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Food waste is a serious problem in our modern era, causing economic loss and exacerbating issues like hunger, environmental pollution, and water shortage. Residual food is one main culprit that can be easily eliminated by proper packaging. Advanced packaging techniques with self-cleaning and anti-fouling capabilities are critically important to tackle this issue. In this regard, superhydrophobic coatings are emerging as an innovative approach to address many critical issues in the food industry. Superhydrophobic coatings can prevent fouling and contamination of food packages. An additional capability is the minimization of food waste and improving consumer experience due to the easy sliding of food from the inner side of the package. In this article, we provide an overview of recent studies on the application of superhydrophobic coatings and surfaces for food packaging applications, with a focus on studies aimed at reducing residual food waste via superhydrophobic coatings prepared from edible, nontoxic, and ecofriendly materials.

Introduction:Cardiopulmonary arrest is on of the most important causes requiring first aid in big metropolis. Cardiac arrest may be often seen in airports, shopping centers (SC), prisons, sports facilities, industrial zones, public transport stations and nursing homes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate effectiveness of training by measuring knowledge level of SC employees before and after first aid training, and to create awareness for the presence and use of automatic external defibrillator. Material & Methods: Employees of a shopping center were trained for first aid on voluntary basis in Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training & Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic between 01.01.2015 and 31.06.2015. A total of 332 volunteer shopping center employees were included in the study. Pretest and posttest questions and first aid training were organized based on AHA 2010 guidelines. Results: The mean age of participants was 33.8±8.0 years and 233 (70.2%) of them were male. Of participants 74.4% were working for less than one year, 83.1% were cleaning staff and security guard, and 42.8% were high school graduated. It was found that post-training correct answer rate was found to be statistically significantly increased in all test questions. There was a weak negative correlation before the training, and a strong negative correlation after the training between total test score and age. In addition, educational status of the participants was correlated with both pre- and post-training total test score with both pre- and post-training total scores were increased with educational level. Conclusion: First aid training is important in crowded places such as shopping centers where cardiac arrest is likely to be encountered. Therefore, training employees for first aid could provide correct emergency first response., Введение:Остановка сердечной деятельности является одной из наиболее важных причин, требующих неотложной помощи в больших городах. Остановка сердечной деятельности может произойти у посетителей торговых центров, в аэропорту, местах заключения, спортивных объектах, промышленных зонах, станциях общественного транспорта и домах ухода. Целью представленного исследования явилась оценка эффективности обучения сотрудников торгового центра путем измерения уровня знаний до- и после первого тренинга по оказанию неотложной медицинской помощи и повышение осведомленности о наличии и использовании автоматического внешнего дефибриллятора. Материалы и методы: В период с 01.01.2015 по 31.06.2015 сотрудники торгового центра на добровольной основе проходили обучение для оказания первой медицинской помощи в Учебно-исследовательском госпитале, Больнице скорой медицинской помощи имени Сисли Хамидие Етфаль. Всего в исследование было включено 332 сотрудника волонтерского торгового центра. Предтестовые и посттестовые вопросы, а также обучение по оказанию первой помощи были организованы на основе рекомендаций AHA 2010 г. Результаты: Средний возраст участников составил 33,8±8,0 лет, 233 (70,2%) из них оказались мужчинами. Стаж работы у 74,4% участников составил не менее одного года, 83,1% относились к сотрудникам, занимающимся уборкой помещений и охранникам, 42,8% имели высшее образование. Частота правильных ответов после обучения статистически значимо возрастала во всех тестовых вопросах. Установлена слабая отрицательная корреляция до обучения и сильная отрицательная корреляция после обучения между общим баллом теста и возрастом сотрудников. Кроме того, образовательный статус участников коррелировал с итоговыми результатами как до-, так и после обучения, а общие баллы как до, так и после тренировки увеличивались с уровнем образования. Заключение:Обучение первой медицинской помощи является очень важной мерой в общественных местах, таких как торговые центры, где может возникнуть остановка сердца у посетителей. Таким образом, обучение сотрудников по оказанию первой помощи может обеспечить правильное реагирование в неотложных ситуациях., Кіріспе: Жүрек қызметінің тоқтауы үлкен қалалардағы шұғыл көмекті талап ететін ең маңызды себептердің бірі болып табылады. Жүрек қызметінің тоқтауы сауда орталықтары келушілермен, әуе жайда, бас бостандығынан айыру орындары, спорттық нысандар, қоғамдық көліктер стансаларында және күту үйлерінде болуы мүмкін. Шұғыл медициналық көмек көрсету бойынша бірінші тренингке дейінгі және содан кейінгі білім деңгейін өлшеу жолымен сауда ортылығы қызметкерлерін оқытудың және автоматты сыртқыдефибрилляторды пайдалану тиімділігін бағалау ұсынылған зерттеу мақсаты болды. Материалдар мен әдістер: 01.01.2015 - 31.06.2015 мерзімде сауда орталығы қызметкерлері ерікті негізде бірінші медициналық көмек көрсету үшін Оқу – зерттеу госпиталында, Сисли Хамидие Етфаль атындағы жедел медициналық көмек Ауруханасында оқытудан өтті. Зерттеуге сауда орталығы еріктілерінен барлығы 332 қызметкер енгізілді. Тесталды және тесттен кейінгі сұрақтар, сондай–ақ бірінші көмек көрсету бойынша оқыту АНА 2010ж нұсқаулары негізінде ұйымдастырылды. Нәтижелері: Қатысушылардың орташа жасы 33,8±8,0 жасты құрады, осыдан 233 (70,2%) ер адамдар болды. Қатысушылардың 74,4% жұмыс өтілі бір жылдан кем емес, 83,1% бөлмелерді жинаумен айналысатын қызметкерлер мен күзетшілер, 42,8% жоғары білім бар. Оқытудан кейін дұрыс жауаптар жиілігі барлық тестілік сұрақтарда статистикалық барынша өсті. Оқуға дейінгі болымсыз теріс корреляция және оқудан кейінгі күшті теріс корпреляция тестің жалпы баллымен және қызметкерлер жасы арасында байқалды. Содан басқа, қатысушылардың білім мәртебесі оқуға дейінгі және оқудан кейінгі қорытынды нәтижелермен корреляцияланды, ал жалпы баллдар жаттығуға дейін және жаттығудан кейін білім деңгейімен бірге артты. Қорытынды: Бірінші медициналық көмек көрсету қоғамдық орындарда, сол сияқты келушілер жүрегінің тоқтауы болуы мүмкін сауда орталықтарындағы өте маңызды шара болып табылады. Сонымен, бірінші көмек көрсету бойынша қызметкерлерді оқыту шұғыл жағдайларда дұрыс шешім қабылдауды қамтамасыз етуі мүмкін., Наука и здравоохранение, Выпуск 1 (21) 2019

Objective: Elderly people are more open to accidents due to the physical changes brought by ageing, and an accident or falling that may not cause an important problem in a normal healthy adult may lead to significant injury even death in elderly persons. In this study, we aimed to prospectively determine demographic features, clinical findings, comorbidities, trauma mechanisms and trauma localizations in geriatric patients who presented to our hospital, and to provide contribution to the management of geriatric trauma patients that account for a considerable part of presentations to emergency departments. Method: This study included a total of 2108 geriatric patients aged 65 years and over, who presented to the emergency department of Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training & Research Hospital due to trauma between 01/12/2014 and 30/11/2015. Patients’ demographic data, the way of arrival to emergency department, body region of trauma, GCS scores at the time of admission, vital findings at the time of admission and scene of the trauma were recorded. All data obtained about the patients were recorded to the prepared forms. Results: The incidence of geriatric trauma cases was 0.62% among all presentations. The rate of traumas experienced at street by patients aged under 75 years was significantly higher than those experienced at street by patients aged over 75 years (p, Мақсаты: Егде жастағы адамдар қартаюдан туындаған физикалық қиындықтар арқасында жазатайым жағдайларға бейім. Ересек адамда қиындықтар туғызбауы мүмкін апат немесе құлдырау түрлері егде жастағы адамдарда ауыр жарақаттарға әкеп соғып, тіпті өлімге әкелуі де мүмкін. Бұл зерттеуде біз жедел бөлімде емделетін гериатриялық науқастарда демографиялық белгілерді, клиникалық көріністерді, сырқаттанушылықтарды, жарақаттық механизмдерді және жарақаттардың орналасуын перспективті түрде бағалауға тырыстық, сондай-ақ, гериатрлы жарақат алған науқастарды басқарудың тактикасын анықтадық. Құралдар мен әдістер. Бұл зерттеуге жастары 65 және одан жоғары жастағы 2108 науқас қатысты, олар Этфаледегі Шишли Хамидие оқыту және зерттеу ауруханасының жедел жәрдем бөліміне 2014 жылдың 1 қаңтарынан бастап 30 қарашаға дейінгі кезеңде жарақатқа байланысты қаралған. Науқастардың демографиялық деректері, төтенше жағдайлар бөліміне жеткізу әдісі, жарақаттың орналасуы, қабылдау кезінде GCS баллдары, қабылдау кезінде өмірлік белгілер және жарақаттар орыны талданды. Барлық науқастар туралы алынған деректер арнайы әзірленген нысандарға енгізілді. Нәтижелер: Барлық науқастарда гериатриялық зақымдану деңгейі 0,62% құрады. 75 жастағы науқастарда көшеде алған жарақаттардың жиілігі 75 жастан асқан науқастармен салыстырғанда статистикалық жағынан айтарлықтай жоғары болды (р, Наука и здравоохранение, Выпуск 3 (21) 2019

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Continuous and reliable measurements of core body temperature (CBT) are vital for studies on human thermoregulation. Because tympanic membrane directly reflects the temperature of the carotid artery, it is an accurate and non-invasive method to record CBT. However, commercial tympanic thermometers lack portability and continuous measurements. In this study, graphene inks were utilized to increase the accuracy of the temperature measurements from the ear by coating graphene platelets on the lens of an infrared thermopile sensor. The proposed ear-based device was designed by investigating ear canal geometry and developed with 3D printing technology using the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Software, SolidWorks 2016. It employs an Arduino Pro Mini and a Bluetooth module. The proposed system runs with a 3.7 V, 850 mAh rechargeable lithium-polymer battery that allows long-term, continuous monitoring. Raw data are continuously and wirelessly plotted on a mobile phone app. The test was performed on 10 subjects under resting and exercising in a total period of 25 min. Achieved results were compared with the commercially available Braun Thermoscan, Original Thermopile, and Cosinuss One ear thermometers. It is also comprehended that such system will be useful in personalized medicine as wearable in-ear device with wireless connectivity.

This study examines whether the energy consumption for 15 members of the Middle Eastern & North African (MENA) countries is a stationary process over 1971-2010 period. Annual energy consumption data for Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Turkey, is analyzed using the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root test, in which structural breaks in level and/or trend are endogenously determined. The results of the LM test with two breaks showed that the energy consumption per capita in 8 MENA countries is a stationary process. This study suggests that it is possible to design consistent energy policies based on econometric models and forecasts of energy consumption in those 8 MENA countries., Cumhuriyet University, Department of Public Finance, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

Many optimists believed that the 'Arab Spring' was a ripe moment for regional radiant Turkey with its pro-active stance that could trigger 'demonstrative effect' and transform the conflict-ridden Middle Eastern (in) security complex into a pluralistic security community. However, those expectations on Turkey's capabilities to transform the region have fallen short as Middle East re-entered into turmoil. In this light, the article aims to conduct an academic inquiry into the reasons that curtailed Turkey of priming the pump for a regional security community in the region. It argues that international system (structural), sub-systemic (regional), and finally that of agential factors (Turkey's own domestic embodiment) hindered Turkey's efforts to transform the Middle East into security community. It concludes that three main hindrances (that of systemic, sub-systemic and domestic) which altogether, but particularly the latter, render Turkey to fall short in restoring peace and stability back to the Middle East at the time of Arab uprisings.

Hintergrund: In der Vergangenheit stellten wir bereits die Technik der Structured Illumiation Microscopy (SIM) zur hochauflösenden Darstellung autofluoreszenter Granula des RPE in vitro vor. Eine Anwendung in vivo existiert bisher nicht. Methoden: Basierend auf der SIM-Technik entwickelten wir[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 30. Jahrestagung der Retinologischen Gesellschaft

In this paper, we present a wireless Multiple Smart Sensor System (MSSS) in conjunction with a smartphone to enable an unobtrusive monitoring of electrocardiogram (ear-lead ECG) integrated with multiple sensor system which includes core body temperature and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) for ambulatory patients. The proposed behind-the-ear device makes the system desirable to measure ECG data: technically less complex, physically attached to non-hair regions, hence more suitable for long term use, and user friendly as no need to undress the top garment. The proposed smart sensor device is similar to the hearing aid device and is wirelessly connected to a smartphone for physiological data transmission and displaying. This device not only gives access to the core temperature and ECG from the ear, but also the device can be controlled (removed and reapplied) by the patient at any time, thus increasing the usability of personal healthcare applications. A number of combination ECG electrodes, which are based on the area of the electrode and dry/non-dry nature of the surface of the electrodes are tested at various locations near behind the ear. The best ECG electrode is then chosen based on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the measured ECG signals. These electrodes showed acceptable SNR ratio of ~20 db, which is comparable with existing tradition ECG electrodes. The developed ECG electrode systems is then integrated with commercially available PPG sensor (Amperor pulse oximeter) and core body temperature sensor (MLX90614) using a specialized micro controller (Arduino UNO) and the results monitored using a newly developed smartphone (android) application.

PubMed ID: 22889404, Aim: Evidence suggests that orexin regulates food consumption, glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Orexin may have a role in the pathogenesis of type II diabetes mellitus, however its role in gestational diabetes mellitus is not known. We aimed to assess maternal serum and cord blood orexin-A (OXA) concentrations in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Material and Methods: Thirty-five pregnant women with GDM and 35 gestational-age-matched healthy pregnant subjects participated in the study. Maternal serum and cord blood OXA levels were measured with enzyme immunoassay at the time of birth. The correlations between maternal serum and cord blood OXA levels, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also assessed. Results: The mean maternal and cord serum OXA (1.16 ± 0.37 and 1.35 ± 0.20 ng/mL, respectively) in the GDM group were significantly different from those of the controls (1.58 ± 0.59 and 1.25 ± 0.21 ng/mL, respectively). The mean maternal fasting-glucose-to-OXA ratio was significantly higher in the GDM group. In the GDM group, the mean maternal serum OXA levels were similar in the insulin (n = 24) and diet (n = 11) treated cases, respectively (1.13 ± 0.36 ng/mL and 1.21 ± 0.41 ng/mL). Maternal serum OXA levels positively correlated with fetal serum OXA and maternal glucose levels. OXA concentrations in maternal serum were negatively correlated with the fasting glucose, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index. Conclusions: Maternal serum OXA levels decrease, and fetal serum OXA levels increase in women with GDM. © 2012 The Authors.

Objective: Children with Turner syndrome (TS) have a specific growth pattern that is quite different from that of healthy children. Many countries have population-specific growth charts for TS. Considering national and ethnic differences, we undertook this multicenter collaborative study to construct growth charts and reference values for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) from 3 years of age to adulthood for spontaneous growth of Turkish girls with TS. Methods: Cross-sectional height and weight data of 842 patients with TS, younger than 18 years of age and before starting any therapy, were evaluated. Results: The data were processed to calculate the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th percentile values for defined ages and to construct growth curves for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age of girls with TS. The growth pattern of TS girls in this series resembled the growth pattern of TS girls in other reports, but there were differences in height between our series and the others. Conclusion: This study provides disease-specific growth charts for Turkish girls with TS. These disease-specific national growth charts will serve to improve the evaluation of growth and its management with growth-promoting therapeutic agents in TS patients.