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Introduction: This study investigated the effect of preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment(CGA) and frailty assessment on long-term mortality.Methods: This study which evaluated a total of 81 older patients underwent the CGA prior to general surgery. Katz ADL, the Lawton Brody IADL, the Mini-Nutrition Assessment test (MNAsf), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were performed. Fried criteria were utilized for the assessment of frailty. The Physiological and Operative Severity Scores for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) score, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were used for operative risk assessment. The patients were screened for 3-year mortality. Results: The median age of the patients was 71 years (range, 65-84 years). 58.02% of the patients were female and 24.69% were in the frail group. The mortality rate of the frail group was significantly higher than those of the pre-frail and robust groups (p: 0.030). The Cox regression analyses revealed that MMSE (p: 0.020), Physiological Severity Score (PSS) (p: 0.034), BUPA score (p: 0.030) and educational background (p: 0.031) were independently correlated with mortality in Model 1, while MNA (p: 0.003), PSS score (p: 0.080) and educational background (p: 0.002) were correlated with mortality in Model 2. ADL, MMSE, CDT, MNA-SF, Fried score, length of hospital stay, PSS score, and BUPA score were the best predictors of mortality (AUC values: 0.61, 0.74, 0.72, 0.73, 0.69, 0.74, 0.64, and 0.66respectively). Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrated that CGA components and frailty predicted long-term mortality in general surgery patients.

Objective: Practical scales with tested validity and reliability are needed to clinically determine frailty.The aim of this study is to find out whether the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale is an effective screening scale to show frailty Patients and Methods: The Frail non-Disabled (FIND) scale validated in the Turkish population was applied for FRAIL scale validation. Comprehensive geriatric assessment and Fried Index were performed on 85 outpatients who were 65 years and older. The patients were examined in terms of comorbidity, number of falls, living environment, number of drugs used, and hospitalization in the last year. Results: The FRAIL scale had a high correlation with the FIND scale and Fried Index (correlation coefficients are 0.956 and 0.934, respectively).In addition, it was found to be associated with Activities of Daily Living (ADL),Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales,the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS),Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA-sf),Clock Drawing Test (CDT),handgrip strength, and timed up and go test(p

Background: Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a member of the syndecan family, which includes heparan sulfate proteoglycans. SDC-1 is important for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between serum SDC-1 levels and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Eighty-two patients aged 65 years and over were included in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the cognitive functions of the patients. Comprehensive geriatric assessment components were administered to the patients. Serum SDC-1 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: When patients were grouped as control, MCI and AD, significant decreases were observed in Katz daily living activity (p

To assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory (SC-HI) among older adults with hypertension.This was a methodological study.The study sample enrolled 176 older adults. The study carried out preliminary psychometric analyses.Item-level content validity index ranged between 0.87 to 1.0, and the index of content validity was 0.98. The Cronbach's α for the total scale was 0.84.The cross-cultural adaptation of SC-HI has been realized successfully in Turkish.Health care providers may utilize the scale to evaluate "older individuals" hypertension self-care abilities.

© 2021 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.Background: Malnutrition is a problem that greatly affects patients with hematological malignancy (HM) throughout the course of illness. Intensity of the malignancy treatment, inadequate energy intake, complex procedures such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and treatment side effects are contributing factors for malnutrition in HM patients. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score and Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) in predicting hospital and long-term mortality of HM patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to identify effects of malnutrition on ICU mortality. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a university teaching hospital tertiary ICU service. During the study period, 112 HM patients who were >18 years old were admitted to the ICU. We excluded the patients who were discharged or died within 24 h from the statistical analysis. The patients were followed for 3 years after discharge for long-term mortality. Results: Twenty-nine patients died within 24 h of admission and were excluded from the study; therefore, statistical analysis was done for 81 patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high malnutrition risk, according to the NRS-2002 score, was associated with greater odds of ICU mortality (P = 0.002, odds ratio = 19.16). Conclusion: In this study, we showed that NRS-2002 is superior to mNUTRIC score in predicting ICU mortality in patients with HMs. mNUTRIC score and NRS-2002 were not superior to each other in predicting long-term mortality.

Identifying the associated clinical conditions in patients with newly diagnosed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) may contribute to the disease management. This study aimed to examine the clinical features and coexisting geriatric syndromes of patients with newly diagnosed DLB.This cross-sectional study included newly diagnosed DLB participants who were admitted to a tertiary geriatric outpatient clinic. Of the 857 patients with dementia, 116 DLB diagnoses were eligible for analysis. The core and supportive clinical features of DLB were recorded. Geriatric syndromes including polypharmacy, depression, insomnia, dependency, a history of delirium, falls, malnutrition, urinary incontinence, functional impairment, and living alone, were assessed and recorded at baseline.The mean age was 79.0 ± 6.9 years, and 50.9% of the participants were female. The majority (63.8%) had mild dementia, 31.9% had moderate, and 4.3% had severe disease. Cognitive fluctuations (78.4%), visual hallucinations (77.6%), and Parkinsonism (73.3%) were the most common clinical features. Functional impairment (59.5%) and urinary incontinence (59.5%) were the leading geriatric syndromes, followed by polypharmacy (56.9%), depressive symptoms (54.7%), falls (52.6%), insomnia (49.1%), malnutrition (24.3%), and delirium (6.0%). Women had more functional impairment and depressive symptoms than men.Although most patients had mild dementia, three-quarters of the DLB cohort had hallucinations, and nearly two-thirds were functionally impaired. The proportion of other serious health conditions also increased, indicating a high comorbidity and geriatric syndrome burden. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is strongly recommended for DLB patients from the time of diagnosis until death to reduce disability and comorbidities.NCT05052450.

Tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp uygulamaları kökeni çok eskilere dayanan, son yıllarda ise giderek daha popüler hale gelen uygulamalardır. Kronik hastalıkların görülme sıklığındaki artış, sağlık hizmetlerinden duyulan memnuniyetsizlik, olumsuz tıbbi sonuçlar, yüksek sağlık masrafları, ilaçların ya da tedavilerin yan etkileri nedeniyle tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp (TAT) uygulamalarına yönelmenin sebepleri arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kronik hastalıkların sık görüldüğü yaşlı bireylerin TAT uygulamalarına yönelik bilgilerinin, tutumlarının ve uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi ve kırılganlık durumu ile olası ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.

To evaluate the change in sleep patterns and sleep quality in older patients during hospitalization. Sleep duration was shortened; however, sleep quality was not changed during hospitalization. Insomnia is associated with geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older adults. Sleep quality and insomnia evaluation should be a routine part of assessment during hospitalization. Insomnia, a common problem in older adults, may be precipitated by multiple factors including medical conditions, social, behavioral, and environmental factors. The aims of our study were to evaluate sleep pattern changes during hospitalization, determine the predictors of sleep quality and sleep disorders in geriatric inpatients. In this prospective observational study, all ≥ 65-year-old patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards were assessed at the time of hospitalization and after 1 week. Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to define insomnia and subjective sleep quality. All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. Data of factors contributing sleep disturbances during hospitalization were recorded. Totally 101 patients were recruited. Mean ± SD age was 73.5 ± 5.2 years and 53.5% were female. Frequency of poor sleepers was 58.4% at baseline and 64.7% after 1 week according to PSQI score (p 0.804). Although the total scores and frequency of insomnia did not change in the first week of hospitalization, sleep duration was significantly shortened (6.4 ± 2.6 h vs. 5.9 ± 2.7 h, respectively; p

Aim Psychological pain refers to the torment that results from adverse experiences, such as loneliness, guilt, frustration, hopelessness or loss. Psychological pain may impair physical and psychosocial functioning of older adults. Death anxiety is associated with cognitive function deterioration, change to social environment and increased risk of depression. This study investigated associations among components of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), death anxiety and psychological pain. Methods In total, 100 patients aged >= 65 years were included in this study. Demographic characteristics and CGA test scores were examined. The Templer scale was used to evaluate death anxiety; the Psychache scale was used to evaluate psychological pain. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify parameters independently associated with poor cognitive performance and death anxiety. Results The patients' median age was 73 (65-92) years. Death anxiety was detected in 34% of patients. Psychological pain and death anxiety levels were significantly associated with Mini-Mental State Examination, clock drawing test, Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores. Psychological pain levels were independently associated with cognitive performance. Finally, psychological pain and IADL scores were independently associated with death anxiety. Conclusions During a CGA, practitioners should note that psychological pain and death anxiety may negatively affect cognitive function and IADL scores. Patients should be re-evaluated, following suitable psychotherapeutic interventions.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; center dot center dot: center dot center dot-center dot center dot.

The influence of preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment and frailty on postoperative morbidity, mortality, delirium were examined. A total of 108 patients were evaluated. The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), the Lawton Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), the Mini-Nutrition Assessment test (MNA), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were performed. Fried Criteria were used to assess physical frailty. We used the Physiological and Operative Severity Scores for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity score (POSSUM), the American Society of Anesthesiologists Score (ASA), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to determine the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Assessment Test for Delirium (4AT) was applied for detection of delirium. The median age was 71 years (min–max: 65–84). IADL (p = 0.032), MNA (p = 0.01), MMSE scores (p = 0.026) were found to be significantly lower in patients with morbidity. POSSUM physiology score (p = 0.005), operative score (p = 0.015) and CCI (p = 0.029) were significantly higher in the patients with morbidity. Patients developed morbidity were found to be more frail (p

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia in older adults, causes significant complications such as stroke, dementia, and decreased quality of life. Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that is associated with increased risk of poor clinical outcomes including falls, disability, and mortality. We aimed to investigate the relationship between AF and frailty and functionality in older adults. A total of 123 patients 64 with AF and 59 with normal sinus rhythm were enrolled in the study with cross-sectional design. All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Frailty status was assessed using Fried criteria and FRAIL scale. The brief Older People’s Quality of Life questionnaire was applied for quality of life. Results of the laboratory tests were recorded and compared for both groups. Although the frequency of frailty status determined by the Fried criteria and the FRAIL scale was higher in the AF group, this difference was not statistically significant. However, it was found that there was a positive correlation between the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) AF symptom score and frailty according to the FRAIL scale (Goodman and Kruskal gamma coefficient = 0.39, p = 0.020). Comorbidities and polypharmacy were more common in the AF group (p

Background & Aim: Muscle strength seems to be more relevant to the functionality than muscle mass in sarcopenia. Different diagnostic techniques are available for the evaluation of muscle mass. Ult...

Aim Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Chronic inflammatory conditions and increased oxidative stress are in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels as an oxidative stress marker. Methods Patients aged ≥65 years were recruited in this study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criterion. Total thiol, native thiol, disulfide and ischemia-modified albumin levels were measures according to clinical and laboratory features. Patients were divided into two groups according to their sarcopenia presence; thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels were evaluated between these groups. Results Overall, 94 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 75.0 ± 6.71 years. A total of 39% of the patients were diagnosed as probable sarcopenia, 3.2% had sarcopenia, 6.4% had severe sarcopenia and 51.1% were diagnosed as normal. The levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide level and disulfide-native thiol, native thiol-total thiol and disulfide-total thiol ratios were similar in patients with sarcopenia when compared with the control group. In addition, there were no differences between albumin and ischemia-modified albumin levels. In univariate regression analysis, handgrip strength was found to be an independent predictor of native thiol and total thiol, and disulfide levels. Conclusion This is the first study in the literature that evaluates the thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels in sarcopenic older patients. Long-term studies are warranted to confirm the relationship between oxidative stress markers and sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••-••.

Purpose A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a time-consuming approach that requires a special team and a screening test, whereas the G8 screening test is a practical and validated test for screening cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the G8 test in older patients without cancer and to investigate its concordance with CGA in an outpatient clinic. Methods Two hundred older patients were included in the study. CGA and G8 tests were performed, and the concordance between them was evaluated for scale validity using Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and kappa analyses. Patients who obtained scores lower than the predefined cutoff values in at least one of the CGA tests were considered to have an abnormal CGA. Inter-rater and intra-rater concordance were assessed for reliability. Results Of the 200 patients, 57.4% were female, and the median age was 73 (63-93) years. There was a strong concordance between the CGA and G8 screening test (kappa: 0.630;p < 0.001). Inter-rater and intra-rater concordance in the reliability assessments were high (kappa: 0.886; kappa: 875;p < 0.001, respectively), and inter- and intra-clinician assessments of the G8 scores revealed significant correlations (r = 0.962 andr = 0.976, respectively;p < 0.001). Conclusion The G8 screening test is a valid and reliable tool for older adults without malignancy. It is a quick and practical test for physicians who frequently admit older patients.

There are various 'quality of life' scales developed for older people. Although quality of life is a subjective concept, most of these scales are based on expert opinions rather than perspectives of older people. The aim of this study is to evaluate validity and reliability of Older People's Quality of Life-brief scale (OPQOL-brief), which is based on perspectives of older people, in Turkish population.A cross-sectional study was implemented in a Geriatric medicine outpatient clinic. Total number of 168 older patients who speak in Turkish fluently were recruited. Comprehensive geriatric assessment and OPQOL-brief was applied to all participants together with another quality of life scale validated in Turkish population, CASP-19 (Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, Pleasure). Validity was evaluated with construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Reliability was assessed with internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Mean age of the study population was 73.3 ± 5.9 years. Female participants were 64.9% (n = 109). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's α coefficient. OPQOL-brief scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.876). Test-retest reliability was assessed by interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and showed high reliability (ICC = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.96-0.99, p 0.001). Strong and significant correlation was detected between OPQOL-brief and CASP-19 scales (r = 0.763, p 0.001).Turkish version of OPQOL-brief has acceptable validity and reliability in Turkish population. The scale can be used to measure quality of life of older people.

Objectives: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome which develops as a result of cumulative decline in many physiological systems and results in an increased vulnerability and risk of adverse outcomes. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was validated as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people and evaluates items such as comorbidity, cognitive impairment and disability. We aimed to study the concurrent and construct validity and reliability of the 9 point CFS in Turkish Population.

Objectives Masked hypertension, defined as nonelevated clinic blood pressure with elevated out of clinic blood pressure, has been associated with increased cardiovascular events, mortality and cognitive impairment. No evidence exists regarding the effect of treating masked hypertension. In this study, we followed-up the patients in the G-MASH-cog study for 1 year and aimed to examine the effect of the management of masked hypertension on cognitive functions. Methods The G-MASH-cog study participants were followed-up for 1 year. In masked hypertensive individuals, lifestyle modification and antihypertensive treatment (perindopril or amlodipine) were initiated for blood pressure control. Measurements of cognitive tests and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline and at 1-year follow-up were compared. Results A total of 61 patients (30 in masked hypertension group; 31 in normotensive group) were included. Mean age was 72.3 ± 5.1 and 59% of the participants were female. Compared with baseline ambulatory blood pressure measurement results, patients with masked hypertension had significantly lower ambulatory blood pressure measurement results after 1-year follow-up. The quick mild cognitive impairment test (Q-MCI-TR) score increased with antihypertensive treatment (Q-MCI score at baseline = 41(19-66.5), at 1 year = 45.5 (22-70), P = 0.005) in masked hypertensive patients. In the final model of the mixed-effects analysis, when adjusted for covariates, interaction effect of the masked hypertension treatment with time was only significant in influencing the changes in Q-MCI scores over time in patients aged between 65 and 74 years (P = 0.002). Conclusions Treatment of masked hypertension in older adults was associated with improvement in cognitive functions.

Background and Aim: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia prevalence are expected to increase with aging. The DemTect is a very quick and easy tool to administer and recognize the early stages of dementia and MCI. In this study we aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the DemTect and define cut off values for different age and educational levels. One of our aims is also to compare the sensitivity and specifity of the DemTect to other common screening tools. Patients and Methods: Fifty-four patients with MCI, 55 patients with dementia and 91 patients with subjective memory complaints (SMC) were enrolled in the study. The DemTect was translated into Turkish by forward-backward translation and compared with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Turkish version (QMCI-TR) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). In order to test interrater reliability, the DemTect was administered to 11 patients, on the same day, by 2 trained raters. To establish test–retest reliability, the same rater scored the tool a second time on 11 patients within 2 weeks. Results: The median age of the patients was 73 (min-max: 65–90) years, 54.5% were female. We found a strong correlation between DemTect scores and the MMSE, the QMCI, and the MoCA (r = 0.725, r = 0.816, r = 0.821, respectively; p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, the cut-off point of the DemTect to differentiate MCI from SMC was 11.5 with 92.6% sensitivity, 91.2% specificity, AUC 0.973 and the cut-off point of the DemTect to differentiate dementia from SMC was 9.5 with 96.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, AUC 0.916. Cronbach α was 0.823. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.873 (95% CI: 0.598–0.964) for interrater reliability and 0.966 (95% 0.777–0.982) for test-retest reliability (Cronbach α = 0.932, 0.966 respectively). Conclusion: The DemTect is a very reliable tool to assess Turkish patients with MCI and dementia.

Background Dysphagia is an important and frequent symptom in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). We hypothesized that dysphagia could be seen in the early stages of AD and sarcopenia presence rather than the severity of the AD affecting dysphagia. The main aim of this study was to investigate swallowing functions in AD patients according to stages. The second aim was to investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and dysphagia in AD. Methods This study involved 76 probable AD patients. For all participants, diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on definitions from the revised version of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People at 2018. Dysphagia symptom severity was evaluated by the Turkish version of the Eating Assessment Tool, a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was performed for instrumental evaluation of swallowing. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale as CDR 1 (mild dementia), CDR 2 (moderate dementia), and CDR 3 (severe dementia). Swallowing evaluation parameters were analyzed between these groups. Results Mean age was 78.9 ± 6.4 years, and 56.4% were female. Twenty-six patients had mild dementia, 31 patients had moderate dementia, 19 patients had severe dementia (CDR 3). We found that sarcopenia rates were similar between AD stages according to CDR in our study population and dysphagia could be seen in every stage of AD. In a multivariate analysis, polypharmacy and sarcopenia were found to be independently associated factors for dysphagia, irrespective of stage of AD (OR: 6.1, CI: 1.57-23.9, P = 0.009; OR: 4.9, CI: 1.24-19.6, P = 0.023, respectively). Conclusion Aspirations may be subtle so that AD patients and caregivers may not be aware of swallowing difficulties. Therefore, all AD patients, especially those who have polypharmacy and/or sarcopenia (probable-sarcopenia-severe sarcopenia), should be screened for dysphagia in every stage.

Background: The novel molecule endocan, which is released by endothelium and is regulated by proangiogenic and proinflammatory cytokines, may have a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum endocan levels and AD. Methods: A total of 134 patients (47 AD, 42 amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI], and 45 control patients) 65 years of age and older were recruited in this study. Cognitive status of the patients was evaluated by performing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Serum endocan levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Median serum endocan level was significantly higher in AD patients (380.1 ng/mL) than in both aMCI patients (247.7 ng/mL) and controls (277.6 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Serum endocan level had a weak but significant correlation with MMSE and MOCA scores (r = –0.219 and r = –0.232; p = 0.012 and p = 0.01, respectively). Serum endocan level was detected as a factor independently associated with AD. The cutoff serum level of endocan predicting AD was >288.94 ng/mL in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve 0.71, 95% CI 66.7–90.9, sensitivity 80.9%, specificity 59.8%; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Higher serum endocan levels may be associated with the pathogenesis of AD.

Introduction: Sarcopenia, which is described as loss of muscle mass and function, worsens daily living activities of older people. Sarcopenia is a component of frailty that causes falls and fractures in older people. The aim of this study was to evaluate sarcopenia and frailty status of older people with distal radius fracture (DRF) and compare with age- and sex-matched controls without DRF. Materials and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study including 27 patients with DRF and 28 controls without fracture who applied to geriatric outpatient clinic. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the definition of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Frailty was assessed by Fried frailty index. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was applied to all participants. Results: Median ages were 70 and 69 years (min: 65, max: 87 in both) in patients with DRF and controls, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia was similar between the groups ( P = .48). Prefrail–frail (nonrobust) phenotype was higher in patients with DRF ( P = .04). Nonrobust phenotype was an independent variable predicting DRF in logistic regression models. Discussion: This study showed that nonrobust phenotype was an independent variable predicting DRF. Conclusion: Assessment of frailty and detecting patients with nonrobust phenotype may help clinicians in fracture prevention strategies.

As a consequence of hypercortisolism, Cushing syndrome (CS) is frequently observed with other diseases that are associated with atherosclerosis, including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in CS. We investigate CVD risk markers such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), highsensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), homocysteine, lipid levels, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and carotid intimamedia thickness (CIMT) in CS.Our study included 27 patients with CS and 27 age-, sex-, body mass index (BMI)-, and comorbid disease-matched control subjects.Plasma ADMA levels were significantly lower in the CS group than the control group (P = .013). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B levels were higher in patients with CS than the control group (P.05). We did not find any statistically significant differences in levels of hsCRP, Lp-PLA2, or homocysteine or CIMT and ABI measurements between the CS group and comorbidity-matched control group (P.05).We found that ADMA levels were lower in CS, the finding that should be further investigated. Levels of hsCRP, Lp-PLA2, and homocysteine levels and CIMT and ABI measurements were similar between the CS group and comorbidity-matched control group. None of these markers was prominent to show an increased risk of CVD in CS, independent of the comorbidities of CS.ABI = ankle-brachial index Apo = apolipoprotein ADMA = asymmetric dimethylarginine BMI = body mass index CVD = cardiovascular disease CIMT = carotid intima-media thickness CS = Cushing syndrome DM = diabetes mellitus DDAH = dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay HDL = high-density lipoprotein hsCRP = high-sensitive C-reactive protein HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HT = hypertension LDL = low-density lipoprotein Lp-PLA2 = lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 Lp-a = lipoprotein a NO = nitric oxide.