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38 results on '"Centre Européen d'Archéométrie"'

1. Emergence du procédé indirect d'élaboration du fer en région liégeoise: apport d'une étude technique de fers de charpentes datées par dendrochronologie

Author: UCL - FSA/MAPR - Département des sciences des matériaux et des procédés, Université de Liège - Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, IRAMAT CNRS UMR5060 et LPS CEA/CNRS - Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération, Mertens, Anne, Mathis, François, Dillmann, Philippe, Hoffsummer, Patrick, UCL - FSA/MAPR - Département des sciences des matériaux et des procédés, Université de Liège - Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, IRAMAT CNRS UMR5060 et LPS CEA/CNRS - Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération, Mertens, Anne, Mathis, François, Dillmann, Philippe, and Hoffsummer, Patrick
Published: 2009

2. The Newly Found Carolingian Tesserae of Germigny-Des-Prés

Author: Line Van Wersch, François Philippe Hocquet, Catherine Defeyt, David Strivay, Bernard GRATUZE, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, University of Liège, IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Vicarte/AIHV/Université de Lisbonne
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

3. Modeling incomplete and heterogeneous bleaching of mobile grains partially exposed to the light: Towards a new tool for single grain OSL dating of poorly bleached mortars

Author: Claire Christophe, Guillaume Guérin, Sophie Blain, Pierre Guibert, Petra Urbanová, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, and Université de Liège
Subjects: Single grain OSL, 010506 paleontology, Materials science, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Mineralogy, Dose distribution, engineering.material, Residual, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, optical exposure, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Instrumentation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Light exposure, Lime, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Radiation, Equivalent dose, Exponential function, mobile grain statistics, mortar dating, engineering, Mortar, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Optical dating
Abstract: International audience; Dating archaeological mortar by OSL is one of the challenging that allows to date the construction of ancient masonries. Amongst building materials, mortar is more convenient to date masonries than bricks, since the latter can be reused, salvaged from older buildings or structures. The event to be dated is the preparation of mortar when grains of sand (including quartz) were extracted, possibly sieved and added to lime and mixed together. In many cases, an incomplete bleaching of grains is reported in the literature and the only way to overcome this difficulty is to use the single grain technique (Jain et al., 2004; Urbanova et al., 2015…). Nevertheless, despite its potential, this technique needs to develop non-standard statistical tools in order to understand and describe the EDs distribution of poorly bleached materials.The first step of this study is, to model the bleaching process of sand grains during their movement while being mixed with lime and water, in the view of obtaining a residual dose distribution. To do so, we base our calculation upon simple assumptions about the statistical behaviour of grains, and particularly the fact that individual grains can move independently during the making process. Assuming that the probability for a grain to be exposed to the light is memoryless, then we deduced that the time of exposition of a grain follows an exponential distribution. Coupling this exposition with both a bleaching equation of grains which is assumed to be exponential, and a growth function of OSL with dose, chosen in our case as a saturating exponential, we obtain the distribution of residual dose. This distribution is convoluted with the burial dose one (distribution of dose integrated since the mortar manufacture) to simulate distributions of EDs of archaeological materials.The second step consists in checking the suitability of this simulation approach by comparing calculated and experimental distributions of EDs of mortar samples. The principle is to evaluate the parameters involved in the simulation process that best fits the experimental distribution of individual EDs and finally compare the Single Grain -OSL ages with the known ones. As the samples studied here are of known ages, that were determined according to archaeological or other physical dating approaches, it is then possible to evaluate the consistency of this data processing. A very satisfactory agreement is obtained with the known samples studied. We actually experience tens of SG studies that indicate the suitability of the procedure that, in a certain extent, could be generalized to other bleaching processes involving a mobility of grains as a major source of random exposition of grains to the light.Jain, M., Thomsen, K. J., Bøtter-Jensen, L., Murray, A. S., 2004. Thermal transfer and apparent-dose distributions in poorly bleached mortar samples: results from single grains and small aliquots of quartz. Radiation Measurements, 38: 101-109.Urbanova, P., Hourcade, D., Ney, C., Guibert, P., 2015. Sources of uncertainties in OSL dating of archaeological mortars: the case study of the Roman amphitheatre Palais-Gallien in Bordeaux. Radiation Measurements, 72: 100-110.
Published: 2017
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4. The Potential of Architectural Ceramics to Date Construction in Question: State of the Art and Current Challenges for Dating Methods

Author: Pierre Guibert, Petra Urbanová, Philippe Lanos, Philippe DUFRESNE, Sophie Blain, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, and Université de Liège
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV.CD]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

5. The Roman semi-product of the North-western mediterranean: Typology, quality, distribution, chronology and provenance

Author: Pagès Gaspard, Stéphanie Leroy, Enrique Vega, Philippe Dillmann, Emmanuelle Delque-Kolic, Philippe Fluzin, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

6. Etude pluridisciplinaire de chapelles funéraires thébaines de l'époque ramesside

Author: Matthias Alfeld, Kevin Cain, Catherine Defeyt, Pauline Martinetto, Philippe Martinez, Jared Murnan, Silvia Pedetti, Philippe Walter, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (UMR 8213) (LPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

7. Discovery of a woman portrait behind La Violoniste by Kees van Dongen through hyperspectral imaging

Author: David Strivay, Elodie Herens, Philippe Walter, Catherine Defeyt, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Archeology, Kees van Dongen, Hidden composition, lcsh:Fine Arts, Hyperspectral imaging, lcsh:Analytical chemistry, Art history, 02 engineering and technology, Conservation, 01 natural sciences, Visual arts, Portrait, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Painting, White (horse), lcsh:QD71-142, Visual examination, 010401 analytical chemistry, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Palette (painting), Raman spectroscopy, lcsh:N, MA-XRF, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Despite the fact that Kees van Dongen was one of the most famous painters of the twentieth century, only little information about his palette and his technique is available. To contribute to the characterization of van Dongen’s painting materials, La Violoniste, painted by the artist around 1922, has been analyzed by using three complementary techniques: macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF), Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging. The elemental repartition given by MA-XRF and the results obtained thanks to Raman spectroscopy help us to complete the identification of pigments contained in La Violoniste (lead white, iron oxides, cadmium yellow, vermilion, Prussian blue, titanium white, ultramarine, a red lake, a chromium pigment and carbon black) while the results obtained via hyperspectral imaging reveal a hidden woman portrait. Besides the fact that Kees van Dongen was particularly renowned for his female portraits, this hidden composition presents stylistic similarities with the well-known portraits produced by the artist from around 1920, when he was a famous worldly portraitist. Thanks to Raman spectroscopy, visual examination and MA-XRF, we show that the original background contains ultramarine, the hidden portrait’s clothes are maybe made of the same colour as the present violinist’s dress and her face contains zinc, contrary to the violinist’s flesh which is mainly made of lead white.
Published: 2017
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8. Relationship between the Synthesis of Prussian Blue Pigments, Their Color, Physical Properties, and Their Behavior in Paint Layers

Author: Fernande Grandjean, Pauline Martinetto, Pierre Bordet, David Strivay, Gary J. Long, Louise Samain, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Université de Liège, Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Missouri, University of Missouri [St. Louis], Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, University of Liège
Subjects: Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pigment, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Prussian blue, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Thermogravimetry, General Energy, chemistry, visual_art, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ferricyanide, Ferrocyanide, 0210 nano-technology, Stoichiometry, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: Prussian blue pigments, highly insoluble mixed-valence iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) complexes of typical stoichiometry Fe-4(III)[Fe-II(CN)(6)](3)center dot xH(2)O or KFeIII[Fe-II(CN)(6)]center do ...
Published: 2013
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9. Synthesis and fading of eighteenth-century Prussian blue pigments: a combined study by spectroscopic and diffractive techniques using laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources

Author: Louise Samain, Pauline Martinetto, David Strivay, Fernande Grandjean, Jana Sanyova, Gary J. Long, Pierre Bordet, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, University of Liège, Université de Liège, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Cobalt blue, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ferrihydrite, Pigment, X-Ray Diffraction, Materials Testing, Paint, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Prussian blue, Radiation, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, humanities, Nanocrystalline material, 0104 chemical sciences, Equipment Failure Analysis, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Colorimetry, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], Absorption (chemistry), Ferrocyanide, 0210 nano-technology, Synchrotrons, Ferrocyanides
Abstract: Prussian blue, a hydrated iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) complex, is a synthetic pigment discovered in Berlin in 1704. Because of both its highly intense color and its low cost, Prussian blue was widely used as a pigment in paintings until the 1970s. The early preparative methods were rapidly recognized as a contributory factor in the fading of the pigment, a fading already known by the mid-eighteenth century. Herein two typical eighteenth-century empirical recipes have been reproduced and the resulting pigment analyzed to better understand the reasons for this fading. X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that the early syntheses lead to Prussian blue together with variable amounts of an undesirable iron(III) product. Pair distribution functional analysis confirmed the presence of nanocrystalline ferrihydrite, Fe10O14(OH)2, and also identified the presence of alumina hydrate, Al10O14(OH)2, with a particle size of ∼15 Å. Paint layers prepared from these pigments subjected to accelerated light exposure showed a tendency to turn green, a tendency that was often reported in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century books. The presence of particles of hydrous iron(III) oxides was also observed in a genuine eighteenth-century Prussian blue sample obtained from a polychrome sculpture.
Published: 2013
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10. Caractérisation physico-chimique et recherche des provenances des hématites oolithiques des sites du Néolithique ancien de Hesbaye (Province de Liège, Belgique) et des sites néolithiques des sources de la Dendre (Province du Hainaut, Belgique)

Author: Goemare, É., Salomon, H., Querré, G., Mathis, F., Dreesen, R., Hamon, C., Constantin, C., Bosquet, D., Wijnen, J., Jadin, I., Dpt VII: Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Université de Liège, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cyrille Billard, Dominique Bosquet, Roland Dreesen [et al.] (eds), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)
Subjects: Early Neolithic, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, macroscopic description, X-ray Diffraction, Clinton-type oolitic ironstones, LBK, X-Ray fluorescence, Dendre springs, Linear Pottery Culture, Belgium, OIS, Hesbaye, PIXE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: “Chemical and physical characterization and provenance study of oolitic hematites found both in early Neo-lithic sites of Hesbaye (Province of Liège, Belgium) and Neolithic sites from the Dendre River springs (Hainaut province, Belgium)”.Oolitic ironstones (OIS) are red raw materials producing a strong red pigment that are frequently encountered on LBK (Linearbandkeramic culture or Linienbandkeramische Kultur) sites from the Hesbaye (Liège province, Belgium), the Maastricht region (Limburg province, The Netherlands) and the Dendre springs area (Hainaut province, Belgium). Macroscopical, mesoscopical and microscopical investigations show a genetic relationship between all of the studied sam-ples. The latter consist mainly of Clinton-type OIS with fine-grained hematitic ooids and a red clayey-sandy matrix, rarely enclosing carbonates within the cement or in the fossils. The observed variation inside the geological outcrops results from differences in the proportions of the detrital matrix and the carbonate content in comparison with the richness in hematitic ooids. The geochemical analyses carried out with HH-XRF and PIXE, also show strong analogies between all of the studied archaeological objects discovered in both of the studied areas. The diffractometric analysis resulted in poor information except for the mineralogical composition of the major phases. We do not observe differences between the pioneer sites and the older occupation sites. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the OIS from one village to another. A comparison of geological samples from Belgium and Germany allowed to link archaeological samples to Lower Famennian OIS of the southern border of the Namur Synclinorium. The latter spots are most probably located between the towns of Loyable and Amay, along the Meuse river valley. We may therefore conclude that the early Neolithic people looked at the same spots (in a geographic area of about three kilometers along the Meuse river axis). Moreover, they have selected their primary raw materials using the richness in iron ooids and the scarcity in quartz and calcite as main selection criteria. This study is still in progress, now taking into account other types of (non-oolitic) red rocks from LBK sites in the Hesbaye area, The Netherlands and Lorraine, in order to trace the geographical and geological provenances of the raw materials. So far, we can already suggest that the sources are local to regional for the red sandstones and of German origin for the non-oolitic hematitic ores.
Published: 2016

11. Les hématites oolithiques du Néolithique ancien et du Mésolithique de Basse-Normandie (France) : caractérisation physico-chimique et recherche des provenances

Author: GOEMAERE, Éric, Salomon, Hélène, Billard, Cyrille, Querré, Guirec, MATHIS, François, Golitko, Mark, Dubrulle-Brunaud, Carole, Savary, Xavier, Dreesen, Roland, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Université de Liège, Service de Préhistoire, F.R.S.-FNRS, Direction régionale des affaires culturelles de Basse Normandie (DRAC de Basse Normandie), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Régional d'Archéologie, Basse-Normandie, Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)
Subjects: Early Neolithic, Caen, Basse-Normandie, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, X-Ray fluorescence, Clinton-type oolitic ironstone LA-ICP-MS, Linear Band Ceramic, OIS, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, PIXE, France, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Mesolithic, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Early Neolithic & Mesolithic oolitic ironstones from Basse-Normandie (France): chemical and physical characterization and provenance study ". Oolitic ironstones (OIS) disccovered at archaeological (Early Neolithic & Mesolithic) sites in the Caen region (Bas-se-Normandie, France) were analyzed and compared with Ordovician OIS sampled in geological sites in Basse-Normandie, in order to establish the source of the raw materials used in prehistory. Samples of OIS were analyzed and characterized by X-ray diffraction (whole rock and clay fraction), LA-ICP-MS, HH-XRF and PIXE. Ironstone objects from Colombelles (early Neolithic) show compositions that are different from those recovered at Biéville-Beuville (final Mesolithic). Those at Colom-belles were initially extracted from slightly weathered ironstone layers and it is suggested here that their extraction required extra digging to reach less weathered hematite-rich material. In contrast, OIS from Biéville-Beuville have a mineralogical composition indicative of more intense weathering, which might indicate collection of surface material. The final Mesoli-thic raw material of Biéville-Beuville seems to have been obtained through a different mode of acquisition than that utilized during the early Neolithic. Our research allows us to conclude that all the archaeological OIS
Published: 2016

12. Analyses of early medieval stained window glass from the monastery of Baume-les-Messieurs (Jura, France)

Author: Van Wersch , L., Loisel , C., Mathis , François, Strivay , David, Bully , Sébastien, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH), Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, University of Liège, Université de Liège, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Catholic University Louvain, Laboratoire de Recherches des Monuments Historiques, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: natron, colouring process, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, early middle ages, stained window glass, wood ash, PIXE–PIGE
Abstract: International audience; The collection of early medieval window glass found in the abbey of Baume-les-Messieurs (Jura, France) is exceptional because it dates to the end of the eighth century, and due to the number of fragments as well as their state of conservation. Different colours and forms have been identified. These pieces are a rare opportunity to address the glass craft, its recipes and techniques for a phase of its history that has remained little known. Analyses in PIXE–PIGE prove that, in addition to fragments from two soda glass items, the pieces are made from wood-ash glass. Most of them probably came from the same production and the raw material is present in the region. At this early stage of wood-ash glass production, the glassmakers had mastered the glass as well as the colour processes.
Published: 2015
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13. Typochronologie des charpentes de toiture en Bourgognemédiévale (France)

Author: Blain, Sophie, Hoffsummer, Philippe, Aumard, Sylvain, Togni, B., Desbois-Garcia, Sophie, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)
Subjects: Moyen Âge, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archéologie, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

14. Influence of fibre distribution and grain size on the mechanical behaviour of friction stir processed Mg―C composites

Author: Anne Mertens, Henri-Michel Montrieux, Aude Simar, Jérôme Adrien, Eric Maire, Jacqueline Lecomte-Beckers, Francis Delannay, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), irccyn-ivc, Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Friction stir processing, Mechanical Engineering, Composite number, Alloy, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Grain size, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Mechanics of Materials, Ultimate tensile strength, Volume fraction, engineering, Friction stir welding, General Materials Science, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Short C fibres-Mg matrix composites have been produced by friction stir processing sandwiches made of a layer of C fabric stacked between two sheets of Mg alloy AZ31B or AZ91D. This novel processing technique can allow the easy production of large-scale metal matrix composites. The paper investigates the microstructure of FSPed C fibre-Mg composites in relation with the fragmentation of the C fibres during FSP and their influence on the tensile properties. 3D X-ray tomography reveals that the fibres orient like onion rings and are more or less fragmented depending on the local shear stress during the process. The fibre volume fraction can be increased from 2.3% to 7.1% by reducing the nugget volume, i.e. by using a higher advancing speed in AZ31B alloy or a stronger matrix alloy, like AZ91D alloy. A higher fibre volume fraction leads to a smaller grain size which brings about an increase of the composite yield strength by 15 to 25%. However, a higher fibre volume fraction also leads to a lower fracture strain. Fracture surface observations reveal that damage occurs by fibre/matrix decohesion along fibres oriented perpendicularly to the loading direction.
Published: 2015

15. Belgium/Dendrochronology - Dating metallic reinforcements in roof frames

Author: Christophe Maggi, Pagès Gaspard, Patrick Hoffsummer, François Mathis, Anne Mertens, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Bolle C., Court G., Léotard J.-M., and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: iron, Belgium, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, dendrochronology, church, roof frames, dating
Abstract: International audience; Studies about metallic reinforcements in historical monuments multiply themselves. Thanks to building archaeology and dendrochronology, we are able to determine the archaeological contexts to which the metallic elements belong and to date them. One of the objectives of the research is to list the different appearances of iron in roof frames and to identify the function of each. At the end, the principal aim is to create a typo-chronological inventory which will index all the iron reinforcements met in medieval roof frames of the Meuse basin (Belgium).
Published: 2014

16. L’or de la vallée de la Somme

Author: Charlotte Sillon, Sylvia Nieto-Pelletier, Bernard Gratuze, IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Centre européen d’archéométrie de l’université de Liège
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Numismatics, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, La icp ms, 0601 history and archaeology, numismatic, LA-ICP-MS, Humanities, numismatique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: C’est dans la vallée de la Somme qu’ont été frappées les premières émissions monétaires de Gaule Belgique, exclusivement en or. Elles sont à l’origine d’un monnayage d’or qui perdure de manière continue jusqu’au ier siècle avant J.-C. Au cours des différentes phases de son histoire, son aire de circulation ne cesse de s’élargir pour englober finalement l’ensemble de la Gaule Belgique et le sud de la Bretagne Insulaire. La compréhension des enjeux propres à ce monnayage s’enrichit désormais de l’apport des données relatives à la composition élémentaire des alliages monétaires. Ces données nouvelles ont permis de vérifier les données typologiques et métrologiques, en mettant en évidence trois phases distinctes du point de vue de la composition monétaire : la première témoigne de l’usage, pour la frappe monétaire, d’un or natif, avec ou sans ajout de cuivre. Dans un second temps, avec la mise en circulation des statères au flan large, les autorités émettrices introduisent le procédé de l’altération de l’alliage monétaire par l’ajout d’argent et de cuivre, dans des proportions encore limitées. Enfin, au Ier siècle avant J.-C., la fabrication monétaire est plus strictement contrôlée et l’altération de l’alliage devient importante et systématique. En outre, les analyses révèlent la variété des techniques employées dans la fonte et la frappe des monnaies. The Somme valley is the birthplace of the Celtic coins of Belgic Gaul, exclusively made of gold. From those emissions derived a range of gold coinages emitted until the Ist century B.C. Their distribution kept on widening, eventually encompassing Belgic Gaul as a whole, as well as southern Britain. The new data made available about its metallic composition enables one to better understand the issues of this peculiar coinage. The analysis has indeed emphasized three successive phases in relation with metallic composition, which are consistent with the typological and metrological data. During the first stages of the process, the alloy is clearly derived from native gold, containing various amounts of copper. Then, the « broad flan » series can be regarded as a transitional phase, during which the alloy is altered by adding silver and copper altogether, although in a limited proportion. Finally, during the Ist century B.C., such techniques are widely used, while the whole manufacturing process is more strictly controlled. Furthermore, the analysis reveals the wide variety of technical solutions which have been used for alloy melting and coinage striking.
Published: 2013

17. Entre littoral et arrière-pays, l'organisation des activités artisanales : le cas de Narbonne antique

Author: Corinne Sanchez, P Jezegou, M., Pagès Gaspard, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Département des Recherches Archéologiques Subaquatiques et Sous-Marines [Marseille] (DRASSM), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie de l'Université de Liège (CEA), Université de Liège, and A. ESPOSITO et G. SANIDAS
Subjects: arrière-pays, métallurgie, Montagne Noire, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, économie, Antiquité romaine, ville, Narbonne, port, céramique, artisanat
Abstract: The Roman colonial city of Narbonne, site on the Mediterranean shore of the current Languedoc-Roussillon region (France), is known for the high congregation of craftsmen depicted by its lapidary remains. An essay on the spatial distribution of the craft activities (pottery, metallurgy) is proposed based on the data furbished by urban excavations, archaeological research of its harbour and the surrounding country zones. This work benefits from first results derived from the recent archaeological operations at Salauze (Laure-Minervois), Port-la-Nautique and Grand Castélou, all in the framework of the research program "Les ports antiques de Narbonne". It has allowed to establish the basis for the reflection on the economical organisation of the craft industry network during the Roman Antiquity in Narbonne and its territory extending from the cost to its mountainous foothill.; Narbonne, colonie romaine et ville portuaire, est réputée pour le nombre de ses artisans notamment à travers les attestations lapidaires. Aussi, un essai de répartition spatiale des activités artisanales est proposé à partir des fouilles urbaines, mais également à partir des recherches sur les zones portuaires et rurales pour comprendre les relations qui unissent les différentes activités (céramique, métallurgie...) menées dans ces espaces. Ce travail bénéficie des premiers résultats des récentes opérations archéologiques conduites à Salauze (Laure-Minervois), mais également à Port-la-Nautique et au Grand Castélou dans le cadre du Programme Collectif de Recherche " Les ports antiques de Narbonne ". La lecture croisée proposée permet de dresser les premiers jalons d'une réflexion sur l'organisation du tissu économique et artisanal durant l'Antiquité à Narbonne et dans son territoire, entre littoral et contreforts montagneux.
Published: 2012

18. Strategies specialisees d'acquisition de pigments rouges durant le Chatelperronien de la grotte du Renne a Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne, France)

Author: Salomon, H., Coquinot, Y., Beck, L., Vignaud, C., Lebon, M., Odin, G.-P., Mathis, F., Julien, M., Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique [Bruxelles] (FNRS), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie de l'Université de Liège (CEA), Université de Liège, Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie René-Ginouvès (MAE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and amplexor, amplexor
Subjects: [PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], strategie d'approvisionnement, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], PIXE, petrographie, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], geochimie, hematite
Abstract: National audience; La grotte du Renne a Arcy-sur-Cure est le site le plus richement documente pour apprehender la transition entre lePaleolithique moyen et le Paleolithique superieur. De nombreux vestiges colorants rouges ou noirs presentant des facettes d'usure yont ete decouverts dans l'ensemble des niveaux d'occupation attribues au Chatelperronien. Cet article decrit les modalitesd'approvisionnement en mineraux colorants rouges visant la production sur le site meme d'une poudre au fort pouvoir colorant. Notreetude revele les espaces frequentes par ces populations au fil des occupations du porche de la grotte du Renne, les choix ou lescontraintes techniques, les traditions culturelles, de meme que l'organisation economique et sociale des groupes chatelperroniens quia rendu possible l'extraction, les transformations et les utilisations des roches riches en oxydes de fer. Nous avons croise les donneesissues de la petrographie des roches ferrugineuses, de leur mineralogie et de leur geochimie pour definir les criteres qui permettent derapprocher les roches ferrugineuses archeologiques des sources geologiques echantillonnees dans un rayon de 50 km autour de la grotte.
Published: 2011

19. Narbonne : la ville et ses ports

Author: Corinne Sanchez, Julien Cavero, Marie-Pierre Jézégou, Gaspard Pagès, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Département des Recherches Archéologiques Subaquatiques et Sous-Marines [Marseille] (DRASSM), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie de l'Université de Liège (CEA), Université de Liège, PCR ' Les ports antiques de Narbonne ' coordonné par Corinne Sanchez (UMR5140), financement: CNRS, la région Languedoc-Roussillon (principaux financeurs), Université Montpellier 3, Inrap, ministère de la culture (DRAC et DRASSM)., PASQUALINI, M., Service Interdisciplinaire sur les Systèmes Moléculaires et les Matériaux (ex SCM) (SIS2M UMR 3299), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humbert, Véronique, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, habitats, monuments antiques, Narbonne, développement urbain, port, zones artisanales et commerciales
Abstract: A new reading of ancient documents and discoveries made recently in Narbonne and its surroundings have made possible to clarify the different stages of the urban development but also showed the existence of important portuary installations in the bodies of water, South of the town. The analysis of these information, to which we can add those related to the trading relationships existing with the hinterland, bring essential elements to the understanding of Narbonne in antic times.; La reprise de la documentation ancienne et l'apport des découvertes récentes réalisées sur Narbonne et sa périphérie permettent de préciser les différentes phases du développement urbain mais aussi d'attester la présence d'importantes zones portuaires dans les étangs, au sud de la ville. La mise en perspective de ces différentes informations avec celles illustrant les relations commerciales avec son arrière-pays apporte des éléments essentiels pour la compréhension de Narbonne antique.
Published: 2011

20. Valdeblore: le Clouté

Author: Pagès Gaspard, Claire Delhon, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie de l'Université de Liège (CEA), Université de Liège, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), UCA CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: Valdeblore, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Clouté
Abstract: Valdeblore: le Clouté
Published: 2011

21. A study of the roman half-products of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). A proposal for a comprehensive metallographic approach

Author: Pagès Gaspard, Philippe Dillmann, Philippe Fluzin, Luc Long, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie de l'Université de Liège (CEA), Université de Liège, Département des Recherches Archéologiques Subaquatiques et Sous-Marines [Marseille] (DRASSM), Ministère de la Culture (MC), ANR-05-JCJC-0164,ACOEUR,L'acier dans le sud de l&aposEurope : production, diffusion, emploi, altération, une approche interdisciplinaire.(2005), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: Roman Antiquity, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Metallography, Trade, Bloomery process, Iron bars, Standardisation, Slag inclusions
Abstract: téléchargeable sur: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440311000021; International audience; The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the organisation of the manufacture and circulation of iron bars and the possible bar standardisation of a given set of artefacts in order to throw more light on commercial patterns during Antiquity. A set of 48 iron based metal bars originating from the Roman shipwrecks at Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (France) has been studied using comprehensive metallographic observations, ranging from macroscopic to microscopic scales and slag inclusion (SI) analyses. A comparison of the results allows one to distinguish different metal qualities (inclusions, pores, welding, carbon content) that may be linked to morphological types, which shows the possible standardisation of this set of artefacts. Moreover, SI analyses allow distinguishing various origins for the Primary Pieces of Metal, thereby throwing light on a specific organisation of the iron bar production line during the late Roman period.
Published: 2011

22. L’apport des méthodes de datation physique à la caractérisation et à la datation de matériaux de construction et de structures architecturales : un bilan et des perspectives

Author: Pierre Guibert, Sophie Blain, Armel Bouvier, St. Büttner, Annick Chauvin, Philippe DUFRESNE, Philippe Lanos, Marco Martini, Emanuela Sibilia, Gueli, A., Prigent, D., Ian Bailiff, Maylis Baylé, Christian Sapin, Olindo Troja, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Luminescence Laboratory, Durham University, Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris (LAMOP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict)
Subjects: datation physique, architecture, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

23. Luminescence dating applied to Saint-Irénée’s church (Lyons, France)

Author: Bouvier, Armel, Guibert, Pierre, Reynaud, J.-F., Sapin, Christian, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, and Université de Liège
Subjects: Antiquité tardive, architecture, Luminescence, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Eglise, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

24. Artisanat et économie du fer en France méditerranéenne de l'Antiquité au début du Moyen Âge : une approche interdisciplinaire

Author: Pagès Gaspard, Archéologie des sociétés méditerranéennes : milieux, territoires, civilisations (ASMMTC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie de l'Université de Liège (CEA), Université de Liège, Bourse de Docteur Ingénieur du CNRS (Région Languedoc-Roussillon, Ministère de la Culture DRAC Languedoc-Roussillon), Michel Feugère, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Moyen Âge, travail, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, archéologie, métallographie, France méditerranéenne, Métallurgie, production, Antiquité, commerce, fer, analyse chimique, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: The author proposes here a wide time span insight of iron's craft industry and economy along the French Mediterranean shores, through the archaeological study of ancient iron artefacts. This study integrates an archeometrical approach, combining metallographic and petrographic methods specifically adapted to the analysis of antique metal manufactured objects. A holistic approach has been considered for the artefacts and its context, incorporating the new studies of twelve significant metallurgical sites with their particular topics -i.e. pilot archaeological site- to precise, already existing bibliographical inventories. An exhaustive documentation of the new locations has been achieved both through the archaeological data obtained and rigorous description of the installations. Around 28000 metallurgical materials counting objects and slags have been adequately inventoried, and 169 of them have been subjected to the archaeometric study. This work is structured according to the three major activities emerging from the iron bloomery process: The production of the metal (direct reduction of the ore), the manufacture of the objects (forging) and the trade of ferrous artefacts in a semi-finished form (circulation of semi-products). Thus, through the evolution of these three economical activities, it is possible to highlight the choices and the behaviour which were adopted for the same exercise from the Antiquity commercial systems to the Carolingian reform, to finally contribute to a better knowledge of the society to the Roman period to the beginning of the Middle Ages in the south of Gaul.; L'Auteur propose ici un panorama de l'artisanat et de l'économie du fer autour des rivages français de la Méditerranée, sur la longue durée. La démarche archéologique intègre une approche archéométrique spécialement adaptée à l'analyse de la sidérurgie ancienne, utilisant métallographie et pétrographie. La question est traitée dans son ensemble, non seulement sur la base des connaissances déjà acquises, à partir d'inventaires bibliographiques précis, mais aussi à partir des études inédites et détaillées de douze contextes métallurgiques " témoins ", significatifs de problématiques propres. Ils sont documentés par l'ensemble des données archéologiques et, spécialement, sur la base d'une description rigoureuse des aménagements, du tri de près de 28 000 pièces métallurgiques - objets et scories - et de l'analyse archéométrique de 169 d'entre elles. L'ouvrage se structure autour des trois grandes activités qui se dégagent de la chaîne opératoire de la métallurgie du fer directe : la production du matériau fer (la réduction directe du minerai), la fabrication des objets (forgeage) et le commerce du matériau fer sous une forme semi-finie (la circulation des demi-produits). Ainsi, à travers l'évolution de ces trois types d'activités économiques, il met en évidence les choix et les comportements qui ont été adoptés pour un même exercice, des cadres antiques à l'orée de la réforme carolingienne pour, finalement, contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l'économie et de la société entre l'époque romaine et le début du Moyen Âge en Gaule du Sud.
Published: 2010

25. Le Massif Central, approches iconographiques et archéologiques. Une mise au point à propos des matériaux de couverture. Les réalités médiévales documentées

Author: Phalip, Bruno, Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' (CHEC), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre européen d'archéométrie, université de Liège, Belgique, UMR 5594 Artehis, Centre d'Etudes Médiévales d'Auxerre, and PHALIP, Bruno
Subjects: Massif Central, Moyen Âge, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, pente de toiture, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, comble, couverture, couverture sur voûte, [SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management
Abstract: International audience; Si les charpentes sont maintenant considérées par la recherche, les matériaux de couverture constituent encore un parent pauvre. Les diocèses du Massif Central constituent ici un bel exemple de diversité: tuiles creuses, tegula imbrices, chaume... Les pentes de toiture sont également prises en compte.
Published: 2008

26. Archéologie des tombeaux des grands sanctuaires de Gaule aux Ve-Vie siècles : état des recherches et réflexions

Author: Sapin, Christian, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, and Université de Liège
Subjects: Religion et culture, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History
Abstract: Alain Dubreucq, Christian Lauranson-Rosaz et Bernard Sanial; International audience
Published: 2007

27. L’archéologie des enduits peints : des fragments en fouille à l’étude stratigraphique in situ

Author: Emmanuelle Boissard, Archéométrie et archéologie : Origine, Datation et Technologies des matériaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Centre européen d’Archéométrie – Université de Liège, Centre wallon d’Archéologie du Bâti – Institut du Patrimoine wallon, Sophie Denoël, and Boissard, Emmanuelle
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2006

28. Jean Hubert et l'archéologie des monuments, jalons d'hier pour la recherche d'aujourd'hui

Author: Sapin, Christian, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, and Université de Liège
Subjects: Archéologie, de l'architecture, Le genre historiographique et la pratique de l'historien, Histoire des arts, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2006

29. Vouneuil et les stucs de l'Antiquité tardive

Author: Sapin, Christian, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, and Université de Liège
Subjects: Religion et culture, Techniques et savoirs pratiques, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History
Abstract: Christian Sapin; International audience
Published: 2006

30. La Bourgogne romane

Author: Sapin, Christian, Berry, Walter, Arnaud, Chantal, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, and Association pour les Fouilles Archéologiques Nationales (AFAN)
Subjects: Architecture, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2006

31. Stucs et décors de la fin de l'Antiquité au Moyen-Age (Ve-XIIe siècle)

Author: Sapin, Christian, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, and Université de Liège
Subjects: Religion et culture, Techniques et savoirs pratiques, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History
Abstract: Publication Title: Actes du colloque international tenu à Poitiers du 16 au 19 septembre 2004; International audience
Published: 2006

32. Note sur l'étude dendrochronologique de la charpente de Notre-Dame de Paris

Author: Georges-Noël Lambert, Patrick Hoffsummer, Vincent BERNARD, Virginie Chevrier, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience

33. Utilisation et technique de production du fer et du bois dans les charpentes de comble mosanes : premiers jalons d'une évolution du XIIe au XVIIIe siècle

Author: Christophe Maggi, Anne Mertens, Gaspard Pagès, Philippe Hoffsummer, Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Service Interdisciplinaire sur les Systèmes Moléculaires et les Matériaux (ex SCM) (SIS2M UMR 3299), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Archeology, Timber frame, Dendrochronology, Moyen Age, archéométallurgie, Belgique, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Dendrochronologie, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, Archéométallurgie, timber frame, 050905 science studies, procédés direct et indirect de production du fer, fer, Middle Age, iron, direct and indirect iron process, Belgium, archaeometallurgy, 0509 other social sciences, Archaeometallurgy, 050703 geography, Charpente, bois de construction
Abstract: International audience; The development of a comparative approach between the evaluation of the quantity of timber used in a roof frame and the volume of wood present in this same attic allows the acquisition of information about the economical, technical and social contexts in which a timber frame was drawn up. By carrying out this kind of comparison in a systematic way in twenty-tree religious mosan buildings (Belgium and Netherlands), it's possible to trace, step by step, thanks to dendrochronologic dating of the attics since 12th until 18thcentury, the causes and consequences which influence the methods of constructions of the carpenters. In parallel, the confrontation of this result with the volumes of iron used in the attics reveals the growing importance of this material in function of the time and of the architectural principles. This part of the study was enriched by archeometallurgic analyses intended to identify the process of reduction employed to produce this metal with the aim to measure the possible influence of iron process innovations on the use of iron in the medieval and modern frames, knowing that Wallonia knew from the end of the Middle Ages the early development of the indirect iron process instead of the direct iron process.; Le développement d'une approche comparative entre l'évaluation de la quantité de grumes mises en œuvre dans une charpente de comble et le volume de bois présent dans ce même comble, permet l'acquisition d'informations relatives aux contextes économique, technique et social dans lesquels le chantier a été conduit. En réalisant ce type de comparaison de façon systématique dans vingt-trois édifices religieux mosans (Belgique et Pays-Bas), il est possible de retracer, étape par étape, grâce aux datations dendrochronologiques des charpentes du XIIe au XVIIIe siècle, les causes et les moteurs ayant influencé les modes de construction des charpentiers. En parallèle, la confrontation de ces enseignements avec les volumes de fer utilisés dans les combles rend compte de la prise d'importance de ce matériau au fil du temps et de l'évolution des principes architecturaux. Ce volet de l'étude a été enrichi d'analyses archéométallurgiques destinées à déterminer le mode de réduction employé pour produire ces éléments métalliques afin de mesurer l'éventuelle influence d'innovations sidérurgiques sur l'emploi du fer dans les charpentes médiévales et modernes, sachant que la Wallonie a connu, à partir de la fin du Moyen Age, le développement précoce de la métallurgie du fer indirecte (métallurgie moderne) en lieu et place de la métallurgie du fer directe (métallurgie ancienne).

34. Cristallographie et pigments anciens : au-delà des pics de Bragg…

Author: Pauline Martinetto, Sophie Cersoy, Bordet, P., Jean-Louis Hodeau, Louise Samain, Elsa van Elslande, Philippe Walter, Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, University of Liège, Université de Liège, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience

35. The Glass Tiles from Saint-Sauveur ( Burgundy, France)

Author: Wersch, L., Bernard GRATUZE, François Mathis, Marie Bonnin, David Strivay, Da Mota, H., Christian Sapin, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre Européen d'Archéométrie, Université de Liège, Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), and Desbois-Garcia, Sophie
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Glass analysis, [SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management
Abstract: International audience; Eight glass tiles from Saint-Sauveur in Burgundy, which are considered to be of early medieval date, were investigated. These tiles, which are in a good state of preservation, are 10 centimeters square and nearly two centimeters thick. They are made of dark glass with red and white glass inlays. These glass tiles have often been compared with those from the early medieval monastery of Corvey in Germany. However, because they lack an archaeological context, their date is uncertain.PIXE-PIGE and LA-ICP-MS analyses revealed a wood-ash glass composition, close to that of High Lime Low Alkali (HLLA) glass dating from the 14th century and later. The authors’ trace analyses confirm the more recent dating because the elements associated with cobalt reveal sources used only from the 16th century.

36. Hidden mysteries in ancient Egyptian paintings from the Theban Necropolis observed by in-situ XRF mapping.

Author: Martinez P, Alfeld M, Defeyt C, Elleithy H, Glanville H, Hartwig M, Hocquet FP, Jaber M, Martinetto P, Strivay D, and Walter P
Subjects: Egypt, Paint, Archaeology, Head, Paintings
Abstract: The material study of ancient Egyptian paintings began with the advent of Egyptology during the 19th century. By the 1930s, a lot had already been sampled and described. The limited palette for example has been analysed from actual painted surfaces but also from pigments and painting tools retrieved on site. However, most of these studies took place in museums while the painted surfaces, preserved in funerary chapels and temples, remained somewhat estranged from this primary physical understanding. The artistic process has been also reconstructed, mainly from the information presented by unfinished monuments, showing surfaces at different stages of completion. A lot of this modern and theoretical reconstruction is, however, based on the usual archaeological guessing game that aims at filling the remaining blanks. Our interdisciplinary project has decided to experiment on-site with state-of-the-art portable analysis tools, avoiding any physical sampling, to see if our knowledge of the work of the ancient Egyptian painters and draughtsmen could be taken at a further stage, while based on physical quantification that could be seen as a stronger and more reliable foundation for a redefined scientific hypothesis. The use of XRF mapping has, for instance, been applied to a known case of correction by surface repaint, something that is supposedly rare in the ancient Egyptian formal artistic process, while another fully unexpected one was discovered during the analytic exploration of a royal representation. In both cases, the precise and readable imaging of the physical composition of the painted surface offers a renewed visual approach based of chemistry, that can be shared through a multi- and interdisciplinary approach. However, this also leads to a more complex description of pigment mixtures that could have multiple meanings, where the practical often leads towards the symbolic, and from there hopefully to a renewed definition of the use of colours in complex sets of ancient Egyptian representations. At this stage, though the progress in this on-site material assessment of ancient works of art definitely means astonishing progress, one humbly has to face the fact that these ancient treasures shall still retain part of their defining mysteries., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Martinez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2023
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37. Synthesis and fading of eighteenth-century Prussian blue pigments: a combined study by spectroscopic and diffractive techniques using laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources.

Author: Samain L, Grandjean F, Long GJ, Martinetto P, Bordet P, Sanyova J, and Strivay D
Subjects: Colorimetry instrumentation, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Ferrocyanides analysis, Ferrocyanides chemistry, Materials Testing instrumentation, Paint analysis, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission instrumentation, Synchrotrons instrumentation, X-Ray Diffraction instrumentation
Abstract: Prussian blue, a hydrated iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) complex, is a synthetic pigment discovered in Berlin in 1704. Because of both its highly intense color and its low cost, Prussian blue was widely used as a pigment in paintings until the 1970s. The early preparative methods were rapidly recognized as a contributory factor in the fading of the pigment, a fading already known by the mid-eighteenth century. Herein two typical eighteenth-century empirical recipes have been reproduced and the resulting pigment analyzed to better understand the reasons for this fading. X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that the early syntheses lead to Prussian blue together with variable amounts of an undesirable iron(III) product. Pair distribution functional analysis confirmed the presence of nanocrystalline ferrihydrite, Fe10O14(OH)2, and also identified the presence of alumina hydrate, Al10O14(OH)2, with a particle size of ∼15 Å. Paint layers prepared from these pigments subjected to accelerated light exposure showed a tendency to turn green, a tendency that was often reported in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century books. The presence of particles of hydrous iron(III) oxides was also observed in a genuine eighteenth-century Prussian blue sample obtained from a polychrome sculpture.
Published: 2013
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38. Elemental 2D imaging of paintings with a mobile EDXRF system.

Author: Hocquet FP, Calvo del Castillo H, Cervera Xicotencatl A, Bourgeois C, Oger C, Marchal A, Clar M, Rakkaa S, Micha E, and Strivay D
Abstract: Imaging techniques are now used commonly and intensively in cultural heritage object analysis. Nowadays, many different techniques in nature as well as many applications exist, where they can be applied. X-ray radiography and infrared reflectography as well as UV photography are some of the most applied techniques. The study of works of art usually requires these techniques to be non-invasive. Furthermore, they are frequently required to perform in situ analysis. A few years ago, our laboratory developed a mobile energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and UV-vis-NIR coupled spectrometer, especially designed for fieldwork studies, where all three techniques can be applied strictly at the same site of analysis. Recent developments on a new positioning system have now allowed us to perform 2D elemental mappings with our equipment, which is especially well adapted to painting analysis. The system control is carried out entirely through a laptop computer running a dedicated homemade software. The positioning is achieved by means of a CCD camera embedded in the system and controlled via a Wi-Fi connection through the computer. The data acquisition system, which is made through a homemade multichannel pulse height analyzer, being also managed via the software mentioned above, goes through an Ethernet connection. We will present here the new developments of the system and an example of in situ 2D elemental mapping applied on an anonymous oil painting on wood panel. The discovery of a hidden painting under this oil painting makes it a good choice for a first example of 2D large scan with a mobile instrument.
Published: 2011
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38 results on '"Centre Européen d'Archéométrie"'

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