Author: "Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1,268 results on '"Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales"'

1. Evaluation of Two Positions for Free Floating Tracheal Intubation in Weightlessness

Author: Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and Dr Seamus Thierry, Anesthesiologist and Intensive Care Doctor
Published: 2022

2. Cerebral Blood Flow Distribution During Parabolic Flight-induced Microgravity (GraCer)

Author: Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université de Caen Normandie, and The University of New South Wales
Published: 2020

3. Mesures physiques et signatures en teledetection. Actes

Author: Guyot, G., Salmon, C., International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, ., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, ., Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Partenaires INRAE, and Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
Subjects: GEOCHIMIE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 1994

4. Proprietes spectrales des sols et de la vegetation application a la teledetection

Author: Guyot, G., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, ., ProdInra, Migration, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RAYONNEMENT IR, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 1990

5. Sail : un modele de reflectance de couverts vegetaux. Presentation et analyse de sensibilite

Author: Baret, Frédéric, Podaire, A., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, ., ProdInra, Migration, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], INDICE FOLIAIRE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 1990

6. Signification des mesures hyperfrequences sur les sols nus

Author: Bruckler, Laurent, Witono, H., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, ., ProdInra, Migration, Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 1990

7. Suivi des cultures, estimation de la biomasse et prevision du rendement a partir du satellite Spot dans la Basse Vallee du Rhone

Author: Guerif, Martine, Seguin, Bernard, INRA, ., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, ., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ., Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RIZ
Published: 1986

8. La regression non lineaire : quelques applications dans le domaine de la teledetection

Author: Baret, Frédéric, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, ., Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], INDICE FOLIAIRE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 1988

9. Suivi des bilans energetique et hydrique a partir des mesures spatiales dans l'infrarouge thermique

Author: Lagouarde, Jean-Pierre, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, ., Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RAYONNEMENT IR, SUIVI DES CULTURES, AGROMETEOROLOGIE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 1988

10. First assessment of optical and microwave remotely sensed vegetation proxies in monitoring aboveground carbon in tropical Asia

Author: Cui, Tianxiang, Fan, Lei, Ciais, Philippe, Fensholt, R., Frappart, Frédéric, Sitch, Stephen A., Chave, Jérôme, Chang, Zhongbing, Li, Xiaojun, Wang, Mengjia, Liu, Xiangzhuo, Ma, Mingguo, Wigneron, Jean Pierre, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Southwest University [Chongqing], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Exeter, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier - Faculté de médecine Purpan (UTPS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Zhengzhou University, European Space Agency, ESA: ESRIN/4000123002/18/I-NB, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 42171339, 42201364, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, CNES, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province: BK20190764, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, SKLRSS: OFSLRSS202005, and This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 42201364 , 42171339 ), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province ( BK20190764 ), and the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science ( OFSLRSS202005 ). J.-P·W acknowledges funding support from the CNES ( Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales , France) TOSCA programme. P.C. and J.-P·W acknowledge support from the ESA CCI RECCAP2-A project ( ESRIN/4000123002/18/I-NB ).
Subjects: Microwave remote sensing, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil Science, Optical vegetation proxies, Vegetation optical depth, Geology, Computers in Earth Sciences, Above ground carbon, Tropical Asia
Abstract: International audience; Tropical Asia has shown a strong greening trend in recent years. However, detailed knowledge about changes in carbon stocks remain uncertain as only few studies have used remotely sensed vegetation products for monitoring spatial and temporal changes of aboveground live biomass carbon (AGC) in that region. This study aims at evaluating optical- and microwave-based vegetation proxies (i.e., LAI, percent tree cover (PTC), L−/X-/C-band vegetation optical depths (VOD)) for understanding the spatio-temporal variations of tropical Asian AGC between 2013 and 2019. Our results indicated that the spatial distributions of L-VOD and PTC were highly spatially correlated with four benchmark AGC maps used for comparison (R > 0.79 and R > 0.75, respectively). By employing L-VOD as the reference data in assessing AGC dynamics, the X-/C-VOD showed advantages in capturing AGC changes for low-medium (20–40 Mg C/ha) carbon density vegetation, respectively, while other vegetation proxies showed limited capabilities. All proxies presented limitations in tracking AGC dynamics at high AGC density (> 60 Mg C/ha). Tropical Asian AGC stocks estimated using the L-VOD product indicated that tropical Asia accumulated carbon in biomass at a rate of +44+39+53 Tg C/yr between 2013 and 2019. This small sink is dominated by non-forest biomes (65.9%). The non-forest regions in southern India, southwest China, and southern Vietnam and southwest China showed a continuous AGC increase while forests in northern Laos, Malaysia, and central Indonesia experienced continuous decreases between 2013 and 2019 caused by deforestation.
Published: 2023

11. Gas-phase spectroscopic identification of the chlorovinyl radical

Author: Carlos Cabezas, Ching-Hua Chang, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Yasuki Endo, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Cabezas, Carlos, Guillemin, Jean-Claude, Endo, Yasuki, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 104-2113-M-009-202], and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: 7 pags., 4 figs., 3 tabs., Fourier transform microwave spectra for two isomers of the chlorine substituted vinyl radical have been observed in the 4-52 GHz frequency region. The observed radicals (2A') have been generated using electric discharges of diluted dichloro derivatives of ethylene as molecular precursors. Fine and hyperfine components observed for each rotational transition are fully assigned in the present study to two isotopologues (35Cl and 37Cl), and precise molecular constants are determined for both radicals., The present study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, MOST 104-2113-M-009-202. JCG thanks the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for a grant.
Published: 2022

12. Internal rotation analysis of the microwave and millimeter wave spectra of fluoral (CF3CHO)

Author: Bermúdez Arias, María Celina, Motiyenko, Roman, Cabezas, Carlos, Ilyushin, Vadim V., Margulès, Laurent D., Endo, Yasuki, Guillemin, Jean-Claude, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Física Fundamental [Madrid] (IFF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Physique Moléculaire aux Interfaces (PMI), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Radio Astronomy of NASU [Kharkiv] (IRA), V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (KhNU), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was supported by the National French Programme 'ANR Labex CaPPA' through the PIA under contract ANR-11-LABX-0005-01, by the contract CPER CLIMIBIO, by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under Grant Nos MOST 104-2113-M-009-020 (Y.E.), and by MOST 105-2811-M-009-026 (C.C.). J.-C.G. thanks the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for financial support., and ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011)
Subjects: Espectroscopía molecular, Aldehídos fluorados, Rotational spectroscopy, Large amplitude motion, Espectroscopía rotacional, Molecular spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, High resolution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fluorinated aldehydes, Instrumentation, Atmospheric, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Producción Científica, The rotational spectrum (4–40 GHz and 50–330 GHz) has been measured and analyzed for trifluoroacetaldehyde, also known as fluoral (CF3CHO), which is one of the degradation products of the fluorinated contaminants emitted into the atmosphere. The complexity of the spectroscopic analysis of this molecule arises from the strong coupling between the internal rotation motion of CF3 group and the overall rotation of the molecule. The value obtained for its coupling constant (ρ = 0.91723481(49)) is comparable to the corresponding value of methanol (CH3OH, ρ = 0.81), which is known for its complex spectrum. A total of 12,322 transitions of the ground, the first and second excited torsional states (ΔE1υt = 62.0183(13)cm−1; ΔE2υt = 120.3315(13)cm−1) with J ≤ 50 were included in the analysis that was performed employing the rho-axis-method (RAM), and the RAM36 code. A fit within experimental error (root mean square deviation equals to 35 kHz) has been achieved for this dataset using 47 parameters of the RAM torsion-rotation Hamiltonian. In the course of the analysis, it became evident that for such high ρ value, as it is determined for fluoral, a larger than usual torsional basis set at the first diagonalization step of the two-step diagonalization procedure is required for achieving a fit within experimental error., National French Programme “ANR Labex CaPPA” through the PIA (contract ANR-11-LABX-0005-01), Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grants MOST 104-2113-M-009-020 and MOST 105-2811-M-009-026)
Published: 2022

13. Dual storage and release of molecular oxygen in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: Adrienn Luspay-Kuti, Olivier Mousis, Françoise Pauzat, Ozge Ozgurel, Yves Ellinger, Jonathan I. Lunine, Stephen A. Fuselier, Kathleen E. Mandt, Karlheinz J. Trattner, Steven M. Petrinec, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales - Direction Des Lanceurs. (CNES), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie théorique (LCT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oslo (UiO), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University [New York], The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), University of Colorado [Boulder], Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center (ATC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [80NSSC18K1620], Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille Universite-A*M idex, a French 'Investissements d'Avenir programme' French National Research Agency (ANR) [AMX-21-IET-018], CNES Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX17AL71A], CNRS-INSU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)
Subjects: [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: All data processed as described above are included in the Article and Supplementary Information. The ROSINA/DFMS spectra used to derive count rates are available in the NASA Planetary DataSystem (https://pds-smallbodies.astro.umd.edu/data_sb/missions/rosetta/index.shtml) and ESA Planetary Science Archive (https://archives.esac.esa.int/psa/#!Table%20View/Rosetta=mission). Source data are provided with this paper.; International audience; One of the biggest surprises of the Rosetta mission was the detection of O-2 in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in remarkably high abundances. The measured levels of O-2 in the coma are generally assumed to reflect the overall abundance and chemical origin of cometary O-2 in the nucleus. Along with its strong association with H2O and weak association with CO and CO2, these measurements led to the consensus that the source and release of cometary O-2 are linked to H2O. We analysed ROSINA observations and found a previously unrecognized change in the correlations of O-2 with H2O, CO2 and CO that contradicts the prevailing notion that the release of O-2 is linked to H2O at all times. These findings can be explained by the presence of two distinct reservoirs of O-2: a pristine source in the deeper nucleus layers dating back to before nucleus formation, and an H2O-trapped secondary reservoir formed during the thermal evolution of the nucleus. These results imply that O-2 must have been incorporated into the nucleus in a solid and distinct phase during accretion in significantly lower abundances than previously assumed. Seasonal changes in the correlation between O-2 and H2O in comet 67P's coma are indicative of two reservoirs of molecular oxygen in the nucleus, a deeper primordial one and a surficial one, suggesting that the observed high abundance of O-2 and its association with H2O are not reflective of the original accretion source.
Published: 2022

14. Combining IR and X‐ray microtomography data sets: Application to Itokawa particles and to Paris meteorite

Author: Akira Tsuchiyama, David Troadec, Tomoki Nakamura, Rosario Brunetto, Zahia Djouadi, Christophe Sandt, Anne Cécile Buellet, Alessandra Rotundi, Donia Baklouti, Ferenc Borondics, Alice Aléon-Toppani, Andrew King, Stefano Rubino, Z. Dionnet, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Physiogénomique / NeuroTranscriptomes et Paléogénétique (LPG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tohoku University [Sendai], Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), SMIS Beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Kyoto], Kyoto University, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, This work is supported by the 'IDI 2015' project funded by the IDEX Paris-Saclay (Grant ANR-11-IDEX- 0003-02). The FT-IR microspectroscopy activities are supported by grants from Région Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV) and SOLEIL. This work has been funded by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES-France, Hayabusa2 mission) and by the ANR project CLASSY (Grant ANR-17-CE31-0004-02) of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche. This work was partly supported by the French RENATECH network. We wish to thank the Italian Space Agency (ASI, Italy) contract no. I/024/12/2 and MIUR, contracts PNRA16-00029 and PRIN2015-20158W4JZ7. We are grateful to the JAXA Curator for allocating the Hayabusa particles. We thank T. Yada and L. Bonal for useful discussion, B. Zanda for providing the Paris meteorite sample, and the ANATOMIX team (SOLEIL) for their help with Avizo., Renatech Network, ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), ANR-17-CE31-0004,CLASSY,Composition des surfaces du Système Solaire de bas albédo(2017), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF-IEMN), and Kyoto University [Kyoto]
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Geophysics, X-ray microtomography, Materials science, Meteorite, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In the near future, a new generation of sample return missions (Hayabusa2, OSIRIS-REx, MMX, etc.) will collect samples from small solar system bodies. To maximize the scientific outcome of laboratory studies and minimize the loss of precious extraterrestrial samples, an analytical sequence from less destructive to more destructive techniques needs to be established. In this work, we present a combined X-ray and IR microtomography applied to five Itokawa particles and one fragment of the primitive carbonaceous chondrite Paris. We show that this analytical approach is able to provide a 3-D physical and chemical characterization of individual extraterrestrial particles, using the measurement of their 3-D structure and porosity, and the detection of mineral and organic phases, and their spatial co-localization in 3-D. We propose these techniques as an efficient first step in a multitechnique analytical sequence on microscopic samples collected by space missions.
Published: 2020

15. On the Application of Sparse Spherical Harmonic Expansion for Fast Antenna Far-Field Measurements

Author: Nicolas Mezieres, Jean-Marie Lerat, Gwenn Le Fur, Benjamin Fuchs, Romain Contreres, Laurent Le Coq, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE ), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales - Direction Des Lanceurs. (CNES), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNESSciences et Technologies de l'information et de la Communication, Université Paris-Saclay, STIC DSMinistère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, MESREuropean Commission, ECEuropean Regional Development Fund, FEDER, Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: sparse recovery, Computer science, antenna radiation patterns, Antenna measurement, Spherical harmonics, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Near and far field, 02 engineering and technology, Antenna measurements, Radiation pattern, Harmonic analysis, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Compressed sensing, spherical vector wave expansion, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Antenna (radio), Algorithm, compressed sensing, Interpolation
Abstract: International audience; The characterization of 3-D antenna radiation patterns is time-consuming. The field acquisition duration can be dramatically reduced by leveraging the sparsity of the radiated field spectrum into spherical harmonic basis. Only a small number of measurements points are then necessary to identify the few significant spherical coefficients describing accurately the antenna pattern. In practice, this compressed sensing-based procedure requires carefully chosen settings to work efficiently. The fitting to the data and the field sampling strategy are two crucial points in order to ensure a successful fast antenna measurement procedure. The techniques with experimental validations are proposed to ensure a reliable field interpolation. Estimations of savings in acquisition time are also provided to show the interest of the proposed method.
Published: 2020

16. Impact of moderately energetic fine-scale dynamics on the phytoplankton community structure in the western Mediterranean Sea

Author: Roxane Tzortzis, Andrea M. Doglioli, Stéphanie Barrillon, Anne A. Petrenko, Francesco d'Ovidio, Lloyd Izard, Melilotus Thyssen, Ananda Pascual, Bàrbara Barceló-Llull, Frédéric Cyr, Marc Tedetti, Nagib Bhairy, Pierre Garreau, Franck Dumas, Gérald Gregori, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, This research has been supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (grant no. BC 4500066497)., Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, QE1-996.5, front, Ecology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, 01 natural sciences, Life, fine-scale, QH501-531, phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Model simulations and remote sensing observations show that ocean dynamics at fine scales (1–100 km in space, day–weeks in time) strongly influence the distribution of phytoplankton. However, only a few in situ-based studies at fine scales have been performed, and most of them concern western boundary currents which may not be representative of less energetic regions. The PROTEVSMEDSWOT cruise took place in the moderately energetic waters of the western Mediterranean Sea (WMS), in the region south of the Balearic Islands. Taking advantage of nearreal-time satellite information, we defined a sampling strategy in order to cross a frontal zone separating different water masses. Multi-parametric in situ sensors mounted on the research vessel, on a towed vehicle and on an ocean glider were used to sample physical and biogeochemical variables at a high spatial resolution. Particular attention was given to adapting the sampling route in order to estimate the vertical velocities in the frontal area also. This strategy was successful in sampling quasi-synoptically an oceanic area characterized by the presence of a narrow front with an associated vertical circulation. A multiparametric statistical analysis of the collected data identifies two water masses characterized by different abundances of several phytoplankton cytometric functional groups, as well as different concentrations of chlorophyll a and O2. Here, we focus on moderately energetic fronts induced by fine-scale circulation. Moreover, we explore physical–biological coupling in an oligotrophic region. Our results show that the fronts induced by the finescale circulation, even if weaker than the fronts occurring in energetic and nutrient-rich boundary current systems, maintain nevertheless a strong structuring effect on the phytoplankton community by segregating different groups at the surface. Since oligotrophic and moderately energetic regions are representative of a very large part of the world ocean, our results may have global significance when extrapolated., This research has been supported by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (grant no. BC 4500066497).
Published: 2021

17. Soil moisture and vegetation optical depth retrievals over heterogeneous scenes using LEWIS L-band radiometer

Author: Yann Kerr, S. Gascoin, M. Barrée, Arnaud Mialon, Romain Biron, Marie Parrens, Thierry Pellarin, F. Lemaître, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ONERA / DOTA, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, The authors acknowledge support by CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) TOSCA program, the 'Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS' (CATDS), operated for the CNES (France) by IFREMER (Brest, France)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), DOTA, ONERA [Salon], ONERA, and The authors acknowledge support by CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) TOSCA program, the 'Centre Aval de Traitement des Donn ́ees SMOS' (CATDS), operated for the CNES (France) by IFREMER (Brest, France).
Subjects: Brightness, L band, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Footprint, Cal/Val, Radiative transfer, 14. Life underwater, Computers in Earth Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Remote sensing, Global and Planetary Change, Radiometer, VOD, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Surface soil moisture, L-band, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Radiometry, Satellite, SMOS
Abstract: International audience; The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite has been providing global data for more than 11 years. The algorithm to retrieve surface soil moisture (SM) and vegetation optical depth (VOD) from Brightness Temperatures (TB) has constantly evolved as our understanding of the instrument and of the responses to various ecosystems increased. The evolution of the radiative transfer modelling used in the inversion process is in part based upon ground measurements done on experimental sites. We present the particular case of an L-band radiometer placed on top of a 800- meter-high cliff. This design allows us to study large and various scenes when compared to classical experiments where a radiometer is placed 10–20 m above a surface. With our set up, the footprints cover areas larger than 300 m in diameter, covering thus several land use types and the footprint can be directed towards different dominant land classes (forest, crops, urban etc…). This paper presents the whole set up consisting of in situ measurements (soil moisture and surface temperatures) and L-band radiometry acquired by the LEWIS instrument at high incidence angles. We perform SM/VOD retrievals from brightness temperatures using various configurations which are compared to the in situ observations. We test in particular a 2-VOD retrieval approach that consists in deriving one SM for the entire scene but two VOD, one for agricultural/low vegetation and a VOD for the forest parts, which improves the performance of the SM/VOD retrievals.
Published: 2021

18. Submillimeter wave spectroscopy of propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH) and its ISM search

Author: Lucie Kolesniková, O. Dorovskaya, Elena R. Alonso, Vadim V. Ilyushin, Laurent Margulès, José Cernicharo, Belén Tercero, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Roman A. Motiyenko, Eugene A. Alekseev, Institute of Radio Astronomy of NASU [Kharkiv] (IRA), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Moléculaire aux Interfaces (PMI), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Madrid, Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Instituto de Física Fundamental [Madrid] (IFF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LM/RAM/JCG acknowledge the support of the Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU. JCG thanks also the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for a grant. BT and JC thank Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (MICIU) for funding support through projects AYA2016-75066-C2-1-P, PID2019-106110 GB-I00, PID2019-107115 GB-C21/ AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and PID2019-106235 GB-I00. We also thank ERC for funding through grant ERC2013-Syg-610256-NANOCOSMOS., ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan) with NRC (Canada), NSC, and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. This work was also based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30-meter telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain)., European Project: 610256,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,NANOCOSMOS(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Methods: laboratory: molecular, Methyl acetate, Line: identification, Analytical chemistry, laboratory: molecular [Methods], 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Ethyl formate, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, identification [Line], Spectroscopy, Submillimeter: ISM, molecules [ISM], Physics, 010304 chemical physics, Molecular data, Hydroxyacetone, ISM [Submillimeter], Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, ISM: molecules, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Interstellar medium, Propanoic acid, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Excited state, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA]
Abstract: 8 pags., 3 figs., 3 tabs., Three compounds with a CHO formula have been detected in the Interstellar Medium (ISM): ethyl formate (CHCHOC(O)H), methyl acetate (CHOC(O)CH) and very recently hydroxyacetone (CHC(O)CHOH). The higher thermodynamic stability of another isomer, the propanoic acid (CHCHC(O)OH), clearly suggests that this molecule should be considered as a possible candidate for ISM detection. To provide reliable predictions for astronomical use in the millimeter and submillimeter wave ranges we performed a new study of propanoic acid rotational spectrum up to 545 GHz. The analysis of large amplitude methyl top torsional motion in this molecule was carried out using the rho axis method and the RAM36 program code. More than 3200 lines corresponding to the rotational transitions in the ground and first excited methyl top torsional states were newly assigned and fit within experimental error. This enabled us to produce new predictions which were used to search for propanoic acid in two high-mass star-forming regions: SgrB2 (public IRAM 30 m) and Orion KL (ALMA Science Verification). We report a non-detection of propanoic acid in these clouds and derive upper limits to the column density., LM/RAM/JCG acknowledge the support of the Programme National “Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire” (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU. JCG thanks also the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for a grant. BT and JC thank Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci ́on of Spain (MICIU) for funding support through projects AYA2016-75066-C2-1-P, PID2019-106110 GB-I00, PID2019-107115 GB-C21/ AEI/ 10.13039/ 501100011033, and PID2019-106235 GB-I00. We also thank ERC for funding through grant ERC2013-Syg-610256-NANOCOSMOS. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA⧹♯2011.0.00009.SV. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan) with NRC (Canada), NSC, and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. This work was also based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30-meter telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain)
Published: 2021

19. High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of DC3N in the Stretching Region

Author: Ningjing Jiang, Mattia Melosso, Filippo Tamassia, Luca Bizzocchi, Luca Dore, Elisabetta Canè, Davide Fedele, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Cristina Puzzarini, University of Bologna, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Bologna University (RFO funds), MIUR (Project PRIN 2015: STARS in the CAOS) Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) [2015F59J3R], China Scholarships Council (CSC), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) [L. 232], Ningjing Jiang, Mattia Melosso, Filippo Tamassia, Luca Bizzocchi, Luca Dore, Elisabetta Canè, Davide Fedele, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Cristina Puzzarini, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: cyanoacetylene, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Astronomy, Infrared, Infrared spectroscopy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, lcsh:QB1-991, Telescope, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cyanoacetylene, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, infrared spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Spectrometer, interstellar, lcsh:QC801-809, Astronomy and Astrophysics, cyanoacetylene, interstellar: matter, rovibrational spectroscopy, spectral analysis, infrared spectroscopy, Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy, matter, spectral analysis, Interstellar medium, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, interstellar: matter, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics, rovibrational spectroscopy
Abstract: The perspectives opened by modern ground-based infrared facilities and the forthcoming James Webb Telescope mission have brought a great attention to the ro-vibrational spectra of simple interstellar molecules. In this view, and because of the lack of accurate spectroscopic data, we have investigated the infrared spectrum of deuterated cyanoacetylene (DC3N), a relevant astrochemical species. The ν1, ν2, and ν3 fundamentals as well as their hot-bands were observed in the stretching region (1,500–3,500 cm−1) by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Supplementary measurements were performed at millimeter-wavelengths (243–295 GHz) with a frequency-modulation spectrometer equipped with a furnace, that allowed to probe pure rotational transitions in the investigated stretching states. Furthermore, since HC3N is observed as by-product in our spectra and suffers from the same deficiency of accurate infrared data, its ro-vibrational features have been analyzed as well. The combined analysis of both rotational and ro-vibrational data allowed us to determine precise spectroscopic constants that can be used to model the infrared spectra of DC3N and HC3N. The importance of accurate molecular data for the correct modeling of proto-planetary disks and exoplanetary atmospheres is then discussed.
Published: 2021

20. Collisional cooling of primordial and interstellar media by H2

Author: G. Pineau des Forêts, P. Hily-Blant, François Lique, Tomás González-Lezana, D. R. Flower, Alexandre Faure, European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Institut Universitaire de France, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Durham University, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeEuropean Research Council (ERC) [811363], Programme National Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP, CNES Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, CEA French Atomic Energy Commission, MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE [FIS2017-83157-P], STFCUK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/L00075X/1], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Shock wave, Mean kinetic temperature, molecular data, Abundance (chemistry), Quantum dynamics, Linear interpolation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Molecular processes, Shock waves, 0103 physical sciences, atomic data, Molecule, miscellaneous [Cosmology], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Collisional excitation, Atomic data, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Molecular data, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Function (mathematics), shock waves, molecular processes, Space and Planetary Science, Atomic and molecular collisions, Atomic physics, cosmology: miscellaneous, Molecular physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: 8 pags., 10 figs., 2 tabs., We have computed the rate of collisional cooling of a gas by H2 molecules under conditions appropriate to the primordial and interstellar media. We incorporated the results of recent calculations of the rate coefficients for collisional excitation of H2 by H and H+, which are essential to a reliable evaluation of the ortho:para H2 ratio and the cooling rate. Comparison is made with the results of previous calculations of the cooling function. The data are made available for grids of values of the kinetic temperature, density, H:H2 ratio, and the fractional abundance of H+, together with a programme to perform linear interpolation of the data sets for any given set of values of these parameters, within the ranges of the grids., This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 811363). We acknowledge the Programme National Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES. FL acknowledges financial support from the Institut Universitaire de France. TG-L acknowledges support from project no. FIS2017-83157-P (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE). DRF acknowledges support from STFC (ST/L00075X/1), including provision of local computing resources.
Published: 2021

21. Passerini and Ugi Reactions Involving Kinetically Unstable Isocyanides

Author: Houda Gazzeh, Yann Trolez, Alexandre Quelhas, Thierry Roisnel, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Passerini reaction, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Ugi reaction, Organic chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Multicomponent Reaction, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Passerini Reaction, Ugi Reaction, Kinetically Unstable Isocyanides
Abstract: International audience; Kinetically unstable isocyanides as vinyl, allenyl and propargyl isocyanides react in Passerini and Ugi reactions faster than they decompose and lead to functionalized alpha-acyloxy amides and alpha-amino amides, respectively, which can subsequently be used in reactions involving the unsaturated substituent.
Published: 2021

22. The excitation of CNCN in the interstellar medium: hyperfine resolved rate coefficients and non-LTE modelling

Author: G Dieye, Cheikh T. Bop, François Lique, D Ndaw, N. A. Boye Faye, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) French Atomic Energy Commission, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, Bop, Cheikh, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Société Ouest Africane de Physique
Subjects: molecular data, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], 010402 general chemistry, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, ISM: abundances, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Quantum dynamics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Hyperfine structure, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISM: molecules, 0104 chemical sciences, Interstellar medium, molecular processes, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Atomic physics, Molecular physics, Excitation
Abstract: The recent detections of CNCN and HNCCN+ are seen as further evidence of the large abundance of NCCN in the interstellar medium. The accurate determination of the abundance of these chemically related compounds from the observational spectra requires the prior calculation of collisional rate coefficients. In this work, we aimed at computing hyperfine resolved rate coefficients for the CNCN–He collisional system. First, we determined a new potential energy surface for the CNCN–He van der Waals complex from which we computed rotationally resolved excitation cross-sections for energies up to 800 cm−1 using the quantum mechanical close-coupling approach. Then, hyperfine resolved transitions between the 30 low-lying pure rotational levels of CNCN were computed for temperatures ranging from 5 to 150 K using an improved infinite order sudden approach. The analysis of the scattering results showed a propensity rule in favour of Δj = ΔF1 = ΔF for the hyperfine transitions and a slight dominance of the odd Δj transitions. Using these data, we carried out non-LTE radiative transfer calculations to simulate the excitation of CNCN in molecular clouds and to constrain the physical conditions of cold dark clouds. Preliminary results showed that the abundance of CNCN derived from observational spectra has to be revisited using these new collisional data.
Published: 2021

23. Rotational spectroscopy of isotopic cyclopropenone, $c$-H$_2$C$_3$O, and determination of its equilibrium structure

Author: Frank Lewen, Stephan Schlemmer, M Ananya Brahmi, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Holger S. P. Müller, Universität zu Köln, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB 956, 184018867], Geratezentrum [SCHL 341/15-1], DFG German Research Foundation (DFG) European Commission, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales [4500065585], Programme National Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU, INC/INP - CEA, INC/INP - CNES, Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, molecular data, Analytical chemistry, methods: laboratory: molecular, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Isotopomers, chemistry.chemical_compound, Physics - Chemical Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molecule, Sagittarius B2, Cyclopropenone, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), radio lines: ISM, 010304 chemical physics, astrochemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM: molecules, 3. Good health, chemistry, Deuterium, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Rotational spectroscopy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, techniques: spectroscopic
Abstract: Cyclopropenone was first detected in the cold and less dense envelope of Sagittarius B2(N). It was found later in several cold dark clouds and it may be possible to detect its minor isotopic species in these environments. In addition, the main species may well be identified in warmer environments. We aim to extend existing line lists of isotopologs of c-H2C3O from the microwave to the millimeter region and create one for the singly deuterated isotopolog to facilitate their detections in space. Furthermore, we aim to extend the line list of the main isotopic species to the submillimeter region and to evaluate an equilibrium structure of the molecule. We employed a cyclopropenone sample in natural isotopic composition to investigate the rotational spectra of the main and 18O-containing isotopologs as well as the two isotopomers containing one 13C atom. Spectral recordings of the singly and doubly deuterated isotopic species were obtained using a cyclopropenone sample highly enriched in deuterium. We recorded rotational transitions in the 70-126 GHz and 160-245 GHz regions for all isotopologs and also in the 342-505 GHz range for the main species. Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out to evaluate initial spectroscopic parameters and the differences between ground-state and equilibrium rotational parameters in order to derive semi-empirical equilibrium structural parameters. We determined new or improved spectroscopic parameters for six isotopologs and structural parameters according to different structure models. The spectroscopic parameters are accurate enough to identify minor isotopic species at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths while those of the main species are deemed to be reliable up to 1 THz. Our structural parameters differ from earlier ones. The deviations are attributed to misassignments in the earlier spectrum of one isotopic species., Comment: 11 pages; abstract slightly abbreviated; Astron. Astrophys., in press
Published: 2021
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24. Estimation of daily CO2 fluxes and of the components of the carbon budget for winter wheat by the assimilation of Sentinel 2-like remote sensing data into a crop model

Author: Morgan Ferlicoq, Remy Fieuzal, Aurore Brut, Gaétan Pique, Tiphaine Tallec, Ahmad Al Bitar, Eric Ceschia, Bartosz Zawilski, Jean-François Dejoux, Amanda Veloso, Hervé Gibrin, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Agence De l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie (ADEME) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales Agence de l'Eau Adour Garonne (AEAG) European Union (EU)730074Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-INSU) through the ICOS observatory Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-INSU) through the OSR SW observatory University Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier Centre National D'etudes Spatiales Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Phenology, Remote sensing monitoring, Soil Science, Climate change, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Winter wheat, Carbon budget, 13. Climate action, Crop modelling, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Cover crop, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Annual percentage yield
Abstract: International audience; Croplands contribute to greenhouse gas emissions but also have the potential to mitigate climate change through soil carbon storage. However, there is a lack of tools based on objective observations for assessing cropland C budgets at the plot scale over large areas. Such tools would allow us to more precisely establish the contribution of an agricultural plot to net CO2 emissions according to the plot management and identify levers for improving the C budget. In this study, we present a diagnostic regional modelling approach, called SAFY-CO2, that assimilates high spatial and temporal resolution (HSTR) optical remote sensing data in a simple crop model and evaluate the performance of this approach in quantifying crop production and the main components of the annual carbon budget for winter wheat.The SAFY-CO2 model simulates daily crop development (biomass, partition to leaves, etc.), the components of net ecosystem CO2 fluxes, and the annual yield and net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB).Multi-temporal green area index (GAI) maps derived from HSTR data from the Formosat-2 and SPOT satellites were used to calibrate the light-use efficiency and phenological parameters of the model. Data from the literature were used to set a priori values for a set of model parameters, and a large dataset of in situ data was used for model validation. This dataset includes 8 years of eddy-covariance net CO2 flux measurements and GAL biomass and yield data acquired at 2 instrumented sites in southwest France. Biomass and yield data from 16 fields in the study area between 2005 and 2014 were also used for validation.The SAFY-CO2 model is able to reproduce both GAI dynamics (RRMSE = 14%, R-2 = 0.97) and biomass production and yield (RRMSE of 27% and 21%, respectively) with high precisions under contrasting climatic, environmental and management conditions. Additionally, the net CO2 flux components estimated by the model generally agreed well with in situ data and presented very good and significant correlations (RMSE of 1.74, 1.13 and 1.29 gC.m(-2).d for GPP, R-eco and NEE, respectively; R-2 of 0.90, 0.75 and 0.85 for GPP, R-eco and NEE, respectively) over the 8 studied years. This study also highlights the importance of accounting for post-harvest vegetative events (spontaneous re-growth, weed development and cover crops) for an accurate calculation of the annual net CO2 flux. This approach requires a limited number of input parameters for estimating yield and net CO2 flux components, which is promising for regional/global-scale applications based on Sentinel 2-like data; however, the approach requires plot-scale data concerning organic amendments and straw management (exportation) in animal farming systems to calculate field C budgets
Published: 2020

25. Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams

Author: Eyer, L., Rimoldini, L., Audard, M., Anderson, R. I., Nienartowicz, K., Glass, F., Marchal, O., Grenon, M., Mowlavi, N., Holl, B., Clementini, G., Aerts, C., Mazeh, T., Evans, D. W., Szabados, L., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell’Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., García-Torres, M., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J.-L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, A. J., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Löffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J.-M., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Süveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholomé Muñoz, S., Bassilana, J.-L., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Eriksson, K., Esquej, P., Eynard Bontemps, G., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Farràs Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frézouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janßen, K., Jevardat de Fombelle, G., Jonker, P. G., Juhász, Á. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J.-B., Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López, M., Lorenz, D., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevič, G., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O’Mullane, W., Ordénovic, C., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F.-X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sagristà Sellés, T., Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shih, I.-C., Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva [Switzerland], ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics, Probabilités, statistique, physique mathématique (PSPM), Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrophysique de l'observatoire de Besançon (LAOB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Heckscher-Klinikum, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Lund Observatory, Lund University [Lund], Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia [Barcelona] (DAM), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO), Zentrum für astronomie, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics (ICRA), Università degli Studi di Roma, Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratorio de Inmunologıa y Virologıa, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, University of Barcelona, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Professions, institutions, temporalités (PRINTEMPS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), M2A 2019, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Astronomy, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Astronomy and Space Physics [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas [Sao Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), SIM/IDL Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), University of Lisboa, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), AUTRES, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), National Institute for Subatomic Physics Nikhef [Amsterdam] (NIKHEF), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Departamento de Astrofisica [Madrid], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, University of Cadiz, CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (OAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Langage, lettres et arts du spectacle, information et communication - Dpt Lettres et arts du spectacle (UGA UFR LLASIC LAS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen], University of Groningen [Groningen], FORMATION STELLAIRE 2019, Geologists, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique [Montréal], Université de Montréal [Montréal], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Institute of Astronomy [Leuven], Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), Service de médecine interne diabète et maladies métaboliqe, Hôpital civil Strasbourg, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse (IRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Department of Plant Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Mitsubishi Electric ITE-TCL, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Departament Llenguatges i Sistemes Informatics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Virulence bactérienne et maladies infectieuses (VBMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE - SYRTE), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 7555, Laboratoire d'études dynamiques et structurales de la sélectivité (LEDSS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Atmel Corporation (ATMEL), ATMEL, Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool] (ARI), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), NSF Center for EUV Science and Technology, NSF, L3 group, Dipartemento di Fisica, Lecce, TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Ciènces del Cosmos (ICC), Centre Atlantique de Philosophie (CAPHI), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Réseaux, Information, Multimédia (RIM-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Inst. Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València (UV), Astronomical Observatory [Poznan], Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR d'Économie (UP1 UFR02), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Verona, Thales Services, THALES, Departement d'Astrophysique Stellaire et Galactique (DASGAL), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL), Center for health studies, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Astrometry, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Institute of Hydrology, Argelander Institute for Astronomy (AlfA), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Astronomical Observatory of the University of Warsaw, University of Warsaw (UW), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lohrmann Observatory, University of Ljubljana, Department of nuclear medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UIB)-University of Bergen (UIB), Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center-College of Medicine and Public Health [Colombus], Departament de Geodinamica i Geofısica, Facultat de Geologia, M2A 2012, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Solvay Silica, Solvay (France), Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), FORMATION STELLAIRE 2012, CICEnergigune, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Aberystwyth University, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading (UOR), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche de l'European Business School (IREBS), European Business School Paris (EBS Paris), LEI, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences [Budapest], Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), M2A 2015, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences [Modena], Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia [Reggio Emilia] (UNIMORE), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Université de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria [Espagne] (ULPGC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chaim Sheba Medical Center [Ramat Gan, Israel], University of Catania, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsinki Observatory, University of Helsinki [Helsinki], Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), R&D Tonnellerie Radoux, Tonnellerie Radoux, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), M2A 2013, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 (ICMR), SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], M2A 2014, Groupe de Recherche en Astronomie et Astrophysique du Languedoc (GRAAL), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Universidad de Alicante, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Lille, Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Physics Department, University of Crete (UOC), DEE, Budapest University of Technology and Economics [Budapest] (BME), European Space Astronomy Centre, KELLER Fondations spéciales, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingienerie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies (LIPHT), Ecole européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux [Strasbourg]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsinki University of Techology, Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Neurologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), EURATOM CIEMAT (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Equipe EES, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

26. Estimating Fractional Snow Cover in Open Terrain from Sentinel-2 Using the Normalized Difference Snow Index

Author: Germain Salgues, Juan I. López-Moreno, Paul Schattan, Simon Gascoin, Jesús Revuelto, Florence Marti, Olivier Hagolle, César Deschamps-Berger, Timothée Michon, Zacharie Barrou Dumont, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes de la Neige (CEN), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magellium SAS, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Tenevia, University of Innsbruck, Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, European Environment Agency, (EEA) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, Magellium, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck
Subjects: environmental_sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mean squared error, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0211 other engineering and technologies, Open terrain, Terrain, 02 engineering and technology, snow, Snow cover area, 01 natural sciences, Snow, Calibration, fractional snow cover, Fractional snow cover, snow cover area, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Science, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Sentinel-2, Lidar, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Satellite, lcsh:Q, Scale (map), Geology
Abstract: © 2020 by the authors, Sentinel-2 provides the opportunity to map the snow cover at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions on a global scale. Here we calibrate and evaluate a simple empirical function to estimate the fractional snow cover (FSC) in open terrains using the normalized difference snow index (NDSI) from 20 m resolution Sentinel-2 images. The NDSI is computed from flat surface reflectance after masking cloud and snow-free areas. The NDSI–FSC function is calibrated using Pléiades very high-resolution images and evaluated using independent datasets including SPOT 6/7 satellite images, time lapse camera photographs, terrestrial lidar scans and crowd-sourced in situ measurements. The calibration results show that the FSC can be represented with a sigmoid-shaped function 0.5 × tanh(a × NDSI + b) + 0.5, where a = 2.65 and b = −1.42, yielding a root mean square error (RMSE) of 25%. Similar RMSE are obtained with different evaluation datasets with a high topographic variability. With this function, we estimate that the confidence interval on the FSC retrievals is 38% at the 95% confidence level., This research was funded by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and the European Environment Agency (EEA). The APC was funded by CNES.
Published: 2020

27. Euclid: Nonparametric point spread function field recovery through interpolation on a graph Laplacian

Author: Santiago Serrano, Luca Conversi, R. I. Vito Capobianco, Bianca Garilli, M. Frailis, B. Kubik, Jason Rhodes, Luca Valenziano, Natalia Auricchio, Ole Marggraf, Jean-Luc Starck, Roberto P. Saglia, R. Cledassou, F. Pasian, Sebastiano Ligori, Claudio Vuerli, Julien Zoubian, Martin Kunz, Thomas D. Kitching, Richard Massey, Leonardo Corcione, Mauro Roncarelli, Rafael Toledo-Moreo, D. Hu, Ivan Lloro, A. N. Taylor, Peter Schneider, F. Raison, H. Israel, N. Fourmanoit, P. B. Lilje, Valeria Pettorino, O. Mansutti, Jarle Brinchmann, Felix Hormuth, F. M. Ngolè Mboula, Morgan A. Schmitz, S. Kermiche, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Sciences des Données et de la Décision (LS2D), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), von Hoerner und Sulger GmbH, University College of London [London] (UCL), Universitats-Sternwarte [München], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of Oslo (UiO), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC-CSIC), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Argelander-Institut für Astronomie (AlfA), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia [Barcelona] (IEEC-CSIC), University of Edinburgh, Departamento de Matematica Aplicada y Estadistica, Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena / Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT), Support by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales., The authors acknowledge the Euclid Consortium, the European Space Agency and the support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid. A detailed complete list is available on the Euclid web site (http://www.euclid-ec.org)., European Project: 665044,H2020,H2020-FETOPEN-2014-2015-RIA,DEDALE(2015), USA, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Academy of Finland, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Belgian Science Policy Office, Canadian Euclid Consortium, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Danish Space Research Institute, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Romanian Space Agency, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), Swiss Space Office, UK Space Agency, Norwegian Space Agency, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Universidade do Porto, Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Genève (UNIGE), and Technical University of Cartagena (UPTC)
Subjects: Point spread function, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], FOS: Physical sciences, Techniques: image processing, Image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, weak gravitational lensing, 01 natural sciences, Multivariate interpolation, statistical analysis, 0103 physical sciences, numerical methods, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, image processing [Techniques], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], observations [Cosmology], signal processing, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Weak gravitational lensing, Physics, Signal processing, Numerical analysis, Cosmology: observations, Nonparametric statistics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [INFO.INFO-NA]Computer Science [cs]/Numerical Analysis [cs.NA], Gravitational lensing: weakMethods: numerical, image processing, observations, Space and Planetary Science, weakMethods: numerical [Gravitational lensing], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Laplacian matrix, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Algorithm, cosmology, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME]
Abstract: Context. Future weak lensing surveys, such as the Euclid mission, will attempt to measure the shapes of billions of galaxies in order to derive cosmological information. These surveys will attain very low levels of statistical error, and systematic errors must be extremely well controlled. In particular, the point spread function (PSF) must be estimated using stars in the field, and recovered with high accuracy. Aims. The aims of this paper are twofold. Firstly, we took steps toward a nonparametric method to address the issue of recovering the PSF field, namely that of finding the correct PSF at the position of any galaxy in the field, applicable to Euclid. Our approach relies solely on the data, as opposed to parametric methods that make use of our knowledge of the instrument. Secondly, we studied the impact of imperfect PSF models on the shape measurement of galaxies themselves, and whether common assumptions about this impact hold true in an Euclid scenario. Methods. We extended the recently proposed resolved components analysis approach, which performs super-resolution on a field of under-sampled observations of a spatially varying, image-valued function. We added a spatial interpolation component to the method, making it a true 2-dimensional PSF model. We compared our approach to PSFEx, then quantified the impact of PSF recovery errors on galaxy shape measurements through image simulations. Results. Our approach yields an improvement over PSFEx in terms of the PSF model and on observed galaxy shape errors, though it is at present far from reaching the required Euclid accuracy. We also find that the usual formalism used for the propagation of PSF model errors to weak lensing quantities no longer holds in the case of an Euclid-like PSF. In particular, different shape measurement approaches can react differently to the same PSF modeling errors., This work was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and the European Community through the grant DEDALE (contract no. 665044) within the H2020 Framework Program. JB acknowledges support by Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia through national funds (UID/FIS/04434/2013) and Investigador FCT contract IF/01654/2014/CP1215/CT0003, and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672). The authors acknowledge the Euclid Consortium, the European Space Agency and the support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid. A detailed complete list is available on the Euclid web site (http://www. euclid-ec.org). In particular the Academy of Finland, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, the Deutsches Zentrum f?r Luft- and Raumfahrt, the Danish Space Research Institute, the Funda??o para a Ci?nca e a Tecnologia, the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norvegian Space Center, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Offce (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency. This work was supported by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales and the European Community through the grant DEDALE (contract no. 665044) within the H2020 Framework Program. JB acknowledges support by Fundação para a Ciên-cia e a Tecnologia through national funds (UID/FIS/04434/2013) and Investi-gador FCT contract IF/01654/2014/CP1215/CT0003, and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672). The authors acknowledge the Euclid Consortium, the European Space Agency and the support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid. A detailed complete list is available on the Euclid web site (http://www. euclid-ec.org). In particular the Academy of Finland, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-and Raumfahrt, the Danish Space Research Institute, the Fundação para a Ciênca e a Tecnolo-gia, the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norvegian Space Center, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Office (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency.
Published: 2020

28. The Lake Chad hydrology under current climate change

Author: Frédéric Frappart, Florence Sylvestre, Binh Pham-Duc, Camille Bouchez, Jean-François Crétaux, Fabrice Papa, Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales - Direction Des Lanceurs. (CNES), University of Brasilia [Brazil] (UnB), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Adelphi (Berlin), Federal Foreign Office of Germany, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD, France), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the TOSCA project, Adelphi, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, Water supply, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Hydrology (agriculture), Tributary, Precipitation, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, lcsh:R, Water storage, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Environmental sciences, Geography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, business, Surface water
Abstract: Lake Chad, in the Sahelian zone of west-central Africa, provides food and water to ~50 million people and supports unique ecosystems and biodiversity. In the past decades, it became a symbol of current climate change, held up by its dramatic shrinkage in the 1980s. Despites a partial recovery in response to increased Sahelian precipitation in the 1990s, Lake Chad is still facing major threats and its contemporary variability under climate change remains highly uncertain. Here, using a new multi-satellite approach, we show that Lake Chad extent has remained stable during the last two decades, despite a slight decrease of its northern pool. Moreover, since the 2000s, groundwater, which contributes to ~70% of Lake Chad’s annual water storage change, is increasing due to water supply provided by its two main tributaries. Our results indicate that in tandem with groundwater and tropical origin of water supply, over the last two decades, Lake Chad is not shrinking and recovers seasonally its surface water extent and volume. This study provides a robust regional understanding of current hydrology and changes in the Lake Chad region, giving a basis for developing future climate adaptation strategies.
Published: 2020

29. Propargylimine in the laboratory and in space: Millimetre-wave spectroscopy and its first detection in the ISM

Author: Sergio Martín, Jesús Martín-Pintado, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Victor M. Rivilla, Barbara M. Giuliano, Luca Bizzocchi, Shaoshan Zeng, Andrea Pietropolli-Charmet, Paola Caselli, D. Prudenzano, M. A. Requena-Torres, Fernando Rico-Villas, Izaskun Jiménez-Serra, Bizzocchi L., Prudenzano D., Rivilla V.M., Pietropolli-Charmet A., Giuliano B.M., Caselli P., Martin-Pintado J., Jimenez-Serra I., Martin S., Requena-Torres M.A., Rico-Villas F., Zeng S., Guillemin J.-C., Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO), European Southern Observatory (ESO)-National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Towson University [Towson, MD, United States], University of Maryland System, RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), University Ca Foscari Venezia, CINECACINECA, Italy [HP10C2QE6F], European Union European Union (EU) [664931], Spanish FEDER [ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R], State Research Agency (AEI) Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu-Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC) [MDM-2017-0737], program Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (INSU-CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, PHC Procope (CAMPUS France) [42516WC], DAADDeutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) [57445281], RIKEN, European Project: 664931,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2014,AstroFIt2(2015), Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Rico Villas, F. [0000-0002-5351-3497], Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), European Research Council (ERC), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CINECA, European Commission (EU), Spanish FEDER, PHC Procope (CAMPUS France), Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), and Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC
Subjects: Methods: laboratory: molecular, laboratory: molecular [Methods], ISM: clouds, ISM: molecules, Methods: observational, Molecular data, Techniques: spectroscopic, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, ISM: molecule, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, spectroscopic [Techniques], Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, ISM: cloud, Distortion, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, observational [Methods], Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, molecules [ISM], Settore CHIM/02 - Chimica Fisica, Physics, 010304 chemical physics, Spectrometer, Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Interstellar medium, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Atomic physics, clouds [ISM]
Abstract: Context. Small imines containing up to three carbon atoms are present in the interstellar medium (ISM). As alkynyl compounds are abundant in this medium, propargylimine (2-propyn-1-imine, HC C-CH =NH) thus represents a promising candidate for a new interstellar detection. Aims. The goal of the present work is to perform a comprehensive laboratory investigation of the rotational spectrum of propargylimine in its ground vibrational state in order to obtain a highly precise set of rest frequencies and to search for it in space. Methods. The rotational spectra of E and Z geometrical isomers of propargylimine have been recorded in the laboratory in the 83-500 GHz frequency interval. The measurements have been performed using a source-modulation millimetre-wave spectrometer equipped with a pyrolysis system for the production of unstable species. High-level ab initio calculations were performed to assist the analysis and to obtain reliable estimates for an extended set of spectroscopic quantities. We searched for propargylimine at 3 mm and 2 mm in the spectral survey of the quiescent giant molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027 located in the central molecular zone, close to the Galactic centre. Results. About 1000 rotational transitions have been recorded for the E-and Z-propargylimine, in the laboratory. These new data have enabled the determination of a very accurate set of spectroscopic parameters including rotational, quartic, and sextic centrifugal distortion constants. The improved spectral data allowed us to perform a successful search for this new imine in the G+0.693-0.027 molecular cloud. Eighteen lines of Z-propargylimine were detected at level >2.5σ, resulting in a column-density estimate of N = (0.24 ± 0.02) × 1014 cm-2. An upper limit was retrieved for the higher energy E isomer, which was not detected in the data. The fractional abundance (with respect to H2) derived for Z-propargylimine is 1.8 × 10-10. We discuss the possible formation routes by comparing the derived abundance with those measured in the source for possible chemical precursors., With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)
Published: 2020

30. Multidisciplinary analysis of the Hapi region located on Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author: Wing-Huen Ip, Philippe Lamy, Carsten Güttler, F. La Forgia, Nilda Oklay, R. Rodrigo, Z. Y. Lin, Dennis Bodewits, Stefano Debei, V. Da Deppo, H. U. Keller, Luca Penasa, Jakob Deller, Maurizio Pajola, Alice Lucchetti, Gabriele Cremonese, Giampiero Naletto, Sonia Fornasier, Detlef Koschny, Marco Fulle, P. J. Gutierrez, M. De Cecco, Holger Sierks, J. J. Lopez Moreno, Francesco Marzari, J.-C. Lee, Matteo Massironi, F. Preusker, Ivano Bertini, Stubbe F. Hviid, Sabrina Ferrari, Imre Tóth, Jessica Agarwal, Pamela Cambianica, Xian Shi, Frank Scholten, Lorenza Giacomini, Jean-Loup Bertaux, M. A. Barucci, Stefano Mottola, Luisa Lara, Björn Davidsson, M. R. El Maarry, Clement Feller, Cecilia Tubiana, Monica Lazzarin, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Taoyuan City], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Padova], Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova-Universita degli Studi di Padova, University of Trento [Trento], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique [Bruxelles] (IAA), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Board, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Pajola, M. [0000-0002-3144-1277], Penasa, L. [0000-0002-6394-3108], Fornasier, S. [0000-0001-7678-3310], Lucchetti, A. [0000-0001-7413-3058], Vicent, J. B. [0000-0001-6575-3079], Naletto, G. [0000-0003-2007-3138], Barucci, M. A. [0000-0002-1345-0890], Bertaux, J. L. [0000-0003-0333-229X], Deller, J. [0000-0001-8341-007X], Fulle, M. [0000-0001-8435-5287], Güttler, C. [0000-0003-4277-1738], Tubiana, C. [0000-0001-8475-9898], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), and Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
Subjects: Asteroiden und Kometen, statistical [Methods], Comet, individual (67P C-G) [Comets], Comets: individual (67P C-G), Methods: data analysis, Methods: statistical, 01 natural sciences, Methods statistical, Gravitational potential, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Southern Hemisphere, Physics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Multidisciplinary analysis, Planetengeodäsie, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Comets Rosetta Hapi, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis –methods: statistical – comets: individual (67P C-G), Space and Planetary Science, Ridge, individual: 67P C-G [Comets], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: By using the Rosetta/OSIRIS-NAC data set taken in 2014 August, we focus on the neck region, called Hapi, located on 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko's Northern hemisphere. The gravitational potential and slopes of Hapi, coupled with the geological unit identification and the boulder size-frequency distributions, support the interpretation that both taluses and gravitational accumulation deposits observable on Hapi are the result of multiple cliff collapses that occurred at different times. By contrast, the fine-particle deposits observable in the central part of the study area are made of aggregates coming from the Southern hemisphere and deposited during each perihelion passage. Both the consolidated terrains on the western part of Hapi, as well as the centrally aligned ridge made of boulder-like features, suggest that Hapi is in structural continuity with the onion-like structure of the main lobe of 67P. Despite the dusty blanket observable on Hapi, its terrains are characterized by water-ice-rich components that, once repeatedly and rapidly illuminated, sublimate, hence resulting in the strong jet activity observed in 2014 August.© 2019 The Author(s)., The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), Italy (ASI), France (CNES), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged.
Published: 2019

31. Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of Criegee intermediates: The conformational behaviour of butyraldehyde oxide

Author: Yasuki Endo, Carlos Cabezas, Jean-Claude Guillemin, National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), MOST 105-2811-M-009-026, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, Methyl ethyl ketones, Pulsed electric discharges, Oxide, General Physics and Astronomy, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Isomers, chemistry.chemical_compound, Criegee intermediate, 0103 physical sciences, Structural isomer, Criegee intermediates, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Butyraldehyde, Conformational isomerism, Transient species, Ozonolysis, 010304 chemical physics, Ketones, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Microwave spectroscopy, Isobutyraldehyde, N-butyraldehyde, Rotational spectroscopy, Electric discharges, Gases, Structural isomers
Abstract: Four conformers of the n-propyl-substituted Criegee intermediate, CH CH CH CHOO, also named n-butyraldehyde oxide, have been observed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The transient species was produced using a pulsed electric discharge of a gas mixture of 1,1-diiodobutane/O diluted in Ar or Ne. The observation of only syn species is in contrast to the results of other previous studies of alkyl-substituted Criegee intermediates, in particular, those for the structural isomers, isobutyraldehyde oxide ((CH ) CHCHOO), and methyl-ethyl-ketone oxide (C H C(CH )OO), for which syn and anti species have been observed coexisting in the gas phase., This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under Grant Nos MOST 104-2113-M-009-020 (Y.E.) and MOST 105-2811-M-009-026 and MOST 105- 2811-M-009-026 (C.C.). J.-C.G. thanks the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and the Program PCMI (INSU-CNRS) for financial support.
Published: 2019

32. Origin band of the first photoionizing transition of hydrogen isocyanide

Author: Alfredo Aguado, Séverine Boyé-Péronne, Bérenger Gans, Stephen T. Pratt, Octavio Roncero, Gustavo A. Garcia, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Jean-Christophe Loison, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Department of Energy (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Gans, B. [0000-0001-9658-2436], Boyé-Péronne, S. [0000-0003-0579-9571], Guillemin, Jean-Claude [0000-0002-2929-057X], Aguado, Alfredo [0000-0002-4270-1046], Roncero, Octavio [0000-0002-8871-4846], Loison, Jean-Christophe [0000-0001-8063-8685], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-12-BS08-0020-02, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, FP/2007-2013, Seventh Framework Programme, 610256, European Research Council, DE-AC02-06CH11357, Basic Energy Sciences, ANR-12-BS08-0020,SynchroKin,Mise en place d'une technique expérimentale pour la mesure de données cinétiques et mécanistiques utilisant la radiation synchrotron SOLEIL(2012), European Project: 610256,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,NANOCOSMOS(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gans, B., Boyé-Péronne, S., Guillemin, Jean-Claude, Aguado, Alfredo, Roncero, Octavio, and Loison, Jean-Christophe
Subjects: Materials science, Photoemission spectroscopy, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Photoionization, Photon energy, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Hydrogen isocyanide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Potential energy, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Ionization energy, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state
Abstract: 8 pags., 5 figs., 4 tabs., The photoelectron spectrum of the XΣ → XΣ ionizing transition of hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) is measured for the first time at a fixed photon energy (13 eV). The assignment of the spectrum is supported by wave-packet calculations simulating the photoionization transition spectrum and using ab initio calculations of the potential energy surfaces for the three lowest electronic states of the cation. The photoelectron spectrum allows the retrieval of the fundamental of the CN stretching mode of the cationic ground state ( = 2260 ± 80 cm) and the adiabatic ionization energy of hydrogen isocyanide: IE(HNC) = 12.011 ± 0.010 eV, which is far below that of HCN (IE(HCN) = 13.607 eV). In light of this latter result, the thermodynamics of the HCN/HNC isomers is discussed and a short summary of the values available in the literature is given., This work received financial support from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under Grant No. ANR-12-BS08-0020-02 (project SYNCHROKIN) and the CNRS program “Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire” (PCMI) co-funded by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). A. A. and O. R. acknowledge support by the Ministerio de Economía e Innovación under grants No. FIS2014-52172-C2 and FIS2017-83473-C2 and from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 610256 (NANOCOSMOS). Work by S. T. P. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences respectively under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. J.-C. G. thanks the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for financial support.
Published: 2019

33. A Comprehensive Spectral Rotational Analysis of the Interstellar Methyl Isocyanate CH3NCO

Author: Zbigniew Kisiel, Ivan R. Medvedev, Manfred Winnewisser, JoséL. Alonso, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Elena R. Alonso, Lucie Kolesniková, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Wright State University, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovacionInstituto de Salud Carlos IIISpanish Government [CSD2009-00038, CTQ2013-40717-P, CTQ2016-76393-P, BES-2014-067776], Junta de Castilla y LeonJunta de Castilla y Leon [VA077U16], European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC-2013-SyG [610256], Program PCMI (INSU-CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, Czech Science Foundation (GACR)Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [19-25116Y], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Laboratory astrophysics, Spectral line lists, Experimental techniques, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Interstellar molecules, Molecular spectroscopy, Methyl isocyanate, Interstellar medium, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, High resolution spectroscopy, Physical chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is a recently identified interstellar molecule giving rise to many detected lines. Interestingly, its delayed identification was due not to weak lines but to a very complex rotational spectrum. To date, the only published laboratory transitions for this molecule are those between rotational energy levels with K
Published: 2019

34. Assessment of Optimal Transport for Operational Land-Cover Mapping Using High-Resolution Satellite Images Time Series without Reference Data of the Mapping Period

Author: Benjamin Tardy, Julien Michel, Jordi Inglada, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, region Occitanie : 2442, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Random Forests, Majority rule, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Science, satellite image time series, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Reference data (financial markets), 0211 other engineering and technologies, Classification Fusion, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, 01 natural sciences, Image (mathematics), land-cover, Domain Adaptation, Optimal Transport, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Series (mathematics), Contrast (statistics), Random forest, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Satellite Image Time Series, Algorithm
Abstract: International audience; Land-cover map production using remote-sensing imagery is governed by data availability. In our case, data sources are two-fold: on one hand, optical data provided regularly by satellites such as Sentinel-2, and on the other hand, reference data which allow calibrating mapping methods or validating the results. The lengthy delays due to reference data collection and cleansing are one of the main issues for applications. In this work, the use of Optimal Transport (OT) is proposed. OT is a Domain Adaptation method that uses past data, both images and reference data, to produce the land-cover map of the current period without updated reference data. Seven years of Formosat-2 image time series and the corresponding reference data are used to evaluate two OT algorithms: conventional EMD transport and regularized transport based on the Sinkhorn distance. The contribution of OT to a classification fusion strategy is also evaluated. The results show that with a 17-class nomenclature the problem is too complex for the Sinkhorn algorithm, which provides maps with an Overall Accuracy (OA) of 30%. In contrast, with the EMD algorithm, an OA close to 70% is obtained. One limitation of OT is the number of classes that can be considered at the same time. Simplification schemes are proposed to reduce the number of classes to be transported. Cases of improvement are shown when the problem is simplified, with an improvement in OA varying from 5% and 20%, producing maps with an OA near 79%. As several years are available, the OT approaches are compared to standard fusion schemes, like majority voting. The gain in voting strategies with OT use is lower than the gain obtained with standard majority voting (around 5%).
Published: 2019

35. Alkaline and alkaline-earth cyanoacetylides: A combined theoretical and rotational spectroscopic investigation

Author: José L. Alonso, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Carmen Barrientos, Antonio Largo, José Cernicharo, Carlos Cabezas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC-2013-SyG [610256 NANOCOSMOS], Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain [CTQ 2013-40717-P, CTQ 2013-76393-P, AYA2017-87515-P], Junta de Castilla y Leon [VA175U13, VA010G18, VA077U13], Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Program PCMI (INSU-CNRS), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain (Consolider-Ingenio 2010) [CSD2009-00038], European Project: 610256,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,NANOCOSMOS(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Castilla y León, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
Subjects: Materials science, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Gas phase, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, 2301.13 Espectroscopia de Microondas, Isomerism, 0103 physical sciences, Ablación láser, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Transición hiperfina, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Hyperfine structure, Isomería, Alkaline earth metal, Laser ablation, 010304 chemical physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Fourier transform, Superficies de energía potencial, 13. Climate action, Potential energy surfaces, symbols, Fase gaseosa, Molecular beam, Microwave
Abstract: Producción Científica, The metallic cyanoacetylides LiC3N, NaC3N, MgC3N, and CaC3N have been investigated by combined spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations. The theoretical calculations predict for the four species that the linear isomer with the formula MCCCN (M = Li, Na, Mg, and Ca) is the most stable one. We used laser ablation molecular beam Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy to synthesize these species by the reaction of metal vapors, produced by laser ablation, and 3-bromo-2-propynenitrile (BrCCCN). Pure rotational spectra were observed by FTMW spectroscopy in the 2–18 GHz frequency region only for LiCCCN and NaCCCN, while no spectral signatures for MgCCCN and CaCCCN could be detected. Finally, we have searched for LiCCCN and NaCCCN species toward the carbon-rich evolved star IRC +10 216, but only upper limits to their abundances have been obtained., Consejo Europeo de Investigación a través del VII Programa Marco de Investigación y Desarrollo (grant 610256 NANOCOSMOS), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grants CTQ 2013-40717-P / CTQ 2013-76393-P / AYA2017-87515-P / Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00038), Junta de Castilla y León (grants VA175U13 / VA010G18 / VA077U13)
Published: 2019

36. Quantitative analysis of isolated boulder fields on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: Philippe Lamy, G. Cremonese, W.-H. Ip, Pamela Cambianica, Marco Fulle, Sabrina Ferrari, Dennis Bodewits, Matteo Massironi, Alice Lucchetti, Frank Scholten, Jean-Loup Bertaux, P. J. Gutierrez, F. La Forgia, Björn Davidsson, Francesco Marzari, Carsten Güttler, Z. Y. Lin, Jakob Deller, Cecilia Tubiana, Ivano Bertini, Detlef Koschny, M. De Cecco, Monica Lazzarin, M. A. Barucci, Holger Sierks, Emanuele Simioni, H. U. Keller, S. Fornasier, R. Rodrigo, Stefano Debei, L. M. Lara, V. Da Deppo, Xian Shi, Stefano Mottola, J.-B. Vincent, Giampiero Naletto, Luca Penasa, Maurizio Pajola, Imre Tóth, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, Cambianica, P. [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-4915], European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Department of Physics [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), and Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig]
Subjects: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comets, Data analysis, General, Individual, Methods, Population, Comet, Narrow angle, Geometry, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Fractal, individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], Power index, 0103 physical sciences, education, data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, education.field_of_study, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], general [Comets], Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis, Comets: general, Space and Planetary Science, Spatial ecology, comets: general – comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko – methods: data analysis, Sublimation (phase transition), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: We provide a detailed quantitative analysis of isolated boulder fields situated in three different regions of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Imhotep, Hapi, and Hatmehit. This is done to supply a useful method for analyzing the morphology of the boulders and to characterize the regions themselves. Methods. We used OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera images with a spatial scale smaller than 2 mpx(-1) and analyzed the size-frequency distribution and the cumulative fractional area per boulder population. In addition, we correlated shape parameters, such as circularity and solidity, with both the spatial and the size-frequency distribution of the three populations. Results. We identified 11 811 boulders in the Imhotep, Hapi, and Hatmehit regions. We found that the Hatmehit and Imhotep areas show power indices in the range of -2.3/-2.7. These values could represent a transition between gravitational events caused by thermal weathering and sublimation, and material formed during collapses that has undergone sublimation. The Hapi area is characterized by a lower power index (-1.2/-1.7), suggesting that those boulders have a different origin. They can be the result of material formed during gravitational events and collapses that has undergone continuous fragmentation. We calculated the cumulative fractional area (CFA) in order to investigate how the area is covered by boulders as a function of their sizes. The Hatmehit and Imhotep regions show a CFA that is well fit by a power law. In contrast, the Hapi area does not show the same trend. We analyzed the fractal distributions, finding that the populations seem to be fractal at all dimensions, except for the Hapi distribution, which shows a possible fractal behavior for small dimensions only. Finally, the average values of the shape parameters reveal solid and roundish boulders in all populations we studied.© ESO 2019, OSIRIS was built by a consortium of the Max-Planck Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, in Guttingen, Germany, CISAS University of Padova, Italy, the Laboratoire de Astrophysique de Marseille, France, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain, the Research and Scientific Support Department of the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain, the Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, Spain, the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Uppsala University, Sweden, and the Institut fur Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the ESA teams at ESAC, ESOC and ESTEC for their work in support of the Rosetta mission. We made use of Arcgis 10.3.1 software together with the Matlab, Java, and ImageJ software to perform our analysis. I thank Frederic Moisy for sharing the box-count work.
Published: 2019

37. The Laboratory Millimeter and Submillimeter Rotational Spectrum of Lactaldehyde and an Astronomical Search in Sgr B2(N), Orion-KL, and NGC 6334I

Author: Lucie Kolesniková, Elena R. Alonso, Iker León, Brett A. McGuire, Crystal L. Brogan, José L. Alonso, Jean-Claude Guillemin, P. Brandon Carroll, Todd R. Hunter, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), European Research Council under the European UnionEuropean Research Council (ERC) [610256 NANOCOSMOS], Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovacionMinistry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) [CTQ201340717-P, CTQ2016-76393-P, BES-2014-067776], Junta de Castilla y LeonJunta de Castilla y Leon [VA175U13, VA077U16], NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF2-51396], NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAS5-26555], Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, French Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire, Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Astrochemistry, astrochemistry, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, ISM molecules, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Rotational spectrum, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Millimeter, Lactaldehyde, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; We present a laboratory rotational study of, and astronomical search for, lactaldehyde (CH3CH(OH)CH(O)), one of the simplest chiral molecules that could reasonably be seen in the interstellar medium (ISM), in the millimeter and submillimeter wave regions from 80 to 460 GHz. More than 5000 transitions were assigned to the most stable conformer, and a set of spectroscopic constants was accurately determined. Lactaldehyde is involved in numerous metabolic pathways used by life on Earth, and is a logical step up in complexity from glycolaldehyde (CH(O)CH2OH) which is being detected with increasing regularity in the ISM. We present an accompanying radio astronomical search for lactaldehyde in three high-mass star-forming regions (NGC 6334I, Sgr B2(N), and Orion-KL) as well as in the publicly available data from the ASAI Large Project. Neither molecule is detected in these sources, and we report corresponding upper limits to the column densities. We discuss the potential utility of lactaldehyde in combination with other members of the [C-3,H-6,O-2] isomeric family in probing pathways of chemical evolution in the ISM.
Published: 2019

38. Rotational spectroscopic study and astronomical search for propiolamide in Sgr B2(N)

Author: Elena R. Alonso, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Arnaud Belloche, Karl M. Menten, S. Mata, Robin T. Garrod, A. Jabri, Iker León, José L. Alonso, Holger S. P. Müller, Lucie Kolesniková, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Czech Science Foundation, Junta de Castilla y León, European Research Council, European Commission, Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), University of Virginia, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, The funding from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTQ2016-76393-P and PID2019-111396GB-I00), Czech Science Foundation (GACR, grant 19-25116Y), Junta de Castilla y León (Grants VA077U16 and VA244P20), and European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme ERC-2013-SyG, Grant Agreement n. 610256 NANOCOSMOS are gratefully acknowledged. E.R.A. thanks Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia (FBB) for a postdoctoral contract. J.C.G. thanks the program Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (INSU-CNRS) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Part of this work has been carried out within the Collaborative Research Centre 956, sub-project B3, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) – project ID 184018867. R.T.G. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (grant No. AST 19-06489)., European Project: 610256,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,NANOCOSMOS(2014), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Universität zu Köln
Subjects: Astrochemistry, Line: identification, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Submillimeter Array, Article, Spectral line, Astronomical databases: miscellaneous, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Cyanoacetylene, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Hyperfine structure, Physics, 010304 chemical physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM: molecules, Sagittarius B2 – astronomical databases, Molecules – line, Individual objects, Miscellaneous, 3. Good health, chemistry, Astrochemistry – ISM, Identification – ISM, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Excited state, Rotational spectroscopy, Astro-ph.GA, ISM: individual objects: Sagittarius B2
Abstract: For all the amides detected in the interstellar medium (ISM), the corresponding nitriles or isonitriles have also been detected in the ISM, some of which have relatively high abundances. Among the abundant nitriles for which the corresponding amide has not yet been detected is cyanoacetylene (HCCCN), whose amide counterpart is propiolamide (HCCC(O)NH2)., The funding from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTQ2016-76393-P and PID2019-111396GB-I00), Czech Science Foundation (GACR, grant 19-25116Y), Junta de Castilla y León (Grants VA077U16 and VA244P20), and European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme ERC-2013-SyG, Grant Agreement n. 610256 NANOCOSMOS are gratefully acknowledged. E.R.A. thanks Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia (FBB) for a postdoctoral contract. J.C.G. thanks the program Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (INSU-CNRS) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES).
Published: 2021

39. Millimeter wave spectroscopy of cyanoketene (NC–CH=C=O) and an observational search in the ISM

Author: Roman A. Motiyenko, Anthony J. Remijan, Crystal L. Brogan, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Todd R. Hunter, Laurent Margulès, Brett A. McGuire, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Moléculaire aux Interfaces (PMI), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Charlottesville] (NRAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), CNESCentre National D'etudes Spatiales, CNRS program 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI), NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF2-51396], NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAS526555], Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: molecular data, Extrapolation, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, ISM molecules, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, submillimeter ISM, Quantum number, methods laboratory molecular, Interstellar medium, Dipole, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, line identification, Atomic physics, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
Abstract: Context. Ketene was detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) in 1977. Until now, only one derivative, the ketenyl radical, has been observed in this medium. Due to its large dipole moment value, cynaoketene is one of the best candidates for possible ketene derivative detection. Aims. To date, the measurements of the rotational spectra have been limited to 60 GHz. The extrapolation of the prediction in the millimeter wave domain is inaccurate and does not permit an unambiguous detection. Methods. The rotational spectra were re-investigated up to 330 GHz. Using the new prediction cyanoketene was sought after in a variety of astronomical sources: NGS 63341, SgrB2(N), and ASAI sources. Results. A total of 1594 transitions were newly assigned and fitted together with those from previous studies, reaching quantum numbers up to J = 82 and Ka = 24. Watson’s asymmetric top Hamiltonian in the Ir representation was used for the analysis; both reductions A and S were tested. Logically, the S reduction gave the best results confirming that the molecule is very close to the prolate limit. Cynaoketene was not found in ISM; upper limits to the column density were derived in each source.
Published: 2020

40. Submillimeter-wave spectroscopy of and interstellar search for thioacetaldehyde

Author: O. Dorovskaya, Anthony J. Remijan, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Eugene A. Alekseev, Roman A. Motiyenko, Brett A. McGuire, Vadim V. Ilyushin, Laurent Margulès, Arnaud Belloche, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Moléculaire aux Interfaces (PMI), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Kharkov National University, National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire', (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP, CNES Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales, NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF2-51396], NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAS5-26555], Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, Volkswagen foundation Volkswagen, Science and Technology Center in the Ukraine [P686], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) German Research Foundation (DFG) [184018867, 956], CEA French Atomic Energy Commission, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrophysics, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Submillimeter Array, Spectral line, Radio telescope, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, ISM, Thioacetaldehyde, Physics, Microwave spectrum, 010304 chemical physics, Spectrometer, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Wavelength, 13. Climate action, torsional large amplitude motion, Excited state, Millimeter, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; We present a new study of the millimeter and submillimeter wave spectra of the thioacetaldehyde molecule, CH3CHS, a sulfur-bearing analog of the ubiquitous interstellar molecule acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). Here, we present a laboratory investigation aimed at determining accurate spectroscopic parameters for CH3CHS to enable astronomical searches for this molecule using radio telescopes at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. New laboratory measurements have been carried out between 150 and 660 GHz using the spectrometer of PhLAM in Lille (France). Rotational transitions up to J = 60 were assigned in the ground, first, and second excited torsional states of thioacetaldehyde and fit using the RAM Hamiltonian model. The final fit includes 62 parameters to give an overall weighted root-mean-square deviation of 0.9. On the basis of our spectroscopic results, CH3CHS was searched for, but not detected, in data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) between 84 GHz and 114 GHz toward the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N2). The non-detection implies that thioacetaldehyde is at least 90 times less abundant than acetaldehyde in this source. We also searched for but found no evidence of thioacetaldehyde in a number of prestellar and protostellar sources targeted by the Astrochemical Surveys at IRAM (ASAI) Large Program in nearby low-mass star forming regions.
Published: 2020

41. Sunglint images of current gradients at high resolution: Critical angle and directional observing strategy

Author: Francisco J. Ocampo-Torres, Bertrand Chapron, Frederic Nouguier, Nicolas Rascle, Université de Brest (UBO), LabexMER [ANR-10-LABX-19-01], CIGOM (Consorcio de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico), CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) of the ANR (French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche) through the REDHOTS project, CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) of the ESA (European Space Agency) through the STSE MESO3D project, GlobCurrent project, and SARONG project
Subjects: Brightness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Surfactants, Submesoscale turbulence, Surface slope distribution, Soil Science, Sunglint, Wave-current interaction, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Computers in Earth Sciences, Zenith, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Sun glint imagery, Total internal reflection, 010505 oceanography, Geology, Internal wave, Multi-angle radiometers, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Azimuth, Surface current gradients, SAR images, Surface wave, Sea surface roughness, Mean square slope, Crosswind
Abstract: High-resolution satellite images of the ocean surface in and around the sunglint often provide unique observations of sub-mesoscale upper ocean surface processes. Local anomalies of wind, waves, currents or surfactants appear on the images as local anomalies of brightness. A quantitative interpretation of those brightness anomalies must relate them to slope properties of the wave field, which are to the lowest order described by the mean square slope (mss). The prevailing paradigm for such interpretation is that of the critical zenith angle. It states that, for sub-critical zenith view angle, brightness and mss anomalies have opposite signs, and this defines the so-called inversion region. This prevailing paradigm implicitly builds on the assumption that the mss decomposition between upwind and crosswind components is conserved. The mss anomalies are then isotropic and can be reduced to a scalar (i.e. one-dimensional) quantity. In such a case, one single sunglint image would be sufficient to retrieve the mss anomaly. This isotropic case likely applies for surface wave changes induced by varying wind speed or by surfactants. Yet, satellite and airborne observations at multiple view angles recently revealed anisotropic mss anomalies, e.g. with mss increase in the upwind direction and decrease in the crosswind direction. This anisotropic behavior likely characterizes wave modulations by anisotropic surface current gradients. This paper details the expected properties of such anisotropic mss modulations. It is shown that: 1) The classical concept of critical angle does not systematically hold, neither for frontal current shear nor for internal wave divergence. 2) At least two sunglint images at different zenith and azimuth angles are needed to retrieve the mss anomalies, and a single observation is not sufficient. 3) A satellite with radiometers looking at multiple zenith angles is capable of providing a geometry favorable to retrieve mss anomalies. An illustration is discussed with internal waves observed by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), where the upwind and crosswind components of the retrieved mss anomalies are anisotropic. Those results provide guidelines to interpret available observations and to help refine strategy for future satellite missions.
Published: 2018

42. Search for Tensor, Vector, and Scalar Polarizations in the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background

Author: T. A. Callister, N. Kijbunchoo, G. Kang, C. C. Yancey, C. A. Costa, A. Dasgupta, M. C. Milovich-Goff, I. Belahcene, Jade Powell, V. Mangano, P. Schale, J. L. Wright, P. T.H. Pang, Francesco Pannarale, R. Flaminio, J.-P. Coulon, Yi-Ming Hu, C. Aulbert, A. Rocchi, A. E. Pace, Sumanta Tewari, C. Cocchieri, Alejandro Torres-Forné, B. Goncharov, R. Birney, Lloyd Paul Aiello, B. C. Pant, M. Afrough, R. A. Mercer, F. Jiménez-Forteza, Sourav Ghosh, Imre Bartos, W. H. Wang, Odylio D. Aguiar, J. E. Lord, E. J. Daw, Maurizio Canepa, M. Punturo, J. Neilson, Alex B. Nielsen, V. Quetschke, G. M. Guidi, G. Kuehn, S. Privitera, Antonio Marquina, Paolo Addesso, K. D. Giardina, D. Tuyenbayev, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, M. Agathos, Martin M. Fejer, J. R. Smith, S. Ghonge, K. AultONeal, C. S. Unnikrishnan, W. Katzman, R. Douglas, F. J. Raab, V. Kondrashov, N. Mukund, L. R. Cominsky, J. K. Wofford, M. A. Page, S. Khan, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, T. Z. Summerscales, V. Boschi, R. J. G. Jonker, Jay D. Tasson, M. Landry, L. Sammut, M. Factourovich, J. S. Lange, Patricia Schmidt, A. Avila-Alvarez, V. Brisson, J. C. Driggers, L. Di Fiore, B. Mours, C. Austin, A. Schönbeck, B. Rajbhandari, Daniel Wysocki, M. Barsuglia, Yuri Levin, G. Greco, L. van der Schaaf, S. A. Pai, D. Moraru, Antoine Heidmann, D. Töyrä, R. Gustafson, G. Rutins, P. J. Sutton, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, G. Valdes, A. Samajdar, Steven D. Penn, Jacob Scheuer, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Giuseppe Intini, Hyang Woon Lee, Robert Stone, D. Steinmeyer, E. G. Thomas, A. Basti, Ryan N. Lang, Jens Birch, E. A. Chase, D. Tao, P. A. Altin, Alvin J. K. Chua, D. Barker, B. Sassolas, Tristan Briant, L. Sun, H. Fong, O. Sauter, E. J. King, M. Muratore, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Z. Du, P. Aufmuth, R. Bhandare, M. Gosselin, A. Allocca, Xing-Jiang Zhu, S. Antier, M. Dovale Álvarez, S. E. Strigin, M. Kasprzack, Michael L. Gorodetsky, J.-P. Zendri, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Daniel A. Shaddock, David Keitel, J. H. Romie, M. Drago, J. Meidam, Guenakh Mitselmakher, L. Wallace, Z. Frei, S. J. Cooper, J.-D. Fournier, S. Dhurandhar, Samuele Cortese, K. K.Y. Ng, A. Pal-Singh, Jong H. Chow, J. Liu, D. M. Macleod, Charalampos Markakis, S. T. Countryman, K. A. Thorne, Ryan Lynch, Brittany Kamai, Y. Bouffanais, Y. Q. Ma, B. A. Boom, L. Cunningham, A. Lartaux-Vollard, Suvadeep Bose, Vuk Mandic, R. A. Eisenstein, B. J. J. Slagmolen, R. Gouaty, Steven Bloemen, F. Frasconi, Jonathan R. Gair, Roman Schnabel, A. Lenon, B. R. Hall, C. Horst, G. D. Meadors, J. E. Brau, A. A. van Veggel, Andrew Matas, A. Pasqualetti, Surabhi Sachdev, Christopher J. Moore, J. Zweizig, K. Napier, Guido Mueller, Hang Yu, S. Doravari, Hsiao-Wen Chen, Maher Yazback, M. Pedraza, Patrick Brady, J. S. Areeda, T. Theeg, H. S. Cho, Efim A. Khazanov, G. Ballardin, Moritz Mehmet, S. J. Kapadia, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, R. Quitzow-James, R. M. S. Schofield, G. Cerretani, S. Biscoveanu, R. Sturani, Innocenzo M. Pinto, B. R. Iyer, M. Zanolin, Lee McCuller, Serena Vinciguerra, N. Mazumder, R. Pedurand, Benno Willke, P. Ehrens, J. Hennig, O. J. Piccinni, Antoni Ramos-Buades, A. Singhal, T. D. Abbott, O. Puncken, Zoheyr Doctor, A. W. Heptonstall, V. Gayathri, L. M. Perri, H. A. G. Gabbard, Alberto Vecchio, F. Martelli, T. Zelenova, M. Bawaj, Riccardo Bassiri, Magnus Manske, Will M. Farr, M. Montani, P. Weßels, A. Królak, Rana X. Adhikari, B. Pang, Simon Stevenson, Nancy Aggarwal, M. Vardaro, J. Ming, S. Koley, N. A. Lockerbie, S. S. Eikenberry, E. A. Muñiz, S. Brunett, B. Machenschalk, S. Walsh, F. Donovan, F. Y. Khalili, D. Sellers, E. Bonilla, G. Bergmann, L. Rei, Sebastian Steinlechner, B. Shapiro, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Archisman Ghosh, E. L. Merilh, R. Kennedy, S. D. Linker, A. Bozzi, Stanislav Babak, M. Tonelli, A. Bisht, S. R. Morriss, Chunglee Kim, Miriam Cabero, E. Coughlin, Alessandra Buonanno, T. Hardwick, M. H. Wimmer, A. Effler, R. Metzdorff, H. Yamamoto, Gabrielle Allen, D. Barta, Soumi De, J.-M. Isac, J. S. Kissel, H. Cao, D. J. Vine, Duncan A. Brown, Tania Regimbau, W. Parker, I. Dave, M. Fletcher, B. Hughey, S. B. Anderson, A. Bohe, Geoffrey Lovelace, P. Hopkins, K. Izumi, B. D. Cheeseboro, C. Graef, Mark A. Scheel, M. Bejger, R. Kirchhoff, B. L. Pearlstone, David B. Tanner, S. C. McGuire, P. G. Murray, Hartmut Grote, T. P. Downes, N. Letendre, Roger Jones, T. Denker, G. Losurdo, A. Noack, V. J. Roma, S. J. Kimbrell, P. T. Baker, F. Travasso, A. P. Spencer, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, Lei Zhang, C. Whittle, S. S. Forsyth, J. A. Clark, A. S. Markosyan, G. Traylor, D. D. Brown, M. Fyffe, David Coward, Anthony A. Amato, N. van Bakel, Zachariah B. Etienne, P. Oppermann, M. J. Yap, Jennifer Watchi, R. Mittleman, P. Fulda, F. Marion, C. F. Da Silva Costa, Andrew Lundgren, S. Xiao, Nelson Christensen, V. Kringel, F. Carbognani, S. A. Usman, Carlos O. Lousto, C. Kent, J. Trinastic, A. Gennai, H. Y. Chia, M. Haney, L. Naticchioni, Piotr Jaranowski, R. Bonnand, D. Talukder, A. Masserot, M. Weinert, Salvatore Vitale, K. Kawabe, M. Constancio, A. R. Williamson, T. Sadecki, W. S. Kim, S. E. Barclay, D. Lumaca, Sascha Husa, K. E. Ramirez, A. S. Sengupta, S. M. Aston, K. Ueno, Michael W. Coughlin, A. L. Urban, M. Laxen, G. Venugopalan, D.B. DeBra, A. Giazotto, M. Tápai, P. Shawhan, M. Ducrot, I. Ferrante, Z. Khan, D. S. Rabeling, M. Di Giovanni, K. E. Gushwa, Ofek Birnholtz, K. Mason, J. Suresh, D. Hoak, M. F. Carney, R. Passaquieti, Neil J. Cornish, D. C. Coyne, V. Sandberg, R. Cavalieri, F. Cavalier, J. Eichholz, B. Weaver, D. Moffa, A. K. W. Chung, Erik Katsavounidis, R. De Pietri, Jocelyn Read, G. P. Newton, Gabriela Gonzalez, S. Gaudio, N. A. Robertson, D. Sentenac, J. A. Sonnenberg, Eric Howell, V. Germain, S. Gomes, R. De Rosa, K. R. Corley, J. M. Newport, S. Mastrogiovanni, R. K. Lanza, Sylvia J. Zhu, Samuel Deléglise, S. C. Tait, Rocco Romano, Rajesh Kumar, A. Fernandez-Galiana, Zifan Zhou, I. A. Bilenko, David J. Ottaway, P. Leaci, A. Colla, S. Leavey, Hai-Ping Cheng, M. Katolik, S. Ossokine, Jinsook Kim, L. K. Nuttall, Xin Chen, R. M. Martin, David A. Nichols, D. Nolting, C. North, Thomas Dent, C. Pankow, B. U. Gadre, Sebastien Biscans, D. H. Reitze, M. S. Shahriar, P. Ruggi, C. V. Kalaghatgi, M. J. Cowart, Michael Zevin, P. Dupej, Sumit Kumar, David Jonathan Hofman, B. Gateley, P. Corban, M. C. Tringali, I. Nardecchia, X. Guo, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, Vladimir Dergachev, R. Macas, P. M. Meyers, Barry C. Barish, G. Billingsley, S. Macfoy, L. Trozzo, Priscilla Canizares, H. Middleton, B. B. Miller, Howard Pan, Aaron Buikema, J. Hanson, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, Paul J. Groot, Samaya Nissanke, F. Fidecaro, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, M. Vasúth, S. Appert, L. Pinard, A. Cirone, Xavier Siemens, C. I. Torrie, Jan Harms, C. Mishra, B. Lantz, M. Favata, John Veitch, J. Lehmann, J. C. Barayoga, James Whelan, Jonathan Blackman, A. Moggi, C. Messick, J. Calderón Bustillo, A. Sergeev, H. N. Isa, M. Leonardi, P. Ajith, Carlos Cepeda, K. Toland, Linqing Wen, S. Grunewald, M. Chan, G. Vedovato, H. Qi, A. Viceré, A. Gopakumar, N. Arnaud, Maggie Tse, Vijay Varma, C. Fee, D. Meacher, M. MacInnis, S. Bae, P. Rapagnani, J. Hanks, E. Coccia, L. Kleybolte, Colm Talbot, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Paul D. Lasky, G. Stratta, Torrey Cullen, K. Siellez, L.-W. Wei, Bernard F. Whiting, Tobias Westphal, S. J. Chamberlin, Riccardo Ciolfi, Yi Chen, Athol J. Kemball, B. W. Schulte, S. Márka, Jesper Munch, Matthew Pitkin, R. K.L. Lo, José A. Font, L. McNeill, Maya Fishbach, A. F. Brooks, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, P. J. Veitch, R. M. Blair, Irene Fiori, K. Venkateswara, G. A. Prodi, Benjamin J. Owen, M. De Laurentis, R. P. Fisher, S. Mitra, C. Messenger, X. Fan, David Jones, E. A. Quintero, M. Granata, J. Devenson, K. S. Karvinen, Marco Cavaglia, J. F. J. van den Brand, Subroto Mukherjee, A. Markowitz, P. Charlton, R. Frey, K. W. K. Wong, P. Brockill, N. Leroy, Shiuh Chao, M. Nery, S. Sunil, M. Tacca, Otto A. Hannuksela, Martin Hendry, Cecilio García-Quirós, Christopher Wipf, M. C. Díaz, K. V. Tokmakov, M. Yvert, E. C. Ferreira, Aniello Grado, B. Bécsy, Kenneth A. Strain, M. Sieniawska, M. Kinley-Hanlon, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Peter R. Saulson, J. Prasad, T. Prestegard, Gregory Ashton, Terry G. McRae, Antonios Kontos, Fabio Marchesoni, P. B. Covas, Kyungmin Kim, Debarati Chatterjee, B. O'Reilly, P. Gruning, G. Pillant, Junwei Cao, J. Warner, L. G. Prokhorov, Olivier Minazzoli, M. Razzano, J. L. Willis, A. Nitz, V. Tiwari, M. J. Szczepańczyk, Fabien Kéfélian, E. Schreiber, F. Robinet, A. Post, Seog Oh, J. H. Hough, P. W. F. Forsyth, G. McIntyre, A. Cumming, F. Di Renzo, G. Mendell, F. Baldaccini, G. Dálya, Karan Jani, E. Goetz, E. Capocasa, Huang-Wei Pan, Gijs Nelemans, Leo Singer, L. F. Ortega, M. J. Hart, F. Nocera, I. Magaña Hernandez, E. D. Hall, T. J. Massinger, Jolien D. E. Creighton, T. Vo, C. De Rossi, Ryan Magee, A. Gupta, T. Shaffer, V. Raymond, J. K. Blackburn, S. Raja, J. W. W. Pratt, E. Chassande-Mottin, M. Korobko, Gregory M. Harry, V. Kalogera, A. K. Zadrożny, Sheila Rowan, M. Pürrer, S. Kwang, S. E. Dwyer, A. Sawadsky, Todd Adams, G. D. Hammond, Harald P. Pfeiffer, D. M. Wilken, M. Fitz-Axen, P. Bacon, Daniel E. Holz, G. Ciani, A. Parida, E. J. Son, A. Sheperd, M. van Beuzekom, M. Rizzo, H. K. Lee, V. Predoi, I. W. Martin, H. J. Bulten, David Cohen, David E. McClelland, B. Patricelli, D. S. Wu, Margaret Millhouse, Rosa Poggiani, L. Glover, S. G. Gaonkar, Haixing Miao, V. Frey, T. Di Girolamo, Karl Gill, S. Farinon, A. Pele, J. J. Bero, O. Bock, G. L. Mansell, K. L. Dooley, S. L. Danilishin, Lisa Barsotti, Arunava Mukherjee, M. Fays, R. Bork, Jing Wang, Y. Minenkov, A. Di Lieto, M. Saleem, C. Vorvick, Nicholas Demos, J. D. Lough, S. Kaufer, Jonathan Cripe, C. Beer, László Á. Gergely, Daichi Tsuna, Kevin M. Ryan, F. Vetrano, Rainer Weiss, F. Ricci, E. A. Houston, J. Westerweck, Y.-M. Kim, K. Mogushi, D. Estevez, Z. Tornasi, T. Etzel, P. J. King, K. H. Lai, Aaron Viets, J. Feicht, Joey Shapiro Key, J. R. Sanders, S. B. Coughlin, J. Betzwieser, John Miller, S. Caride, J. C. Bayley, H. Wittel, S. G. Schwalbe, D. Buskulic, W. W. Johnson, M. Poe, M. Phelps, R. G. Ormiston, C. Affeldt, D. Ugolini, C. Cahillane, R. Taylor, B. Day, A. Corsi, R. T. DeRosa, David Blair, M. Oliver, A. J. Weinstein, E. Cesarini, V. Dolique, A. Chiummo, E. Cuoco, N. Bode, Luca Gammaitoni, J. A. Giaime, B. K. Berger, F. Ohme, P. Clearwater, M. A. Papa, A. S. Bell, M. K. M. Bader, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, A. Brillet, T. Huynh-Dinh, M. Wade, D. J. Stops, P. Kumar, Christopher M. Biwer, S. Frasca, C. Rajan, Kai Staats, S. Meshkov, R. DeSalvo, Stephen Fairhurst, Carl Blair, C. C. Buchanan, A. Hreibi, O. V. Palashov, Sean T. McWilliams, F. Piergiovanni, Chang-Hwan Lee, M. Davier, M. Was, R. Robie, M. M. Hanke, Jordan Camp, P. Popolizio, Koji Arai, K. Lee, Edward K. Porter, H. Vocca, Christopher P. L. Berry, A. D. Silva, A. Grant, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, A. A. Shah, M. Merzougui, L. Matone, A. Staley, Lionel London, S. Jawahar, V. Loriette, L. Conti, A. L. Stuver, Matthew Evans, T. D. Creighton, J. G. Rollins, E. J. Sanchez, Steven Reyes, J. McIver, Archana Pai, F. Paoletti, Laura Sampson, James G. Bartlett, T. J. N. Nelson, D. Schuette, D. H. Shoemaker, J. Junker, James Healy, Roy Williams, Mairi Sakellariadou, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, A. Rüdiger, O. de Varona, Leo Tsukada, W. Z. Korth, E. Z. Hamilton, Tenglin Li, C. Buy, G. D. O'Dea, I. Kowalska, H. Overmier, Swetha Bhagwat, J. Scott, A. Ain, E. Maros, W. G. Anderson, G. Cella, Richard J. Abbott, Marie-Anne Bizouard, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, R. Coyne, Fabrice Matichard, E. K. Wessel, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, C. Casentini, Ben Farr, Christophe Collette, Ho-Gyu Lee, C. J. Perez, N. Gehrels, C.-J. Haster, O. Halim, J. A. Taylor, K. W. Tsang, M. Rakhmanov, Ik Siong Heng, T. Souradeep, E. Mejuto-Villa, J. Page, M. Boer, A. L. Miller, Mingliang Zhou, P. Astone, Larne Pekowsky, S. D'Antonio, H. Fehrmann, W. Ren, Benjamin William Allen, Mandar Patil, Abhirup Ghosh, Karsten Danzmann, Hua Wang, Slawomir Gras, C. Krämer, Denis Martynov, Marco Bazzan, A. Kutynia, F. Salemi, Federico Ferrini, Lijing Shao, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, P. Raffai, M. C. Edwards, Angela Delli Paoli, S. Ascenzi, D. Mukherjee, Alessandro Bertolini, Miftar Ganija, Laleh Sadeghian, R. C. Walet, V. P. Mitrofanov, D. Huet, S. H. Huttner, M. C. Araya, F. Cleva, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, Mark Hannam, R. L. McCarthy, C. R. Billman, Tanja Hinderer, A. Strunk, R. L. Savage, M. P. Ross, Maximiliano Isi, V. Sequino, Lionel Martellini, E. M. Gretarsson, Peter Fritschel, D. J. McManus, M. Masso-Reid, Yu Zhang, L. E. Sanchez, J. R. Palamos, Enrico Calloni, Thomas Corbitt, L. Salconi, Jacob Broida, M. K. Gupta, D. V. Atallah, Laura Cadonati, A. Perreca, Daniel R. George, S. McCormick, Susan M. Scott, I. Khan, Y. Wang, Q. Chu, G. Wang, C. E. Cirelli, L. E. Wade, Chad Hanna, M. Pirello, A. K. Srivastava, T. B. Edo, Haocun Yu, F. Clara, S. V. Angelova, L. Magaña Zertuche, Lili Yang, M. Branchesi, S. Chua, Fiodor Sorrentino, J. C. Batch, E. Massera, R. Inta, Alicia M. Sintes, Edward Seidel, M. Ast, T. Zhang, Thibaut Jacqmin, J. Woehler, M. Prijatelj, E. M. Fries, S. Klimenko, D. Passuello, D. B. Kozak, Douglas Davis, Geraint Pratten, H. Fair, G. Bogaert, Andrea Taracchini, B. Agarwal, Eric Thrane, J. B. Kanner, Walter Winkler, Chunnong Zhao, C. Michel, D. Finstad, Harald Lück, S. Rieger, L. Nevin, L. Kuo, D. Verkindt, Sarah Caudill, T. D. Knowles, M. Cho, H. Radkins, V. B. Adya, G. Gaur, S. Di Pace, E. Genin, J. V. van Heijningen, I. Maksimovic, R. L. Ward, G. Hemming, M. Pichot, C. Palomba, S. M. Koehlenbeck, A. Ananyeva, S. Karki, S. P. Vyatchanin, V. Dattilo, M. Brinkmann, Z. Márka, Stefan Hild, J. Schmidt, P. Couvares, R. Tso, Patrick M. Koch, S. Banagiri, F. Garufi, Surendra Nadh Somala, D. Bersanetti, Tomasz Bulik, D. Fiorucci, Richard J. Oram, V. V. Frolov, François Bondu, Britton D. Smith, J. Oberling, A. C. Green, Fausto Acernese, Tyson Littenberg, Mi Zhang, C. Gray, G. H. Ogin, M. Mantovani, G. Gemme, D. Pascucci, C. Bradaschia, K. Bossie, S. Vass, T. Dal Canton, Leopoldo Milano, S. G. Crowder, L. Rolland, N. Indik, Fabrizio Barone, M. Mohan, Mark Thomas, N. Man, J. Worden, David A. Williams, I. W. Harry, C. M. Mow-Lowry, K. Haughian, A. R. Wade, S. Chung, D. C. Vander-Hyde, E. E. Cowan, J. D. Romano, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Van Den Broeck, Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, Michael E Zucker, B. D. Lackey, B. L. Swinkels, Kipp Cannon, M. Steinke, A. Mullavey, F. Magaña-Sandoval, P. Puppo, A. W. Muir, E. A. Huerta, M. C. Heintze, R. Goetz, C. L. Romel, M. Lormand, M. A. Okada, P. Thomas, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Ettore Majorana, Paul M. Ricker, M. Bitossi, K. Wette, F. Thies, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, Rory Smith, C. Adams, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, D. M. Shoemaker, Michelle E. Walker, J. George, G. Moreno, D. Rosińska, S. E. Gossan, Patrice Hello, K. Holt, Kevin Barkett, I. Dorrington, I. Di Palma, Collin D. Capano, M. B. Shaner, V. Fafone, Jessica Steinlechner, A. Neunzert, T. Chmiel, M. Heurs, C. Dreissigacker, J-Y. Vinet, Reed Essick, S. Kandhasamy, B. Sorazu, T. T. Nguyen, Andrea Chincarini, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (IMP), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology [Shanghai], Tongji University, Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, University of Malaya, MEMS CORE Co, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Albert Einstein Institute, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Columbia University [New York], Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA), Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], LAboratoire de REcherche en Géodésie [Paris] (LAREG), Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information Géographique (LaSTIG), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, University of Alberta, Physics Department, University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Département de Physique, Universita degli studi di Genova, Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, CSSAR, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Chemistry [West Bengal], Kalyani University, UMR CNRS 8179, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Northfield], Carleton College, Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome]-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Vitrociset S.p.a., Department of Physics [Parma], University of Parma, Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut, Department of Mathematics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università 'La Sapienza', Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Matériaux Inorganiques (LMI), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Clermont Université-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Polymer-Institut, University of Karlsruhe, University of Karlsruhe (TH), Los Gatos Res Inc, Los, Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Virgo, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JIFRESSE, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC), Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy, ArcelorMittal Maizières Research SA, ArcelorMittal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), ESPCI ParisTech, Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division [London], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London]-King‘s College London, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Climate System, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Forestry School, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Photonics and photonic materials group, Departement of Physics, University of bath, University of Bath [Bath], Laboratoire de Mesures et Modélisation de la Migration des Radionucléides (L3MR), Service d'Etudes du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Océan du Large et Variabilité Climatique (OLVAC), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto IMEM-CNR, Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Genova] (IMEM-CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Department of Physics Department [Fayetteville], University of Arkansas [Fayetteville], Politecnico di Torino [Torino] (Polito), SensorDynamics AG, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), State Key Lab Marine Geology, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Otago, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC - UMR 7164), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Association de Coordination Technique Agricole, LAboratoire de REcherche en Géodésie [Paris] (LAREG/IGN), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), University of Massachusetts, Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universidad de Extremadura, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), OLVAC LEGOS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), University of Malaya = Universiti Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie] (UM), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Les instituts techniques agricoles (Acta), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Clermont Université-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European gravitational Observatory (EGO), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota System, Civil and Environmental Engineering [Illinois] (CEE), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo [Genova] (IMEM-CNR), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - 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P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Atallah, D. V., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Aultoneal, K., Austin, C., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Beer, C., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bero, J. J., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Billman, C. R., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bohe, A., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossie, K., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Broida, J. E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Calderón Bustillo, J., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canizares, P., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -P., Chia, H., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Chmiel, T., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, A. J. K., Chua, S., Chung, A. K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Ciolfi, R., Cirelli, C. E., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Cleva, F., Cocchieri, C., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio, M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, E., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Dálya, G., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Da Silva Costa, C. F., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Day, B., De, S., Debra, D., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Demos, N., Denker, T., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, Rosario, Derosa, R. T., De Rossi, C., Desalvo, R., De Varona, O., Devenson, J., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Doctor, Z., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Douglas, R., Dovale Álvarez, M., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Dreissigacker, C., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dupej, P., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenstein, R. A., Essick, R. C., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z. B., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fee, C., Fehrmann, H., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Finstad, D., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fitz-Axen, M., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Forsyth, P. W. F., Forsyth, S. S., Fournier, J. -D., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fries, E. M., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M. R., Gaonkar, S. G., Garcia-Quiros, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gaur, G., Gayathri, V., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, D., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glover, L., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gomes, S., Goncharov, B., González, G., Gonzalez Castro, J. M., Gopakumar, A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grado, A., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Gretarsson, E. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Halim, O., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hinderer, T., Hoak, D., Hofman, D., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Horst, C., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hreibi, A., Hu, Y. M., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Indik, N., Inta, R., Intini, G., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Karki, S., Karvinen, K. S., Kasprzack, M., Katolik, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Kéfélian, F., Keitel, D., Kemball, A. J., Kennedy, R., Kent, C., Key, J. S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimbrell, S. J., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Knowles, T. D., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Krämer, C., Kringel, V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwang, S., Lackey, B. D., Lai, K. H., Landry, M., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lanza, R. K., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lehmann, J., Lenon, A., Leonardi, M., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Li, T. G. F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, J., Lo, R. K. L., Lockerbie, N. A., London, L. T., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., Macas, R., Macfoy, S., Machenschalk, B., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magaña Hernandez, I., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magaña Zertuche, L., Magee, R. M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mccormick, S., Mcculler, L., Mcguire, S. C., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., Mcmanus, D. J., Mcneill, L., Mcrae, T., Mcwilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Meidam, J., Mejuto-Villa, E., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E. L., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Metzdorff, R., Meyers, P. M., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Miller, B. B., Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moffa, D., Moggi, A., Mogushi, K., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muñiz, E. A., Muratore, M., Murray, P. G., Napier, K., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelemans, G., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Nevin, L., Newport, J. M., Newton, G., Ng, K. K. Y., Nguyen, T. T., Nichols, D., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Noack, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., North, C., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., O'Dea, G. D., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Okada, M. A., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R., Ortega, L. F., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ossokine, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Page, J., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, Howard, Pan, Huang-Wei, Pang, B., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Parida, A., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patil, M., Patricelli, B., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pekowsky, L., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perez, C. J., Perreca, A., Perri, L. M., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M., Poe, M., Poggiani, R., Popolizio, P., Porter, E. K., Post, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Pratt, J. W. W., Pratten, G., Predoi, V., Prestegard, T., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L. G., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Rakhmanov, M., Ramirez, K. E., Ramos-Buades, A., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Ren, W., Reyes, S. D., Ricci, F., Ricker, P. M., Rieger, S., Riles, K., Rizzo, M., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, J. D., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Rutins, G., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Sakellariadou, M., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sampson, L. M., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sandberg, V., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwalbe, S. G., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seidel, E., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T. J., Shah, A. A., Shahriar, M. S., Shaner, M. B., Shao, L., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, B., Smith, J. R., Smith, R. J. E., Somala, S., Son, E. J., Sonnenberg, J. A., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Spencer, A. P., Srivastava, A. K., Staats, K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stevenson, S. P., Stone, R., Stops, D. J., Strain, K. A., Stratta, G., Strigin, S. E., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Tait, S. C., Talbot, C., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tao, D., Tápai, M., Taracchini, A., Tasson, J. D., Taylor, J. A., Taylor, R., Tewari, S. V., Theeg, T., Thies, F., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Toland, K., Tonelli, M., Tornasi, Z., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Töyrä, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trinastic, J., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tsang, K. W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tuyenbayev, D., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Van Bakel, N., Van Beuzekom, M., Van Den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., Vander-Hyde, D. C., Van Der Schaaf, L., Van Heijningen, J. V., Van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Varma, V., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Viets, A. D., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Y. F., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Weßels, P., Westerweck, J., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D., Williams, D., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J., Wong, K. W. K., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, S., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, L., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yvert, M., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, S. J., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: Astronomy, Testing, detection, General Physics and Astronomy, EFFICIENT, TESTING RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY, Tensors, Spectral shapes, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitational wave background, Energy density, TOOL, QC, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, stochastic model, Mathematical physics, QB, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Stochastic systems, Gravitational effects, article, Vectors, Polarization (waves), gravitational waves, astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), General relativity, gr-qc, FOS: Physical sciences, experimental studies of gravity, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Gravity waves, Relativity, Reference frequency, Physics and Astronomy (all), Theory of relativity, Scalar modes, Tests of general relativity, 0103 physical sciences, Advanced LIGO, ddc:530, Tensor, 010306 general physics, STFC, Gravitational Waves, polarization, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, RCUK, Astrophysical sources, LIGO, Physics and Astronomy, gravitation, RADIATION, Stochastic Background, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmology, Gravitational Waves, Stochastic Background, Advanced LIGO
Abstract: The detection of gravitational waves with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo has enabled novel tests of general relativity, including direct study of the polarization of gravitational waves. While general relativity allows for only two tensor gravitational-wave polarizations, general metric theories can additionally predict two vector and two scalar polarizations. The polarization of gravitational waves is encoded in the spectral shape of the stochastic gravitational-wave background, formed by the superposition of cosmological and individually-unresolved astrophysical sources. Using data recorded by Advanced LIGO during its first observing run, we search for a stochastic background of generically-polarized gravitational waves. We find no evidence for a background of any polarization, and place the first direct bounds on the contributions of vector and scalar polarizations to the stochastic background. Under log-uniform priors for the energy in each polarization, we limit the energy-densities of tensor, vector, and scalar modes at 95% credibility to $\Omega^T_0 < 5.6 \times 10^{-8}$, $\Omega^V_0 < 6.4\times 10^{-8}$, and $\Omega^S_0 < 1.1\times 10^{-7}$ at a reference frequency $f_0 = 25$ Hz., Comment: Minor updates to match published version
Published: 2018

43. Stability of CH3NCO in Astronomical Ices under Energetic Processing: A Laboratory Study

Author: Ramón J. Peláez, Belén Maté, Jean-Claude Guillemin, José Cernicharo, Víctor J. Herrero, Isabel Tanarro, Germán Molpeceres, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Spanish MINECO [FIS2013-48087-C2-1P, FIS2016-C3-1P, AYA2016-75066-C2-1-P], Program PCMI (INSU-CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), European Union [ERC-2013-Syg 610256], European Project: 610256,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,NANOCOSMOS(2014), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), and European Commission
Subjects: Kuiper Belt general, molecular data, Library science, interstellar medium (ISM), general [Kuiper Belt], 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, solid state volatile, media_common.cataloged_instance, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, European union, Solid state: volatile, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Interstellar medium (ISM), Astrochemistry, media_common, Physics, Molecular data, astrochemistry, volatile [Solid state], Astronomy and Astrophysics, 0104 chemical sciences, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Kuiper Belt: general
Abstract: Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) was recently found in hot cores and suggested to exist on comet 67P/CG. The incorporation of this molecule into astrochemical networks requires data on its formation and destruction. In this work, ices of pure CH3NCO and of CH3NCO(4%–5%)/H2O mixtures deposited at 20 K were irradiated with a UV D2 lamp (120–400 nm) and bombarded by 5 keV electrons to mimic the secondary electrons produced by cosmic rays (CRs). The destruction of CH3NCO was studied using IR spectroscopy. After processing, the νa–NCO band of CH3NCO disappeared and IR bands corresponding to CO, CO2, OCN−, and HCN/CN− appeared instead. The products of photon and electron processing were very similar. Destruction cross sections and half-life doses were derived from the measurements. Water ice provides a good shield against UV irradiation (half-life dose of ∼64 eV molecule−1 for CH3NCO in water ice), but is not so good against high-energy electrons (half-life dose ∼18 eV molecule−1). It was also found that CH3NCO does not react with H2O over the temperature range 20–200 K. These results indicate that hypothetical CH3NCO in the ices of dense clouds should be stable against UV photons and relatively stable against CRs over the lifetime of a cloud (∼107 yr), and could sublime in the hot core phase. On the surface of a Kuiper Belt object (the original location of comet 67P/CG) the molecule would be swiftly destroyed, by both photons and CRs, but embedded below just 10 μm of water ice, the molecule could survive for ∼109 yr., This work has been funded by the Spanish MINECO under grants FIS2013-48087-C2-1P, FIS2016-C3-1P, and AYA2016- 75066-C2-1-P. J.-C.G. and J.C. also thank the ANR-13-BS05- 0008 IMOLABS and J.-C.G. thanks the Program PCMI (INSU-CNRS) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for funding support. European Union funding under grant ERC-2013-Syg 610256 (NANOCOSMOS) is also acknowledged.
Published: 2018

44. Exposed bright features on the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: distribution and evolution

Author: J. L. Bertaux, L. Jorda, Carsten Güttler, Francesco Marzari, Monica Lazzarin, D. Bodewits, Holger Sierks, V. Da Deppo, Jörg Knollenberg, Nafiseh Masoumzadeh, Giampiero Naletto, Maurizio Pajola, H. U. Keller, Björn Davidsson, Ivano Bertini, Philippe Lamy, Steve Boudreault, O. Groussin, Detlef Koschny, Michael Küppers, Nicolas Thomas, Cecilia Tubiana, J. D. P. Deshapriya, Stefano Debei, M. De Cecco, J. J. Lopez Moreno, Sonia Fornasier, Xian Shi, J. B. Vincent, Stefano Mottola, Pedro J. Gutiérrez, L. M. Lara, Alice Lucchetti, M. A. Barucci, J. Rainer Kramm, R. Rodrigo, N. Oklay, Gabriele Cremonese, Stubbe F. Hviid, Pedro Hasselmann, H. V. Hoang, Marco Fulle, Hans Rickman, F. Preusker, W-H. Ip, Clement Feller, Ekkehard Kührt, Cesare Barbieri, Jakob Deller, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-ray Optical Research [Padova] (LUXOR), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Board, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung ( MPS ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova ( OAPD ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), NASA Ames Research Center ( ARC ), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] ( DLR ), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] ( CAB ), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial ( INTA ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), International Space Science Institute ( ISSI ), European Space Research and Technology Centre ( ESTEC ), European Space Agency ( ESA ), Space Research Centre [Warsaw] ( CBK ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-ray Optical Research [Padova] ( LUXOR ), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies ( IFN ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste ( OAT ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), National Central University [Taiwan] ( NCU ), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] ( IGEP ), European Space Astronomy Center ( ESAC ), and Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' ( CISAS )
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, Data analysis, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], Methods: data analysis, 0103 physical sciences, Comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Techniques: photometric, Photometric techniques, data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [ SDU.ASTR ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], biology, photometric [Techniques], Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Albedo, biology.organism_classification, Reflectivity, On board, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Osiris
Abstract: Context. Since its arrival at the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in August 2014, the Rosetta spacecraft followed the comet as it went past the perihelion and beyond until September 2016. During this time there were many scientific instruments operating on board Rosetta to study the comet and its evolution in unprecedented detail. In this context, our study focusses on the distribution and evolution of exposed bright features that have been observed by OSIRIS, which is the scientific imaging instrument aboard Rosetta. Aims. We envisage investigating various morphologies of exposed bright features and the mechanisms that triggered their appearance. Methods. We co-registered multi-filter observations of OSIRIS images that are available in reflectance. The Lommel-Seeliger disk function was used to correct for the illumination conditions and the resulting colour cubes were used to perform spectrophotometric analyses on regions of interest. Results. We present a catalogue of 57 exposed bright features observed on the nucleus of the comet, all of which are attributed to the presence of HO ice on the comet. Furthermore, we categorise these patches under four different morphologies and present geometric albedos for each category. Conclusions. Although the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko appears to be dark in general, there are localised HO ice sources on the comet. Cometary activity escalates towards the perihelion passage and reveals such volatile ices. We propose that isolated HO ice patches found in smooth terrains in regions, such as Imhotep, Bes, and Hapi, result from frost as an aftermath of the cessation of the diurnal water cycle on the comet as it recedes from perihelion. Upon the comet's return to perihelion, such patches are revealed when sublimation-driven erosion removes the thin dust layers that got deposited earlier. More powerful activity sources such as cometary outbursts are capable of revealing much fresher, less contaminated HO ice that is preserved with consolidated cometary material, as observed on exposed patches resting on boulders. This is corroborated by our albedo calculations that attribute higher albedos for bright features with formations related to outbursts.© ESO 2018., The support of the national funding agencies of Germany (DLR), France (CNES), Italy (ASI), Spain (MEC), Sweden (SNSB), and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged.
Published: 2018

45. Single events induced by heavy ions and laser pulses in silicon schottky diodes

Author: Fabien Widmer, Delphine Lagarde, Pierre Calvel, Xavier Marie, Eric Lorfevre, N. Chatry, M. Mauguet, R. Marec, Francoise Bezerra, TRAD, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Thales Alenia Space, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, French Space Agency, TRAD, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Thales Group, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, laser pulses, Materials science, Silicon, Aperture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Heavy ions, Ion, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, transient, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Schottky diode, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, single-event burnout (SEB), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, trench structure, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Transient (oscillation), 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; This paper is dedicated to the investigation of single-event effects (SEEs) in different types of silicon Schottky diodes using heavy ions and laser pulses. The objectives are both to progress in heavy ions and laser correlations using simple devices and to further understand the impact of optical and electrical parameters on photogeneration in Schottky diodes to contribute to the use of pulsed lasers for single-event sensitivity studies. Heavy ion test results on planar and trenched commercial Schottky diodes are presented. Based on these results, pulsed laser tests and transient measurements were performed on the sensitive devices. Destructive single events were evidenced with both techniques. Significant parameters of the laser tests, such as backside aperture of the device, electrical and optical configuration are discussed. These investigations show the potential of laser testing for Schottky diode SEE sensitivity study.
Published: 2017

46. The Euclid Data Processing Challenges

Author: O. Rees Williams, Andrea Bonchi, H. Degaudenzi, Stefano Cavuoti, Andrea Tramacere, S. Serrano, S. Pilo, F. Dubath, Mark Holliman, Audrey Galametz, Sotiria Fotopoulou, Roberto P. Saglia, Nikolaos Apostolakos, Adriano Fontana, Shantanu Desai, Peter Capak, P. Hudelot, Marc Schefer, Olivier Ilbert, M. Kuemmel, M. Melchior, Gianluca Polenta, Andrey Belikov, Christophe Dabin, Yannick Mellier, Stéphane Paltani, Joseph J. Mohr, Marco Soldati, M. Poncet, Marc Sauvage, J. Hoar, N. Morisset, M. Frailis, Roser Pello, Massimo Brescia, Mara Salvato, Jean Coupon, Andrea Zacchei, Ben Hoyle, Pierre Dubath, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomy, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, NLD, CHE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) ( DAP ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Massimo Brescia, S. G. Djorgovski, Eric D. Feigelson, Giuseppe Longo, Stefano Cavuoti, Dubath, P., Apostolakos, N., Bonchi, A., Belikov, A., Brescia, M., Cavuoti, Stefano, Capak, P., Coupon, J., Dabin, C., Degaudenzi, H., Desai, S., Dubath, F., Fontana, A., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Galametz, A., Hoar, J., Holliman, M., Hoyle, B., Hudelot, P., Ilbert, O., Kuemmel, M., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Mohr, J., Morisset, N., Paltani, S., Pello, R., Pilo, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Saglia, R., Salvato, M., Sauvage, M., Schefer, M., Serrano, S., Soldati, M., Tramacere, A., Williams, R., and Zacchei, A.
Subjects: Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Face (sociological concept), FOS: Physical sciences, Space (commercial competition), 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, dark matter, catalogs, dark matter, galaxies: distances and redshifts, galaxies: fundamental parameters, methods: data analysis, surveys, surveys, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Data processing, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Software development, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: fundamental parameters, Data science, methods: data analysis, Universe, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Data center, galaxies: distances and redshifts, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, catalogs
Abstract: Euclid is a Europe-led cosmology space mission dedicated to a visible and near infrared survey of the entire extra-galactic sky. Its purpose is to deepen our knowledge of the dark content of our Universe. After an overview of the Euclid mission and science, this contribution describes how the community is getting organized to face the data analysis challenges, both in software development and in operational data processing matters. It ends with a more specific account of some of the main contributions of the Swiss Science Data Center (SDC-CH)., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, IAU Symposium 325 on Astroinformatics
Published: 2017

47. Laboratory study of methyl isocyanate ices under astrophysical conditions

Author: Belén Maté, Germán Molpeceres, Víctor J. Herrero, Isabel Tanarro, José Cernicharo, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Vicente Timón, Rafael Escribano, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), European Union [ERC-2013-Syg 610256 (NANOCOSMOS)], Spanish MINECO [CSD2009-00038 (ASTROMOL)], MINECO [FIS2013-48087-C2-1P, FIS2016-C3-1P, AYA2012-32032, AYA2016-75066-C2-1-P, BES-2014-0693], IMOLABS [ANR-13-BS05-0008], PCMI (INSU-CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), ANR-13-BS05-0008,IMOLABS,Molecules interstellaires : spectroscopie et synthèse en laboratoire(2013), European Project: 610256,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,NANOCOSMOS(2014), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Comet, Infrared spectroscopy, Methyl isocyanate, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, ISM: clouds, Spectral line, Article, spectroscopic [Techniques], Crystal, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, infrared: ISM, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Isocyanic acid, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Deuterium, laboratory: solid state [Methods], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, methods: laboratory: solid state, Physical chemistry, Density functional theory, clouds [ISM], techniques: spectroscopic
Abstract: 9 pags., 5 figs., 6 tabs., Methyl isocyanate has been recently detected in comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P/CG) and in the interstellar medium. New physicochemical studies on this species are now necessary as tools for subsequent studies in astrophysics. In this work, infrared spectra of solid CH3NCO have been obtained at temperatures of relevance for astronomical environments. The spectra are dominated by a strong, characteristic multiplet feature at 2350–2250 cm−1, which can be attributed to the asymmetric stretching of the NCO group. A phase transition from amorphous to crystalline methyl isocyanate is observed at ∼90 K. The band strengths for the absorptions of CH3NCO in ice at 20 K have been measured. Deuterated methyl isocyanate is used to help with the spectral assignment. No X-ray structure has been reported for crystalline CH3NCO. Here we advance a tentative theoretical structure, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, derived taking the crystal of isocyanic acid as a starting point. A harmonic theoretical spectrum is then calculated for the proposed structure and compared with the experimental data. A mixed ice of H2O and CH3NCO was formed by simultaneous deposition of water and methyl isocyanate at 20 K. The absence of new spectral features indicates that methyl isocyanate and water do not react appreciably at 20 K, but form a stable mixture. The high CH3NCO/H2O ratio reported for comet 67P/CG, and the characteristic structure of the 2350–2250 cm−1 band, makes it a very good candidate for future astronomical searches., This work was funded by the European Union under grant ERC-2013-Syg 610256 (NANOCOSMOS) and by the Spanish MINECO CSD2009-00038 (ASTROMOL) within the Consolider–Ingenio Program. MINECO funding from grants FIS2013-48087-C2-1P, FIS2016-C3-1P, AYA2012- 32032 and AYA2016-75066-C2-1-P is also acknowledged. G. M. acknowledges MINECO PhD grant BES-2014-0693. JCG and JC also thank the ANR-13-BS05-0008 IMOLABS and JCG thanks the Program PCMI (INSU-CNRS) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for funding support
Published: 2017

48. Methylenecyanamide (CH2═NCN) and (Z)- and (E)-Iminoacetonitriles (NC–CH═NH), Dimers of Hydrogen Cyanide

Author: Hajer Ayachi, Houda Gazzeh, Taoufik Boubaker, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), and The authors thank the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and the 'Programme National Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES for a grant. H.A. received a fellowship from the University of Monastir.
Subjects: [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; (Z)- and (E)-iminoacetonitriles (NCCH═NH), two hydrogen cyanide dimers, are described as key compounds in prebiotic chemistry. Among the many possible dimers of HCN with covalent bonds, even the second on the scale of thermodynamic stability, methylenecyanamide (CH(2)═NCN), has been investigated little. We show that this compound can be isolated, is stable enough to give an adduct with a nucleophile or a diene, and can be easily generated under prebiotic conditions, highlighting a possible role in this medium. Comparison between isomers shows significant differences in formation and chemical reactivity.
Published: 2023

49. Performance assessment of a recent change detection method for homogeneous and heterogeneous images

Author: Jean-Yves Tourneret, Jorge Prendes, Marie Chabert, Alain Giros, Frédéric Pascal, Sondra, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay (COmUE) (SONDRA), ONERA-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Télécommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques - Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics (TéSA), Laboratoire de recherche coopératif dans les télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques (TESA), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Paris-Saclay (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), CentraleSupélec (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), Laboratoire franco-singapourien de recherche en électromagnétisme et radars ( SONDRA ), ONERA-SUPELEC-National University of Singapore ( NUS ) -DSO National Laboratories-CentraleSupélec, Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics ( TéSA ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -THALES-Télécom ParisTech-Rockwell-Collins-Direction des services de la navigation aérienne de la DGAC ( DSNA ) -Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile ( ENAC ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes ( L2S ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES )
Subjects: QA71-90, [ STAT.OT ] Statistics [stat]/Other Statistics [stat.ML], 0211 other engineering and technologies, détection des changements, 02 engineering and technology, Similarity measure, mesure de similarité Keywords : Remote sensing, Traitement des images, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Applied optics. Photonics, Computer vision, heterogeneous images, change detection, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Remote sensing, Computer Science Applications, similarity measure, Geography, Change detection, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Mixture models, SAR, Synthetic aperture radar, [ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Télédétection, Image registration, Image processing, [STAT.OT]Statistics [stat]/Other Statistics [stat.ML], Instruments and machines, images hétérogènes, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, Cellular telephone services industry. Wireless telephone industry, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Heterogeneous images, Pixel, business.industry, [ STAT.AP ] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Pléiades, Statistical model, Intelligence artificielle, TA1501-1820, Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, HE9713-9715, Artificial intelligence, Noise (video), business
Abstract: International audience; Un modèle statistique pour détecter des changements dans les images de télédétection a récemment été proposé dans (Prendes et al., 2014, 2015). Ce modèle est suffisamment général pour être utilisé pour les images homogènes acquises par le même genre de capteurs (par exemple, deux images optiques des satellites Pléiades, éventuellement avec des conditions d'acquisition différent), et pour les images hétérogènes acquises par différents cap-teurs (par exemple, une image optique acquis d'un satellite Pléiades et une image radar à synthèse d'ouverture (SAR) acquise d'un satellite TerraSAR-X). Ce modèle suppose que chaque pixel est distribué selon une densité mélange suivant les propriétés de bruit et les réponses d'intensité du détecteur à la scène réelle. Les paramètres du modèle statistique résultant peuvent être estimés en utilisant l'algorithme espérance-maximisation (EM) classique. Les paramètres estimés sont finalement utilisés pour apprendre les relations entre les images d'intérêt, en utilisant une stratégie d'apprentissage de varieté. Ces relations sont pertinents pour de nombreuses applications de traitement d'image, en particulier ceux qui nécessitent une mesure de similarité (par exemple, la détection de changement d'image et l'enregistrement de l'image). L'objectif principal de cette étude est d'évaluer la performance d'une méthode de détection de changement basé sur cette stratégie d'apprentissage de varieté initialement introduite dans (Prendes et al., 2014, 2015). Cette performance est éval-uée en utilisant les résultats obtenus avec des paires d'images optiques réelles acquises par des satellites et des paires d'images optiques et SAR Pléiades. Abstract A statistical model for detecting changes in remote sensing images has recently been proposed in (Prendes et al., 2014, 2015). This model is sufficiently general to be used for homogeneous images acquired by the same kind of sensors (e.g., two optical images from Pléiades satellites, possibly with different acquisition conditions), and for heterogeneous images acquired by different sensors (e.g., an optical image acquired from a Pléiades satellite and a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image acquired from a TerraSAR-X satellite). This model assumes that each pixel is distributed according to a mixture of distributions depending on the noise properties and on the sensor intensity responses to the actual scene. The parameters of the resulting statistical model can be estimated by using the classical expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The estimated parameters are finally used to learn the relationships between the images of interest, via a manifold learning strategy. These relationships are relevant for many image processing applications, particularly those requiring a similarity measure (e.g., image change detection and image registration). The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a change detection method based on this manifold learning strategy initially introduced in (Prendes et al., 2014, 2015). This performance is evaluated by using results obtained with pairs of real optical images acquired from Pléiades satellites and pairs of optical and SAR images.
Published: 2015

50. Following deformation over permafrost environment during a whole freeze/thaw cycle using Pol-D-InSAR

Author: Garestier , Franck, Guillaso , Stéphane, Zakharova , Elena, Kouraev , Alexei. A., Desyatkin , Roman, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), SIGMAPHY ( GIPSA-SIGMAPHY ), Département Images et Signal ( GIPSA-DIS ), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique ( GIPSA-lab ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique ( GIPSA-lab ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales ( LEGOS ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GOHS, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIPSA - Signal Images Physique (GIPSA-SIGMAPHY), Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Yakutsk, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique ( CNRM-GAME ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

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