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This study aims to determine the relationship between faculty members’ perceptions of their academic titles and job stress, and the variables affecting their perceptions. Designed as a survey, the quantitative method was used in the study. The research sample consisted of faculty members working at ten public universities. The data were collected via two scales named “Scale of Academic Title Perception” and “Scale of Academics’ Job Stress”. The obtained data were analyzed by frequency and percentage values, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis. A significant difference was found in terms of faculty members’ titles and subject areas and perceptions of the faculty members were differentiated by components of the Scale of Academic Title Perception. Likewise, there was a significant difference between faculty members’ perceptions regarding their job stress levels and their academic titles, seniorities and genders. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the academic title perceptions of the faculty members and their levels of job stress. The results indicate that the faculty members’ perceptions of academic titles and the components of the titles are a significant predictor of the level of job stress and there is a significant negative correlation between them. Some suggestions are made to take measures that will positively affect the academic title perceptions of faculty members and reduce their job stress.

To characterize alterations in pupillary light reflex responses in subjects following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially those with long-COVID.Thirty-five subjects with previous COVID-19 and 30 healthy control participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional comparative study. An infrared dynamic pupillometry system (MonPack One; Metrovision, France) was used to quantify pupillary light responses. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) long-COVID questionnaire was used to identify persisting symptoms at least 4 weeks after acute COVID-19.The median time after the diagnosis of acute COVID-19 was 4.0 (2.0-5.0) months. There was an increase in the latency of pupil contraction (P = 0.001) and a reduction in the duration of pupil contraction (P = 0.039) in post-COVID-19 subjects compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were observed in the initial pupil diameter, amplitude and velocity of pupil contraction or latency, velocity and duration of pupil dilation. Long-COVID was present in 25/35 (71%) subjects and their duration of pupil contraction was reduced compared to subjects without long-COVID (P = 0.009). The NICE long-COVID questionnaire total score (ρ = - 0.507; P = 0.002) and neurological score (ρ = - 0.412; P = 0.014) correlated with the duration of pupil contraction and the total score correlated with the latency of dilation (ρ = - 0.352; P = 0.038).Dynamic pupillometry reveals significant alterations in contractile pupillary light responses, indicative of parasympathetic dysfunction after COVID-19.

Purpose of the study The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of B cell-mediated immunity with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Study design In this retrospective cohort and single-centre study, 208 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were recruited. A COVID-19 severity score, ranging from 0 to 10, was used to evaluate associations between various factors. Serum immunoglobulin levels and the number of cells in B lymphocyte subsets were measured and their association with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 examined. Results The median age of the patients was 50 (35–63) years and 88 (42%) were female. The number of deceased patients was 17. The median COVID-19 severity score was 8 (6–8) in deceased patients and 1 (0–2) in survivors. Deceased patients had significantly lower levels of total B lymphocytes, naive B cells, switched memory B cells, and serum IgA, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 than recovered patients (all p Conclusion In the present study, the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 was shown to be associated with the B cell subset and serum immunoglobulin levels.

ÖZET Özellikle kronik hastalığı olan koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) hastalarının iyileşme süreleri uzayabilmekte ve hastalığın klinik seyri ağır seyredebilmektedir. Uzamış şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) pozitifliği ve rekürren COVID-19 tespit edilen hastada sitomegalovirüs (CMV) pnömonisi gelişmesi ve derin lenfopeni tespit edilmesi üzerine immünoloji kliniğine konsülte edildi. Burada değerlendirilen periferik lenfosit subgrup analizinde CD4 düzeyi %1 (27-57) çıkması üzerine insan immün yetmezlik virüsü (HIV) testleri gönderildi. HIV RNA pozitif olarak gelen hasta enfeksiyon hastalıklarına yönlendirildi. Rekürren COVID-19 ve uzamış SARS-CoV-2 PCR pozitifliği olan hastalarda HIV gibi immün yetmezliğin viral sebepleri de göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, CMV, HIV, immün yetmezlik

Amaç: Corona Virüs 2019 Hastalığı (COVID-19)’nda şu ana kadar spesifik antiviral ajan olmamasına rağmen tedavi için konvelesan plazma (CP) tedavisi tedavi için kullanılmıştır. Ancak CP tedavisinin prognoz ve mortalite üzerindeki etkinliği halen tartışma konusudur. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 hastalığında CP tedavisinin etkinliğine ilişkin deneyimlerimizin paylaşması amaçlandı. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Çalışma Mayıs 2020-Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında standart tedaviye ek olarak CP tedavisi alan 126 COVID-19 tanılı hastada gerçekleştirildi. 126 hasta ilk beş gün içinde (Grup A) ve beş günden sonra (Grup B) CP uygulananlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Bu iki gruptaki hastalar laboratuvar parametreleri, klinik bulgular ve mortalite açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Toplam 126 hasta Grup A'da 86 hasta ve Grup B'de 40 hasta) tespit edildi. 119 (%94.4) hasta şifa ile taburcu olurken 7 (%5,5) hasta kaybedildi. Ortalama hastane yatış süresi Grup A'da 11.4±0.7, Grup B'de 18.4±1.7 gün olarak bulundu (p

Background/AimsLong COVID is characterised by a range of potentially debilitating symptoms which develop in at least 10% of people who have recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study has quantified corneal sub-basal nerve plexus morphology and dendritic cell (DC) density in patients with and without long COVID.MethodsForty subjects who had recovered from COVID-19 and 30 control participants were included in this cross-sectional comparative study undertaken at a university hospital. All patients underwent assessment with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) long COVID, Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) and Fibromyalgia questionnaires, and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to quantify corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL), and total, mature and immature DC density.ResultsThe mean time after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was 3.7±1.5 months. Patients with neurological symptoms 4 weeks after acute COVID-19 had a lower CNFD (p=0.032), CNBD (p=0.020), and CNFL (p=0.012), and increased DC density (p=0.046) compared with controls, while patients without neurological symptoms had comparable corneal nerve parameters, but increased DC density (p=0.003). There were significant correlations between the total score on the NICE long COVID questionnaire at 4 and 12 weeks with CNFD (ρ=−0.436; p=0.005, ρ=−0.387; p=0.038, respectively) and CNFL (ρ=−0.404; p=0.010, ρ=−0.412; p=0.026, respectively).ConclusionCorneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal small nerve fibre loss and increased DCs in patients with long COVID, especially those with neurological symptoms. CCM could be used to objectively identify patients with long COVID.

Objective: To investigate neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios, and the value of these parameters in determining disease severity and progression in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted retrospectively with 182 in-patients and 91 controls due to COVID-19 between April-September 2020 in the chest diseases clinic. Hematological parameters and rates were compared with controls’ parameters. Correlations and differences between hematological parameters and other parameters were investigated. Results: Lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, hemoglobin, thrombocyte, and LMR were significantly lower. NLR and PLR were higher. There were significant increases in hematological parameters and PLR on discharge. A positive correlation existed between radiological pneumonia severity score, and NLR (r=0.234, p=0.001) and PLR (r=0.128, p=0.042), and significant inverse correlation with LMR (r=-0.206, p=0.003). Positive correlations were detected between NLR (r=0.140, p=0.030) and PLR (r=0.125, p=0.046), and symptom-discharge time, and inverse correlation between LMR, and both symptom-discharge (r=-0.137, p=0.032) and hospital stay time (r=-0.135, p=0.034). A positive correlation existed between CRP, and NLR and PLR on admission and discharge. Conclusion: NLR, LMR and PLR were found as hematological predictors to be used with CRP in following-up COVID-19, showing a significant correlation with disease severity, monitoring responses to treatment and predicting prognosis.

This research aimed to examine the meanings attributed to the concept of studying in line with the opinions of university students. As one of the qualitative research methods, phenomenology design was used. Convenience sampling technique was used to determine the study group. 353 senior university students, studying at Inonu University in the 2020-2021 academic year, were included in the study. Data were obtained with a form containing an explanation about the research and metaphor that was sent to the students electronically. The content analysis technique was used in the deciphering of the data obtained in the study. Results showed that the university students produced 191 different metaphors about the concept of lesson studying. When the metaphors created by university students were categorized thematically, 14 different categories were identified. In terms of frequency, metaphor concepts are grouped under categories such as being painful, enlightening the future, being a basic need, being dependent on labor, being instructive, addictive, obtaining a product, being a task, entertaining, being the key to success, being comforting, beneficial, being continuous and valuable. It was found that almost twenty-five percent of university students perceive studying as torment and torture. At the end of the research, suggestions were made on the subject in line with the findings.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), with pulmonary artery diameter (PAD), age, gender, disease duration, disease stages, extrapulmonary involvement, and spontaneous remission in patients with sarcoidosis. Materials and Methods: Diagnosed and followed-up in the chest diseases clinic between 2010-2020, 60 sarcoidosis patients were included. Patients’ demographic data, clinical course, information over treatment, radiological and echocardiographic examinations were recorded. sPAB was utilized to calculate mean PAP based on ECHO. PAD was measured by an experienced radiologist in thoracic CT. Associatons of PAP and PAD with other parameters were investigated. Results: sPAP and PAD were found as 29.68±5.73 mmHg and 28.20±5.75 mm. A significant correlation was detected between them (r=0.46 p

Amac: Sarkoidoz, etiyolojisi bilinmeyen ve non-kazeifiye granulomatoz inflamasyon ile karakterize multifaktoriyel bir hastaliktir. Sarkoidoz patogenezi ise inflamasyon ve otoimmun aktivasyon olarak tanimlanir. Bu nedenle sarkoidoz hastaliginda plazma clusterin ve α-klotho duzeylerini degerlendirmeyi amacladik. Hastalar ve yontemler: Sarkoidozlu 40 hasta (ortalama yas: 52,10±12.60 yil; 12 erkek, 28 kadin) ve 40 saglikli gonullu (ortalama yas: 37,40±18.20 yil; 12 erkek, 28 kadin) calismaya alindi. Her iki gruptan alinan kan ornekleri ile plazma clusterin ve α-klotho duzeyleri enzime bagli immunosorban testi (ELISA) ile arastirildi. Bulgular: Sarkoidozlu hastalarda plazma clusterin duzeyleri (309.73±40.68 ng/ml) saglikli gruba (117.86±102.03 ng/ml) kiyasla anlamli olarak daha yuksekti (p=0.005). α-klotho plazma duzeyleri ise sarkoidoz grubunda 5.34±7.30 ng/ml ve saglikli grupta 7.21±9.84 ng/ml olarak belirlendi, minimal bir azalma gozlendi ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark yoktu (p=0.338). Sarkoidozlu hastalarin hemoglobin duzeylerinin saglikli gruba gore azaldigi belirlendi (12.93±1.02 g/dL'ye karsilik 14.06±1.50 g/dL) (p=0.012). Sonuc: Sarkoidozun bagimsiz olarak yuksek seviyelerde clusterin ile iliskili oldugu sonucuna varildi. Plazma clusterin duzeyleri sarkoidoz icin potansiyel bir biyobelirtec olabilir. Literature gore bu calisma, sarkoidozda clusterin ve α-klotho' nun plazma seviyeleri icin bilgi verilen ilk calismadir. Bu konuda daha fazla ve kapsamli arastirmalara ihtiyac vardir.

Bu çalışma, yükseköğretim öğrencilerinin covid-19 fobilerine ve kaygı düzeylerine göre pandemi sürecinde yüz yüze eğitim etkinliğini karma bir metodoloji ile değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma yakınsak paralel karma araştırma deseni çerçevesinde tasarlanmıştır. Nicel veriler, Türkiye'de Akdeniz bölgesinde yer alan bir üniversitede, 248 yükseköğretim öğrencisinin katılımıyla covid-19 fobisi anketi kullanılarak; nitel veriler ise, 64 öğrencinin katılımıyla hastalığa yakalanma kaygılarına ilişkin açık uçlu bir soru kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin ilk bölümünde demografik bilgiler yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde, 5'li Likert tipinde 20 soru maddesi bulunmaktadır. Nitel kısmında ise, farklı görüşlerin de ifade edilebilmesini sağlamak amacıyla, bir açık uçlu soru ifadesine yer verilmiştir. Normal dağılım gösteren nicel veriler, istatistiksel programlar kullanılarak, nitel veriler ise katılımcı görüşlerinin betimlenmesi için içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, yüz yüze eğitim sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin covid-19 fobisi olduğunu ve fobilerinin aşı türü ile hastalığı bulaştırmaktan endişe ettikleri kişilerin bulunmasına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşın, ikamet edilen yerin öğrencilerin covid-19 fobisi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, öğrenciler hastalığa yakalanma kaygılarını çevresel, bireysel ve eğitimsel faktörler bağlamında açıklamaktadırlar.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible coronavirus and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19). COVID-19 has a deep impact on public health as one of the most serious pandemics in the last century. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 is important for monitoring and assessing its evolution. This is only possible by detecting all mutations in the viral genome through genomic sequencing. Moreover, accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 and tracking its mutations is also required for its correct diagnosis. Potential effects of mutations on the prognosis of the disease can be observed. Assignment of epidemiological lineages in an emerging pandemic requires efforts. To address this, we collected 1000 SARS-CoV-2 samples from different geographical regions in Turkey and analyze their genome comprehensively. To track the virus across Turkey we focus on 10 distinct cities in different geographic regions. Each SARS-CoV-2 genome was analyzed and named according to the nomenclature system of Nextclade and Pangolin Lineage. Furthermore, the frequency of the variations observed in 10 months was also determined by region. In this way, we have observed how the virus mutations and what kind of transmission mechanism it has. The effects of age and disease severity on lineage distribution were other considered parameters. The temporal rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants by time in Turkey were close to the global trend. This study is one of the most comprehensive whole genome analyses of SARS-CoV-2 that represents a general picture of the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variations in Turkey in 2021.Author SummarySince the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, the viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 was analysed intensively all over the world both to detect its zoonotic origin and the emerging variants worldwide together with the variants’ effect on the prognosis and treatment, respectively, of the infection. Remarkable COVID-19 studies were also made in Turkey as it was in the rest of the world. To date, indeed, almost all studies on COVID-19 in Turkey either sequenced only a small number of the viral genome or analysed the viral genome which was obtained from online databases. In respect thereof, our study constitutes a milestone regarding both the huge sample size consisting of 1000 viral genomes and the widespread geographic origin of the viral genome samples. Our study provides new insights both into the SARS-CoV-2 landscape of Turkey and the transmission of the emerging viral pathogen and its interaction with its vertebrate host.

Introduction: The etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous lung disease affecting many people, still remain unknown. Sarcoidosis is diagnosed by demonstrating non-caseous granulomas and ruling out granulomatous diseases. Therefore, sensitive biomarkers used in diagnosis and follow-up processes are needed. Our aim is to investigate diagnostic value of plasma protachykinin-1 (TAC1) levels in sarcoidosis patients.Methods: Forty-two sarcoidosis patients followed-up by the department of chest diseases, and 38 controls were included into the study. Clinical, radiological and laboratory data of patients were recorded, and plasma TAC1 levels were analyzed in patients and healthy controls. Results: Plasma TAC1 levels of sarcoidosis patients and controls were found as 1124.25±1117.25 ng/L and 1319.37±1357.38 ng/L, respectively. Although not statistically significant (p=0.338), a decrease was found in TAC1 levels of sarcoidosis patients. Additionally, patients’ lymphocyte levels were also found significantly lower than controls (p=0.007). No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory findings, including leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil count, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) CD4 +, CD8 +, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) CD4 +, BAL CD8 + and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and plasma TAC1 levels.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate plasma TAC1 levels as a biomarker in sarcoidosis patients. Although plasma TAC1 levels were slightly decreased in sarcoidosis patients, the decrease was not statistically significant, and no adequate data were provided for the use of plasma TAC1 level as a biomarker. We consider more comprehensive research are needed to elucidate the entity.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a neoplasia of unknown clinical etiology that clinically and radiologically tends to mimic a malignant neoplasm. The tumor is histologically composed of a mixture of inflammatory cells, myofibroblastic spindle cells and plasma cells. It can occur in any part of the body. Although pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is the most common primary lung mass especially in childhood, this entity is usually not considered in differential diagnosis of lung nodules or masses. In this article, we aimed to disscus the pathology and imaging findings of the pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and increase the familiarity of radiologists and clinicians to this entity.

Behçet’s disease (BD) causes vascular inflammation and necrosis in a wide range of organs and tissues. In the thorax, it may cause vascular complications, affecting the aorta, brachiocephalic arteries, bronchial arteries, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, capillaries, and mediastinal and thoracic inlet veins. In BD, chest radiograph is commonly used for the initial assessment of pulmonary symptoms and complications and for follow-up and establishment of the response to treatment. With the advancement of helical or multislice computed tomography (CT) technologies, such noninvasive imaging techniques have been employed for the diagnosis of vascular lesions, vascular complications, and pulmonary parenchymal manifestations of BD. CT scan (especially, CT angiography) has been used to determine the presence and severity of pulmonary complications without resorting to more invasive procedures, in conjunction with gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with the subtraction of arterial phase images. These radiologic methods have characteristics that are complementary to each other in diagnosis of the thoracic complications in BD. 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) MR imaging (MRI) could potentially yield superior image quality for pulmonary vessels and lung parenchyma when compared with breath-hold 3D MR angiography.

The prevalence and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) widely vary among populations. Mucosal immunity is the first barrier to the pathogen's entry into the body. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the primary antibody responsible for mucosal immunity. We explored the relationship between selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) and COVID-19 severity. We included 424 patients (203 women) with COVID-19. Eleven patients had SIgAD. Laboratory data of patients with SIgAD and normal IgA levels were compared. The relationship between SIgAD and severe COVID-19 infection was explored using logistic regression analysis. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of severe COVID-19 disease in patients with SIgAD was approximately 7.7-fold higher than that in other patients (odds ratio [OR], 7.789; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.665-36.690, P = 0.008), while it was 4-fold (OR, 4.053; 95% CI, 1.182-13.903, P = 0.026) higher in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Serum IgA levels were positively correlated with total lymphocyte counts and negatively correlated with C-reactive protein levels, which was a risk factor for severe COVID-19. In patients with SIgAD, the number of severe acute respiratory coronaviruses 2 that pass through mucosal membranes may be increased, leading to complications such as cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background The characteristic features of the immune responses of COVID‐19 patients and how they reflect lung involvement have not been clearly elucidated. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the immune status and the correlations thereof with chest CT scores and lung involvement of patients with COVID‐19. Methods In this retrospective and single‐center study, 72 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 were recruited. The counts of peripheral lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells and CD16+ 56+ NK cells) and those of serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) were measured and their associations with chest CT scores analysed. Results The proportions of lymphopenia in patients with extensive lung involvement were twice that in the general study population. In the severe disease group, the levels of total lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, NK cells; and serum IgA levels, were significantly lower than in the mild disease group (all P

The aim of this study is to reveal how university students conceptualize their perceptions of social justice. 393 university students were included as the sample of the research. An interview form was sent to the students online. The content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. As results, it was stated that every student is equal, opportunities are provided equally, there is no discrimination, social activities are equally benefited, every student is given the same rights, interests and needs are cared for, and every student is treated fairly. They expressed as the most unjust incidents are "necessity of distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic," "getting unworthy points," "discrimination," "lack of justice in scoring," "unfair scholarship distribution" and "no course exemption." In addition, since it is not in the literature, a scale can be developed regarding the social justice perception levels of students studying in higher education.

In the study, a mixed research method was used combining quantitative and qualitative data. The study group consisted of 302 school directors and deputy directors working in different schools within Hatay Province of Turkey. A data collection tool, developed according to the official standards of state schools, was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data together. In the quantitative dimention, we concluded that school administrators think that the music and fine arts classrooms, worship sections, sport fields, science laboratories, computer and technology laboratories were highly insufficient. The qualitative results also supported these findings. The participants stated that they wanted to expand the sport areas by adding indoor sports hall, football, basketball, volleyball and swimming pools. The participants also expressed that the physical deficiencies hinder the lessons being efficient, especially the lack of school gym, workshop and laboratory; moreover they stated that this situation turns the courses into more theoretical base than the practice, which are delimited between four walls of the classrooms. However, we have also observed some inconsistent findings between quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the study, as the results related to classrooms, heating and insulation were observed to be inconsistent when the qualitative and quantitative dimensions were compared.

Amaç: Kardiyak sarkoidoz (KS) farklı klinik bulgularla ortaya çıkabilir ve kötü bir prognoza sahiptir, ancak kalp nadiren tek başına etkilenir.Bu çalışmamızda, kalp tutulumu olan veya olmayan hastalarda elektrokardiyografi (EKG) kullanarak sarkoidozun aritmojenik etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Pulmoner sarkoidoz nedeniyle takip edilen toplam 61 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi ve 50 sağlıklı gönüllü çalışmaya alındı. Sarkoidoz hastaları da kalp tutulumu olan veya olmayan olarak gruplandırıldı (n = 11 / n = 35). QRS, QT, Tp-e, P dalga morfolojisi manuel olarak ölçüldü. Daha sonra Tp-e / QT, Tp-e / QTc, QT / QRS (kardiyak elektrofizyolojik denge indeksi) ve QTc / QRS oranları hesaplandı ve gruplar arası karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: EKG'de kalp hızı, QT / QTc aralığı, Tp-e aralıkları ve Tp-e / QT oranı ve PWD anlamlı olarak yüksek (p değerleri, Objective: Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) can manifest with different clinical signs and has a poor prognosis, but the heart is rarely affected alone. We aim to evaluate the arrhythmogenic effects of sarcoidosis by using electrocardiography (ECG) in patients with or without cardiac involvement.Materials and Methods: A total of 61 patients under follow-up for pulmonary sarcoidosis were retrospectively reviewed and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Sarcoidosis patients were also grouped as with or without cardiac involvement (n=11/ n=35). QRS, QT, Tp-e, P wave morphology were measured manually. Then, Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc, QT/QRS (index of cardiac electrophysiological balance), and QTc/QRS ratios were calculated and compared between groups.Results: Heart rate on ECG, QT/QTc interval, Tp-e intervals and Tp-e/QT ratio and PWD were significantly higher (p values < 0.018) and iCEB or iCEBc values, obtained with the QT/QRS ratio, were lower in the sarcoidosis group (p = 0.001). And we could not find a relationship between non-cardiac and CS and ECG parameters including QTc, Tp-e/QT ratio and iCEB (p= 0.501, p= 0.753 and p=0.490, respectively).Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a lower iCEB value and higher repolarization findings in sarcoidosis patient. However, there are no differences between with or without cardiac involvement.

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a simple, reliable, minimally invasive and effective procedure. However, a surgical technique may be required, if the results are negative. Therefore, there is a need for new studies to increase the diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA and provide additional information to guide the biopsy in performing the procedure. Here, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in diagnosis of hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs). It was also aimed to determine the contributions of real-time ultrasonography (USG) images of LNs to distinguishing between the malignant and benign LNs during EBUS-TBNA, and in the diagnosis of anthracotic LNs. Material and Method: In the retrospective study including 545 patients, 1068 LNs were sampled by EBUS-TBNA between January 2015 and February 2020. EBUS-TBNA, 18-FDG PET/CT and images of USG were investigated in the diagnosis of mediastinal and/or hilar malignant, anthracotic and other benign LNs. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA were found as 79.5, 98.1, 89.5, and 91.7%, respectively. Mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) values of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 6.31±4.3 in anthracotic LNs and 5.07 ± 2.53 in reactive LNs. Also, mean SUVmax of malignant LNs was 11.02 ± 7.30 and significantly higher than that of benign LNs. In differentiation of malignant-benign tumors, considering the cut off value of 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax as 2.72, the sensitivity and specificity was 99.3 and 11.7%, but given the cut off value as 6.48, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was found as 76.5, 64, 20.49, and 78.38% for benign LNs, respectively. Compared LNs as to internal structure and contour features, malignant LNs had most often irregular contours and heterogeneous density. Anthracotic, reactive and other benign LNs were most frequently observed as regular contours and homogeneous density. The difference between malignant and benign LNs was significant. Conclusion: EBUS can contribute to the differential diagnosis of malignant, anthracotic and other benign LNs. Such contributions can guide clinician bronchoscopists during EBUS-TBNA. The triple modality of EBUS-TBNA, 18FDG PET/CT, and USG may increase the diagnostic value in hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathies.

Günümüz yönetim anlayışında gelişim ve değişmeler ile yenilikleri örgütlerine kanalize edebilen, bu değişim sürecini görebilen liderlere gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu açıdan önemini hiç yitirmeyen liderlik kavramı üzerine çalışmalar süreğen olup küreselleşen dünyada günümüz eğitim liderliği bağlamında glokal liderlik önem kazanmaktadır. Glokal “Küryerel” kavramı, “küresel düşünüp yerel hareket etmek” anlamında olup yöneticilerin küryerel davranabilme özelliği “glokal liderlik” kavramı ile anlam kazanmaktadır. Glokal bir eğitim liderliği için eğitim kurumlarının dünyaya açılması gereklidir. Küresel gelişmeler, eğitimde yerel anlayışı etkilerken, yerel gelişmeler, küresel eğitim araştırmalarına katkıda bulunur. Eğitim yöneticileri bulundukları çağın gereklilikleri doğrultusunda değişikliklere uyum sağlayarak kendilerini yenilemeli ve liderlik özellikleri göstermelidirler. Liderlik bir etkileme süreci olarak amaçlara ulaşmayı gerektirir., In today's management approach, leaders should see and adapt developments, changes and innovations to their organizations. Studies about leadership, never lost its importance, are ongoing and glocal leadership is gaining importance for education in the globalizing world. "Glocal" means "thinking globally and acting locally" and the ability of managers to act globally becomes meaningful with the concept of "glocal leadership". For a glocal educational leadership, educational institutions must be globalised. While global developments affect local understanding in education, local developments contribute to global education research. Education directors should adapt themselves to the changes in line with the requirements of the current era. They renew themselves and show leadership characteristics. Leadership requires achieving goals as an influencing process.

This study aims to find out the faculty member opinions regarding the new regulations introduced with the Higher Education Law No. 7100. It employs the phenomenological design, which is a qualitative research design. The study group consists of 44 faculty members who voluntarily participated in the research. The faculty members' opinions were collected using a form that included standardized open-ended interview questions, which were then interpreted through content analysis. The results show that although academics have positive opinions about the new academic promotion system, they find the new regulations relatively inadequate. The participants making positive comments on the new regulations think that the new academic titles have international equivalence, differences between the titles are considered, and what these titles entail is made clearer thanks to these regulations. The participants who assert negative opinions about the regulations, on the other hand, think that these changes fail to bring a satisfactory improvement since they have simply changed instructors' titles, and even caused a loss of status for them. Therefore, they argue that such a change was not necessary. While the participants consider the granting of associate professorship title by the Interuniversity Board (UAK) without performing an oral exam as a positive development, they are mostly negative about the university tenure granting policies for the holders of this title., Bu çalışmada 7100 sayılı Kanun ile getirilen yeni yükseköğretim düzenlemelerine ilişkin, öğretim üyelerinin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgu bilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmış 44 öğretim üyesinden oluşmaktadır. Öğretim üyelerinin görüşleri, standartlaştırılmış açık uçlu görüşme sorularından oluşan bir form kullanılarak toplanmış ve içerik analizi yapılarak yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, öğretim elemanlarının yeni akademik yükselme sistemine ilişkin olumlu görüşleri olmakla birlikte, yapılan yeni düzenlemeleri görece yetersiz buldukları yönünde sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan düzenlemelere ilişkin olumlu yönde görüş bildiren katılımcılar, yeni unvanların uluslararası bir karşılığının olduğunu, unvanlar arasındaki farklılıkların gözetildiğini ve bu unvanların düzenlemeyle birlikte daha belirgin hale getirildiğini düşünmektedirler. Diğer yandan düzenlemelere ilişkin olumsuz görüş bildiren katılımcılar ise bu değişikliklerin tatmin edici bir düzenleme getirmediğini, öğretim elamanlarının unvanlarıyla ilgili sadece isim değişikliğinden öte gitmediğini, hatta kendileri açısından bir statü kaybına neden olduğunu, bu nedenle de bu tür bir düzenlemenin gerekli olmadığını düşünmektedirler. Katılımcılar, Doçentlik unvanının Üniversitelerarası Kurul tarafından sözlü sınavı yapılmadan verilmesini olumlu bir düzenleme olarak değerlendirirken, bu unvanlara ilişkin kadroların üniversiteler tarafından verilmesine ilişkin ise görece daha olumsuz yönde değerlendirmektedirler.Anahtar Sözcükler: Atama ve yükseltme, Doçentlik unvanı, Doktor Öğretim Üyeliği

Objective: To investigate the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and standard uptake value (SUV) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: PET/CT and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) were performed in 73 consecutive patients with histologically verified NSCLC. Analysing the PET/CT data calculation of the maximum and mean SUV was performed. The mean and minimum ADC values were measured directly on the parametric ADC maps. Results: Significant inverse correlations were found between ADCmean and SUVmean (r = - 0.53; p < 0.001) as well as ADCmin and SUVmax (r = - 0.71; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The significant negative correlations between ADC and SUV suggest an association between tumor cellularity and metabolic activity in NSCLC.

OBJECTIVES: Cachexia is an important problem in lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Some studies report an association between adipokines and cachexia. Our study aimed to investigate the association of three novel adipokines, resistin, visfatin, and chemerin, with lung cancer and COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 patients with non-smallcell lung cancer, 30 patients with COPD, and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Statistically significant weight loss was found in COPD and lung cancer groups compared with that in the control group (p0.05). We observed no findings strong enough to support the use of these molecules as markers of disease stage or cachexia. CONCLUSION: Resistin, visfatin, and chemerin cannot be used as potential biomarkers for lung cancer or COPD or for disease stage or cachexia.

Organizational culture is crucial for all living institutional structures and has become a critical research topic. Although different variables have been investigated in the literature as predictors of organizational culture, to our knowledge, the role of social values and life skills as mediators hasn’t been investigated before. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the role of social values and life skills as mediators of organizational culture. The hypotheses of the research were tested in the context of this research aim. The present study, which is in the relational survey model, included 370 participants consisting of teachers and school leaders working in 22 different educational institutions. The findings showed that teachers and school leaders had high levels of organizational culture, social values, and life skills. The relationship of organizational culture with social values and life skills is meaningful and high. Also, the findings indicate a partial effect on mediating organizational culture between social values and life skills.

Aim: The first COVID-19 case in Turkey was detected on March 11, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Epidemiologicalstudies are needed to be prepared for other outbreaks and to be effective in the disease management process. Based on this reason,in this study it was aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of Covid 19 possible and definite cases who applied tothe university hospital during the pandemic process.Materials and Methods: This retrospective epidemiological study was carried out by analyzing the data of Covid 19 possible anddefinite cases, who applied to the university hospital operating as a pandemic hospital between 11 March / 01 June 2020. The datawere summarized with descriptive statistics, tables and graphs.Results: Of the 1,383 patients, who applied with the suspicion of COVID-19, 55.5% were men and 84.5% were adults. The medianage of children is 4.0 (1.5-10) years old; adults were 52.0 (36.0-67.0) years old. The median time between the outset of complaintsand the date of admission to the hospital was 2 (1-3) days. 87.4% of adults and 87.9% of children had symptoms that supportedCOVID-19 infection. Among cases 7.8% were health care workers. The median age of the fatal cases was 71 (64-82) years old, 79.5%were male, 77.7% were retired. The most common comorbide diseases in these cases were hypertension (28.2%) and malignancy(28.2%). The case fatality rate was found as 2.8% in all patients and 48.4% in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit.Conclusions: As a result, Covid-19 affects all age groups. Hypertension and malignancy were the most common additional diseasesin fatal cases. The risk of illness is higher in healthcare workers who have direct contact with the patients. According to ourobservations, preventive measures, rapid diagnosis and supportive treatment are valuable.

Objective To investigate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and combined nutritional support therapy on quality of life (QoL) and functional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods This pre-and post-intervention prospective exploratory study involved 64 patients with stable stage three to four COPD. Oral nutritional support and personalized diet were combined with an intense and comprehensive PR program. Baseline and 8-week follow-up scores were compared for the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), pulmonary function tests (PFT), PImax-PEmax, arterial blood gas (ABG), respiratory rate (RR), handgrip strength, Borg and modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale scores and fat-free mass index. Results Significant improvements were found in functional status (6MWT: 86.72 m, ISWT: 76.24 m), QoL (SGRQ total: 13.86), PFT, ABG, RR, dyspnoea, upper extremity muscle strength and hand-body composition. Conclusion Nutritional support with comprehensive and intensive PR can significantly improve physical performance, QoL, dyspnoea and body composition in COPD. The improvement in QoL was greater than that reported in previous studies. Because two modalities were combined in this study, future randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the extent and contribution of these modalities to the outcomes.