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Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı akut tip A aort disseksiyonu olgularında, nötrofil-lenfosit oranı (NLR), trombosit-lenfosit oranı (PLR) ve ortalama trombosit hacminin (MPV) mortalite üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Materyal ve metod: Ocak 2013 ile Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında Adıyaman Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde akut tip A aort disseksiyonu tanısı ile opere edilen hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastalar taburcu olanlar (Grup I) ve eksitus ile sonuçlanan (Grup II) olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı. Hastaların demografik verileri, preoperatif kan testleri, operasyon süreleri ve mortalite durumu kaydedildi. Preoperatif olarak alınmış olan kan örneklerinde NLR, PLR ve MPV değerleri hesaplanarak kaydedildi. Bulunan veriler gruplar arasında kıyaslanarak verilerin mortalite ile ilişkisi incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmadaki hastaların 23’ü erkek 9’u kadındı. Hastaların 22’si şifa ile taburcu olurken 10 hasta mortalite ile sonuçlanmıştır. EF, CRP ve kardiyopulmoner by-pass sürelerinde eksitus grubunda anlamlı farklılık bulundu (p0.05). Sonuç: MPV, NLR ve PLR’nin akut tip A aort dissekiyonunda mortaliteyi tahmin etmede etkisi gösterilemedi.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada; ülkemizde 2014’te çıkarılan kanun hükmünde kararname ile beyin ölümü tanısı koyacak hekim sayısının dört’ten iki’ye düşürülmesi beyin ölümü (BÖ) tanı süresini kısaltıp kısaltmayacağını inceleyerek literatüre katkı sağlamayı amaçlandık. Materyal ve metod: 2008-2018 yılları arasında beyin ölümü tanısıyla yatan hastaların arşiv kayıtları taranarak; cinsiyet, yaş, BÖ sürecine götüren tanıları, hastane yatış süreleri, yatış zamanı ile beyin ölümü tanısı konana kadar gecen süre ve glaskow koma skoru (GKS) 3 ile BÖ tanısı arasındaki süreler kayıt altına alındı. Hastalar 2008 -2013 yıları arasında alınanlar Grup A ve 2014-2018 yıları arasında alınanlar Grup B olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın örneklemi yaşları 1 ile 89 arasında değişen (Ort=53,9±22,7) 74’ü (% 59,7) erkek, 50’si (%40,3) kadın olmak üzere 124 vakadan oluşturuldu. Grup A 30 hasta, Grup B 94 hastadan oluşmaktadır. Yatış zamanı ile beyin ölümü tanısı konana kadar gecen süre Grup A’da 7.4±2,1 gün ve Grup B’de 6.1±3,6 gün ve GKS-3 ile BÖ tanısı arasındaki sure Grup A’da 57,7±20,3 ve Grup B’da 40.6±17.6 ortalama (saat) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sıra ile (p< 0.016), (p

The aim of the current study was to investigate the pharmacological activity of glabridin on the isolated human saphenous vein (SV) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Samples of patients' SVs were removed during bypass surgery, and 4-mm lengths of the vessels were placed in Krebs solution at +4°C and hung in an isolated organ bath to assess their contraction/relaxation responses. The contraction/relaxation responses were recorded to observe if the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway mediates the relaxant effect of glabridin after treatment with blockers like ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor), KT5823 (a PKG inhibitor), isobutylmethylxanthine [IBMX, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor], and cantharidin [Cant, a myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) inhibitor]. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO), cGMP, and PKG levels in SV tissues were determined by ELISA after incubation with glabridin, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-Name, a NO synthetase inhibitor), phenylephrine (PE), ODQ, IBMX, and KT5823. The results showed that glabridin relaxed the vascular smooth muscle of human SV pretreated with PE in a dose-dependent manner, which was independent of the endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of glabridin was only inhibited by iberiotoxin (IbTX), Cant, and KT5823. Glabridin increased cGMP and PKG levels in SV homogenates, whereas it did not alter the NO level. The enhancing effects of cGMP and PKG levels by glabridin were abolished by ODQ and KT5823. In conclusion, glabridin has a vasorelaxant effect, which is associated with the activation of BKCa channels and inhibition of PDE.

Aim: Stripping/ligation (S/L) is the gold standard method used in the treatment of varicose veins. Saphenous vein ablation with cyanoacrylate (CA) is a new minimally invasive treatment method that forces this throne. Our aim is to compare these two methods in terms of patient satisfaction.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, voluntary patients who had superficial venous insufficiency and varicose vein were divided into two groups as S/L and CA. CEAP (Clinical-Etiologic-Anatomic-Pathophysiologic-clinical score) and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale ) were evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th postoperative days and at the outpatient follow-up visits 1 year later. SF-36 (Short Form-36) questionnaire was applied at the first month. VCSS (Venous Clinical Severity Score) of patients were compared at 6 months after surgery. Control, color doppler ultrasonography was performed on patients with recurrent varicose veins or those who were symptomatic. SPSS 22.0 program was used for data analysis.Results: The preoperative and postoperative VCSS scores were lower in the CA group than in the S/L group (P, Amaç: Sıyırma/ligasyon (S/L), varisli damarların tedavisinde kullanılan altın standart yöntemdir. Siyanoakrilat (CA) ile safen ven ablasyonu, bu tahtı zorlayan yeni minimal invaziv bir tedavi yöntemidir. Amacımız bu iki yöntemi hasta memnuniyeti noktasında karşılaştırmaktır.Yöntemler: Bu makale kesitsel bir çalışma olarak tasarlandı. Gönüllü yüzeysel venöz yetmezliği ve varisi olan hastalar, S/L ve CA grubu şeklinde ikiye ayrıldı. CEAP (Klinik-Etiyolojik-Anatomik-Patofizyolojik-klinik skor) ve VAS (vizüel ağrı skalası) 1. gün, 3. gün, 7. gün, 14. gün, 30. gün ve poliklinik takip ziyaretlerinde 1 yıl sonra değerlendirildi. Bir ay sonra SF-36 (Kısa Form-36) anketi uygulandı. Hastaların ameliyat sonrasi 6. ayda VCSS (Venöz Klinik Şiddet Skor) karşılaştırıldı. Tekrarlayan varisli veya semptomatik hastalarda kontrol renkli doppler ultrasonografi yapıldı. Veri analizi için SPSS 22.0 programı kullanıldı.Bulgular: CA grubunda ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat sonrası VCSS, S/L grubuna göre anlamlı olarak düşüktü (P

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız, malignite tanısı ile port kateter implante edilen hastaları retrospektif olarak incelemek ve deneyimlerimizi paylaşmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Ağustos 2012-Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında Adıyaman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Kliniğinde malignensi tanısıyla port kateteri takılan hastalar çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Toplam 231 hasta (97 kadın, 134 erkek) retrospektif olarak, hastane veri kayıt sisteminden incelenerek verileri (demografik veri, venöz erişim yolu, teknik ve komplikasyonlar) toplandı.Bulgular: Yapılan dosya taramasında hastaların en geç 2 gün sonra kateterden kemoterapi aldıkları tespit edildi. Postoperatif takiplerde; 7 hastamızda kateter trombozu, 1 hastamızda kateter enfeksiyonu, 4 hastamızda kateter tünel bölgesinde hematom, 40 hastamızda ciltte ekimoz oluştuğu ve obez 1 hastamızda rezervuarın ters döndüğü tespit edildi. Subkutan yağ dokusu zayıf olan bir hastamızda ise rezervuarın cildi erode ederek cilt nekrozu oluşturduğu görüldü.Sonuç: Subkutan venöz port kateteri kanser hastalarında etkin ve güvenilir bir venöz erişim yoludur. Uygun teknik ve tecrübeli ellerle yapıldığı taktirde minimal komplikasyon ve uzun süreli bir venöz erişim yolu sağlar.

Background/Aim: Cuffed-tunneled catheter patients encounter various problems during their catheterization period. Early detection and resolution of these problems prolong the life of the catheter. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the problems and solution methods of cuffed-tunneled catheters in hemodialysis patients during their use in light of our experience and literature. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Twenty-four months of patient data who had a diagnosis of renal failure and who received cuffed-tunneled hemodialysis catheters between January 2013 and June 21 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine were analyzed electronically based on the hospital data recording system. The demographic characteristics, localization of the inserted catheter, and duration of catheter use were determined. Primary and secondary patency ratios were calculated and recorded along with the complications in the patients and our treatment approaches to these complications. Finally, the collected data were discussed with reference to the literature data. Results: The data from 322 cuffed-tunneled catheters were collected in a total of 228 patients during the observation period. It was found that no revision procedure was applied to 73 patients (catheter) during the 24-month period, and a total of 204 revision procedures were applied to 155 patients. The revision procedure consisted of 110 thrombolytic treatments, 64 vein exchanges, 18 tunnel changes, and 12 catheter changes. Primary and secondary patency ratios at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were calculated as 90.79%, 63.60%, 40.11%, and 32.02% and 96.05%, 89.91%, 72.37%, and 58.33%, respectively. The most common factors that affected primary and secondary patency ratios were determined to be gender (P

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Plasma atherogenic index (AIP) and plasma osmolality (PO) values on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) patency in patients with chronic renal failure. Methods: The patients with primary AVF between December 2012 and March 2020 with the diagnosis of end-stage renal disease in our clinic were included in the study. The patient data were collected retrospectively in digital medium. Diabetic patients were not included in the study. The Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), sodium (Na), fasting blood glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values were found and recorded from the files. AIP and PO were calculated with special formulas. Fistula patency rate in 6th, 12th, and 24th months were evaluated in 2-year follow-ups. Results: According to the results of two-year follow-ups of the 162 patients, who underwent primary AVF, 21 (13%) patients were found to have thrombosis in the 6th month, 33 (20.4%) patients in the 12th month; however,141 (87%) and 129 (79.6%) patients actively used AVF in the 6th and 12th months, respectively. The AIP and PO values that were calculated in the patient group with AVF thrombosis were significantly higher ( p = 0.001, p Conclusion: AIP, PO, Na, and BUN values are positively associated with AVF thrombosis. Checking AIP, Na, and BUN values will be useful in patients with end-term renal failure, who already have difficulties in renal replacement methods and vascular access.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to discuss the local anesthesia + sedo-analgesia (LA-SA) and spinal anesthesia methods applied during Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR) by retrospectively comparing the patients' data Materials and Methods: Our study was carried out by retrospectively evaluating the data of 36 patients who underwent endovascular surgery for aortic aneurysm between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018. Three cases who were applied general anesthesia were not included in the study. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups according to the anesthesia method as LA-SA group (Group 1, n = 19) and spinal anesthesia group (Group 2, n = 14).. This study was planned as a retrospective observational controlled study. Demographic data, comorbidities, American Anesthesiologists Association (ASA) risk classification scores, mortality rates, duration of anesthesia and surgery, length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit, and laboratory values were analyzed. Results: In our study, the mean age of 33 patients who underwent EVAR procedure was 69.04 ± 13 (32-86). Local anesthesia + sedo-analgesia was applied to 19 (52.7%) patients and spinal anesthesia was applied to 14 (38.8%) patients. No significant difference was found between demographic data, comorbidities and smoking rates in both groups. (Table 1). ). The length of stay in the hospital and the intensive care unit and the rates of death before discharge were similar in both groups (P = 0.22) (. (P = 0.15). (P = 0.73), while the duration of anesthesia and operation The durations were statistically shorter in the localanesthesia + sedo-analgesia group, respectively (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.004). Laboratory examinations of both groups were similar. Conclusion: For arterial stents requiring percutaneous implantation, LA-SA provides a safe anesthesia method with stable hemodynamics, less invasive intervention and shorter operation times than neuraxial anesthesia.

Introduction The main objective of the present study is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of proximal arteriovenous native fistulas. Hemodialysis is indispensable for patients with end-stage renal disease. For this purpose, arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are used. Among the native fistulas, distal radiocephalic AVF is the most preferred. However, brachiocephalic AVF (BCAVF) and brachiobasilic AVF with basilic vein transposition (basilic vein transposition arteriovenous fistula [BVTAVF]) can be used for a long time in dialysis patients whose distal vascular bed is depleted. Methods This is a retrospective study of 117 AVFs (BCAVF and BVTAVF), in patients with end-stage chronic renal disease, that were opened with a surgical technique (2012-2018). The postoperative two-year patency rates, AVF locations, complications, and the advantages and disadvantages of these fistulas are reviewed and recorded in the light of the literature. Results The mean age of the patients (52 men and 65 women) was 60.6 ± 13.6 years. The percentages of primary patency rates at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months were 96.6%, 93.1%, 92%, 87.4%, and 82.8% in BCAVF patients, and 96.7%, 93.3%, 90%, 86.7%, and 80% in BVTAVF patients, respectively. The percentages of secondary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 100%, 93.3%, and 86.7% in BCAVF patients, and 100%, 100% and 87.7% in BVTAVF patients, respectively. Fistula thrombosis was seen as the most common complication. The early complication was bleeding/hematoma. As late complications, we encountered steal syndrome, ischemic pain in the relevant extremity, pseudoaneurysm, and high-output heart failure. Conclusion Proximal AVFs are preferable fistulas with early maturation and high primary patency rates. We believe that relatively high complications can be avoided by opening fistulas with an appropriate surgical technique.

Aim: In patients whose life is dependent on hemodialysis, the most suitable vascular access routes are arteriovenous fistulas made with native vessels. However, in patients whose natural vessels are depleted, or not suitable, arteriovenous fistulas can be opened with artificial grafts. Our aim is to examine arteriovenous fistulas opened with synthetic grafts in hemodialysis patients who do not have native vascular access in the upper extremity and share our results.Methods: Patients who underwent opening of an arteriovenous fistula with a synthetic graft to the upper extremities in Adıyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic between December 2012 and December 2018 were examined in this retrospective cohort study. They were screened for age, gender, end-stage renal failure etiology, complications in vascular access site, postoperative follow-up, and duration of use. Primary and secondary patency rates were determined.Results: It was determined that synthetic grafts were used in 33 (15 males, 18 females) out of 436 arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) opened to 372 patients. The mean age was 59.2 (17) years. Left radiocephalic (RC) straight graft fistula was opened in 2 patients, left brachiocephalic (BC) straight graft fistula was opened in 12, left BC distal loop AVF in 13, right BC distal loop AVF in 1, left brachioaxillary (BA) distal loop AVF in 3 and right BA distal loop was used to open an AVF in 2 patients. Primary cumulative patency rates were as follows: 72% in the 3rd month, 65% in the 6th month, 42.24% in the 12th month. The secondary patency rates were 33.9% in the 60th month, 12% in the 60th month, 96.96% in the 12th and 24th months, 90.28% in the 36th and 48th months, 59.12% in the 60th month and 43.11% in the 72nd month.Conclusion: In chronic renal failure patients who do not have a natural vascular access routes or whose natural routes have been exhausted, AVFs that are opened to the upper extremities with a synthetic graft are suitable vascular access routes for long-term dialysis., Amaç: Yaşamı hemodiyalize bağımlı hastalarda, en uygun vasküler erişim yolu nativ damarlar ile yapılan arteriyovenöz fistüllerdir. Ancak doğal damarları tükenen veya uygun olmayan hastalarda, yapay greftler ile arteriyovenöz fistüller açılabilir. Amacımız üst ekstremitede vasküler erişim yolu olmayan hemodiyaliz hastalarında sentetik greft ile açılan arteriyovenöz fistülleri incelemek ve literatür eşliğinde sonuçlarımızı paylaşmaktır.Yöntemler: Çalışma retrospektif kohort çalışması olarak tasarlandı. Aralık 2012-Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında Adıyaman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Kliniği’nde üst ekstremitelere sentetik greft ile arteriyovenöz fistül açılan hastalar incelendi. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, son dönem böbrek yetmezliği etiyolojisi, komplikasyonlar vasküler erişim bölgesi, postoperatif takip ve kullanım süresi açısından tarandı. Birincil ve ikincil açıklık oranları belirlendi.Bulgular: Toplamda 372 hastaya açılan 436 arteriyovenöz fistülden 33 (15 erkek, 18 kadın) hastaya sentetik greft ile arteriyovenöz fistül (AVF) açıldığı tespit edildi. Yaş ortalaması 59.2 (17) İdi. Hastaların 2’sinde sol radiyosefalik (RC) düz, 12’sinde sol brakiosefalik (BC) düz greft AVF, 13’ünde sol BC distal loop AVF, 1’inde sağ BC distal loop AVF, 3’ünde sol brakioaksiller (BA) distal loop AVF ve 2’sinde sağ BA distal loop ile AVF açıldığı görüldü. Primer kümülatif açıklık oranları; 3. ayda %72, 6. ayda %65, 12. ay %42,24. ayda %33, 60. ayda %12 iken sekonder açıklık oranları 12 ve 24. aylarda %96,96, 36 ve 48.aylarda %90,28, 60. ayda %59,12 ve 72 ayda %43,11 idi.Sonuç: Nativ vasküler erişim yolu olmayan veya tükenen kronik böbrek yetmezliğindeki hastalarda, üst ekstremitelere sentetik greft ile açılan AVF’ler, uzun süre kullanılabilen diyaliz erişim yolu sağlayan, uygun bir vasküler erişim yoludur.

Aim: Tranexamic acid (TA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that prevents the dissolution of fibrin clot. We investigated the impact of the use of tranexamic acid (TA) on bleeding for patients under treatment of low molecular weight heparin during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations. Methods: Among 82 patients, 60 patients undergoing CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled into a case-control study within a six month-period. On the first postoperative day, patients were divided into two groups depending on the intraoperative use of TA. TA was not administered to control group patients (n=30) while those in the study group (n=30) received TA intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Coagulation variables including complete blood cell count, D-Dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) values were collected preoperatively and 24 hours after surgery. Estimated blood loss, loss by drainage, total amounts of packed red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma transfusions were recorded. P-value, Amaç: Traneksamik asit (TA), fibrin pıhtısının çözünmesini önleyen antifibrinolitik bir maddedir. Koroner arter bypass greft (KABG) operasyonları sırasında düşük moleküler ağırlıklı heparin tedavisi alan hastalarda TA kullanımının kanama üzerindeki etkisini araştırdık.Yöntemler: Toplam 82 hastadan, kardiyopulmoner bypass (CPB) ile KABG uygulanan 60 hasta, altı aylık bir dönemde vaka-kontrol bir çalışmaya alındı. Ameliyat sonrası birinci günde, intraoperatif TA kullanımına bağlı olarak hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubunda (n=30) TA verilmezken, çalışma grubunda Grup 2'de (n=30) TA intravenöz 10 mg/kg dozda uygulandı. Pıhtılaşma değişkenleri; tam kan hücresi sayımı, D-Dimer, fibrinojen, protrombin zamanı (PT), aktive parsiyel tromboplastin zamanı (aPTT) ve uluslararası normalleştirilmiş oran (INR) değerleri ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyattan 24 saat sonra toplandı. Tahmini kan kaybı, drenaj kaybı, toplam eritrosit süspansiyonu ve taze donmuş plazma hacimleri kaydedildi. P-değeri

The aim of the current study was to investigate the pharmacological activity of glabridin on the isolated human saphenous vein (SV) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Samples of patients' SVs were removed during bypass surgery, and 4-mm lengths of the vessels were placed in Krebs solution at +4°C and hung in an isolated organ bath to assess their contraction/relaxation responses. The contraction/relaxation responses were recorded to observe if the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway mediates the relaxant effect of glabridin after treatment with blockers like ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor), KT5823 (a PKG inhibitor), isobutylmethylxanthine [IBMX, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor], and cantharidin [Cant, a myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) inhibitor]. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO), cGMP, and PKG levels in SV tissues were determined by ELISA after incubation with glabridin, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-Name, a NO synthetase inhibitor), phenylephrine (PE), ODQ, IBMX, and KT5823. The results showed that glabridin relaxed the vascular smooth muscle of human SV pretreated with PE in a dose-dependent manner, which was independent of the endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of glabridin was only inhibited by iberiotoxin (IbTX), Cant, and KT5823. Glabridin increased cGMP and PKG levels in SV homogenates, whereas it did not alter the NO level. The enhancing effects of cGMP and PKG levels by glabridin were abolished by ODQ and KT5823. In conclusion, glabridin has a vasorelaxant effect, which is associated with the activation of BK

Amaç: Obezite ve morbid obezite gelişmekte olan ülkelerde önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak toplumu tehdit etmektedir. Bununla birlikte bir çok obez veya morbid obez hastada koroner arter hastalığı nedeniyle koroner arter baypas greftleme operasyonuna ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Biz de bu çalışmada kliniğimizde koroner arter baypas greftleme yaptığımız obez ve morbid obez hastaları retrospektif olarak inceleyerek bu hastalarda mortalite ve morbiditeyi artıran risk faktörlerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem . 2008 ile 2014 yılları arasında kliniğimizde koroner arter hastalığı nedeni ile takip edilen obez ve morbid obez hastalardan koroner arter baypas greftleme uygulanan hastaları retrospesfik olarak inceledik. Belirtilen yıllar arasında 593 hastaya koroner arter baypas greftleme uygulanmıştı. Bu hastalar obez (n=69) ve morbid obez (n=68) olmalarına göre iki gruba ayrıldı. Morbid obez hastaların vücut kitle indeksleri 35 kg/m2 ve vücut yüzey alanları 2.0 kg/m2 ‘nin üzerinde idi. Obez hastaların ise vücut kitle indeksleri 25-35 kg/m2 ve vücut yüzey alanları 1.8-2.0 kg/m2 arasındaydı. Bulgular: Hastaların median yaşları obez hasta grubunda 61,20±9,04, morbid obez hasta grubunda 60,54±10,65 idi. Obez hasta grubunda diabetes mellitus 32 (%46,4), morbid obez hasta grubunda ise 20 (% 29,4) hastada mevcuttu (p=0.041). Anstabil anjina pektoris şikayeti olan hasta sayısı obez hasta grubunda 20(% 29) morbid obez hasta grubunda ise 10(%14,7)'du (p=0.043). Hastanede kalış süresi obez hasta grubunda 10 gün morbid obez hasta grubunda ise 12 gün idi. 30 günlük mortalite her iki grupta eşit olmakla birlikte % 4,4 idi. Sonuç: Morbid obez ile obez hastalar karşılatırıldığında morbid obez olanlarda koroner arter baypas greftleme için artmış mortalite ve morbiditeye sebep olacak risk faktörleri olmadığı düşünülmektedir.

Thrombotic complications increase in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Most of these complications are associated with venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism; and arterial thrombosis is rare. Usually, arterial thrombosis affects peripheral arteries. The involvement of large vessels, such as aorta, is rare in the literature. Major artery thrombosis manifests with different additional complications. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed on a patient, who was followed-up with COVID-19 due to gastrointestinal symptoms. Supra-celiac aortic thrombosis and splenic infarction were detected. This case is reported to share experience regarding our treatment approach in the light of the literature data. Key Words: Arterial thrombosis, Acute aortic thrombosis, COVID-19.

Introduction: The incidence of skin lesions increases with advancing age, especially in the head and neck region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic data of head and neck skin lesions in the geriatric age group and the preferred surgical approaches. Material-Method: The records of 170 patients of an age >65 years who underwent surgical excision and reconstruction for head and neck lesions in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. The histopathological results of the lesions and the repair method used were evaluated according to age and localization. Results: The mean age of the patients was 71.42 ± 14.20 years. The histopathologic distribution of the lesions were 75 (44.2%) basal cell carcinoma, 30 (17.6%) squamous cell carcinoma and 65 (38.2%) benign. The most frequent localizations were nose and cheeks, and the most preferred reconstruction methods were primary closure and advancement flap. None of the patients had serious complications. Conclusion: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common lesion in the head and neck region in elderly individuals. The lesions in this region can be detected in the early stage since they are in the visible region. The Surgical excision and repair with local flaps in the treatment provide very successful cosmetic results.

Background: In the present study, it is aimed to determine the intervention-related change in the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count in saphenous vein embolization performed using cyanoacrylate in chronic venous stasis and varicose treatment, as well as explaining the possible venous thromboembolism events. Methods: 60 patients involved in the present study were selected from the patients, who had varicose and chronic venous stasis and who applied to the Cardiovascular Surgery Polyclinic of Medical Faculty of Adiyaman University. The files of patients undergone saphenous vein embolization using CA were performed digitally and their USG and laboratory results were analyzed. Among 437 patients, 60 patients’ undergone hemogram and biochemical examination before and after the intervention were involved in the present study. The preoperative (pre-op) and postoperative (post-op) platelet counts and mean platelet volumes of the patients were analyzed. Results: When compared to the pre-op period, no significant change was observed on 1 st post-ophour and 1 st post-op month (p ˃ 0.05), however the MPV value observed on the 3 rd post-op day was significantly higher than the pre-op period (p ˂ 0.05). The MPV value observed on the 3 rd post-op day was statistically higher than on 1 st post-op hour (p ˂ 0.05) and the MPV value observed on the 1 st post-op month was statistically significantly lower than on 3 rd post-op day (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: MPV did not significantly increase from the normal values on the 1 st postoperative day, whereas it significantly increased on the 3 rd postoperative day. Assuming that MPV is related with the increasing thrombogenicity, it can be stated that the saphenous vein embolization by using CA that is one of the minimally invasive methods used in varicose treatment may cause thromboembolic events in the early pre-op period (in the first week).

Vakamızda akut ve subakut iliofemoral derin ven trombozu (DVT) nedeniyle endovenöz yolla rekombinant insan doku tipi plazminojen aktivatörü (rt-PA) eşliğinde Rotarex rotasyonel trombektomi kateteri ile farmakomekanik trombektomi uyguladığımız bir hastada kopan ve sol ana iliyak ven ile sağ internal juguler ven arasında duran guide parçasının subclaviyan yol ile başarılı bir şekilde çıkartılmasını anlattık.

Aim: The investigation of oxidant/antioxidant status in hepatic tissues from cholesterol-fed rabbits and the establishment of possible protective effects of aqueous garlic extract on cholesterol-induced hepatic steatosis. Methods: Twenty-two of 31 white New Zealand rabbits were given cholesterol (0.5 g/kg/day) for 4 months. Seven of them were then killed (cholesterol group). The remaining 15 animals were divided into two groups. Seven were fed on a normal laboratory diet (normal diet group) and the others (extract group) on a normal diet plus garlic extract (1.5 ml/kg/day) for an additional 3 months. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, antioxidant potential (AOP) value, malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver tissues and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum samples were measured. An histological evaluation was also done. Results: An impaired antioxidant system, reduced antioxidant defence potential and increased peroxidation were found in hepatic steatotic tissues from cholesterol-fed animals. Treatment with garlic extract caused a significant increase in antioxidant potential and partly eliminated peroxidation damage in the hepatic tissue. Additionally, the extract caused significant reductions in the cholesterol levels of blood and hepatic tissues. The histological evaluations were in accordance with these results. Conclusion: The results suggest that cholesterol-induced steatosis leads to a weakened antioxidant defence system and causes peroxidation in the hepatic tissue. Treatment with garlic extract may contribute to significant amelioration in the hepatic steatosis and peroxidation processes.

Background: It is a well-established fact that cigarette smoking causes degenerative, inflammatory, and respiratory diseases in humans.Because many factors such as air pollution and harsh working conditions can easily be eliminated in animal studies, we conducted this study to identify the effect of tobacco on rat trachea. Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group of rats was exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 h each day over a duration of 60 consecutive days and the control group was treated in an identical fashion yet exposed only to room air. A morphometric study was performed on tracheal specimens taken from 22 rats (10 smoke-exposed rats and 12 control rats). Results: Our results show that many of the morphological changes of the tracheal epithelium were found in the experimental group and significant quantitative differences were observed between the two groups. Loss of cilia, basal cell hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia and an increased number of subepithelial inflammatory cells were observed by light microscopic examination of the trachea of experimental rats. We found very high levels of plasma thiocyanate after exposure to smoke in the experimental group, but no increase in the control group. Conclusions: The oxidants contained tobacco which could play an important role in the development of these structural and functional abnormalities in the trachea after smoke exposure. In addition, smoking can recruit inflammatory cells to the trachea.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and ultrastructure of diabetic rat lung. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (45 mg kg(-1), i.p.). After 8 weeks induction of diabetes, some control and diabetic rats were treated with simvastatin (10 mg kg(-1) rat day(-1); orally) for 4 weeks. Diabetes resulted in significantly high levels of blood glucose and plasma lipids. Malondialdehyde levels were unchanged after 12-week-old diabetic rats, whereas catalase activity significantly decreased in the lung. Glutathione peroxidase activity and nitric oxide level were significantly elevated in the diabetic lung. Histological analysis of the diabetic lung revealed some deterioration in the structure. Simvastatin treatment reduced plasma lipid levels and partially decreased the severity of hyperglycaemia. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and nitric oxide levels were partially restored and accompanied by improved structure in diabetic lung by the simvastatin treatment. These results suggest that structural disturbances and alteration of antioxidative enzyme activities occurred in diabetic lung. Simvastatin treatment may provide some benefits in the maintenance of antioxidant status and structural organization of diabetes-induced injury of lung. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objective: Possible effects of garlic extract supplementation on blood oxidant/antioxidant status, blood lipid profile and coronary plaque formation process were investigated in cholesterol-fed rabbits.Methods: Thirty-one male rabbits of New Zealand strain were used. Twenty-two animals were given cholesterol for 4 months. Seven of them were sacrificed to investigate plaque formation and to measure blood parameters. Seven of the remaining 15 animals were fed on normal laboratory diet and others normal diet plus garlic extract for additional 3 months. Blood antioxidant and lipid parameters were measured and histological examination was made.Results: Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were found to be significantly higher in the Cholesterol Group relative to controls. In the histological investigation, a dense atherosclerotic plaque formation was observed in the aortas of this group. In the Normal Diet Group, total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were higher relative to the control group. No significant d...

Objectives To evaluate the effects of the local release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and growth hormone (GH) on a germ cell population of ipsilateral undescended and contralateral descended testes of rats with a surgically created unilateral abdominal testis for 12 weeks and after the application of growth factors after orchidopexy. Methods Forty 4-week old male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: group 1, sham; group 2, gelatin; group 3, FGF; group 4, IGF; and group 5, GH. In the sham group, the right testis was exposed and sutured with 5-0 silk sutures. In groups 2-5, a right intra-abdominal testis was surgically created. After 12 weeks, orchidopexy was performed, and 1 cm(2) gelatin films were sutured to the right testes, either unloaded (group 2), or containing 2.5 microg FGF (group 3), 5 microg IGF (group 4), or 5 microg GH (group 5). After 30 days, both testes were removed for histopathologic investigation and DNA flow cytometry. The mean seminiferous tubular diameters (MSTDs), mean testicular biopsy scores (MTBSs), and percentages of haploid (1n) cells were calculated. Results Ipsilateral MSTD and MTBS significantly decreased in the gelatin and FGF groups compared with the sham, IGF, and GH groups. Contralateral MSTDs and MTBSs did not differ among groups. The haploid cell percentage significantly decreased in the ipsilateral and contralateral testes of the gelatin group compared with the sham, FGF, IGF, and GH groups. Conclusions Local release of IGF and GH resulted in the preservation of germ cell histology in the ipsilateral testes of rats with a surgically created unilateral undescended testis for 12 weeks and after orchidopexy. The administration of IGF, GH, and FGF increased the haploid germ cell population in both ipsilateral undescended and contralateral descended testes.

Different forms of Aluminium (Al) are environmental xenobiotics that induce free radical-mediated cytotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Vitamin E (? -tocopherol) is an antioxidative agent that has been reported to be important for detoxification pathways. This study was thus aimed at elucidating the protective effects of vitamin E towards aluminium toxicity on the histology of the rat testis. Al (5 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally in 2 ml saline, either alone or immediately before vitamin E (500 mg/kg body weight), at a different point of abdomen, and the alterations in the testis tissue were analyaed histologically. Seven treated animals were sacrificed for each group, with the testes removed and examined histologically. In the Al-treated group, the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules was thinner in places and spermatids were almost absent; sperm numbers were low and there were no sperm in the lumen. In the Al plus vitamin E rats, there were large numbers of spermatids and sperm in the seminiferous tubule lumen. In the vitamin E alone group, a normal histology was seen. Electron microscopically, in the Al-treated group there were irregularities in the nuclear membrane, some damaged mitochondria, a decrease in the number of ribosomes, and an increase in the number of lysosomes in the sertoli cell cytoplasm. In the primary spermatocyte cytoplasm, there was an increase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the Al plus vitamin E group, the spermatogeneic cells and the sertoli cell cytoplasm showed an almost normal appearance. The ultrastructure of the testis in the vitamin E alone group showed a normal appearance. In conclusion, vitamin E antagonizes the toxic effects of Al at the histological level, thus potentially contributing to an amelioration of the testis histology in the Al-treated rats. The associated biochemical parameters merit further investigation. Copyright © American College of Toxicology.

Objectives. To investigate the impact of garlic extract (GE), which is known for its antioxidant activity, on a testicular torsion/ detorsion model in animals and to help understand how to prevent both ischemic and reperfusion injuries after testicular torsion and detorsion. Material and methods. Six groups of rats ( n = 7 in each group) were used. The animals in the control group ( Group I) did not receive any treatment. The animals in the sham group ( Group II) underwent scrotal incision and testicular fixation only. The animals in Groups III - VI underwent 7208 of left testicular torsion for 2 h; subsequent detorsion was performed for 2 h in Groups IV and VI only. Animals in Groups V and VI were treated exactly the same as those in Groups III and IV, respectively except that they were pretreated with oral GE for 5 days at a dosage of 5 ml/kg. Both testicles in all rats were removed and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enzymatic activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) were studied, in addition to a histological evaluation after hematoxylin - eosin staining. Results. Testicular MDA levels and XO activities were higher in Group III compared to Group II (p< 0.05). Pretreatment with GE prevented these increases. Detorsion caused more damage and resulted in a further increase in MDA levels but MDA levels were not increased in animals pretreated with GE. Histologically, torsion caused some separation between germinative cells in the seminiferous tubules, which became much more prominent in Group IV and was attenuated by GE pretreatment. There were no significant changes in any of the above-mentioned enzymatic activities or histopathologic changes in the contralateral testicle in any of the groups. Conclusions. We believe that both testicular torsion and detorsion result in testicular tissue damage by means of lipid peroxidation, which is evident by an increase in the tissue levels of MDA. Dietary supplementation with GE seems to attenuate the generation of toxic free radicals, as evidenced indirectly by low tissue MDA levels.

Possible effects of garlic extract supplementation on blood oxidant/antioxidant status, blood lipid profile and coronary plaque formation process were investigated in cholesterol-fed rabbits.Thirty-one male rabbits of New Zealand strain were used. Twenty-two animals were given cholesterol for 4 months. Seven of them were sacrificed to investigate plaque formation and to measure blood parameters. Seven of the remaining 15 animals were fed on normal laboratory diet and others normal diet plus garlic extract for additional 3 months. Blood antioxidant and lipid parameters were measured and histological examination was made.Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were found to be significantly higher in the Cholesterol Group relative to controls. In the histological investigation, a dense atherosclerotic plaque formation was observed in the aortas of this group. In the Normal Diet Group, total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were higher relative to the control group. No significant differences were observed between plaque surface areas of the Cholesterol and Normal Diet Groups. In the Extract Group however, there were differences with regard to all the analysis parameters. Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were found to be decreased in this group. There was significant reduction in the plaque surface area in the aortas of this group. Blood antioxidant potential (AOP) was higher than the other groups but, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and, value of susceptibility to oxidation (SO) were lower in the Extract Group relative to the other groups. There were however no significant differences between MDA and SO values of the Control and Extract Groups.Our results demonstrate that cholesterol supplementation leads to dense plaque formation in the aortas of the rabbits. Garlic extract supplementation ameliorates blood lipid profile and, increases antioxidant potential. Extract treatment can significantly reduce plaque surface area in the aorta. Our results suggest that increased blood antioxidant potential due to extract supplementation might be one of the factors leading to this end.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of local and sustained release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on testicular blood flow and morphology in spermatic artery--and vein-ligated rats.Forty male Wistar albino rats weighting 300 +/- 20 g were allocated randomly into 5 groups consisting of 8 in each as follows: G-S (sham); G-C (control); and G-T0.85, G-T1.70, G-T2.55. After the ligation of the left spermatic artery and vein, 1 cm2 of unloaded and 0.85 microg, 1.70 microg, and 2.55 microg of FGF-loaded gelatin films were sutured on the left epididymis in G-C, G-T0.85, G-T1.70, and G-T2.55, respectively. After 30 days, bilateral capsular (CBF) and intratesticular (IBF) blood flows were evaluated by colored Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and testicular blood flow (TBF) by 133Xe clearance technique. Tunica albuginea and intertubular tissues were studied for the increase of peritesticular and intratesticular vessels. Mean intertubular vascular structure counts, seminiferous tubular diameters, testicular biopsy scores, and Leyding cell scores of each group were recorded and compared.CBF was present in all animals of G-S, G-T0.85, G-T1.70, and G-T2.55 groups in CDUS, and it was detected in 62% of the G-C rats (P.05). However, IBF was present in only 25% of the G-C rats, and this percentage was increased from 50% up to 87.5% for treatment groups, and 100% for G-S rats, respectively. 133Xe clearance showed that TBF was significantly decreased in G-C compared with G-S (P.05). In G-T2.55, TBF was significantly increased, but still could not reach the level of G-S. Although mean testicular weights were significantly decreased for controls (G-C), G-T0.85, and G-T1.70, almost no difference was observed between G-T2.55 and G-S. Although a slight increase in the vascular structures of tunica albuginea was present in G-C rats, a significant increase was observed in treatment groups. The mean number of intertubular vascular structures was significantly increased in treatment groups when compared with G-S and G-C (P.05). Mean seminiferous tubular diameters and Leydig cell scores were decreased in G-C but significantly increased in treatment groups (P.05). Mean testicular biopsy scores were increased in treatment groups compared with G-C but could not reach to sham levels.Ligation of the spermatic artery and vein has detrimental effects on the ipsilateral testicular blood flow and morphology. These effects may be reversed by local application of FGF.

Propofol, which is widely used as an intravenous anesthetic, has been shown to have an antioxidant activity on several tissues. This study was designed to investigate the prevention of reperfusion injury with propofol after testicular torsion. Five groups of rats ( seven in each group) were used. Animals in the control group ( group I) did not received any treatment, while animals in the sham group ( group II) underwent scrotal incision and testicular. xation only. After 2 h of 720degrees left testicular torsion in groups III, IV and V, subsequent detorsion was done for 2 h in groups IV and V. Propofol ( 50 mg/kg) was injected transperitoneally 30 min prior to detorsion in group V. Both testicles in all rats were retrieved and tissue malondialdeyhde (MDA) level, which is a measure of the amount of free oxygen radicals, and enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), which converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid were studied. In addition, tissue catalase ( CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, which are endogenous scavenger enzymes, protecting tissues against free radicals, were studied. Additionally, histological evaluations were performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Testicular MDA levels, and XO and CAT activities were higher in the torsion group compared to sham control group (P< 0.05). Detorsion caused a further increase in MDA levels, contrasting with a decrease in the levels of XO activity, while CAT activity was not changed. Pretreatment with propofol prevented a further increase in MDA levels and significantly decreased CAT activity following detorsion. GSH-Px activities were not effected either by torsion/ detorsion or propofol pretreatment. Histologically, torsion caused some separation between germinal cells in the seminiferous tubules, which became much more prominent in the detorsion group and attenuated with propofol pretreatment. There was no significant change in any of the abovementioned enzymatic activities nor were there histopathological changes in the contralateral testicle in any groups. It is concluded that biochemically and histologically reperfusion injury occurs in the ipsilateral testis following detorsion up to 2 h. Preference of propofol for anaesthesia during the detorsion procedure may attenuate such reperfusion injury.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) inhibition with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) in the last trimester of pregnancy caused intrauterine growth retardation and hind-limb disruptions in rats. In the present study, the effect of maternal NO inhibition with NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) on hypoxic newborn rats was investigated. Methods: Timed-pregnant rats were obtained on gestational day 17. Four groups of rats were used: control, hypoxic, l-NNA and l-NNA + hypoxic groups. In the last two groups, l-NNA (2 mg/kg bolus, i.p.) was administered to the mothers of pups antenatally on 3 consecutive days. Hypoxia was induced in newborn rats by breathing of a mixture of 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 3 h. Pups were then allowed to inhale normal atmospheric air for 30 min. All newborn rats were decapitated on the first day of life after hypoxia and reoxygenation. Brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney and intestinal tissues were studied biochemically. Hypoxia-induced biochemical changes were determined by measuring lipid peroxidation. Histopathologic examination of lung tissue was performed. Results: Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in pregnancy did not cause fetal growth retardation. Hypoxia increased lipid peroxidation in all tissues except the heart; this increase was decreased by maternal l-NNA administration in brain, lung, liver and kidney tissues. However, lipid peroxidation was increased by NO synthase inhibition in the intestines. In the lungs, pulmonary hemorrhage was observed in the hypoxic group. Minimal pulmonary hemorrhage was detected in the l-NNA and l-NNA + hypoxic groups. Conclusions: These data suggest that antenatal administration of an NO synthase inhibitor acts as both a destructive and protective agent in hypoxic newborn rats.

In this study we investigated the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa after the use of topical benzalkonium-chloride solution. In the study, 28 male New Zealand white rabbits were used. The animals were divided into two groups. In the first group, 50 micro l of 0.001% benzalkonium-chloride solution was sprayed into the right nostril and 50 micro l of 0.9% saline into the left twice daily for 14 days. In the second group, the same solutions were applied twice daily for 28 days. All of the biopsies from each nasal cavity were processed for electron microscopy. In the nostrils treated with 0.001% benzalkonium chloride, there were areas with obvious squamous cell metaplasia. Some cells showed broken cristae of the mitochondria. Degenerative changes in the supportive and olfactory cells, deformation of nuclei and the increase of heterochromatin were observed. The present investigation has shown that the application of topical benzalkonium chloride does induce degenerative morphologic changes in the nasal mucosa in rabbits in vivo.

In order to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hypoxic tissue damage in newborns, we studied the effects of systemic administration of an inhibitor of NO synthase, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), and the precursor for the synthesis of NO, L-arginine (L-ARG), on the biochemical and histological changes in brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, intestine, and skeletal muscle tissues. Four groups of 1-day-old Wistar rat pups were used: control, hypoxic, L-ARG, and L-NNA groups. L-ARG 100 mg/kg or L-NNA 2 mg/kg was administered as a bolus intraperitoneally 1.5 h before hypoxia. Hypoxia increased lipid peroxidation in all tissues except muscle; this increase was prevented by L-NNA and L-ARG in brain, heart, lung, kidney, and liver tissues. L-NNA in intestine and L-ARG in muscle tissue increased lipid peroxidation. The tissue-associated myeloperoxidase activity was decreased in the liver by L-NNA and L-ARG. Histopathological changes in intestines were villous epithelial separation and hyperemia in hypoxic and L-NNA groups which were not observed in control and L-ARG groups. In lungs, pulmonary hemorrhage was observed only in the hypoxic group. These data suggest that NO acts both as a destructive and a protective agent in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-reoxygenation injuries.

To investigate whether free radical metabolism is changed due to isoflurane treatment and, if so, to elucidate the role of changed free radical metabolism in the nephrotoxicity.Fifteen guinea pigs were used in the study. Five were treated with isoflurane in oxygen, five with oxygen and five were controls. Animals were exposed to isoflurane and oxygen three times. Each treatment was performed for 30 min once a day for three consecutive days. Activities of free radical enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); values of antioxidant parameters, antioxidant potential (AOP), non-enzymatic superoxide radical scavenger activity (NSSA) and oxidation resistance (OR) and, level of an oxidant parameter namely, malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the renal tissues of the groups. Blood was also obtained for serum creatinine and urea analyses.AOP, NSSA, SOD and CAT activities were decreased; (0.0188 +/- 0.0026 vs 0.0156 +/- 0.0015, P0.025; 8.72 +/- 1.80 vs 6.40 +/- 1.22, P0.05; 76.71 +/- 18.54 vs 52.79 +/- 11.68, P0.025; 71.26 +/- 15.58 vs 55.39 +/- 8.83; P0.05, respectively) but, MDA level, OR value and GSH-Px activities increased (10.89 +/- 1.57 vs 15.87 +/- 2.97, P0.01; 0.84 +/- 0.34 vs 2.28 +/- 1.39, P0.05; 1.45 +/- 0.83 vs 3.45 +/- 1.20, P0.01, respectively) in kidney tissues from isoflurane-treated group compared with controls. No differences were observed between control and oxygen groups with regard to all analysis parameters except GSH-Px.Isoflurane impairs the antioxidant defence system and this oxidant stress may play a part in the isoflurane-induced renal toxicity.

In this study the fertility and outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using megalohead spermatozoa from the ejaculates and testicles was evaluated. Seventeen males with megalohead and pinhead sperm forms in their ejaculate were studied in 22 cycles. A high number of sperm heads without tails and abundant round spermatid forms were commonly observed. Round-headed spermatozoa were seldom accompanied by these severely abnormal spermatozoa. The majority of megalohead spermatozoa were observed to have multiple tails, were predominant in the sample, and were used for ICSI. Ejaculated megalohead spermatozoa were used for ICSI in 15 cycles, while testicular spermatozoa were used in seven cycles where there were no vital spermatozoa or spermatozoa of low vitality in the ejaculate. The same abnormal morphology was observed in the testicles as in the ejaculated spermatozoa in the same males. Mean (+/- SD) low motility 4.7 +/- 5.6% and sperm count (3.8 +/- 4.19 x 10(6)) were common findings in these severely teratozoospermic patients. A low fertilization rate (43.2%) was achieved by using megalohead sperm forms (group I, n = 17) in comparison with the control group (60.2%) which had zero normal sperm morphology according to strict criteria (group II, n = 30) (P

Objectives. The correlation between infertility and morphofunctional alterations following vasal occlusion is not clearly understood. Although a correlation has been found between the expression of a high titer of antisperm antibodies and the status of infertility, the relationship between the immunoglobulin (Ig) depositions in the testis and ultrastructural alterations of the peritubular structures has not been clearly established. The objective of this study is to explain the etiopathogenesis of diffuse and focal testicular lesions caused by vasal obstruction. Methods. Unilateral vasectomy was performed on adult male rats. Ultrastructural changes of testicular tissues and immunostaining affinity of peritubular structures with anti-actin, anti-vimentin, anti-laminin, and anti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG) antibodies were analyzed. Results. In an ultrastructural study, vasectomized animals presented abundant collagen fibril accumulation in the peritubular area. In testis with intense IgG antibodies, staining revealed weak immunostaining of peritubular myoid cells with anti-actin antibodies, but intense immunostaining with anti-vimentin antibodies. The tubules of rats with no IgG deposition on peritubular structures revealed intense immunostaining with anti-actin antibodies but scant immunostaining with anti-vimentin antibodies. Anti-laminin deposits decreased severely in most of the tubules demonstrating intense IgG deposition. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that spermatogenesis deteriorates more severely in testes with dense IgG deposition. The sclerosis of the lamina propria in cases with vasal occlusion is secondary to alterations in the peritubular myoid cells. With the progressive changes that occur in the peritubular myoid cells or differentiation of the peritubular myoid cells that acquire active cell characteristics, collagen accumulation adjacent to these cells increases markedly. The alterations of the peritubular myoid cells reported here may be caused by alterations in basement membrane structures.

The effects of intra-articular injections of vitamin E and corticosteroid were investigated in skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits in which experimental hemarthrosis was induced for 14 days. The rabbits were divided into three groups composed of eight rabbits each: the first group comprised of animals with hemarthrosis, the second group animals with hemarthrosis and intra-articular injections of 20 mg vitamin E, and the third group animals with hemarthrosis and intra-articular injections of 10 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (TCA). Proteoglycan levels in the joint cartilage of the hemarthrosis group were found to be increased significantly compared with the controls (P < .01), whereas in the vitamin F-injected group they were significantly decreased (P < .05). In the TCA-injected group, proteoglycan levels were not found to be significantly different from those in the hemarthrosis group (P > .05). Histopathological evaluation showed that the cartilage structure in the joint of the control limbs was identical to that in the vitamin E- and TCA-injected limbs. In the hemarthrosis group, in comparison with the controls, the joint surface was roughened and fibrillated. In the superficial areas of the cartilage tissue, chondrocytes were decreased in number. These findings suggest that in this model, vitamin E and TCA may be helpful in preventing the joint cartilage changes seen in hemarthrosis.

Exposure to tobacco smoke can cause irritation of the conjunctiva. We conducted this study to identify the effect of tobacco on rat conjunctiva. Animals were divided into experimental and control groups and we exposed the experimental group to tobacco smoke. Control group rats inhaled only room air. Spectrophotometric analysis of the smoke-air mixture revealed that many toxic substances were present in this compound. We found very high levels of plasma thiocyanate after exposure to smoke in experimental group animals but no increase in the control group. So, this data indicates that these animals inhaled smoke effectively in our method. After 3 months conjunctivas were examined by light and electron microscopy. In the experimental group, conjunctivas were thinned, atrophied and microvillous projections and desmosomal connections were absent in comparison with the control conjunctivas. This pathologic change is very similar to conjunctival response to chronic irritants of any type.

In order to investigate the role of NO in hypoxic tissue damage in newborns, we studied the effect of the systemic administration of a inhibitor of NO synthase, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), and the precursor for the synthesis of NO, L-arginine (L-ARG), on brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, intestine, and skeletal muscle tissues. Four groups of 1-d-old Wistar rat pups(5-6g) were used: control, hypoxia alone, hypoxia and L-ARG or L-NNA groups. 100 mg/kg L-ARG or 2 mg/kg L-NNA were administered as a bolus intraperitoneally 1.5 h before the hypoxia. Hypoxia was induced by breathing of a mixture of 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for three hours. Then pups were allowed to inhale normal atmospheric air for 30 minutes. The rats were decapitated at the end of the reoxygenation period. The tissues were taken and frozen immediately. Lipid peroxidation levels measured as Thiobarbituricacid-reacting substances (TBARS) nmol/g wet tissue are summarized below: Table