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We present a comparative study of the plasticity of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and rat muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). The study was performed on two cell populations that were isolated by aspiration from the femur bone marrow and gastrocnemius muscle biopsy of 6-week-old albino rats. Both cell populations were exposed to identical stimulation conditions. The cells were capable of undergoing osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and epithelial differentiation, as shown by histochemistry and immunostaining techniques. The MDSC population showed behavior and characteristics similar to the bone marrow MSC population; however, the osteogenic and adipogenic potential was more reduced compared to MSCs. Our results indicate a positive expression of E cadherin and Cytokeratin 10 after 28 days under epithelial stimulation, suggesting a potential use for gastrocnemius muscle MDSCs as a promising source for regenerative therapies, including re-epithelialization and skin regeneration.

In order to obtain high temperature protective coatings with low diffusivity, high entropy (HEA) as well as high entropy oxide (HEO) diffusion barriers were deposited between the NiCrAlY coating and the substrate by magnetron sputtering. These two coatings were subjected to constant temperature oxidation tests at 1050 °C. These results show that the two coatings containing diffusion barriers have better high-temperature oxidation properties compared to the NiCrAlY coating. Both HEA and HEO diffusion barriers have the desired performance in hindering the diffusion of elements between the coating and the substrate. The evolution of these two diffusion barriers and the mechanism of diffusion resistance during the oxidation process have been investigated.

Abstract Chrysophyllum rufum leaves collected under different light conditions provide information on how this fact can influence the morphology of the species. The anatomy techniques applied to the samples showed that there were discreet differences in the characters considered diagnostic. This indicates that the plant is capable of adapting, despite its prevalence in both dry and humid environments. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described qualitatively, analyzed quantitatively, and illustrated using light microscopy (LM).

Converting solar energy into fuels/chemicals through photochemical approaches holds significant promise for addressing global energy demands. Currently, semiconductor photocatalysis combined with redox techniques has been intensively researched in pollutant degradation and secondary energy generation owing to its dual advantages of oxidizability and reducibility; however, challenges remain, particularly with improving conversion efficiency. Since graphene’s initial introduction in 2004, three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based photocatalysts have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional properties, such as their large specific surface area, abundant pore structure, diverse surface chemistry, adjustable band gap, and high electrical conductivity. Herein, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the commonly used photocatalysts based on 3D graphene, outlining their construction strategies and recent applications in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, H2 evolution, and CO2 reduction. Additionally, the paper explores the multifaceted roles that 3D graphene plays in enhancing photocatalytic performance. By offering a comprehensive overview, we hope to highlight the potential of 3D graphene as an environmentally beneficial material and to inspire the development of more efficient, versatile graphene-based aerogel photocatalysts for future applications.

Metformin is the most widely used oral antidiabetic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the association of the use of this drug with vitamin B12 deficiency has been described. A review of studies was carried out to find out the evidence of this association and the recommendations for its detection, prevention and treatment. The reported prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients treated with metformin ranged from 5.8% to 52% in the different series. Older patients, those who received metformin at high doses and for a longer time, and those who do not consume food of animal origin, are those who are at greater risk of suffering from this deficit.

Converting solar energy into fuels/chemicals through photochemical approaches holds significant promise for addressing global energy demands. Currently, semiconductor photocatalysis combined with redox techniques has been intensively researched in pollutant degradation and secondary energy generation owing to its dual advantages of oxidizability and reducibility; however, challenges remain, particularly with improving conversion efficiency. Since graphene's initial introduction in 2004, three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based photocatalysts have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional properties, such as their large specific surface area, abundant pore structure, diverse surface chemistry, adjustable band gap, and high electrical conductivity. Herein, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the commonly used photocatalysts based on 3D graphene, outlining their construction strategies and recent applications in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, H2 evolution, and CO2 reduction. Additionally, the paper explores the multifaceted roles that 3D graphene plays in enhancing photocatalytic performance. By offering a comprehensive overview, we hope to highlight the potential of 3D graphene as an environmentally beneficial material and to inspire the development of more efficient, versatile graphene-based aerogel photocatalysts for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors share a case study of a special educator who worked closely with a leadership team in an urban elementary school to establish universal behavior expectations for all students. The special educator was a behavior coach in the urban elementary school located in a southwestern school of the United States of America. Following an action research framework, the special educator also the lead author worked closely with the leadership team to solve the issue of high office disciplinary referrals (ODRs) for aggressive behaviors. The aggressive behaviors included actions that harm others, such as assault, bullying, hitting, etc. The methodology included the team establishing universal expectations within the school-wide positive behavior supports framework taking into consideration parental feedback and university colleagues' input. To evaluate the effectiveness of universal expectations, the team tracked the number of ODRs for two years. Findings indicate that the adoption of schoolwide behavior expectations resulted in the overall reduction of ODRs by 47% and ODRs for aggressive behaviors reduced by 50% from Year 1 to 2. These findings have implications for educators serving students in urban schools settings.

Embryo assessment methods changed during the last 20 years. Morphological criteria used for embryo quality assessment improved in order to increase the selection probability of the most suitable embryos for transfer. This paper is presenting, based on a rich practical experience cumulated in our research group, several practical methods used for embryo assessment. For this study we have comparative evaluate the embryo quality using four staining tests: Trypan blue staining, Neutral red staining, Fluorescein diacetate staining, Propidium iodide staining in order to establish which test is the most reliable and efficient in embryo quality evaluation. The results obtained indicated that the Fluorescein diacetate and Propidium iodide viability test can be successfully used for mouse embryo viability evaluation. This method allows detection of both viable and nonviable cells.

The aim of this paper was to establish some correlations between certain morphometric parameters and embryo quality. The morphometric parameters taken into consideration were: zona pellucida thickness, outer and inner diameter, and outer and inner perimeter. For experiments we used embryos recovered at 24 hours from mouse females superovulated with gonadotrope hormones (eCG and hCG). The embryos recovered were cultivated in KSOM media, supplemented with amino acids, and during the in vitro cultivation they were measured at different time intervals for establishing morphometric parameters. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Minitab 15, using Fitted Line Plot regression that allows testing of the linear and polynomial regression of one variable. After statistical analyze of the data we found that the thickness of the zona pellucida can constitute a morphometric parameter that can be used as an indicator of subsequent development of the 2 cell embryos to morula and blastocyst stage respectively. The other morphometric parameters studied (outer and inner diameter, and outer and inner perimeter) cannot be used as indicators of the embryo development.

Cattle genome sequencing has a major impact on livestock breeding and provides useful information in the field biotechnology that can ultimately lead to the development of several techniques for early molecular diagnosis. These developments within molecular genetics have made possible the rapid and effective detection of lethal or mutant alleles associated with a disease-specific phenotype by DNA isolation followed by in vitro amplification techniques and enzymatic restriction. DNA tests are currently in use for the detection of heterozygotes and diagnosis of genetic diseases such as bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD), deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS) and bovine citrullinemia. These genetic defects are autosomal recessive disorders which were widespread trough advanced reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination and multiple ovulation embryo transfer, as result of selection focused on desirable traits carried by elite bulls with high genetic merit. In order to prevent the risk of dissemination of inherited defects in dairy herds and to decrease the economic losses all bulls have to be tested, although the prevalence of the above mentioned recessive alleles is low. Therefore, it is advisable to use molecular markers to assess bovine health and to implement such programs for the purpose of monitoring hereditary diseases in cattle.

Although oocyte cryopreservation represents one of the main objectives of the reproductive medicine and cryobiology in the last years, until now, regardless of the studied specie, there is no freezing protocol that will assure satisfactory survival rates after thawing. Oocyte cryopreservation is now one of the most problematic issues in cryobiology aria, especially because they are extremely sensitive to low temperatures, and the maintaining of a normal development potential after thawing is very difficult. For animals cryopreservation is offering the possibility of preserving the genetically valuable genotypes or endangered species, with reducing the costs associated with conventional breeding (shelter, food, bed, drugs, human resources, etc.). The main factors affecting the viability of the oocyte are cryoprotectors, freezing method, disruption of meiotic spindle, zona pellucida hardening and oocyte maturation stage. The present paper is aiming to review the historic of oocyte cryopreservation, the main factor involved in oocyte viability and current trends in gamete preservation.

The aim of this paper was to investigate if morphometric parameters can be used in establishing the viability of the mouse embryos. For the experiments, we used mouse mature oocytes and embryos in vivo obtained. The morphometric parameters taken into consideration were: pellucid zone thickness, outer and inner diameter, and outer and inner perimeter and for oocytes and zygotes the cellular mass diameter was also measured. The oocytes were measured immediately after recovery then they were in vitro fertilized. After 4-6 hours after fecundation the oocytes that manifested the extrusion of the second polar body (zygotes) were measured, and at 24 hours after fecundation the unfertilized oocytes were also measured. The embryos were obtained from mouse females superovulated with gonadotrope hormones (eCG and hCG). For the experiments we used embryos in different developmental stages (2, 4 and 8 cells, morula and blastocyst). After recovery the embryos were morphologically analyzed and divided in viable (quality code 1, 2 and 3) and nonviable embryos (quality code 4) (IETS Manual, 1989) and they were measured for establishing the morphometric parameters value. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Minitab 15, and T test. For the oocytes it was noticed that the pellucid zone thickness is registering a slightly increase if the oocyte is fertilized, without significantly difference from recovery, but if the oocyte is not fertilized the pellucid zone thickness decrease from 8.3±1.5 µm to 8.0±1.5 µm. For the embryos in early developmental stages only the thickness of the pellucid zone can be an indication of the viability. For the embryos in morula stage the thickness of the pellucid zone and inner diameter can be used as indicator of viability. For the embryos in blastocyst stage the thickness of the pellucid zone, the inner and outer diameter can be used as a viability indicator.

Integration of the Romania in the UE, is imposing a special attention to hunting animals populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the hunting population for the 13th species, in the period 2006-2010, in the hunting terrain 56 Chevereş, from Forest Domain – Lunca Timişului, with a total surface of 9109ha. After the observations were performed, the present paper is stating that on this hunting ground had no good correlation between the number of individuals and the biogenic capacity of the hunting fond at the following species: Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), Roe Deer (Caproleus Caproleus L.), Wild hog (Sus scrofa L.), European hare (Lepus europaeus P.), in turn at the rest of the studied species the correlation is good. For the species in regress the observations are recommending the following with attention of the natural selection and the improvement of the artificial selection.

Non additive genetic component that is the base of a quantitative character has no predictability, this is the reason for which the present paper is proposing to appreciate the special combinatory capacity for corporal mass of the descendants at birth in a specific crossing scheme combining three rabbit breeds common for total gain and average daily gain the finishing period (30- 80 days), in Timis county breeders New Zealand White, Large Chinchilla and Californian. The data obtained, statistic presented prove a good special combinative capacity for this character, reason for which the crossing scheme is recommended for producing meat individuals destined for slaughterhouses. This scheme provides an exploitation of the high fervency of the heterozygote at maternal forms and at the final hybrids.

Specialty literature is presenting few data about the estimation of the phenotypic correlations at voyager pigeon. The present study is aiming to present a classic and simple method, accessible to any pigeon ameliorator. The method was used to estimate the phenotypic correlation between the length of the stern and the arrival time in an 18 individuals GROSSE-FOND pigeon stock Jan Aarden breed for a distance of 976 Km. The analyze demonstrate that at the effective studied there is a positive correlation between the two studied characters, the correlation value is was 0,885, reason for which we recommend that the breeders of Jan Aarden stock from this breed should take into the consideration the correlation when performing selection in order to obtain a greater selection effect.

In Romania, the Transylvanian Naked Neck hen breed is considered to be an “endangered” population, reason for which we consider that a special attention should have been given then until now. Plymouth Rock breed was imported for the first time to Romania from the Studler Company, France in 1969. The present work is aiming to study profoundly the development model for development at 26, 30, 40, 50 and 60 hours incubation age, in Transylvanian Naked Neck hen breed and compare it to Plymouth Rock breed. The observations are proving that in the first 60 incubation hours the segmented mesoderm morphogenesis in the two breed, is different, dictated by the two different genetic structures. It is noticeable that Transylvanian Naked Neck is characterized by a vigorous embryonic development, overcoming, the other breed tested by the age of 40 incubation hours. We estimate that the two breeds have a good combinative capacity, which recommend the utilization of these genetic materials to obtain hybrids for producing “peasant-type” chicken meat, very well-appreciated by the Europeans between the two World Wars.

The development of European freshwater aquaculture needs diversification of its production with reliable culture methods of new fish species. From the last two decades, more research efforts were done in order to develop culture of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.). Most market size pikeperch come from open waters and relatively few are produced under intensive and/or indoor conditions. The aim of this study was to test the efficiency of different hormones on pikeperch ovulation in order to reproduce the species under controlled environmental conditions. Eight clinically healthy adult pikeperch females (3-4 years old) were used in our experiments. They were injected with human chorionic gonadotropine - hCG (Pregnyl) and carp pituitary extract (CPE), without photo-thermal stimulation. None of the females ovulated at 72 hours after the injection. When water temperature was increased to 17°C, females stimulated with hCG ovulated first, then one of the females stimulated with CPE. None of females from the control group ovulated.

Percid fishes, including pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) have recently become the subject of intense research. In order to obtain gynogenetic all female pikeperch populations, normal pikeperch eggs are fertilized with inactivated sperm. Because pikeperch semen has a high viscosity, milt has to be diluted in an immobilizing solution before DNA inactivation. The aim of this study was to assess milt diluting solutions effectiveness in order to inactivate sperm DNA with UV irradiation, to produce meiotic gynogenetic pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). We assessed sperm motility after dilution in 5 different immobilizing solutions. Best results were obtained using Ringer’s solution as pikeperch sperm diluent.

Although pikeperch is a promising species for intensive aquaculture and some experiments regarding all-female production in this species were made, there are no specifically data regarding genetical inactivation of pikeperch sperm. The aim of this study is to test two different UV lights (15 and 30 Watts) and exposure times of the diluted milt at UV irradiation for sperm genetical inactivation, in order to establish the first step in the gynogenesis protocol for pikeperch. The milt collected from 4 clinically health adult pikepearch males (3-4 years old) was diluted 1:9 with Ringer solution, after that being placed into Petri dishes (Ø = 3 cm) in a thin layer of 1 mm. Two UV lights (λ = 253.7 nm) at 15 Watts (variant V1) and 30 Watts (variant V2) were used in our experiments. These were placed 20 cm above Petri dishes, and were established for each variant, 5 different periods for exposure to the irradiation: 8 min. (T1), 11 min. (T2), 14 min. (T3), 17 min. (T4) and 20 min. (T5). The successful of irradiation was assessed by percent of fertilization (at 2 hours post fertilization), daily percent of survival, percent of hatching and percent of haploids (embryos/larvae with severely curved backbones and other deformities). After this study we could conclude that genetically inactivation of the pikeperch sperm can be performed with 15 Watts and 30 Watts UV lights at an exposure time which can vary between 8 and 20 minutes.

The aim of the study was to assess the spawning latency period in the hormonal induced reproduction of pikeperch. Spawners were injected with human chorionic gonadotropine - hCG (Pregnyl. Prior to the intraperitoneal injection, eggs were sampled to establish the maturation stage of oocytes. Females were stimulated with a single hormone dose of hcG (600 IU kg–1) and males were stimulated with a dose of 300 IU kg–1. There is a large variance in the spawning latency time of pikeperch.

The aim of our work was to compare the efficiency of two programs for induction and synchronization of estrus and ovulations in acyclic cows (Ovsynch and gestagene program (PRID) + eCG). At the first lot, of 63 cows, 2 mL Ovorelin (100 mcg GnRH), were administrated (0 day), in the 7th day 0.500 mg Cloprostenol were administered, in the 9th day 100 mcg GnRH were administered and after 16 hours artificial insemination was performed. At the 41 cows in the second lot, PRID (1.55g Progesteron) were inserted (0 day), in the 7th day 0.500 mcg Cloprostenol were administrated, in the 8th day PRID were redraw and 500 UI eCG were administrated, after 56 hours artificial insemination was preformed and 100 mcg GnRH were administrated. After 60 days from the artificial insemination 20 cows (31.7%) of from the first lot and 16 cows (39%) from the second lot, were diagnosed as pregnant, the differences are significant (p

The aim of our study was to test the cryoprotective proprieties of 7 vitrification media, designed in our laboratory, using the 0.25 mL straws vitrification method, with one equilibration step. As biological material we used mouse females, age 2 months superovulated with 5UI PMSG (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropine) and 5 UI hCG (human Corionic Gonadotropine). For freezing we used embryos in three developmental stages: 2 cells, morula and blastocyst. After recovery, the embryos were placed in equilibration media, after 5 minutes, the embryos were introduced in straws, in vitrification media and plugged directly into liquid nitrogen. After vitrification the straws were thawed in water bath at 37°C, the embryos were rehydrated for 5 minutes and then in vitro cultured. The percent of embryos that rehydrated, resumed development and hatched were registered. The best results were obtained with embryos in morula stage that had a hatching rate of 20.83% when MV1 was used for vitrification. None of the embryos in 2 cells and blastocyst stage hatched after thawing and in vitro culture, regardless of the vitrification media used. From the vitrification media tested, the worst results were obtained with MV4 and MV6, none of the embryos reached hatching stage, regardless of the development stage. The vitrification method in 0.25 mL straws, with one equilibration step can be used for cryopreservation of the morula stage embryos, but is ineffective for vitrification of the 2 cells and blastocyst stage embryo. Media VM4 and VM6 are not suited for vitrification in 0.25 mL straws, with one equilibration step, of mouse embryos.

Few are known about the molecular mechanism controlling the early embryo development. The reduce dimension of the embryos, only a few µm, the small quantities of proteins synthesized and the artificial environment influence makes difficult to decode the mechanisms controlling early embryonic stages of development. Although, in the last few years many genes have been showed to be active in the early embryonic stages of development, only a few have been characterized and found to be implicated in the molecular mechanism responsible of preimplantational embryos development. Ped gene (Preimplantational embryo development) is considered to be involved in regulation of embryonic cleavage division and subsequent embryo survival. This review presents, based on a rich documentation, the main mechanisms involved in early embryo development.

Integration of the Romania in the UE, is imposing a special attention to hunting animals populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the hunting population for the 13th species, in the period 2005-2009, in the hunting terrain Şarlota, from Forest Domain – Timisoara, with a total surface of 6149 ha. The conclusion was that the numeric evolution of the species studied was normal, maintaining a balance between populations as a conclusion of natural and artificial selection. It was also noticed that there is a good correlation between the numbers of individuals from the species studied and the biogenic capacity of the hunting fond studied.

Non additive genetic component that is the base of a quantitative character has no predictability, this is the reason for which the present paper is proposing to appreciate the special combinatory capacity for corporal mass of the descendants at birth in a specific crossing scheme combining three rabbit breeds common in Timis county breeders New Zealand White, Large Chinchilla and Californian. The data obtained, statistic presented prove a good special combinative capacity for this character, reason for which the crossing scheme is recommended for producing meat individuals destined for slaughterhouses. This scheme provides an exploitation of the high fervency of the heterozygote at maternal forms and at the final hybrids.

PRID are frequently used in reproductive control programs at dairy cows. The aim of our paper was to synchronize the estrus and ovulations in cycling cows and to simulate the ovarian function in non-cycling cows. At 28 cows with cycling ovarian activity the duration of treatment was 7 days. After the device removal 2 ml Proliz (0.450 mg Cloprostenol) were administered. AI was performed at 72 hours after the end of the hormonal treatment and 20 (71,42 %) were diagnosed as pregnant. At the 34 anestrous cows the duration of the treatment was 10 days. With 24 hours before the redrawn of the PRID, 500 IU eCG were administered. AI was performed at 60 hours from the end of the hormonal treatment and 14 (41.17%) cows were diagnosed as pregnant. The PRID spirals can be used with success in synchronizing the ovulations in cycling cows and in anestrous therapy in non-cycling cows.

Phosphate Bufered Saline with 0.4% BSA and M2 medium are one of the most common media used in embryo recovery. The aim of our paper was to investigate if the recovery media used for the recovery of the mouse embryo is influencing in vitro developmental capacity. As biological material we used 10 used were mouse females, age 2 months superovulated with 5UI PMSG (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropine) and 5 UI hCG (human Corionic Gonadotropine). The embryos used were recovered, by oviduct flushing, at 24 hours from the identification of the vaginal plug. The majority of the embryos (78.3%) were in two cells stage. A total of 123, 2 cells embryos were cultivated in M16 medium. The evolution of the embryos was examined at 24, 48 and 72 hours interval. The proportion of hatched blastocyst was higher at the embryos recovered with M2 (53.7%) compared with the embryos recovered with PBS 0.4% BSA. The difference is statistically very significant (p

Crioprotectors are the main component of any vitrification media. The penetrant crioprotectors are essential for cell dehydration and for the decrease of the freezing point of the solution, allowing a longer time for dehydration to set in. The aim of our paper was to make a series of experiments in order to determine the concentration at which four cryoprotectants (ethylene glycol, sucrose, Ficoll 70 and galactose) singly and in pairs would vitrify on plunging into liquid nitrogen and remain vitreous when thawed in water bath. A total of 156 solutions were tested. During freezing, vitrification was evidenced by the formation of transparent glass when the unsealed straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen, at -196°C. Crystallization (ice formation) resulted in a milky appearance. Solutions that vitrify on freezing were tested if they remain vitreous on thawing. For thawing we tested three temperatures 20°C, 25°C and 37°C. During thawing, solutions that did not devitrified were transformed from solid clear state to the liquid state without evidence of a milky appearance. From the combinations of two cryoprotectors were tested a number of 51 solutions vitrify on freezing (19 solutions with ethylene glycol and galactose; 19 solutions with ethylene glycol and sucrose; 13 solutions with ethylene glycol and Ficoll). The ethylene glycol and galacose pair give the best results on thawing (3 combinations remained vitreous on thawing) at 37°C.

In order to evaluate the esterasic activity within the viable embryos we used the Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining test. For staining was used a 0.5 mg/ml FDA stock solution. The embryos were recovered at 48 hours post coitus from superovulated Swiss mouse females. Before staining the embryos were microscopically evaluated by morphological criteria and classified in 4 quality codes. The two methods used for quality and viability assessment were correlated applying Pearson coefficient. The calculated value of the Pearson coefficient (r=1) showed a strong correlation between the two methods used and indicate FDA staining test and esterasic activity as a fast, easy and reliable method for embryo viability assessment.

The aim of this work was to establish the effect of probiotic microorganisms on growth performance and intestinal changes caused by Campylobacter jejuni colonization. In this respect, we used four probiotic microorganisms, namely: Lactobacillus paracasei JR, L. rhamnosus 15b, Y L. lactis and L. lactis FOA.The administration of probiotic microorganisms in different combinations and in different periods of growth does not significantly influence the bioproductive indices of broilers, that is, the total gain, feed intake and FCR (p>0.05). After studying the intestinal mucosa, it was concluded that the four microorganisms administered in broiler’s food determines changes in the mucosa, inhibiting the development of Campylobacter jejuni, by the presence of smaller goblet cells and the presence of reduced leukocyte infiltration in the chorion of the mucosal.

Recent developments in understanding the physiological mechanisms of reproduction control can be adapted to swine reproductive management. This article points out the procedures that can be used to induce estrus, in prepubescent and anestrus gilts, and heat synchronization. For estrus induction and heat synchronization, we used P.G. 600 commercial product (400 IU of PMSG and 200 IU of hCG, Intervet, Millsboro, DE). A total of 36 gilts, from Large White breed, were used, divided in two lots: pre-pubescent gilts (5months of age, no = 19) and gilts in anestrus (8 months of age, no = 17). The efficacy of hormonal P.G. 600 product was different for the two lots. Estrus manifestation rate was different between lots 73.68% of pre-pubescent gilts compared with 76.47% of anestrus gilts. The use of P.G. 600 hormonal product is effective in inducing and synchronizing estrus in gilts.

Probiotics are extensively used in animal nutrition to improve feed conversion parameters, to boost the immune response and ultimately to improve animal health and welfare. The aim of our study was to obtain a lyophilised product for use as supplement in poultry feeding and to determine the optimal concentration required for inclusion in feed. In our experiment we have used the following human isolated probiotic bacteria: Lactococcus lactis CMGB 31, Lactobacillus paracasei CMGB 18, Lactococcus lactis CMGB 33, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CMGB 34 and Lactococcus lactis CMGB 32. The strains were preserved by freezing at - 80ºC. After lyophilisation, using skimmed milk and MRS mixture as preservative and MRS broth as growth media the recorded concentration was of 1·109 CFU/g lyophilized product. This product can now be used as probiotic supplement in poultry feed at a concentration of 1 g/kg feed.

Integration of the Romania in the E.U., is imposing a special attention to game populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the game for the 13 species during 2009-2013, on the hunting terrain 65 Giera, from Forest Domain – Lunca Timişului, with a total surface of 11,974 ha. The study shows that form the 13 species monitored, 3 were not identified on this hunting terrain Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), European Pine Marten (Martes martes L.). For the other species identified the population evolution in number demonstrated that there is a god correlation between the number of individuals and its biogenic capacity. We recommend careful monitoring of the natural selection and the efficient use of artificial breeding especially for the European hare (Lepus europaeus P.) specie.

The digestive tract of broiler chickens contains a highly complex microbiota, generally consisting of body beneficial bacteria and, in some cases, of pathogen bacteria. To reduce the quantity of pathogen bacteria, the structure of this microbiota can be changed by using some feed additives, such as probiotics. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the influence of the additional level of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens. Probiotics administration (Lactobacillus paracasei J.R., Lactobacillus rhamnosus 15b, Lactobacillus lactis y and Lactobacillus lactis FO was made in different combination and at different age of broilers, respectively hatching until 42 days and only in the last week growth. In addition to probiotics, two of the experimental groups used two synthetic aminoacids, namely L threonine and DL methionine, used in excess of the broiler chicken requirements. At the end of the experiment (42 days), caecal content samples were taken. After isolating the caecum, the caecal content was sampled in sterile cryotubes and frozen to -80°C pending DNA extraction. The resulting DNA was subsequently used to detect the differences between the groups with and without probiotics by examining the microbiota composition. At the beginning, the phylogenetic differences were analyzed to establish dominant genders. The investigations performed showed that the use of probiotic microorganisms in various combinations entails changes in the intestinal microbiota. The pyrosequencing method was used to quantify the abundance of microorganisms with probiotic potential in the microbiota composition. Also, the number of microorganisms with probiotic potential changes after the use of probiotic microorganisms.

The purpose of this research is to determinate the impact of the probiotics administration on serum protein and properdin, fractionation of proteins, lysozyme. Probiotics administration (Lactobacillus paracasei J.R., Lactobacillus rhamnosus 15b, Lactobacillus lactis y and Lactobacillus lactis FO) in different quantities had a positive effect on the organism in increasing the total protein in favor of the serum albumin, maintaining a greater than one ratio between them and serum globulins, furthermore an increase in metabolic rate is indicated as well as the increasing of the nutrients transport capacity and endogenous synthesis. The fodder recipes that contained probiotics led to a rising slope of the alpha and beta electrophoretic factions between batches, due to the increase of the total protein the differences being statistically not significant. Additionally it was recorded an increasing of the synthesis of gamma electrophoretic factions, which highlights the increasing adaptability and response to exogenous biotic factors. Adding probiotics (4 strains) in the last period of growth or (2 strains) over the lifetime of rearing chicken, caused a significant increase of lysozyme, although the increase of properdin and phagocytic index is not significant.