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The transport infrastructure is extremely important for economic development and the labour mobility and competitiveness of European economy. However it is becoming increasingly difficult for government to publicly fund transport infrastructures. Therefore the decision to implement toll roads in Europe as a transport-policy instrument is an important shift in the funding of infrastructure. Adoption of appropriate technology has implications on the efficiency of the system. The mathematical model developed upon and simulations were carried out on several scenarios given the different types of technology. The results suggest that DSRC technology employed on motorways to be the most efficient. Infrastruktura transportowa jest niezwykle ważna dla rozwoju przemysłowego, mobilności siły roboczej i konkurencyjności gospodarki Europejskiej. Jednakże coraz trudniejsze dla rządu staje się publiczne dofinansowanie infrastruktury transportowej. W związku z tym decyzję o wdrożeniu płatnych dróg w Europie jako instrument polityki transportowej jest znaczącą zmianą w finansowaniu infrastruktury. Przyjęcie odpowiedniego metody dofinansowania ma wpływ na wydajność systemu. Model matematyczny opracowany na jego podstawie i symulacje przeprowadzono na kilka scenariuszy, biorąc pod uwagę różne rodzaje technologii. Wyniki sugerują, że technologia DSRC użyta na autostradach jest najbardziej efektywna.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore systemic relationships within supply chains, which are created as a result of passing goods between customs territories. Specifically, this research focuses on how business entities can reduce the time consumed for the execution of mandatory customs controls at border crossings by applying the voluntary implementation of certain legally standardized institutes-in this case, the status of authorized economic operator (AEO). Design/methodology/approach - The study hypotheses were tested at two levels. The fundamental hypothesis was tested using a survey of participants' subjective perceptions. To verify the supporting hypothesis, the survey was carried out using numerical techniques (i.e., an analysis of the queuing systems). Findings - The research results show that acquisition of an AEO certificate can facilitate the acceleration of the flow of goods across customs territories. To achieve the optimum reduction of time delays caused by interruptions in the flow of goods resulting from controls conducted by authorities, it would be necessary to adapt the road infrastructure at the border crossings. Namen. Članek je rezultat raziskovanja medsistemskih odnosov v oskrbovalnih verigah, ki nastanejo kot posledica prestopa blaga prek meja carinsko-administrativnih območij. Konkretno se raziskava nanaša na proučevanje vprašanja, ali lahko poslovni subjekti s prostovoljnim uvajanjem določenih zakonsko standardiziranih institutov, npr. statusa pooblaščenega gospodarskega subjekta (AEO), skrajšajo čas izvajanja obveznih carinskih kontrol na mejnih prehodih. Načrt, metodologija, pristop. Raziskovalne hipoteze smo preverjali na dveh ravneh. Pri preverjanju temeljne raziskovalne hipoteze smo na osnovi metode anketiranja s stališča subjektivne percepcije vseh sodelujočih deležnikov ugotavljali, ali imetništvo instituta AEO resnično vpliva na višjo hitrost procesnega pretoka blaga. Za preverjanje podporne hipoteze pa je bila opravljena raziskava na osnovi numerične tehnike, tj. analiza množične strežbe, pri čemer je bil predmet analize prikaz vpliva infrastrukturnega omrežja na delovanje carinskih postopkov in s tem povezanega procesa cestnega pretoka blaga. Ugotovitve. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da pridobitev potrdila AEO pripomore k pospešitvi pretoka blaga prek meja carinsko-administrativnih območij. Za doseganje optimalnega skrajšanja zamud zaradi prekinitev blagovnega toka kot posledice kontrol, ki jih opravljajo oblastni organi, pa bi bilo treba prilagoditi cestno infrastrukturo na mejnih prehodih.

Constant computer-hardware and software developments have resulted in enhancedrequirements for the dimensional accuracy of products. An accurate product reflects the geometrical accuracy of the CNC machine-tool. A quick accuracy test of a CNC machine-tool can be performed with the Ballbar QC10 device; calibration and parameter correction on the CNC controller can be done with a test-result analysis from the very accurate ML10 laser device. In this paper a brief overview of the working principles of the Ballbar QC10 device is presented. Some of the parameters that are directly related to the accuracy level of the CNC machine-tool are described in detail. Nenehen razvoj računalniske opreme je v postopek nastajanja izdelkov vnesel ostre zahteve po izmerni primernosti izdelkov. Natančni izdelki namreč kažejo na geometrijsko natančnost računalnisko krmiljenega (RK) obdelovalnega stroja. Hitro preverjanje geometrijske natančnosti strojev poteka z uporabo naprave Ballbar QC10, natančno umerjanje oz. popravo parametrov v krmilniku papoteka na podlagi rezultatov meritev natančne laserske naprave ML10. V prispevku je prikazano osnovno naeelo delovanja naprave Ballbar QC10. Nekateri parametri, ki neposredno vplivajo na natančnost RK obdelovalnega stroja, pa so tudi natančneje opisani.

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili obstoječe stanje temeljnih skladiščnih procesov v enem največjih veletrgovcev in distributerjev v Sloveniji, to je podjetje Tobačna Grosist, d. o. o. Predvsem smo se osredotočili na proces komisioniranja, pri katerem smo z logističnega vidika opazili pomanjkljivost pri razporeditvi blaga v skladišču. V kritični analizi smo z vzročno-posledičnim diagramom predstavili vzroke za nastanek teh logističnih pomanjkljivosti. Na podlagi ugotovitev smo pripravili predlog rešitev z novo razporeditvijo blaga po blagovnih skupinah. S tem bi predvsem skrajšali komisionirne poti in porabo časa. Poleg tega pa bi skladiščnikom omogočili boljšo preglednost izdelkov v skladišču. Predlagano rešitev smo v zaključku ocenili s stališča učinkov, pogojev za uvedbo in možnosti nadaljnjega razvoja. In this thesis we introduced the current state one of the biggest wholesalers and distributors in Slovenia which is company Tobačna Grosist d.o.o. We had mostly focused on the introducing the issue of the order picking process where we found from the logistics point of view ineffective the lay out of the goods in the storage of the company Tobačna Grosist, d.o.o. In continuation we introduced critical analysis with cause-effect diagram where we wrote about the causes that makes logistics imperfections. We had also introduced our suggestions of improvements that would solve that logistics problems. With new suggested lay out of the goods in storage we would reduced comissioning paths and time needs. In the end of this thesis we evaluated our suggestions of improvements from point of effects, terms of introductions and future development opportunities.

Dejavnost podjetja Metalna Senovo d. o. o. lahko razdelimo na program oz. izdelavo gradbenih žerjavov in opreme za gradbeništvo, luških žerjavov, linij za jeklarsko industrijo, podvozij avtodvigal, zahtevnejših komponent z zahtevnim varjenjem in strojno obdelavo, izvajanje remontov in montaž. Kot vemo, je v vsakem podjetju ključnega pomena učinkovit informacijski sistem, s katerim se lahko nadzorujejo vsi poslovni procesi in je tok delovnih operacij elektronsko podprt. V podjetju Metalna Senovo d. o. o. uporabljajo informacijski sistem Pro-bit, ki je nepovezan oziroma neustrezno integriran v poslovni proces. Program uporabljajo za podporo določenih delovnih procesov, kot so materialno poslovanje, fakturiranje, naročilnice, ponudbe. Proizvodni proces pa ni ustrezno računalniško podprt z omenjenim programom, zato vodstvo podjetja stanju proizvodnega procesa sledi na podlagi tedenskih sestankov. Smiseln bi bil nakup še ostalih modulov programa Pro-bit, ki bodo računalniško podpirali vse poslovne procese ali pa zamenjava obstoječega programa s programom Hermes. Company activities of the Metalna Senovo d. o. o. are divided into a program or building cranes production and equipment for civil engineering, pier cranes, routes for steel industry, chassis for car lifts, more advanced components with a demanding welding and mechanical treatment, carrying out repair and installation. As we know that for every company the effective information technology system is the most important part, which enables us to control all the working processes and working operations are electronically supported. In the Metalna Senovo d. o. o. the information technology system Pro-bit is used, which is unconnected and integrated unsuitably in the working process. The program is used as support for some working processes like material business, invoices, purchase orders, offers… But the production process is not supported enough with the information technology with the above mentioned program, which is the reason that the company management hold regular weekly meetings to follow the production process. The logical thing would be the purchase of the other modules of Pro-bit program which could support all the business processes or the other possibility is that the Pro-bit program could be replaced by the HermeS program.

Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz štirih delov. V uvodnem poglavju je opredeljen obravnavani problem in predstavljeno podjetje Hyundai avto Mlakar s.p.. Opisane so tudi predpostavke in metode dela. V prvem, teoretičnem delu smo opisali razvoj in vzdrževanje avtomobila, storitev, kakovost storitve, zadovoljstvo potrošnikov ter pričakovanja porabnikov. V drugem delu diplomskega dela smo predstavili obstoječe stanje podjetja Hyundai avto Mlakar s.p., opisali sedanje stanje avtomehanične delavnice in potek servisa vozil. S kritično analizo trenutnega stanja servisnih storitev smo izpostavili ključne elemente za razrešitev problema. Razrešitev problema smo opisali v zadnjem, četrtem delu diplomskega dela. V zaključnem delu smo ocenili in ovrednotili uspešnost predlagane rešitve problema ter navedli pogoje in možnost nadaljnjega razvoja podjetja. The diploma thesis consists of fourth parts. In the introductory chapter is defined the addressed problem and presented the company Hyundai avto Mlakar s.p. There are also described assumptions and methods of work. In the first, theoretical part, we described the development and maintenance of the car, service, service quality, customer satisfaction and expectations of consumers. In the second part of the diploma thesis, we presented the current status of Hyundai avto Mlakar s.p., described the current state of repair garages and car service course. By critically analyzing the current state of repair services, we highlight the key elements to solve the problem. We described solution to the problem in the last, fourth part of the diploma thesis. In the final part we assessed and evaluated the effectiveness of proposed solutions to the problem and stated the conditions and the possibility of further development of the company.

Diplomsko delo temelji na preverbi in potrditvi optimalnosti izbora transporta v podjetju BSH Hišni aparati Nazarje. Za vsakodnevno transportiranje izdelkov v centralno skladišče v Giengen v Nemčiji se omenjeno podjetje poslužuje najema cestnih transportnih sredstev. Cilj diplomskega dela je bil predvsem potrditi optimalnost izbranega transporta. Teze diplomskega dela temeljijo na tem, da je transportne stroške možno zmanjšati z uporabo druge transportne tehnologije in da z nakupom hibridnih tovornjakov prispevamo k manjšim stroškom goriva. Podlaga za teoretično znanje je bila delitev transporta in njegov opis s poudarkom na oprtnem transportu. Pri transportu je potrebno omeniti transportne stroške in kakovost transporta. Obstoječe stanje je razdeljeno na posnetek stanja in kritično analizo. Posnetek stanja prikazuje posamezne naloge služb, ki so vključene v postopek naročanja tovornjakov, potrebnih za transport končnih izdelkov, in pregled infrastrukture v državi. Kritična analiza temelji na SWOT analizi najemanja pooblaščenega prevoznika in analizi ribja kost dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na transportne stroške. Predlagane so rešitve kombiniranega transporta cesta–železnica in uporabe hibridnih tovornjakov. Na podlagi obravnavanega smo v zaključku ugotovili, da je obstoječe stanje optimalno. Z nakupom hibridnih tovornjakov bi prihranili 20–30 odstotkov stroškov goriva, kar v tem času predstavlja možnost nadaljnjega razvoja obstoječega modela izbranega transporta v podjetju. This diploma thesis is based on checking and confirmating of optimality of transportation choice in enterprise BSH Home appliances Nazarje. For transport to central warehouse in Giengen (Germany), mentioned enterprises choice is road transport. Main diploma thesis goal is to confirm optimality of transport choice. The fact that expences could be reduced is base on hybrid technology of trasport assets. That technology can reduce fuel costs. Theoretical starting point is deviding the transpor with main point on piggyback transport. One of the main points in transoport are costs and qualitiy. Momentaly critical situation is devided on exisitng situation an critical analysis. The exsisting situaton shows condition of departmets tha are responsible of ordering transports for transporting goods and overview of infrastructure in certain contury. Critical analysis is based on SWOT analysis of hiring the authorized carrier and »fishbone« analysis. Boath of those shows the facts that have influence on transport costs. Recommended solution is use of combined transport wich are railway and hybrid truck technology. At the end of the analysis we confirmed the fact, that certain situation is optimal. But in future, with use of hybrid based technology, company could redusce cost of fuel up to 30%. And that is the fact that shows the improvment possability of transportation.

V diplomskem delu bomo predstavili delo skladišča polizdelkov v proizvodnem podjetju. Oddelek dostavlja material v proizvodnjo na podlagi delovnih nalogov. Z večjim obsegom proizvodnje se pojavlja problem nepravočasne oskrbe s polizdelki in s tem posledično slabšega servisa. Zaradi rasti proizvodnje ta problematika narašča. V okviru diplomskega dela bomo skozi nekatere teoretske koncepte in z analizo dejanskega stanja na področju skladiščenja polizdelkov predlagali možnost rešitve identificiranega problema. Predlagali smo avtomatizirano skladišče za polizdelke, ki bi omogočili prostorsko, kvalitativno in kvantitativno rešitev ter nadgradnjo obstoječega SAP-sistema z vmesniki in moduli. Predlagano se je izkazalo kot ustrezno samo v primeru, da se v naslednjih letih rast proizvodnje nadaljuje kot do sedaj. V zaključku naloge smo predstavili učinke in potrebne pogoje za uvedbo ter možnost nadaljnjega razvoja avtomatiziranega skladišča za polizdelke. The diploma thesis presents the work of semi-finished products warehouse in a manufacturing company. Department delivers material in the production on the base of working orders. By increasing the volume of production, the problem of untimely supply appears and consequently poorer service. The problem increase due to the growth of production. Theoretical concepts and analysis of the actual situation in the field of semi-finished products will be present with suggested possibillity of the identifying solutions to the problem. We have proposed an automated warehouse for semi-finished products, which would allow spatial, qualitative and quantitative solutions and upgrade existing SAP system interfaces and modules. The proposed has proved to be suitable only in the case that production growth continues in the following years. In conclusion we have presented the effects and the necessary conditions for the adoption and the possibility of further development of an automated warehouse for semi-finished products.

V diplomskem delu bomo obravnavali problem neskladja zalog v proizvodnem podjetju, ki nastane zaradi napak, zaposlenih v pakirnici podjetja. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela bomo opisali značilnosti logistike, skladiščenja, zalog in črtne kode. Osrednji del diplomskega dela bomo namenili opisovanju dejanskega stanja ter analiziranju skladiščnega poslovanja v obravnavanemu podjetju, ki se ukvarja s proizvodnjo notranje opreme za avtomobile. Podrobno bomo predstavili skladiščno poslovanje v podjetju. Opisali bomo skladišča, prikazali potek količinskega in kakovostnega prevzema, skladiščenja in pakiranja blaga, odpreme gotovih izdelkov, analizirali zaloge ter prikazali kritično analizo podjetja. Nato bomo predlagali izboljšave problema neskladja zalog v proizvodnem podjetju, ki nastane zaradi napak zaposlenih v pakirnici podjetja, z uvedbo dodatne črtne kode na identifikacijskih tablah. V zaključku bomo podali oceno in vrednotenje te izboljšave ter navedli pogoje, ki so potrebni za uvedbo izboljšave ter razmislili o možnostih nadaljnjega razvoja na tem področju. In this diploma paper we will discuss the problem of incompatibility of supplies in production company which appears because of employees’ faults in the packaging department of the company. In the theoretical part of this diploma paper we will describe characteristics of logistics, storage, supplies and bar code. In the main part we will describe the actual state in the storage and we will analyze the storage system in chosen company which produces interior car accessories. Storage system of the company will be presented in details and its storages will be described. We will show the process of quantity and quality take-over of goods, storage and packaging of goods, and out-shifting of finished products. We will analyze the stock and show critical analysis of the company. After that we will suggest solutions to incompatibility of supplies in production company that arises because of employees’ faults in the packaging department. That solution is introduction of additional bar code on the identification boards. In the final part we will make an evaluation of this improvement and we will state the conditions that are necessary for its introduction. We will also consider possibilities for further developments in this area.

Podjetje Vini d. o. o. se ukvarja z uvozom in prodajo promocijskega tekstila in drugih promocijskih izdelkov, nudi pa tudi vezenje in tisk na tekstil ter tampo tisk na različne naravne in umetne materiale. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz teoretičnega in praktičnega dela. V teoretičnem delu smo se posvetili skladiščnemu poslovanju, skladiščnim procesom in črtni kodi ter njeni uporabi pri skladiščnih procesih. Pri posnetku obstoječega stanja in kritični analizi smo ugotovili, da bi lahko uvedli spremembe pri komisioniranju v centralnem skladišču. Zato smo pri praktičnem delu podali predloge, ki bi izboljšali skladiščne procese. Predlagali smo označitev lokacij v centralnem skladišču v povezavi s črtno kodo. Namen spremembe je izboljšati skladiščne procese, predvsem skrajšati njihov čas in zmanjšati število napak. The company Vini d.o.o. deals with import and sale of promotional textile and other promotional products. It offers embroidery, print on textile and tampo print on different natural and artifical materials as well. The thesis is composed of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is dedicated to storage businesses, storage processes, bar code and its use in the storage businesses. It was discovered, by the revision of existing condition and critical analysis, changes by commission in central storage could be initiated. Therefore suggestions in the practical part of the thesis were given to improve storage processes and labelling of locations in central storage in connection with bar code was suggested as well. The purpose of this change is to improve storage processes, mainly to shorten their time and reduce the number of errors.

Za prenovo poslovnega načrta smo se odločili, ker imamo v podjetju možnost odkupa poslovnih prostorov, ki jih najemamo. Glede na to, da smo prvi poslovni načrt za podjetje pripravljali pred sedmimi leti in pol ter sprotno preverjali le bilančne podatke, se nam je pred naložbo zdelo pomembno ponovno pregledati že napisane usmeritve in cilje iz poslovnega načrta ter jih dopolniti in ugotoviti, ali so bile določene aktivnosti že zapisane in ne dobro izvajane. Teoretični namen naloge je bil torej analizirati že izdelan poslovni načrt in ga primerjati s teoretičnimi vsebinskimi izhodišči. Hkrati smo želeli poudariti pomanjkljivosti v poslovnem načrtu in na podlagi teoretičnih izhodišč pripraviti izhodišča za nadaljnje poslovanje podjetja. V kritični analizi smo predstavili nabor točk, za katere ocenjujemo, da so šibke točke podjetja, in te pomanjkljivosti bolj podrobno razdelali. Hkrati smo upoštevali spremembe, ki so se v podjetju dogajale in niso bile zajete v poslovni načrt, ki smo ga analizirali, in pripravili izhodišče za poslovodstvo za prihodnje poslovanje. Glede na možnost odločitve podjetja za naložbo smo ponovno pregledali geografsko lokacijo podjetja, načrt nabave, izdelali tržno raziskavo in razdelali prodajno politiko podjetja. Naredili smo tudi načrt za logistične aktivnosti v skladišču podjetja, ki zaposlenemu prihrani čas in olajša poslovanje. Ugotovili smo, da je pomembno, da v podjetju napišemo dober poslovni načrt in ga na nekaj let ponovno kritično analiziramo ter dopolnimo z dogodki, ki jih prinaša poslovno okolje. Kupci namreč zahtevajo spremembe – vedno nove pristope, izdelke, poglede in ideje, ki se jim je treba prilagajati. We decided to renew our business plan because the company has an option of buying the premises we are currently leasing. Given the fact that the first plan was put together seven and a half years ago and that we were only checking balance sheet data on a regular basis we felt it was important to review the already written guidelines and goals from the business plan and to supplement them or determine if certain activities are not well implemented before we make the investment. The theoretical problem is to analyse the already created business plan and compare it with the theoretical substantive guidelines. At the same time pointing out weaknesses in the business plan and on the basis of theoretical principles preparing the ground for future business. In the critical analysis we present a set of points for which we estimate to be the company's weaknesses and elaborate them in detail. At the same time we took into consideration the changes that have occurred in the company and were not included in the business plan which was analyzed and we prepared a platform for managing future operations. Given the possibility of undertaking the decision to invest, we have reviewed the geographical location of the company, the acquisition plan, created a survey of the market and worked out our company's selling policy. We made a plan for logistical activities in the company's warehouse, which saves time an facilitates commerce. We have found that it is important that the company writes a good business plan and that every few years we critically analyze it and supplement it with events brought by the business environment. Changes to which we must adapt to are required by the customers who always want new approaches, new products, insight and ideas.

Marsikatero podjetje se srečuje s problemom velikosti zalog, saj se v skladiščih nahajajo obratna sredstva, ki so lahko velika ali majhna. Podjetja morajo poskrbeti za optimalne zaloge, ki bodo ob najnižjih stroških zagotavljale normalno prodajo izdelkov. Diplomsko delo obravnava upravljanje zalog v podjetju Sgerm, d. o. o., konkretno želimo rešiti problem upravljanja zalog z ustrezno metodo. Za dobro upravljanje zalog potrebujemo celotne podatke o gibanju zalog v podjetju, kakšna je njihova prodaja in nabava. V zalogah je vezan velik del sredstev, zato je upravljanje zalog zelo pomembna funkcija v podjetju Sgerm, d. o. o. Problem podjetja Sgerm, d. o. o., je neučinkovito upravljanje zalog, za kar obstaja več vzrokov. S pravilnim upravljanjem zalog bodo v podjetju skušali ohraniti optimalno količino zalog, zato bomo predlagali najučinkovitejšo metodo upravljanja z zalogami. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz teoretičnega in iz praktičnega dela. V uvodu naloge smo opredelili problem, ki je predmet raziskave. Opredelili smo namen, cilje, osnovne trditve, predpostavke in omejitve dela ter metode raziskovanja samega problema. V prvem delu so obravnavane teoretične osnove skladiščenja in njegovih funkcij ter opredelitve zalog in njihova vloga v podjetjih. V drugem, praktičnem, delu diplomskega dela je opredeljeno obstoječe stanje podjetja Sgerm, d. o. o., v sklopu katerega je opisano skladiščno poslovanje in upravljanje zalog. Izračunan je tudi koeficient obračanja zalog in dnevi vezave zalog, s pomočjo katerih ugotovimo učinkovitost obvladovanja zalog. Glede na obstoječe stanje podjetja smo predlagali, da v podjetju neučinkovito obvladovanje zalog rešujejo z učinkovitejšim sistemom naročanja izdelkov ter na ta način optimirajo zalogo in odpravijo nekurantno zalogo. V zaključku smo povzeli ugotovitve in pogoje za uvedbo ter možnosti nadaljnjega razvoja. Many companies are facing the problem of the size of the supply, since storages are filled with current assets, which can be small or large. Companies have to take care of optimal supplies, which will at minimal costs ensure normal sales of the products. The thesis discusses supply management in the company Sgerm, d. o. o., more precisely, we want to solve the problem of supply management with a proper method. Good supply management demands complete information on the movement of supplies in the company, their sales and acquisition. A large part of assets is tied in the supplies, therefore supply management is a very important function in the company Sgerm, d. o. o. The problem of the company Sgerm, d. o. o., is ineffective supply management, for which there are several reasons. With proper supply management the company will be able to maintain an optimal amount of supplies, therefore we will suggest the most effective method of supply management. The thesis consists of the theoretical and practical part. In the introduction we defined the issue that represents the object of the research. We defined the purpose, goals, basic statements and methods for the research of the problem. In the first part we discuss theoretical bases of storage and its functions, definitions of supplies and their role in the company. In the second, practical part of the thesis we defined the current state of the company Sgerm, d. o. o., within which we described storage business operations and the supply management. We calculated the coefficient of supply return and days of tied supplies, with the help of which we identify the efficiency of supply management. According to the current state of the company we suggested that the company should solve the ineffective supply management with an effective system for ordering products and thus optimize the supply and get rid of the non-current supply. In the conclusion we summarized the findings and conditions for the introduction and possibilities for further development.

Trgovina je gospodarska dejavnost, ki se ukvarja s kupovanjem in prodajanjem. Za svoje poslovanje pa potrebuje zalogo. Diplomsko delo obravnava optimizacijo procesa obvladovanja zalog v trgovskem podjetju, konkretno prenovo procesa prevzemanja. Za dobro obvladovanje potrebujemo čim več podatkov o zalogah, njihovem gibanju, kako se prodajajo, kdaj in koliko nabavljamo, pri čemer morajo biti zaposleni čim bolj natančni. Trading is a economic branch that deals with buying and selling and for its business it needs supply. The diploma deals with optimization of Process optimization of supply handling in a trade company, concretely the renovation of acquisition process. For a good management we need as much possible information about supplies, their movement, how they are selling, when and how much should we purchase, where the employees should be more careful.

Optimizacija procesa komisioniranja je eden ključnih logističnih procesov, ki pomenijo ločnico med finančno učinkovitostjo in neučinkovitostjo. Klasična podpora s strani integriranih informacijskih sistemov zagotavlja potrebno podporo, a sama po sebi ne zadošča, zato se kot podpora le-temu v praksi pogosto pojavljajo različne podporne metode, ki se izvajajo ročno v svoji delni obliki. Kontrolno tehtanje predstavlja le enega izmed načinov, kako se približati popolnim rezultatom optimizacije sistema komisioniranja blaga ter posledično finančni konsolidaciji in stroškovni optimizaciji pri poslovanju skladišč. Ključ uspešnosti ni inovativnost oziroma tehnološka kompleksnost, ampak vsestranska aplikativnost takšnega sistema pri ravnanju z objekti, ki so medsebojno vizualno in strukturno povsem različni. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela so podana izhodišča za razumevanje procesa komisioniranja ter njegove tesne povezave z informacijskimi sistemi in predstavljeni pojmi, ki se pojavljajo v praktičnem delu diplomskega dela. V le-tem je podrobneje predstavljeno komisioniranje znotraj podjetja ter problemi, ki se pojavljajo. V zaključku dela so podane rešitve in projecirani možni učinki, ki bi jih imela njihova vpeljava. Picking process optimization is one of the key elements that represent the boundary between financial success or failure. Standard support by use of integrated information systems ensures the required support but it does not suffice. As a result, different support methods are commonly used in practice and are carried out manually in their partial form. Weight control represents only one way of achieving the perfect results of picking process optimization and consequencally achievement of financial consolidation and costs optimization in warehouse management. The key to success is neither inovation nor tehnological complexity but rather the aplicable value of such systems in handling objects that are visually and structurally different. In the theoretical part of this diploma work the basics are given for better understanding of a picking process and its tight connection to information systems. In the practical part, both the picking process and the problems which are occuring inside the company are explained in detail. The conclusion of diploma work contains possible solutions and projections of expected effects, which would be caused by their implementation.

Diplomsko delo opisuje predlog preureditve obstoječega prodajnega mesta vinjet na mejnem prehodu Šentilj. Zaradi neurejene prodajalne, pada količina prodanih vinjet s tem se manjšajo prihodki in povečujejo izgube podjetja DARS d.d. Od prodaje je odvisna uspešnost in poslovanje celotne družbe. Zato je potrebno nameniti pozornost oblikovanju, funkcioniranju in prepoznavnosti prodajnega mesta. S temi parametri bomo zagotovili osnovne pogoje za uspešno delovanje in poslovanje. Prodajna mesta so ključnega pomena za uspešno delovanje celotne oskrbne verige. S tem predstavljajo izziv pred konkurenco in hkrati nam dajejo možnost inovacij v procesu in načinu prodaje. Ker je prodaja vinjet na avtocestnem omrežju variabilna spremenljivka je potrebno načrtno planirati količino prodajnih mest in število zaposlenih. Na prodajnem mestu imamo fiksne stroške, ki jih imamo tudi takrat ko nič ne prodajamo. The thesis describes the proposal of reorganization of the existing toll stickers point of sale at Šentilj border crossing. Due to its poorly organization the sales of toll stickers are going down. Consequently, income is lower and the loss of the company DARS Plc bigger. Efficiency and business operation depend on sales. Therefore organization, working and recognition of the point of sale have to be considered. With these parameters we will provide basic conditions for successful work and business operation of the point of sale. Points of sales are crucial for successful business operation of the whole supply chain. Thus they represent a challenge to face the competition and provide the possibilities of inovations in the process and manner of sales. Sale of toll stickers on motorways is variable therefore the number of points of sales and employees have to be carefully planned. A point of sale has regular costs regardless of sales.

V diplomski nalogi bomo obravnavali problem, kako izboljšati organizacijo prevoza betona v podjetju Žiher d.o.o. Problem se nanaša na izbiro voznika za posamezno vožnjo. Izbira zahteva veliko časa, visoke stroške telefoniranja, zamude pri dostavi … Da bi izboljšali navedene procese, predlagamo prenovo organizacije prevozov betona z uvedbo sistema za nadzor in sledenje nad vozili. Sistemi sledenja zagotavljajo višjo varnost, točnost in kontrolo v transportnem procesu. Na tak način lahko pridobimo kar nekaj koristi, kot so: znižanje stroškov, varnost za voznika in vozila, povečanje izkoristka vozil in pridobivanje podatkov za potrebe analize. Za uvedbo bomo potrebovali določena finančna sredstva, čas za namestitev potrebne opreme in ustrezno usposabljanje zaposlenih. In this diploma thesis, we will analyze how to improve the organization of transport of concrete in the company Žiher d.o.o. The problem concerns the choice of driver for each drive. This choice takes a lot of time, high costs, delays in delivery … For making these processes better, we propose a modernization of the transportation organization with the system for monitoring and tracking vehicles. Modern tracking systems ensure better security, accuracy, and control in the logistic process. This way provides many advantages, such as cost reduction, safety for the driver and the vehicle, an increase in the efficiency of the vehicle and gaining information for analyzing needs. For the introduction of this, we will need certain financial means, time for installation of needed equipment, and training of the employees.

V diplomski nalogi želimo razrešiti problematiko pretoka informacij v nabavnem procesu hlodovine v Gozdnem gospodarstvu Slovenj Gradec d.d. V obstoječem procesu prihaja do prekinitev toka informacij oz. neažurnosti le-teh, posledično nastajajo težave zaradi pomanjkanja določenih dimenzij hlodovine, kakor tudi dodatnega obremenjevanja skladišča z nekurantno hlodovino, pojavlja se tudi problem modrenja lesa. V predlogu preoblikovanja procesa nabave predlagamo dodelitev pristojnosti v okviru delovnega mesta, povezanega z nabavo hlodovine. Osnovni namen je koordinacija procesa ter definiranje odgovornosti. Uvedba predloga predstavlja temelj za izvajane kvalitativnih norm in ciljev ter je izhodišče za ocenjevanje uspešnosti zaposlenih. V nalogi ugotavljamo učinke predloga z vidika optimizacije procesa, kakor tudi iz finančnega vidika. The topics of the thesis is how to solve the information flow problem in logs purchase process in the company Gozdno gospodarstvo Slovenj Gradec d.d. In the actual purchase process the information flow interruption or unupdatedness of information occurs. Consequently, this causes troubles due to lack of certain dimensions of timber as well as additional occupancy of warehouse space with unmarketable timber. Besides, the problem of blue-stained wood occurs, too. In the logs purchase process transformation proposal we suggest to allocate the responsibility within the workplace related to logs purchase. The basic purpose is the coordination of the process and definition of responsibility. The introduction of this proposal is the basis for implementation of quality standards and objectives and represents the starting point for employees’ performance assessment. The thesis also presents the effects of the proposal as regards the process optimization as well as regards the financial point of view.

Diplomsko delo opisuje sisteme sledljivosti blaga v preskrbovalni verigi v primeru Spar Slovenija d.o.o. Za zagotavljanje sledljivosti morajo poskrbeti vsi členi preskrbovalne verige, s ciljem, da podjetje učinkovito obvladuje poslovanje, da se minimizira količina blaga, ki ga je treba umakniti in se zmanjša škoda, ki jo zahteva odpoklic večjih količin blaga. V diplomski nalogi smo predstavili obstoječe stanje logistike v podjetju Spar Slovenija d.o.o., osnovne »logistične« pojme in namen logističnih podatkov za zagotavljanje sledljivosti, sistem sledljivosti v izbranem podjetju in predstavitev sledljivosti v podjetjih v tujini. Diplomsko delo poleg opisovanja sistemov sledljivosti temelji na problemu v podjetju Spar Slovenija d.o.o.: kako zagotoviti večjo zanesljivost pri vnosu podatkov na vhodu blaga v skladišče. V zaključnem delu smo predlagali rešitev problema, ki je realno povsem izvedljiva in ne zahteva velikih finančnih vložkov. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschreibt die Rückverfolgungssysteme in der Versorgungskette des Unternehmens Spar Slovenija d.o.o. Um die Rückverfolgbarkeit zu gewährleisten, müssen alle Glieder der Versorgungskette diejenigen Ziele verfolgen, die bewirken, dass das Unternehmen seine Geschäftstätigkeit effizient beherrscht, dass die aus dem Verkehr zu ziehende Warenmenge minimisiert wird und dass derjenige Schaden vermindert wird, der beim Rückruf von größeren Produktmengen entsteht. In der Diplomarbeit wird Folgendes dargestellt: in dem Unternehmen Spar Slovenija d.o.o. vorhandene Logistiksysteme, grundlegende Begriffe aus dem Bereich Logistik, Verwendungszwecke der Daten, die für die Rückverfolgbarkeit relevant sind, Rückverfolgungssystem in dem gewählten Unternehmen und Rückverfolgungssysteme in ausländischen Unternehmen. In der Diplomarbeit wird außerdem das konkrete Problem im Unternehmen Spar Slovenija d.o.o. vorgestellt, und zwar: wie kann man eine zuverlässigere Dateneintragung beim Wareneingang im Lager gewährleisten. Im Schlussteil der Diplomarbeit wird die Lösung des angeführten Problems vorgeschlagen, die jedoch real durchführbar ist und keine größeren Investitionen verlangt.

V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela bomo najprej na kratko opisali splošne značilnosti logistike, nato bomo predstavili dva izmed najpomembnejših delov logistike, to sta proizvodnja in skladišče. Ker je za delovanje samega skladišča bistvenega pomena zaloga, se bomo osredotočili tako na pripravljanje zalog, kakor tudi na posodobitev procesa skladiščenja. Največji poudarek teoretičnega dela diploskega dela pa bo na tehnologiji črtne kode. V praktičnem delu bomo najprej predstavili obstoječe stanje proizvodnje in skladiščenja, ga kritično analizirali in na podlagi te kritične analize podali predloge za rešitev problema, ki jih bomo poskušali tudi grafično prikazati. V zaključnem delu pa bomo podali oceno in ovrednotili uspešnost rešitve problema ter pogoje za uvedbo same rešitve. The theoretical part of this diploma work, we first briefly describe the general nature of logistics, then we will present two of the most important parts of this are the production logistics and warehousing. Since the operation of a single warehouse stock is essential we focus on the preparation of inventories, as well as the modernization process of storage. The main emphasis of theoretical work will on barcode technology. In the practical part of this diploma work we will first take a copy of the status quo, status quo will be critically analyzed and a critical analysis of proposals made to solve the problem. On the basis of the solution of the problem we will try to solve the problem graphically displayed. In the final part, we made an assessment and evaluate the effectiveness of a solution, as well as conditions for the deployment of solutions.

V diplomski nalogi želimo rešiti problematiko označevanja in sledenja v proizvodnji podjetja POCAJT d.o.o. Podjetje POCAJT d.o.o., v katerem sem zaposlen kot vodja proizvodnje, je proizvajalec ročnih gospodinjskih aparatov. Zaradi vključitve v Evropsko unijo zahteva evropska direktiva opremljanje vseh izdelkov za prehrambeno industrijo z identifikacijsko kodo. Ta mora zagotavljati sledljivost, v kolikor le-to zahtevajo določene inštitucije. Naše podjetje ima računalniško podprto poslovanje, vendar nima izdelanega sistema za sledljivost. Ravno tako trenutna računalniška aplikacija za poslovanje podjetja ni prirejena za takšno podporo. Podjetje nima izdelanega sistema šifriranja, ki bi omogočal sledljivost. Celoten krogotok od skladišča surovin, proizvodnje polizdelkov, montaže, skladiščenja končnih izdelkov do izdaje blaga kupcu trenutno ni zasnovan tako, da bi nam omogočil lahek prehod na zgoraj omenjeni sistem. Zaradi tega bomo v nalogi raziskali, katere možnosti za rešitev na tržišču v tem trenutku obstajajo. Na osnovi primerjalnih metod bomo izbrali najugodnejšo rešitev in jo s potrebnimi spremembami vpeljali v naše podjetje. In graduate orders want to solve the problem of marking and tracing in the production of enterprises POCAJT Ltd. Enterprise POCAJT Ltd. in which I worked as a production manager, the manufacturer of hand household appliances, for the sake of joining the European Union directive requires the fitting of all products for the food industry with an identification code. Code must ensure traceability only to the extent required by certain institutions. Our company has a computerized operating system but produced no trace. Similarly, the current computer application for the operation of the company is not optimized for such support. The company has no produced encryption system that would allow traceability. The entire circuit from the warehouse of raw materials, the production of intermediate goods, the assembly, the storage of finished products until the issue of goods buyer at the moment is not designed to allow us to ease the transition to the above-mentioned system. For this reason, I will explore all options for solutions on the market at this time exist. On the basis of comparative methods will choose the best solution and to institute necessary changes in our business.

Napredek v tehnološkem smislu vsakič znova prinaša s sabo nove zakonitosti in zahteve. Vsa podjetja, ki želijo ostati konkurenčna, morajo vlagati v modernizacijo, izobraževanje ter uveljavitev novih sistemov. Eden takih sistemov že prodira v poslovanje podjetij, čeprav še ni povsod prisoten. V diplomski nalogi bomo opisali in predstavili način poslovanja v NT & RC d. o. o., s poudarkom na poslovanju v delovnem področju telekomunikacij. Še posebej bodo izpostavljene prednosti in pomanjkljivosti sistema ter iskanja novih naročnikov z beleženjem v bazo podatkov. Ugotovili bomo, da je obstoječi način poslovanja zelo zamuden, nepregleden in v določeni meri nefunkcionalen. Osredotočili se bomo na reševanje težav s področja pospeševanja prodaje in poskušali prikazati, kako bi poslovanje potekalo hitreje, učinkovito in pregledneje za pospeševalce prodaje. Predlagane rešitve, ki jih bomo opisali, bi pripomogle k boljšemu in preglednemu poslovanju. Iz finančnega pogleda bi podjetje tudi profitiralo, saj bi za obdelavo podatkov o strankah porabili bistveno manj časa, kar poveča produktivnost. Advances in the technological sense each time brings with it new laws and requirements. All companies that wish to remain competitive, must invest in modernization, training and implementation of new systems. One such system is already penetrating into the business, although not yet omnipresent. In this thesis we will describe and present way of doing business in the NT & RC, with an emphasis on operations in the working area of telecommunications. Particularly expose to the strengths and weaknesses of the system and search for new customers to the recording in the database. We found that the current way of doing business is very time-consuming, opaque and to some extent, non-functional. We will focus on solving problems in the field of sales promotion and try to show how the business done faster, efficient and transparent way for promoters to sell. The proposed solution, which will be described, would help to better and more transparent operations. From a financial view to undertaking a profit, since the processing of data about customer spend significantly less time, increasing productivity.

Nabava je pomembno področje pri poslovanju podjetja in ima velik vpliv na uspešnost poslovanja. Dobra organiziranost nabave je ključnega pomena za uspešno opravljanje nalog. Podjetja stremijo k znižanju stroškov. K temu cilju prispevajo tudi dober in pregleden sistem nabavnih poročil na podlagi sistema ABC analize zalog. Pomembno fazo poslovanja v podjetju predstavlja nabavna logistika. Njena naloga je pravilna in preudarna izbira dobaviteljev materiala, analiza vrednosti zalog ter upravljanje z zalogami. Z vzpostavitvijo sistema kreiranja nabavnih poročil za prihodnja obdobja bomo zagotovili uporabnikom v nabavi enostavnejšo in hitrejšo izdelavo le-teh ter zagotovili potrebne podatke za izvajanje nabavnih procesov in posredovanje informacij, potrebnih za odločanje. To lahko dosežemo s pregledom nabave materialov, ki predstavljajo najdražjo vrednost zalog, in s poročili po prometu dobaviteljev materiala. Purchasing is an important area in a company's business operations and has a big impact on the company's performance. A good organisation in purchasing plays an important role in task accomplishment. Companies are trying to decrease their costs and this can be supported by a good and transparent system of purchase reports and the ABC stock analysis system. Purchase logistics is also an important operations phase. Its task is a correct and sensible choice of material suppliers, value analysis as well as stock management. By setting up a system of creating purchase reports for the future we will ensure that the users in Purchasing will be able to produce the reports faster. We will also ensure the provision of the data required to perform purchasing processes and the information required for the decision making process. We will be able to achieve this by an overview of the material purchases, which present the highest value of the stock and with the reports according to material suppliers.