1. Localization of hRad9 in breast cancer
- Author
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George K. H. Li, Dacita Suen, Wong, Ui-Soon Khoo, T. K. Chan, Ava Kwong, Ken Lau, and Vivian Chan
- Subjects
Transcriptional Activation ,CA15-3 ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cell cycle checkpoint ,DNA Repair ,Cell Cycle Proteins - biosynthesis - genetics ,CA 15-3 ,Breast Neoplasms ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Biology ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Breast cancer ,Surgical oncology ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Protein Isoforms ,Phosphorylation ,Mammary Glands, Human ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics ,Gene ,Breast Neoplasms - genetics - pathology ,Carcinoma ,Phosphotransferases ,Carcinoma - genetics - pathology ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,DNA Repair - genetics ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,Organ Specificity ,Cancer research ,Female ,Stem cell ,Research Article ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Background: hRad9 is a cell cycle checkpoint gene that is up-regulated in breast cancer. We have previously shown that the mRNA up-regulation correlated with tumor size and local recurrence. Immunohistochemical studies were made to better define the role of hRad9 in breast carcinogenesis. Methods: Localisation of hRad9 protein were performed on paired tumor and normal breast tissues. Immunoblotting with and without dephosphorylation was used to define the protein isolated from breast cancer cells. Results: Increased hRad9 protein was observed in breast cancer cells nucleus compared to non-tumor epithelium. This nuclear protein existed in hyperphosphorylated forms which may be those of the hRad9-hRad1-hHus1 complex. Conclusion: Finding of hyperphosphorylated forms of hRad9 in the nucleus of cancer cells is in keeping with its function in ameliorating DNA instability, whereby it inadvertently assists tumor growth. © 2008 Chan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd., published_or_final_version
- Published
- 2008
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