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Alternaria species show a wide range of life modes, viz. pathogens in plants, animals and human, saprobes and rarely endophytes. In the present study, three Alternaria isolates were obtained from healthy fruits of Citrus grandis cv. 'Tomentosa' in an industrial planting area in Guigang City, Guangxi Province, China. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA region (ITS), 28S large subunit rDNA (LSU), 18S small subunit rDNA (SSU), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1-α), RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2) and Alternaria major allergen (alt-a1) gene regions were sequenced and employed to construct phylogenetic trees. Based on the morphology and combined multi-genes phylogeny, our isolates were identified as a novel species, Alternaria tomentosae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For exploring novel natural product-derived herbicides, 16 novel α-campholenic aldehyde-based 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-thioether compounds were designed, synthesized, and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassay showed that, at 100 µg/mL, most of the target compounds displayed significant inhibition activity against root-growth of rape(Brassica campestris L.), with inhibition rates of 85.0%～98.2%(A-class activity level), much better than that of the positive control flumioxazin. In addition, an effective and reasonable 3D-QSAR model was established by CoMFA method in SYBYL-X 2.1.1 software. It was found that, the steric field was the major factor towards the herbicidal activity of the target compounds against B. campestris L., and the introduction of bulky groups into m- and p-position of the benzene ring was favourable to increase the herbicidal activity. This kind of title compounds deserved further study as potential leading compounds for the discovery and development of novel herbicidal agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hint1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene and the underlying molecular mechanisms for its tumor suppressor function are unknown. In this study we demonstrate that HINT1 participates in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage responses. In response to IR, HINT1 is recruited to IR-induced foci (IRIF) and associates with [gamma]-H2AX and ATM. HINT1 deficiency does not affect the formation of [gamma]-H2AX foci; however, it impairs the removal of [gamma]-H2AX loci after DNA damage and this is associated with impaired acetylation of [gamma]-H2AX. HINT1 deficiency also impairs acetylation of ATM and activation of ATM and its downstream effectors, and retards DNA repair, in response to IR. HINT1-deficient cells exhibit resistance to IR-induced apoptosis and several types of chromosomal abnormalities. Our findings suggest that the tumor suppressor function of HINT1 is caused by, at least in part, its normal role in enhancing cellular responses to DNA damage by regulating the functions of both [gamma]-H2AX and ATM.

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