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This study was conducted to analyse reaction time, psychomotor speed and concentration parameters in individuals who had previously been infected with COVID-19 and to compare these parameters with those of the control group. The study recruited 56 individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19 with PCR and 56 healthy individuals. COVID-19-related information and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were recorded. Light Trainer Exercises System (Model LTV2, Turkiye, 2017) was used for the evaluation of reaction time, while the d2 attention test was used for the evaluation of concentration performance. Psychomotor speed percentage (p [Med-Science 2024; 13(3.000): 751-7]

Aim:Generally, urodynamic-pressure flow study (U-PFS) is performed on patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for verifying the diagnosis and evaluating the rate of response for treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the results of the U-PFS of patients according to the etiology of neurological disorders.Materials and Methods:The data of 2,489 patients who underwent U-PFS in our clinic between 2010-2022 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 535 patients with LUTS and neurogenic disorder were included in the study. Patients were divided into subgroups according to their diagnosis. The patient’s age, gender, and U-PFS data (sensation of first urine, maximum cystometric capacity (MSC), maximum detrusor pressures in the filling phase, presence of urgency, and bladder compliance status) were evaluated and compared according to neurological disorders.Results:Cervical and lumbar disc disorder was found in 204 (38.1%) patients, multiple sclerosis (MS) in 103 (19.2%), and cerebrovascular incidents in 74 (13.8%) patients (SVI), spinal cord injury in 48 (8.9%), polyneuropathy in 43 (8.0%), Parkinson’s disease (PD) in 30 (5.6%), diabetic neuropathy in 18 (3.4%), and operated spine bifida (oSB) in 15 (2.8%) was detected. Detrusor pressures in the filling phase were compared according to neurological disorders, and detrusor pressures were statistically significantly higher in patients with oSB and PD (52.66±40.78 mmHg; 45.30±34.43 mmHg, respectively; p

IntroductionPeyronie's disease (PD) is a common urologic illness, motivating numerous scientific investigations and publications. Scientific publications have more authors each year. A bibliometric review of the PD literature might help urologists and sexual medicine professionals comprehend publication tendencies in this subject. The current study was aimed at presenting a bibliometric analysis of PD, which is one of the important and trending subjects of andrology.MethodsOn January 5, 2023, Web of Science scanned documents with the terms Peyronie's disease” “Peyronie's disease treatment”, “Peyronie's disease management”, “Peyronie's disease surgery” and “Peyronie's disease injection” from 1975 through 2023. Titles, years, authors, citations, citation indices, journal names, authors' countries of origin, article categories, and funding sources were recorded.Results“Clinical Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum for the Treatment of Peyronie Disease in 2 Large Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Phase 3 Studies” has the most citations and citation index. Most of the T100 articles were published in 2020, primarily in the Journal of Urology. These articles mainly focused on treatment, especially surgeries. All of these articles were in English, and the vast majority of them were by authors from the US who were most frequently collaborated with by other authors.ConclusionThis research analyzed the top 100 PD studies. This research focused on pathophysiology, innovative surgical procedures, and new approaches of PD. It also recommended bigger databases and more financing for research.

Çalışmanın amacı turist rehberi performansının turist memnuniyeti ve destinasyon sadakati üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Bunun yanı sıra, demografik özelliklerden araştırmaya katılanların konaklamalarına ilişkin veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada nicel araştırma yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın evrenini rehberli turlara katılan turistler, örneklemini ise Karabük ili Safranbolu ilçesini rehberli turla ziyaret eden Uzak Doğulu turistler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma amacı doğrultusunda Safranbolu’yu ziyaret eden 405 Uzak Doğulu turistle anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiş, veriler SPSS İstatistik Paket Programında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, faktör analizleri, güvenilirlik analizleri ve regresyon analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Turist rehberi performansının turist memnuniyeti ve destinasyon sadakati üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Turist rehberi performansına ait alt boyutlar içinden turist memnuniyetini en çok etkileyen boyutların turist rehberlerinin etkinlikleri tanıtma becerileri ile problem çözme becerileri olduğu bilgileri elde edilmiş ve destinasyon sadakatini en çok etkileyen boyutların da iş ve iletişim becerileri ve etkinlikleri tanıtma becerileri olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Objective:We reported the results of retrograde intrarenal surgeries (RIRS) according to multi-center experience and to assess the efficacy and safety of this procedure.Materials and Methods:A total of 1067 patients to whom RIRS operations were performed between 2016 and 2021 were included in the study. The demographic and clinical features of patients, stone properties, per-operative, and post-operative results were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, the success and complication rates of RIRS according to the clinical and demographic properties of the patients were analyzed.Results:The mean age, stone volume, operation time, and hospitalization time were 46.8±15.4, 1011 mm3 (min 19 mm3- max 12.483 mm3), 67.4±30.8 min, and 1.83±2.3 days, respectively. The stone-free (success) rate after RIRS was 74.5%. In multivariate analysis, pre-op pyuria, number of stones, and stone volume had a significant effect on success. There were 251 (23.5%) patients with post-operative complications. The most common complications were hematuria, fever, and urinary tract infections; they comprised 86.8% of all complications. The number of stones, pre-op ESL, and absence of pre-operative DJ stent had a significant effect on complications in multivariate analysis.Conclusion:Retrograde intrarenal surgery is an efficient minimal invasive procedure for treating urinary system stone disease with low morbidity and high success rates. Although the complication rates are mostly insignificant, there may also be severe vital complications.

Purpose: Postoperative fever (POF)/urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most unpleasant and undesirable conditions for surgeons after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). RIRS is not recommended for any patient with a positive urine culture to avoid POF and UTI, but some patients may develop postoperative UTI even if the urine culture is sterile. This study investigated the predictive factors of fever and UTIs after RIRS. Methods: In total, 1240 patients who underwent RIRS for proximal ureteral stones and/or kidney stones were analyzed. After case-control matching, 168 patients were included in the study. Demographic data, preoperative/peroperative/postoperative data, and hematological parameters were compared. Patients with sterile urine cultures were included in the study. Postoperative fever was defined as fever ≥ 38 °C within 72 h after RIRS. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and without POF/UTI. Demographic data, preoperative and postoperative findings, and inflammatory parameters of the patients were compared retrospectively. Results: POF/UTI was observed in 61 (36.3%) of 168 patients who underwent RIRS. After case-control matching, increased body mass index (BMI) and longer operation time were found to be significant predictors of POF/UTI (p = 0.001 and 0.016 respectively). Preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (PxN/L), high Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and urine leukocyte positivity were found to be significant predictors of POF/UTI (p = 0.037, 0.025 and 0.038 respectively). Conclusion: Hematological parameters are simple and feasible to use to evaluate POF/UTI in patients undergoing RIRS. High SII and PLR may predict POF and early infection after RIRS. In addition, according to demographic data and per-operative status, high BMI and prolonged operation time are risk factors for infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the predictive effects of stone size and volume on the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and to determine the cutoff values of stone volume for prediction of RIRS efficacy and safety. Methods: Patients who underwent RIRS between 2017 and 2021 in six referral centers were retrospectively included in the study. The database of the RIRsearch group, which was formed prospectively, was used for this retrospective analysis. The surgical results and complications of RIRS were evaluated according to stone size and stone volume and compared between these groups. Results: A total of 1128 patients were included. Operation time, intraoperative complication rate, and postoperative complication rate increased significantly as stone size and stone volume increased (P <.05). Stone size and volume were significant indicators for stone-free rates, but pairwise comparison showed that stone volume was a significantly better predictor of surgical success compared with stone size (P <.001). Stone size was not sufficient to predict postoperative complications, whereas stone volume predicted these complications with low performance. Conclusions: Stone volume was a better predictor for surgical success than stone size, and it was as reliable as stone size in predicting postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality and comprehensibility of answers produced by five distinct artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots—GPT-4, Claude, Mistral, Google PaLM, and Grok—in response to the most frequently searched questions about kidney stones (KS). Materials and Methods: Google Trends facilitated the identification of pertinent terms related to KS. Each AI chatbot was provided with a unique sequence of 25 commonly searched phrases as input. The responses were assessed using DISCERN, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P), the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) criteria. Results: The three most frequently searched terms were "stone in kidney," "kidney stone pain," and "kidney pain." Nepal, India, and Trinidad and Tobago were the countries that performed the most searches in KS. None of the AI chatbots attained the requisite level of comprehensibility. Grok demonstrated the highest FKRE (55.6 ± 7.1) and lowest FKGL (10.0 ± 1.1) ratings (p = 0.001), whereas Claude outperformed the other chatbots in its DISCERN scores (47.6 ± 1.2) (p = 0.001). PEMAT-P understandability was the lowest in GPT-4 (53.2 ± 2.0), and actionability was the highest in Claude (61.8 ± 3.5) (p = 0.001). Conclusion: GPT-4 had the most complex language structure of the five chatbots, making it the most difficult to read and comprehend, whereas Grok was the simplest. Claude had the best KS text quality. Chatbot technology can improve healthcare material and make it easier to grasp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to analyse reaction time, psychomotor speed and concentration parameters in individuals who had previously been infected with COVID-19 and to compare these parameters with those of the control group. The study recruited 56 individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19 with PCR and 56 healthy individuals. COVID-19-related information and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were recorded. Light Trainer Exercises System (Model LTV2, Türkiye, 2017) was used for the evaluation of reaction time, while the d2 attention test was used for the evaluation of concentration performance. Psychomotor speed percentage (p<0.05) and achievement score percentage (p<0.05) of individuals who had COVID-19 were found to be statistically significantly lower than those of the control group. In terms of reaction time performance, when compared with the control group, upper extremity reaction time (p<0.001) and lower extremity reaction time (p<0.001) values were found to be statistically significantly longer in the COVID-19 group. The results showed that when compared with the control group with the same age group, the participants between the ages of 18 and 26 who had previously been infected with COVID-19 were negatively affected in terms of reaction time and psychomotor speed parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Trans-obturator tape (TOT) and tension free vaginal tape (TVT) operations are standard mid urethral sling surgeries used in stress type urinary incontinence (STUI) treatment. We aimed to evaluate the clinical success, complications and long-term efficacy / reliability of TOT / TVT surgeries.Materials and Methods: A total of 79 patients who underwent middle urethral sling (TOT and TVT) operation by a single surgeon under spinal anesthesia between 2011-2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Pre-operative anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory evaluation and urodynamic examinations of the patients were analysed. Surgical success, per-operative complications, post-operative early and late complications were evaluated.Results: Trans-obturator tape and TVT surgery was performed in 41 (51.9%) and 38 (48.1%) patients respectively. The average age of the patients was 54.5 ± 9.5 years and the mean follow-up period was 55.4 (min 2.9-max 113.7) months. It was observed that STUI symptoms disappeared completely in 77 patients (97.5%) after surgery, while STUI symptoms continued in 2 (2.5%) patients with TVT. De-novo urgency incontinence was observed in 4 (5%) TVT patients and 5 (6.3%) TOT patients at post-operative period.Conclusion: Mid-urethral sling operations (TOT and TVT surgeries) are the treatment options with high success rates in STUI treatment. Although complication rates were higher in TVT operation compared to TOT surgery, after long-term follow-up, it was found that both operations were effective and reliable.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate possible factors predicting stone-free status at retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stones.Materials and Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was performed using data from 513 patients treated between February 2016 and January 2020 at four referral centers in Turkey. The patients were divided into two groups whether they had no residual stone over 3 mm (Group 1) or had residual stones (Group 2). Pre and peroperative parameters were compared in both groups (Table 1). Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to identify any factors affecting the stone-free rate (Table 2).Results: Overall stone-free rate was 88.5% (454/513). Lower calyx stones and multipl stones were significantly higher in Group 2 (p=0.006, p=0.02, respectively). Also access sheathless procedure rate was significantly higher and the basket catheter useage rate was significantly lower in Group 2 (p=0.04, p

Aim:Histopathological classification is one of the main prognostic factors for non-muscle invasive bladder tumors (NMIBT). We evaluated the relationship between tumor progression and the ratio of high-grade differentiation plus other routine pathological parameters in NMIBT.Materials and Methods:Ninety-two patients diagnosed with high grade NIMBT were analyzed between 2010-2018. Demographic information, tumor size, localization, multicentricity, and recurrence/progression situation were evaluated retrospectively. The high/low grade percentage ratio of tumor cells, tumor stage, differentiation, necrosis, lamina-propria invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and carcinoma in-situ presence were also examined by two uro-pathologist. The effect on tumor progression was evaluated with pathological findings.Results:Seventy-four (80.4%) of the patients were reported as T1 and 18 (19.6%) as Ta. The mean ratio of high-grade findings was 11.9±8.5% and 69.5±28.1% for Ta and T1 patients, respectively(p25%, >50% and >75% was found to be 67(72.8%), 54(58.7%) and 43(46.7%), respectively. The high-grade ratio for >25% was in only 1 Ta patient while it was in 66 of the T1 patients(p75%(p50%(p=0.025).Conclusion:When evaluating the nuclear grade, defining tumors solely as high-grade leads to stratifying a highly heterogeneous population in a single group. Higher rate of progression is observed in NIMBT patients with high-grade ratio >50%.

Culture encompasses a society's morals, beliefs, lifestyles, and all values related to that society. From this perspective, every society is curious about and interested in its own culture as well as the cultures of others. Particularly, the transmission of culture from generation to generation highlights its heritage value and contributes to its increasing importance. Due to this significance, cultural heritage has become a concept of great emphasis in recent years. The purpose of this research is to determine the awareness and experience levels of teachers regarding the cultural heritage elements in Karabük. For this purpose, data were collected from 390 teachers using a survey technique, one of the quantitative research methods. According to the main results of the research, while teachers' awareness of cultural heritage does not vary according to gender, age, and marital status, it was found that they assess cultural heritage awareness differently in terms of the duration of their residence. On the other hand, another result revealed that teachers evaluate their experience of cultural heritage differently based on their age, marital status, the type of school they work in, and the duration of their residence in that place, while no such difference was observed based on gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most prevalent sexual dysfunction in men, and like many diseases and conditions, patients use Internet sources like ChatGPT, which is a popular artificial intelligence–based language model, for queries about this andrological disorder. Aim The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality, readability, and understanding of texts produced by ChatGPT in response to frequently requested inquiries on PE. Methods In this study we used Google Trends to identify the most frequently searched phrases related to PE. Subsequently, the discovered keywords were methodically entered into ChatGPT, and the resulting replies were assessed for quality using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) program. The produced texts were assessed for readability using the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), and DISCERN metrics. Outcomes This investigation has identified substantial concerns about the quality of texts produced by ChatGPT, highlighting severe problems with reading and understanding. Results The mean EQIP score for the texts was determined to be 45.93 ± 4.34, while the FRES was 15.8 ± 8.73. Additionally, the FKGL score was computed to be 15.68 ± 1.67 and the DISCERN score was 38.1 ± 3.78. The comparatively low average EQIP and DISCERN scores suggest that improvements are required to increase the quality and dependability of the presented information. In addition, the FKGL scores indicate a significant degree of linguistic intricacy, requiring a level of knowledge comparable to about 14 to 15 years of formal schooling in order to understand. The texts about treatment, which are the most frequently searched items, are more difficult to understand compared to other texts about other categories. Clinical Implications The results of this research suggest that compared to texts on other topics the PE texts produced by ChatGPT exhibit a higher degree of complexity, which exceeds the recommended reading threshold for effective health communication. Currently, ChatGPT is cannot be considered a substitute for comprehensive medical consultations. Strengths and Limitations This study is to our knowledge the first reported research investigating the quality and comprehensibility of information generated by ChatGPT in relation to frequently requested queries about PE. The main limitation is that the investigation included only the first 25 popular keywords in English. Conclusion ChatGPT is incapable of replacing the need for thorough medical consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sosyalsorumluluk faaliyetleri gerçekleştiren otel işletmelerinin, turist açısındandaha olumlu algılandığı ve turistlerin satın alma kararlarında bu faaliyetlerinbelirleyici olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın amacı, otelişletmelerinde uygulanan sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetlerinin turistlerin satınalma niyeti üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, İstanbul’daki beşyıldızlı otel işletmelerinde konaklayan 500 turiste anket uygulanmıştır. Eldeedilen bulgulara göre, sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetlerini oluşturan; gönüllü,etik ve yasal sorumlulukların, turistlerin satın alma niyeti üzerinde pozitifetkileri olduğu; ekonomik sorumluluğun iseanlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre; otelişletmelerinin başta gönüllü sorumluluk olmak üzere, etik ve yasal sorumlulukfaaliyetleri gerçekleştirmesi önerilmektedir.

Objective:Surgery is the gold standard therapy method in renal tumors. Renal tumor surgery can be performed as open radical nephrectomy, open partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this research, it was aimed to evaluate the renal tumor surgery techniques in our clinic and the oncologic data obtained from the patients.Material and Method:A total of 92 patients with a radiologically proven renal mass were underwent surgery between July 2011 and January 2018. The clinical, oncological and pathological results of these patients are evaluated according to their surgical approach retrospectively. The obtained data were evaluated according to the surgical technique.Results:The patients who have renal mass underwent partial nephrectomy (n:39), radical nephrectomy (n:38), laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (n:14) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy( n:1). The most common pathologic tumor type is clear cell carcinoma (n: 56), the most common T stage is T1b (n: 39) and the most common tumor grade is Fuhrman grade 2 (n:34). Average tumor mass size of open partial nephrectomy patients are 3,3±1,8 cm, significantly smaller than the radical surgeries (p0,05).Conclusion:Surgery is still the best type of oncological treatment in renal tumors. Partial and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has similar oncologic results with open radical nephrectomy in selected cases. Kidney tumor surgery results in our clinic have similar characteristics with the literature.