11 results on '"Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio"'
Search Results
2. Otolith shape as a classification tool for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) discrimination in native and introduced systems
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Alexander Loren Koeberle, Daniel Gomez-Uchida, Shannon E. Richardson, David L. G. Noakes, Whitney L. Crittenden, Ivan Arismendi, and Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio
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0106 biological sciences ,Chinook wind ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Pacific ocean ,Fishery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Geography ,medicine ,Oncorhynchus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Otolith - Abstract
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are widely distributed across the globe, with native stocks in the North Pacific Ocean and self-sustained populations in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. In their native range, Chinook salmon face many conservation and management challenges, including depleted stocks, loss of genetic diversity, and hatchery influences, whereas naturalized range expansion poses a threat to novel ecosystems. Therefore, ways to improve stock discrimination would be a useful tool for fishery managers. Here, we evaluated otolith shape variation in Chinook salmon as a potential tool for stock discrimination using wavelet coefficients and Fourier harmonics in three case studies at multiple spatial scales. We adopted a simple Classification Tree model that used otolith shape variation to separate Chinook salmon groups. We found best performance of the model occurring between hemispheres, followed by Oregon basins, within-watershed Elk River, Oregon, and lastly among South American basins. Otolith shape analysis is a promising tool for stock discrimination if used in conjunction with other methods to better understand plasticity of anadromous species that use pan-environmental systems.
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- 2020
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3. Differential activities of the multixenobiotic resistance mechanism in freshwater fishes inhabiting environments of Patagonia Argentina
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Yanina Andrea Assef, Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio, and Cristina Natalia Horak
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BIOMARKER ,0106 biological sciences ,Gill ,endocrine system ,animal structures ,Physiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Otras Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente ,Argentina ,Zoology ,Fresh Water ,Context (language use) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Brown trout ,STREAMS ,Animals ,Salmo ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,EXOTIC FISH ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Fishes ,P-GLYCOPROTEIN ,Aquatic animal ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Bioquímica y Biología Molecular ,biology.organism_classification ,NATIVE FISH ,Oncorhynchus ,Rainbow trout ,MXR ,Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Biomarkers ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring ,Catfish - Abstract
Environmental impairment resulted from urbanizations can produce damage on freshwater species including strong physiological effects at individual or population level. The multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) is a defence mechanism which has been demonstrated in several aquatic organisms. The key mediators of MXR activity are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins like P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This system protects aquatic organisms against the accumulation of xenobiotics by extruding them from cells in an energy-dependent manner. MXR has been pointed out as relevant in the ecotoxicological context and has been proposed as a biomarker for pollution assessment. Since fish species are common target in freshwater biomonitoring programs, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the MXR mechanism in native Hatcheria macraei (Patagonian catfish) and exotics Salmo trutta (brown trout), Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) freshwater fishes widespread in Argentine Patagonia. We characterized the MXR mechanism using a combination of functional assays and Western blot analysis. Our results in different tissues such as liver, gills, muscle and epidermis indicate that the fishes studied have different species-specific levels of MXR activity, being gills and liver the tissues with greater detoxifying activity. Induction of MXR transport activity was also identified in liver tissue from rainbow trout from urban stream suggesting their suitability in the biomonitoring of aquatic environments subjected to urban contaminants. Fil: Assef, Yanina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentina Fil: Di Prinzio, Cecilia Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentina Fil: Horak, Cristina Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentina
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- 2019
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4. Impact of Chaitén Volcano ashfall on native and exotic fish recovery, recolonization, and abundance
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Ricardo Casaux, Luz Maria Manzo, Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio, Marta Gladys Grech, Brooke E. Penaluna, and María Laura Miserendino
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Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Argentina ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Brown trout ,Rivers ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Salmo ,Chile ,Tephra ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Catfishes ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Riparian zone ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Ecology ,Hatcheria macraei ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Trout ,Environmental science ,Rainbow trout ,Species richness - Abstract
The effects of volcanic disturbance on aquatic communities and their recovery are poorly studied. To fill this gap, we explored the effects on fish communities in rivers in Argentina of the 2008 eruption of Chaiten Volcano in southern Chile (42.8° lat. S). The eruption produced volcanic plumes of ash that persisted in the atmosphere for several months. Borne on westerly winds, deposits of tephra crossed the Andes Mountains, reaching the Atlantic coast (Argentina). We compared the pre- and post-eruption abundances of a native catfish Hatcheria macraei, and two introduced trout from rivers covered by the volcanic plumes (Argentina) using Before-After-Control-Impact analysis to explore fish recovery. Total suspended solids from volcanic ashfall, macroinvertebrate abundance and richness, and species ecological attributes influenced the spatial arrangement of fish in rivers. Twenty-one months after the eruption, Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, had not returned to pre-eruption abundances in the sampled rivers, and only four rivers had regained pre-eruption species composition, suggesting that disturbance is still ongoing. The abundance of introduced fishes was strongly, negatively correlated with TSS, suggesting that ashfall affected these fish probably by clogging and abrasion of the gills. Fish recolonized previously occupied habitats 4 days to 9 months after the disturbance. Hatcheria macraei was the slowest to recolonize, whereas O. mykiss were the pioneer fish in 4 rivers following the eruption and recolonized all 5 rivers where they were present prior to the eruption. In one river, the catfish and the Brown Trout, Salmo trutta, were still absent 21 months post-eruption, potentially owing to the lack of riparian cover that would have deflected the entry of ash. Rainbow Trout suffered significant declines in abundance, whereas Brown Trout and catfish generally did not, owing to their ecological attributes. Total fish abundance was negatively correlated with ash thickness, but positively related to prey availability.
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- 2020
5. Biotic diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates at contrasting glacier-fed systems in Patagonia Mountains: The role of environmental heterogeneity facing global warming
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Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio, María Laura Miserendino, Miguel Archangelsky, Oscar E. Martínez, Cecilia Brand, Adriana Mabel Kutschker, Luis Beltran Epele, and Guillermo Hugo Omad
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Chlorophyll ,0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,River ecosystem ,Gamma diversity ,Otras Ciencias Biológicas ,Biodiversity ,Global Warming ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Rivers ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ice Cover ,GLOBAL WARMING ,Ecosystem ,Waste Management and Disposal ,ENVIRONMENT ,GLACIER-FED STREAMS ,Ecology ,Chlorophyll A ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Lake ecosystem ,South America ,Invertebrates ,Pollution ,SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY ,Spatial heterogeneity ,PATAGONIA ,Benthic zone ,Environmental science ,Species richness ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Patagonia is by far the largest glacierized area in South America. However, little is known about ecology, functioning and biodiversity of glacier-fed streams facing global warming. We investigated changes in environmental features and macroinvertebrate communities along a longitudinal gradient of glacier influence of two Patagonian systems that differ in glacier cover magnitude and the spatial sequence of lotic and lentic phases. Both glaciers, Torrecillas (~ 5.5 km2, Torrecillas system) and Cónico (~ 0.44 km2, Baggilt system), are retreating. Longitudinal distribution of benthic invertebrates partially fitted to predictions for glacierized temperate systems, with Diamesinae spp. dominating at closest sites to the Cónico, and Orthocladiinae increasing downstream, but patterns were unclear at Torrecillas. Generalized Linear Model identified chlorophyll a and conductivity as having significant effect on richness and density respectively at Torrecillas; detritus biomass and gravel influenced species richness, and boulder percentage and water temperature affected density, at Baggilt. Canonical Correspondence Analyses integrating benthic biota and environmental variables revealed that a higher environmental heterogeneity at Baggilt, related with spatial dimension (unshaded/shaded reaches, wetland reaches), local resources (detritus, bryophytes) and temperature, probably explained the unexpected high richness in benthic assemblages (67 taxa). Environmental conditions imposed by the lake outlet (proglacial) at Torrecillas resulted in a less diverse community (31 taxa). Finally our results suggest that these isolated, small glacier-fed streams typical of the Patagonian landscape appear highly vulnerable to global warming. Endemic elements could disappear at upper segments being replaced by other species common at rhithral environments, which might increase local diversity (alfa diversity) but decrease regional diversity (gamma diversity). From an ecosystem perspective stream functioning can result altered. Glacier retreating or disappearing threatens major ecosystem services for Patagonian inhabitants such as water supply, hydrological regulation, recreation and tourism. Fil: Miserendino, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina Fil: Brand, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina Fil: Epele, Luis Beltran. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina Fil: Di Prinzio, Cecilia Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina Fil: Omad, Guillermo Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina Fil: Archangelsky, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina Fil: Martínez, Oscar. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina Fil: Kutschker, Adriana Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina
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- 2018
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6. Early development and diets of non-native juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an invaded river of Patagonia, southern South America
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Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio and Ivan Arismendi
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0106 biological sciences ,Chinook wind ,EMERGENCE TIME ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,CHINOOK FRY ,TRANSBOUNDARY BASIN ,Ecología ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ciencias Biológicas ,FEEDING STRATEGY ,Geography ,DIET IN EARLY STAGE ,Oncorhynchus ,Juvenile ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have established populations in both the Atlantic and Pacific basins of southern South America. Yet, basic biological information about these salmon population is absent. Here, we documented relative densities, body size, condition and diet composition of juvenile Chinook Salmon from the Futaleufú River, Argentina. We sampled Chinook Salmon juvenile and environmental variables including daily river discharge, water temperature, electrical conductance, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids. We assessed individual variation in the diet of juvenile salmon over time. We estimated the incubation time before fry emergence to be around 101 days under a mean water temperature of 7.5°C. Salmon fry emerged during the Austral Winter (July-August) in off-channel habitats near the redds. Juvenile salmon were between 3.8 and 12.1 cm in length (TL) and their highest body condition occurred early during the Austral summer (December). Juvenile salmon abundances were positively associated with water temperature, but not flow. Diet analyses revealed a specialist feeding behaviour based on food pulses that included both aquatic and terrestrial insects; piscivory was not detected. Juvenile salmon co-occurred with native fishes suggesting a potential for interspecific interference. Our findings provide baseline information for the future management of non-native Chinook Salmon populations in the Southern Hemisphere and elsewhere. Fil: Di Prinzio, Cecilia Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentina Fil: Arismendi, Iván. State University of Oregon; Estados Unidos
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- 2018
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7. Dietary overlap among native and non-native fish in Patagonian low-order streams
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Ricardo Casaux and Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio
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Ecological niche ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Hatcheria macraei ,Introduced species ,Interspecific competition ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Competition (biology) ,Predation ,Salmo ,education ,media_common - Abstract
The diet composition and feeding strategy of native and exotic fish species were studied from May 2005 to February 2006 in three Patagonian low-order streams. A total of 464 fish were caught, which belonged to the exotic species Oncorhynchus mykiss (270), Salmo trutta (177) and the native species Hatcheria macraei (17). The analysis of 336 stomach contents indicated that at the individual level, the three species had a generalized feeding strategy based on benthic invertebrates (Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera). In the three streams, the widest population niches were observed in winter. There was, however, also a slight tendency toward an increased between-phenotype contribution to the niche width in same season, indicating that a small proportion of individuals within the fish populations specialized by predominantly feeding on a few specific prey species. Hence, the wide population niche widths observed throughout the year were partly a result of mixed individual feeding strategies within the populations. The higher diet overlaps were registered between exotics O. mykiss-S. trutta at Glyn and Carbon, and O. mykiss and the native H. macraei at Manguera, but it changed markedly through the year, perhaps depending on temporal changes in food availability suggesting a competitive coexistence of these species. This is mainly related to the fact that both species changed their food preferences in spring and foraged almost exclusively on Aubertoperla illiesi. This implies that in order to reduce the predation risk or the inter-specific competition for food, the fish species might partition the feeding habitats.
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- 2012
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8. Diet of the Neotropic CormorantPhalacrocorax olivaceusat West Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina
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Ricardo Casaux, Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio, María Alejandra Tartara, and María Lila Bertolin
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Fishery ,Geography ,biology ,biology.animal ,Diet composition ,Cormorant ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phalacrocorax olivaceus ,Fish intake ,Fish resources - Abstract
Fil: Casaux, Ricardo Jorge. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Direccion Nacional del Antartico. Instituto Antartico Argentino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina
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- 2009
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9. Selective foraging by non-native rainbow trout on invertebrates in Patagonian streams in Argentina
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María Laura Miserendino, Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio, Ricardo Casaux, and Guillermo Hugo Omad
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biology ,Ecology ,Non-native fish ,Selective predation ,STREAMS ,Ecología ,biology.organism_classification ,Odonata ,Chironomidae ,Predation ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Benthos ,Patagonia ,Dominance (ecology) ,Stream ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Rainbow trout ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Invertebrate ,Research Article - Abstract
Background It is well known that fish predation alters ecosystem processes by top-down effects. Salmonids are described as aggressive, visually and size-selective predators. Thus, prey selection by the non-native rainbow trout was examined on a seasonal basis at two streams: Nant y Fall (NyF) and Cabeza de Vaca (CVA) at Patagonia, a region where this kind of information is lacking. Results The benthos density at NyF was higher than that at CVA, and at both streams, riffles supported higher macroinvertebrate densities than pools. The diet of trouts from both streams was dominated by aquatic macroinvertebrates, was diverse, and was varied seasonally. The individuals represented in the stomach contents were among the largest available at the streams. Diet diversity peaked during spring at NyF and during summer at CVA, whereas at both streams, the niche width peaked during spring. Prey selectivity varied seasonally. The selected preys included both aquatic (Gasteropoda, Crustacea, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Odonata) and terrestrial organisms (adult dipterans, Oligochaeta, Araneae, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, and Hemiptera). Some infaunal invertebrates like oligochaetes and some small Coleoptera and Diptera larvae (mainly Chironomidae) were not selected by trouts. Conclusions Despite of the overall dominance of trichopteran species, the composition of the diet of the rainbow trout varied seasonally. This fish positively selected both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. We observed that in both streams, trouts consumed the larger individuals available in those environments. Fil: Di Prinzio, Cecilia Yanina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Investigaciones En Ecología y Sistemática Animal; Argentina Fil: Omad, Guillermo Hugo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Investigaciones En Ecología y Sistemática Animal; Argentina Fil: Miserendino, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Investigaciones En Ecología y Sistemática Animal; Argentina Fil: Casaux, Ricardo Jorge. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Investigaciones En Ecología y Sistemática Animal; Argentina
- Published
- 2014
10. Los efectos del uso de la tierra sobre las comunidades de peces en ambientes lóticos del oeste del Chubut, Patagonia
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Ricardo Casaux, Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio, Hugo L. López, Casaux, Ricardo Jorge, López, Hugo Luis, García, Mirta Lidia, Baigún, Claudio Rafael Mariano, and Cussac, Víctor
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Chubut (Argentina) ,Peces ,Ciencias Naturales ,Zoología ,Uso de la tierra ,Ictiología - Abstract
En esta tesis se exploran los efectos de los diferentes usos de la tierra sobre las comunidades de peces en ambientes lóticos de Patagonia. Para ello se analizan las características e interacciones de las diferentes especies de peces representadas en cada uno de los sitios de estudio y se consideran también, en búsqueda de hipótesis que expliquen los motivos por los cuales esas características e interacciones se manifiestan, diferentes parámetros físico-químicos y características de la fauna (macroinvertebrados bentónicos e insectos ribereños) asociada a los sitios sometidos a los diferentes usos de la tierra considerados. En el capítulo I se plantea la problemática relacionada con los cambios en los usos de la tierra y cómo estos cambios pueden afectar a las comunidades de peces. Se presentan los antecedentes registrados en Patagonia, una descripción general del área, las características de la fauna de peces continentales de la región y se describen los sitios estudiados y los usos de la tierra asociados. En el capítulo II se analizan en forma anual y estacional, y para cada sitio de muestreo, diferentes parámetros físico-químicos y geográficos e información relacionada con la calidad del hábitat y de las riberas y con los componentes de la biota, lo que es relacionado con los diferentes usos de la tierra que afectan cada sitio. Los arroyos estudiados presentaron condiciones de ribera y de hábitat buenas a muy buenas, no observándose sitios altamente perturbados. El uso de la tierra “Urbano” parece ser el más “agresivo” en cuanto a modificación de las características hídricas y físico-químicas de los ambientes. La comunidad de peces presentó baja diversidad con un amplio predominio de las especies introducidas. En el capítulo III se examina la relación entre las estructuras de las comunidades de peces (abundancia, densidad y biomasa de peces por especie, grado de similitud, dominancia y diversidad) con los distintos usos de la tierra predominantes en los ambientes seleccionados. Se observó que los diferentes usos de la tierra afectan significativamente la densidad de peces. En los sitios con uso de la tierra “Pre-Urbano” se registró la mayor densidad de Oncorhynchus mykiss y en los “Urbano” la mayor biomasa. La diversidad de peces estuvo asociada al uso de la tierra, presentando el uso “Bosque de Ñire Manejado” el valor más alto. Las especies nativas estuvieron restringidas a ciertos arroyos, lo que puede deberse a: a) afinidad de las especies autóctonas a sitios poco perturbados y/o b) segregación geográfica entre especies nativas (distribuidas exclusivamente en zonas de ecotono) y exóticas (distribuidas tanto en zonas de ecotono como de montaña). A pesar de que las características de los arroyos influyeron en la estructura de las comunidades de peces, existen otros factores tales como la permanente siembra de ejemplares exóticos, la alteración de los cursos de agua, entre otros, que afectan los procesos naturales y dificultan la interpretación de la dinámica de dichas comunidades. En el capítulo IV se analiza el efecto de los diferentes usos de la tierra sobre los aspectos reproductivos de las poblaciones de peces. Se observó que los diferentes usos de la tierra no influyeron de un modo evidente sobre las estrategias reproductivas de las especies representadas en este estudio. La mayoría de los ejemplares capturados fueron juveniles de salmónidos con estadío gonadal I. Ello indicaría que los sectores de los arroyos muestreados funcionarían como lugares de “guardería o nursery” de salmónidos. Por el contrario, la información recolectada indica que Hatcheria macraei desarrollaría la totalidad de su ciclo de vida en los arroyos donde estuvo representada. En el capítulo V se exploran los efectos de los distintos usos de la tierra sobre los parámetros morfométricos de las poblaciones de peces. Las tallas de O. mykiss variaron según los diferentes usos de la tierra, siendo éstas significativamente mayores en el uso “Bosque de Ñire Sin Manejo”. Esta especie presentó la mejor condición corporal en los sitios vinculados al uso de la tierra “Urbano”, lo cual estaría relacionado con la mayor oferta de macroinvertebrados bentónicos y con la temperatura del agua en dichos sitios. En el capítulo VI se analiza la composición de la dieta de las diferentes especies de peces, el grado de solapamiento de presas en la comunidad, la superposición de dieta entre especies, la selectividad de presas y la diversidad trófica. En general, la disponibilidad de alimento en los ambientes muestreados es aceptable para el desarrollo de los individuos según lo muestra el estado de repleción de los tractos digestivos. De acuerdo al índice de selectividad de alimento de Ivlev, las especies de peces estudiadas seleccionaron positivamente diferentes tipos de presas y en algunos casos estas preferencias variaron según el sitio de muestreo y el período del año. Los ítems alimentarios que más co-ocurrieron en la dieta de las diferentes especies de peces fueron larvas de plecópteros, tricópteros, coleópteros y dípteros; y adultos de homópteros e himenópteros. La superposición de la dieta fue mayor entre las especies exóticas que entre estas y las especies nativas., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
- Published
- 2010
11. Establishment of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Pacific basins of southern South America and its potential ecosystem implications
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Ivan Arismendi, Doris Soto, Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio, and Fernando Jara
- Subjects
Chinook wind ,biology ,salmon invasion ,Ecología ,sport fishing potential ,biology.organism_classification ,naturalized populations ,Aquatic organisms ,Ciencias Biológicas ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Geography ,Oncorhynchus ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Humanities ,nutrients uploads ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Los salmonídeos no son nativos del hemisferio sur, y es así que las truchas (arcoiris y café) se establecieron en el sur de Sudamérica hace un siglo. La mayoría de los intentos por introducir salmones anádromos falló hasta el establecimiento de la acuicultura en los años ochenta. A partir de 1990, aparentemente debido a escapes de Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (salmón Chinook) de cultivo, se están produciendo retornos reproductivos de esta especie en cuencas chilenas y argentinas al sur de los 39o S. En este trabajo se muestra la ocurrencia histórica y espacial de salmón chinook en cuatro cuencas de vertiente Pacífica durante la última década. Nuestro objetivo es establecer el progreso de su establecimiento al tiempo que se proyectan algunos impactos así como alternativas de manejo. En Chile, el muestreo se realizó entre 1995 y 2005 incluyendo los ríos Petrohué, Poicas, Río Negro-Hornopirén, y el Lago Puyehue, en la X Región. En Argentina los ríos muestreados incluyen al Futaleufú, Carrenleufú y Pico. En las cuencas chilenas y argentinas los Chinook reproductivos alcanzaban 73 a 130 cm de largo total encontrándose los más pequeños en el Lago Puyehue donde la población estaría encerrada. En el Río Petrohué, los retornos variaron de año en año alcanzando máximos en 1996 y en el 2004 de hasta 500 kg de pescado en una extensión de 100 m de río. La distribución temporal de juveniles sugiere que principalmente se trata del tipo chinook oceánico ya que migrarían al mar durante el primer año de vida. Como se observa en Petrohué, poblaciones reproductivas de la especie aportarían cantidades relevantes de nutrientes de origen marino tal como ocurre en sus hábitats naturales, produciendo así una importante perturbación a los balances y ciclos naturales en estos sitios. El establecimiento de poblaciones de Chinook en el sur de Sudamérica, genera nuevos desafíos a pescadores y autoridades ya que se podría desarrollar una pesquería de la especie en el océano Pacífico con consecuencias sobre otros recursos pesqueros. Adicionalmente también se transforman en un recuso para la pesca deportiva. Por ello se hace necesario desarrollar herramientas de manejo y control sobre la población para evitar perturbaciones ecológicas y ecosistémicas irreversibles. Salmon and trout species are not native to the southern hemisphere, however rainbow and brown trout havebeen established a century in southern South America. Yet most attempts to introduce anadromous salmonfailed until the onset of aquaculture by 1980. Escapes of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) fromaquaculture after 1990 have apparently produced increasingly important reproductive returns “naturalized”, toupper basins in Chile and Argentina south of 39o S. In this paper we show data on the historic and spatialoccurrence of chinook salmon in four Pacific basins during the past decade. Our objective is to establish theprogress of the settlement forecasting some ecosystem disruptions in order to project and manage potentialimpacts. In Chile, sampling took place from 1995 to 2005 including rivers Petrohué, Poicas, and Río Negro-Hornopiren, and Lake Puyehue, in the X Region. In Argentina sampled rivers were Futaleufú, Carrenleufú andPico. In Chile and Argentina reproductive Chinooks ranged in size between 73 and 130 cm total length, beingthe smallest sizes those of Lake Puyehue where the population is apparently landlocked. In Río Petrohué, thesize of the runs varied from year to year reaching in the peak season of 1996 and 2004 up to 500 kg of fishalong 100 m of riverbank. Temporal distribution of juvenile Chinooks suggested mainly a typical ocean typeas they are gone to sea within the first year of age. As seen in Petrohue, reproductive populations couldimport significant quantities of marine derived nutrients as they do in their original habitats thus disturbingnatural cycles and balances. Chinook establishment in these pristine watersheds in southern South Americaposes new challenges for decision makers and fishermen since they may develop a fishery in the PacificOcean with consequences to other fishery resources. Additionally they also become a resource for sportfishing. Therefore there is the need of developing management tools and approaches to control thepopulations avoiding irreversible ecosystem disruptions and social conflicts. Fil: Soto, Doris. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile Fil: Arismendi, Iván. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile Fil: Di Prinzio, Cecilia Yanina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Jara, Fernando. Universidad San Sebastián; Chile
- Published
- 2007
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