influenced by shade. Low protein levels were observed in beans from sunny areas. The presence of moderate shade significantly favored good foaming power and foam stability. These findings play a key role in the perceived quality and application of these beans in the food and cosmetic industry. Moreover, these discoveries open new research perspectives in the field of food biochemistry and sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
40. A safe agricultural space for biodiversity.
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García-Vega, Diego, Dumas, Patrice, Prudhomme, Rémi, Kremen, Claire, and Aubert, Pierre-Marie
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BIODIVERSITY conservation ,AGROBIODIVERSITY ,AGRICULTURAL landscape management ,PESTICIDE pollution ,LITERATURE reviews ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,BIODIVERSITY ,BIOMES - Abstract
Agriculture is the main driver of the rapid collapse of biodiversity, upon which all life on Earth, including agricultural production, depends. As we face the challenge of feeding a growing human population under a changing climate regime, the pressure on biodiversity is expected to further intensify. While the potential to expand and improve natural habitats for biodiversity conservation has been widely explored in large-scale scenarios of agricultural systems, the critical role of agricultural landscapes’ management on halting the loss of biodiversity remains unexplored at this scale. We argue that, to achieve an effective conservation of biodiversity (both natural and agricultural), the combined multivariate effects of agriculture on biodiversity must be accounted for, including its surface area as well as its management. Based on a literature review, we identified the main biodiversity pressures stemming from agriculture: land-use change, contribution to climate change, water withdrawal, pesticide pollution, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) pollution, and landscape and farmscale simplification (of croplands and pastures). For each one, we proposed a critical boundary, based on reviews of studies covering a range of taxa, biodiversity metrics, and biomes, below or above which negative impacts on biodiversity are minimized or positive effects arise. Implemented simultaneously, the identified boundaries would integrate biodiversity conservation within and across farmlands and minimize agriculture’s far-reaching impacts on biodiversity. We present a framework called “agricultural boundaries for biodiversity” that will allow to explore the potential of developing agricultural systems that effectively reconcile food production and biodiversity conservation at large scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Hyalomma marginatum ticks, southern France, May 2022 and April 2023.
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Bernard, Célia, Kukla, Charlotte Joly, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, Duhayon, Maxime, Stachurski, Frédéric, Huber, Karine, Giupponi, Carla, Zortman, Iyonna, Holzmuller, Philippe, Pollet, Thomas, Jeanneau, Mélanie, Mercey, Alice, Vachiery, Nathalie, Lefrançois, Thierry, Garros, Claire, Michaud, Vincent, Comtet, Loic, Despois, Léa, Pourquier, Philippe, and Picard, Caroline
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- 2024
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42. The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes.
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Lambou, Karine, Tag, Andrew, Lassagne, Alexandre, Collemare, Jérôme, Clergeot, Pierre-Henri, Barbisan, Crystel, Perret, Philippe, Tharreau, Didier, Millazo, Joelle, Chartier, Elia, De Vries, Ronald P., Hirsch, Judith, Morel, Jean-Benoit, Beffa, Roland, Kroj, Thomas, Thomas, Terry, and Lebrun, Marc-Henri
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RICE blast disease ,GENE regulatory networks ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,GENE expression ,FUNGAL genes - Abstract
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae differentiates specialized cells called appressoria that are required for fungal penetration into host leaves. In this study, we identified the novel basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BIP1 (B-ZIP Involved in Pathogenesis-1) that is essential for pathogenicity. BIP1 is required for the infection of plant leaves, even if they are wounded, but not for appressorium-mediated penetration of artificial cellophane membranes. This phenotype suggests that BIP1 is not implicated in the differentiation of the penetration peg but is necessary for the initial establishment of the fungus within plant cells. BIP1 expression was restricted to the appressorium by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed that 40 genes were down regulated in a BIP1 deletion mutant. Most of these genes were specifically expressed in the appressorium. They encode proteins with pathogenesis-related functions such as enzymes involved in secondary metabolism including those encoded by the ACE1 gene cluster, small secreted proteins such as SLP2, BAS3, BAS4, and AVR-Pi9 effectors, as well as plant cuticle and cell wall degrading enzymes. Interestingly, this BIP1 network is different from other known infection-related regulatory networks, highlighting the complexity of gene expression control during plant-fungal interactions. Promoters of BIP1-regulated genes shared a GCN4/bZIP-binding DNA motif (TGACTC) binding in vitro to BIP1. Mutation of this motif in the promoter of MGG_08381.7 from the ACE1 gene cluster abolished its appressorium-specific expression, showing that BIP1 behaves as a transcriptional activator. In summary, our findings demonstrate that BIP1 is critical for the expression of early invasion-related genes in appressoria. These genes are likely needed for biotrophic invasion of the first infected host cell, but not for the penetration process itself. Through these mechanisms, the blast fungus strategically anticipates the host plant environment and responses during appressorium-mediated penetration. Author summary: The identification of gene regulatory networks controlling pathogenicity is a major research goal for understanding plant infection and for developing new strategies for disease control. Rice is the staple food for half the world's population, but its cultivation is threatened by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae that causes severe yield losses. This fungus can breach intact plant leaves using specialized cells called appressoria. Here, we have identified in a pathogenicity mutant screen using random insertional mutagenesis, the novel M. oryzae bZIP transcription factor BIP1 that is essential for the infection. BIP1 is not implicated in the development of appressoria or the subsequent penetration of host leaves, but is necessary for the initial establishment of the fungus within plant cells. BIP1 orchestrates the expression of a unique set of early invasion-related genes within appressoria, encoding secreted effectors, enzymes, secondary metabolism-related enzymes, and signaling membrane receptors. Our experimental data suggest that BIP1 controls their expression by interacting directly with a TGACTC motif present in their promoters. Remarkably distinct from other known pathogenicity networks, the BIP1 regulatory network underscores the intricate control of fungal gene expression during infection. BIP1 seems to prepare M. oryzae for early biotrophic growth during appressorium-mediated penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol: Implications and Compliance Strategies for the Global Coffee Community.
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Lachenmeier, Dirk W. and Montagnon, Christophe
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BIODIVERSITY ,GERMPLASM conservation ,PLANT germplasm ,COFFEE industry ,COFFEE ,TREATIES - Abstract
The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing (ABS) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a fundamental international agreement that plays a crucial role in the protection and equitable utilization of plant genetic resources. While this agreement is essential for conservation and sustainable use, it presents specific challenges to coffee research and industry. One major issue is the requirement to obtain prior informed consent (PIC) from the source country or community, which can be a complex and time-consuming process, especially in regions with limited governance capacity. Additionally, the mandates of this agreement necessitate benefit-sharing with the source community, a requirement that poses implementation challenges, particularly for small businesses or individual researchers. Despite these challenges, the importance of the Nagoya Protocol in the coffee sector cannot be overstated. It contributes significantly to the conservation of coffee genetic resources and the sustainable utilization of these resources, ensuring fair distribution of benefits. To address the complexities presented by this international framework, coffee researchers and industry need to engage proactively with source countries and communities. This includes developing clear and equitable benefit-sharing and implementing strategies for compliance. This article explores the impact of the Nagoya Protocol on the coffee industry, particularly emphasizing the need for balancing scientific investigation with the ethical considerations of resource sharing. It also discusses practical strategies for navigating the complexities of this agreement, including research focused on authenticity control and the challenges in conducting large-scale coffee studies. The conclusion underscores the potential for international collaboration, particularly through platforms like the International Coffee Organization (ICO), to harmonize research activities with the ethical imperatives of the Nagoya Protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Standardising field‐based assessment of invasion degree: A case study in two habitats of Reunion Island.
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Fenouillas, Pauline, Caubit, Margot, Cazal, Emilie, Ajaguin Soleyen, Cédric, Strasberg, Dominique, and Rouget, Mathieu
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- 2024
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45. Growth–defence trade-off in rice: fast-growing and acquisitive genotypes have lower expression of genes involved in immunity
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Felix de Tombeur, Rémi Pélissier, Ammar Shihan, Koloina Rahajaharilaza, Florian Fort, Lucie Mahaut, Taïna Lemoine, Sarah J Thorne, Sue E Hartley, Delphine Luquet, Denis Fabre, Hans Lambers, Jean-Benoît Morel, Elsa Ballini, Cyrille Violle, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, University of Antananarivo, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, and University of Sheffield [Sheffield]
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plant functional trait ,plant defence ,Physiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,silicon ,rice (Oryza sativa) ,Plant Science ,plant economics spectrum ,intraspecific variation ,growth-defence trade-off ,silica ,Defence gene ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,plant immunity - Abstract
Plant ecologists and molecular biologists have long considered the hypothesis of a trade-off between plant growth and defence separately. In particular, how genes thought to control the growth–defence trade-off at the molecular level relate to trait-based frameworks in functional ecology, such as the slow–fast plant economics spectrum, is unknown. We grew 49 phenotypically diverse rice genotypes in pots under optimal conditions and measured growth-related functional traits and the constitutive expression of 11 genes involved in plant defence. We also quantified the concentration of silicon (Si) in leaves to estimate silica-based defences. Rice genotypes were aligned along a slow–fast continuum, with slow-growing, late-flowering genotypes versus fast-growing, early-flowering genotypes. Leaf dry matter content and leaf Si concentrations were not aligned with this axis and negatively correlated with each other. Live-fast genotypes exhibited greater expression of OsNPR1, a regulator of the salicylic acid pathway that promotes plant defence while suppressing plant growth. These genotypes also exhibited greater expression of SPL7 and GH3.2, which are also involved in both stress resistance and growth. Our results do not support the hypothesis of a growth–defence trade-off when leaf Si and leaf dry matter content are considered, but they do when hormonal pathway genes are considered. We demonstrate the benefits of combining ecological and molecular approaches to elucidate the growth–defence trade-off, opening new avenues for plant breeding and crop science.
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- 2023
46. A major genetic locus in neighbours controls changes of gene expression and susceptibility in intraspecific rice mixtures
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Rémi Pélissier, Aurélie Ducasse, Elsa Ballini, Julien Frouin, Cyrille Violle, Jean‐Benoit Morel, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), and European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015)
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indirect genetic effect ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,modulation of disease by neighbours ,Physiology ,rice ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,transcriptomic ,Plant Science ,transcriptomic response toneighbour - Abstract
International audience; Reports indicate that intraspecific neighbours alter the physiology of focal plants, and with a few exceptions, their molecular responses to neighbours are unknown. Recently, changes in susceptibility to pathogen resulting from such interactions were demonstrated, a phenomenon called neighbour-modulated susceptibility (NMS). However, the genetics of NMS and the associated molecular responses are largely unexplored. Here, we analysed in rice the modification of biomass and susceptibility to the blast fungus pathogen in the Kitaake focal genotype in the presence of 280 different neighbours. Using genome-wide association studies, we identified the loci in the neighbour that determine the response in Kitaake. Using a targeted transcriptomic approach, we characterized the molecular responses in focal plants co-cultivated with various neighbours inducing a reduction in susceptibility. Our study demonstrates that NMS is controlled by one major locus in the rice genome of its neighbour. Furthermore, we show that this locus can be associated with characteristic patterns of gene expression in focal plant. Finally, we propose an hypothesis where Pi could play a role in explaining this case of NMS. Our study sheds light on how plants affect the physiology in their neighbourhood and opens perspectives for understanding plant-plant interactions.
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- 2023
47. Drought survival and recovery in grasses: Stress intensity and plant–plant interactions impact plant dehydration tolerance
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Karim Barkaoui, Florence Volaire, Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département agronomie et sciences de l'environnement pour les agroécosystèmes (AgroEcoSystem), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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senescence ,Tolérance à la sécheresse ,Physiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Festuca arundinacea ,Plant Science ,Poaceae ,relative yield ,Déshydratation ,intraspecific variability ,lethal drought ,Physiologie végétale ,Résistance à la sécheresse ,drought acclimation ,drought recovery ,H50 - Troubles divers des plantes ,Dactylis glomerata ,leaf meristem - Abstract
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21834459.; International audience; Plant dehydration tolerance confers drought survival in grasses, but the mortality thresholds according to soil water content (SWC), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and plant-plant interactions are little explored. We compared the dehydration dynamics of leaf meristems, which are the key surviving organs, plant mortality, and recovery of Mediterranean and temperate populations of two perennial grass species, Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea, grown in monocultures and mixtures under a low-VPD (1.5 kPa) versus a high-VPD drought (2.2 kPa). The lethal drought index (LD 50), that is, SWC associated with 50% plant mortality, ranged from 2.87% (ψs = −1.68 MPa) to 2.19% (ψs = −4.47 MPa) and reached the lowest values under the low-VPD drought. Populations of D. glomerata were more dehydration-tolerant (lower LD 50), survived and recovered better than F. arundinacea populations. Plant-plant interactions modified dehydration tolerance and improved post-drought recovery in mixtures compared with monocultures. Water content as low as 20.7%-36.1% in leaf meristems allowed 50% of plants to survive. We conclude that meristem dehydration causes plant mortality and that drought acclimation can increase dehydration tolerance. Genetic diversity, acclimation and plant-plant interactions are essential sources of dehydration tolerance variability to consider when predicting drought-induced mortality.
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- 2023
48. Le warrantage, un dispositif pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne
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Tristan Le Cotty, Élodie Maître d’Hôtel, Issoufou Porgo, Julie Subervie, Raphaël Soubeyran, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Confédération paysanne du Faso (CPF), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
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banque agricole ,E13 - Investissements, financement et crédit ,Afrique subsaharienne ,Afrique ,céréale ,Sahel ,Burkina Faso ,microcredit [EN] ,moyens d’existence durables ,développement rural ,Warrantage ,agriculture ,E10 - Économie et politique agricoles ,Crédit agricole ,Organisation de producteurs ,Économie agricole ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,General Medicine ,marché ,stockage des récoltes ,sécurité alimentaire ,microfinance ,impact ,institution financière - Abstract
International audience; Le warrantage se développe actuellement dans plusieurs pays du Sahel. C’est un dispositif de crédit-stockage mis en place par une organisation d’agriculteurs et une institution financière. Il consiste à stocker quelques mois une partie des céréales après la récolte dans un entrepôt en échange d’un crédit individuel. Sans ce crédit, les agriculteurs tendent à vendre leurs céréales dès la récolte pour rembourser les dettes ou subvenir à leurs besoins. Conséquence : les familles ont par la suite du mal à assurer la soudure, période de transition entre l’épuisement des stocks et la nouvelle récolte, et à investir dans leurs systèmes de production agricole. L’évaluation d’impact menée dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso montre que le warrantage accroît la disponibilité alimentaire en période de soudure et qu’il renforce l’investissement et la production agricoles. Pour que son développement s’accélère, il est nécessaire de satisfaire trois conditions : disposer d’infrastructures de stockage adaptées, assurer la qualité des produits stockés, et établir des relations de confiance étroites entre institutions financières, organisations de producteurs et commerçants. Cette dernière condition est mise à mal par l’extension des conflits armés au Sahel.
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- 2023
49. The ecologically relevant genetics of plant–plant interactions
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Claude Becker, Richard Berthomé, Philippe Delavault, Timothée Flutre, Hélène Fréville, Stéphanie Gibot-Leclerc, Valérie Le Corre, Jean-Benoit Morel, Nathalie Moutier, Stéphane Muños, Céline Richard-Molard, James Westwood, Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Alexandre de Saint Germain, Gaëtan Louarn, Fabrice Roux, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité en Sciences Biologiques et Biotechnologies de Nantes (US2B), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This International PLANTCOM network is financially supported by the Plant Health and Environment division of INRAE.
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environmental stresses ,genotype-by-genotype interactions ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,microbiome ,agro-ecology ,Plant Science ,ecological genomics ,plant communities - Abstract
International audience; Interactions among plants have been long recognized as a major force driving plant community dynamics and crop yield. Surprisingly, our knowledge of the ecological genetics associated with variation of plant-plant interactions remains limited. In this opinion article by scientists from complementary disciplines, the international PLANTCOM network identified four timely questions to foster a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating plant assemblages. We propose that by identifying the key relationships among phenotypic traits involved in plant-plant interactions and the underlying adaptive genetic and molecular pathways, while considering environmental fluctuations at diverse spatial and time scales, we can improve predictions of genotype-by-genotype-by-environment interactions and modeling of productive and stable plant assemblages in wild habitats and crop fields.
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- 2023
50. 40 years of forest dynamics and tree demography in an intact tropical forest at M’Baïki in central Africa
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Bénédet, Fabrice, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Allah-Barem, Félix, Baya, Fidèle, Beina, Denis, Cornu, Guillaume, Dimanche, Luc, Dubiez, Émilien, Forni, Éric, Freycon, Vincent, Mortier, Frédéric, Ouédraogo, Dakis-Yaoba, Picard, Nicolas, Rossi, Vivien, Semboli, Olivia, Yalibanda, Yves, Yongo-Bombo, Olga, and Fayolle, Adeline
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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