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It is reported the case of a 7-month-old male goat of alpine race, who presented claudication of the right hind limb without definite cause. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed, suggesting traumatic dislocation or avascular necrosis of the femoral head with consequent degenerative joint disease. It was performed a surgical treatment by an arthroplasty by excision of the head and neck of femur. The histopathological study by staining hematoxylin and eosin described: necrotic bone, lacunae containing necrotic osteocytes, as well as necrotic bone marrow. This information proved the diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and neck. In the post-surgical period, the clinical recovery of the patient was considered good, the pain was mitigated and the function of the affected limb was improved. The present case is the first report of this disease in goats in Peru., Se reporta el caso de una cabra macho de raza alpina de 7 meses de edad, que presentaba claudicación del miembro posterior derecho sin causa definida. Se realizaron los exámenes clínicos y radiográficos, sugiriendo luxación traumática o necrosis avascular de cabeza femoral con consecuente enfermedad degenerativa articular. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico mediante artroplastia por excisión de cabeza y cuello femoral. El estudio histopatológico mediante la coloración de hematoxilina y eosina describió: hueso necrótico, lagunas conteniendo osteocitos necróticos, además de médula ósea necrótica. Esta información comprobó el diagnóstico de necrosis avascular de la cabeza y cuello femoral. En el post quirúrgico, la recuperación clínica del paciente se consideró buena, mitigando el dolor y mejorando la función del miembro afectado. El presente caso se trata del primer reporte de esta enfermedad en caprinos en el Perú. &nbsp

RESUMEN Se reporta el caso de una cabra macho de raza alpina de 7 meses de edad, que presentaba claudicación del miembro posterior derecho sin causa definida. Se realizaron los exámenes clínicos y radiográficos, sugiriendo luxación traumática o necrosis avascular de cabeza femoral con consecuente enfermedad degenerativa articular. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico mediante artroplastia por excisión de cabeza y cuello femoral. El estudio histopatológico mediante la coloración de hematoxilina y eosina describió: hueso necrótico, lagunas conteniendo osteocitos necróticos, además de médula ósea necrótica. Esta información comprobó el diagnóstico de necrosis avascular de la cabeza y cuello femoral. En el post quirúrgico, la recuperación clínica del paciente se consideró buena, mitigando el dolor y mejorando la función del miembro afectado. El presente caso se trata del primer reporte de esta enfermedad en caprinos en el Perú. ABSTRACT It is reported the case of a 7-month-old male goat of alpine race, who presented claudication of the right hind limb without definite cause. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed, suggesting traumatic dislocation or avascular necrosis of the femoral head with consequent degenerative joint disease. It was performed a surgical treatment by an arthroplasty by excision of the head and neck of femur. The histopathological study by staining hematoxylin and eosin described: necrotic bone, lacunae containing necrotic osteocytes, as well as necrotic bone marrow. This information proved the diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and neck. In the post-surgical period, the clinical recovery of the patient was considered good, the pain was mitigated and the function of the affected limb was improved. The present case is the first report of this disease in goats in Peru.

Cancer pagurus and Cancer borealis and are edible crabs produced by economically relevant aquaculture. In this study the hemocytes and some plasmatic parameters of Cancer borealis and Cancer pagurus were examined. The cell features of the hemocytes were observed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Granulocytes, semigranulocytes and hyalinocytes were mainly identified on the basis of size, presence/absence and quantity of the cytoplasmic granules and the nucleus-to-citoplasma (N/C) ratio. SEM observations were useful for disclosing the surface features of these cells, and the same characteristics were found in both crab species. A smooth surface distinguishes elongated hyalinocytes and a rough texture the irregular surface of spherical/ovoid granular cells. Total (THC) and differential hemocyte counts (DHC) were performed, and the differences between the two crab species were disclosed. Also we were valuated pH and osmolarity values, agglutinating activity and different protein contents of the hemolymph.

Il volume tratta la relazione tra il processo di design e il processo di scrittura.

Phylogenetic analysis recognizes echinoderms as a key group of deuterostomes, therefore the species in this group are useful for the study of the evolution of innate immunity responses. In addition, this marine invertebrate lives in coastal and estuarine waters that are directly exposed to potentially pathogenic microorganisms and stressful anthropogenic factors. Coelomocyte populations seem to be essential to immune-defence functions such as phagocytosis, ROI production, cytotoxicity, synthesis and release of antimicrobial substances including lectin, cytokine, C3-like expression, prophenoloxidase activity and capsule formation. Holothurians’ coelomocyte populations contain several coelomocyte types, including phagocytes, and can form brown bodies in response to multicellular parasites. Holothuria tubulosa coelomic fluid contains three main coelomocyte categories: amoebocytes, spherulocytes and progenitor cells. The amoebocytes represent about 30 % of the total population, and in living cell preparations exhibit two distinct forms: petaloid and philopodial; spherule cells represent the numerically dominant cell type (about 60 %). Progenitor cells are present in a lesser amount (about 20 %); they are similar to lymphocytes and show a nucleus that is typically prominent with a thin rim of cytoplasm. In the present report we show that coelomocytes of Holothuria tubulosa are able to exert cytotoxic activity against different cellular targets such as rabbit or sheep erythrocytes and the human erythromyeloid leukaemia-derived cell line K562. Moreover, the unseparated coelomocyte supernatant lysate (CLS) exerts a lytic activity, even in the absence of calcium, against the same targets. Analysis of the coelomocyte lysate by overlay assays with sheep and rabbit erythrocytes on PAGE without SDS showed a protein pattern composed by two main hemolytic bands with different electrophoretic mobility. The one with low mobility (I) showed calcium independent haemolytic activity while high mobility band (II) showed calcium dependent activity. The two bands were eluted from the gel and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and stained with silver stain; band I could be separated in three components of different sizes (52, 42 and 41 kDa), and band II had a size of 43 kDa. Spherule cells seemed to be the effector cells, as shown by a plaque lysis assay. Further studies are in progress to identify the lytic proteins and the lytic mechanism at work on both a molecular and cellular level.

É discutida a eficácia do Programa Escola de Pais, da 1ª Vara da Infância e Juventude do Rio de Janeiro. Os objetivos são: construção da evidência de eficácia da promoção da saúde; discussão sobre o conceito de eficácia; identificação de estratégias para sustentabilidade de resultados, e discussão de modelos de avaliação. A análise baseia-se no acompanhamento de 48 pais ou responsáveis por crianças e adolescentes. Os resultados são fortemente favoráveis para "integração familiar" e "busca dos direitos sociais", e favoráveis para "reintegração de crianças" antes institucionalizadas.The efficacy of the "School for Parents" program undertaken by the First Court of Childhood and Youth of Rio de Janeiro is discussed. Objectives: building up the evidence of efficacy of health promotion; discussion on the efficacy concept; identification of strategies that foster results sustainability; discussion of evaluation models. The analysis is grounded on the monitoring of 48 parents in charge of children under 18. Results indicate highly favorable answers for family integration and searching for social rights; and favorable for the reintegration of children previously sheltered in institutions.

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are rapidly synthesized within stressed cells after exposure to an environmental stressor. A variety of environmental stresses, including heat, cold, trace-metal exposure, xenobiotics have been reported to modulate Hsps expression in various organisms. Hsps are grouped into several families based on their protein size. Most organisms have several genes encoding members of this Hsp family. In particularly Hsp70 can be induced quickly under stressful conditions, but return to a normal expression level under non-stressful conditions. Few studies have been done to detect the Hsp70 expression in phytophagous insects towards pathogens. Since a preliminary research disclosed that Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) negatively interacts with R. ferrugineus circulating hemocytes so that their number was dramatically decreased. In the present research we examine the expression of Hsp70 in hemocytes from R. ferrugineus larvae feed with a commercial product based on Bt. Western blot analyses using monoclonal anti-HSP 70 antibody showed that the expression of Hsp 70 was modulated reaching the highest value, seven times highest to the control, after 3h from the treatment. The Hsp70 values had the same value of the control at 6 hours. Monitoring the Hsp70 for 48 hours we notice a further decrement. This result highlights a stress condition, caused by Bt, as showed also by the reduction of the larval weight. So Hsp70 may be a suitable tool to detect rapidly stress condition induced by potential entomopathogens.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de hidrometra o pseudopreñez en 38 cabras lecheras criadas bajo un régimen de explotación intensiva. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante ultrasonografía transabdominal a los 45 días del servicio por monta natural. Se consideró una cabra pseudogestante cuando se observó una imagen anecogénica, con la sola presencia de fluido y trabéculas de paredes finas. La incidencia de la hidrometra fue de 5.3%. Los animales afectados fueron tratados con prostaglandina comercial (PGF2), corrigiéndose la anomalía y presentando celo dentro de los 4 días del tratamiento. Una cabra quedó gestante y la otra volvió a presentar la hidrometra The aim of this study was to determine the presence of hydrometra or pseudopregnancy in 38 dairy goats raised under intensive system. The diagnosis was done using transabdominal ultrasonography at 45 days of natural service. The affected goats were diagnosed as positive when the uterus presented a visible accumulation of fluid and presence of trabeculae in the image. The incidence of a hydrometra was of 5.3%. Both affected animals were successfully treated with commercial prostaglandin (PGF2), and estruses occurred 4 days after the treatment. One goat got pregnant while the hydrometra recurred in the other goat