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During a survey of benthic diatoms from the coral reefs of the Indian Ocean (Scattered Islands) and Pacific Ocean (Tuamotu Archipelago), an interesting monoraphid diatom was observed and examined by light microscopy and various electron microscopy methods including Focus Ion Beam milling. Our thorough analysis revealed the similarity of this diatom to Bennettella R.W. Holmes, which we reference in the name: Xenobennettella Witkowski & Riaux-Gobin gen. nov., with Xenobennettella coralliensis Witkowski & Riaux-Gobin sp. nov. as the generitype. The type habitat for this new species is the sublittoral coral reef of Juan de Nova in the Mozambique Channel. The sternum valve of the new genus is characterized by an alveolate ultrastructure with the rim of the alveola opening along the valve margin, resembling the sternum valve of Bennettella. Internally, Xenobennettella differs from the latter by possessing a cavum (horseshoe-shaped chamber) on one side of the valve, in a central axial position. The raphe valve of Xenobennettella has small, marginal, apically elongate chambers, which are internally delineated by transapical ribs that are very similar to Bennettella. However, the raphe in the new genus is different from the latter, resembling some Cocconeis and Planothidium with internal raphe endings bent in the opposite direction, while resembling some Planothidium taxa externally by ending on the apical part of the mantle. This contrasts to Bennettella, which has a unique raphe system, with external raphe endings below the apices, a prominent axial structure and a transapically expanded central area. Likewise, the external surface of Bennettella is different from that of the new genus with a complex mantle structure and biseriate striae. In Xenobennettella, the valve mantle of the raphe valve is simple and perforated by areola. The transapical striae occur in the valve margin and the axial area is ornamented along its course with a single row of densely packed areola on both sides. The characteristics of the raphe valve and alveolate sternum valve place the new genus among the Achnanthidiaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a survey of benthic diatoms from the coral reefs of the Indian Ocean (Scattered Islands) and Pacific Ocean (Tuamotu Archipelago), an interesting monoraphid diatom was observed and examined by light microscopy and various electron microscopy methods including Focus Ion Beam milling. Our thorough analysis revealed the similarity of this diatom to Bennettella R.W.Holmes, which we reference in the name: Xenobennettella Witkowski & Riaux-Gobin gen. nov., with Xenobennettella coralliensis Witkowski & Riaux-Gobin sp. nov. as the generitype. The type habitat for this new species is the sublittoral coral reef of Juan de Nova in the Mozambique Channel. The sternum valve of the new genus is characterized by an alveolate ultrastructure with the rim of the alveola opening along the valve margin, resembling the sternum valve of Bennettella. Internally, Xenobennettella differs from the latter by possessing a cavum (horseshoe-shaped chamber) on one side of the valve, in a central axial position. The raphe valve of Xenobennettella has small, marginal, apically elongate chambers, which are internally delineated by transapical ribs that are very similar to Bennettella. However, the raphe in the new genus is different from the latter, resembling some Cocconeis and Planothidium with internal raphe endings bent in the opposite direction, while resembling some Planothidium taxa externally by ending on the apical part of the mantle. This contrasts to Bennettella, which has a unique raphe system, with external raphe endings below the apices, a prominent axial structure and a transapically expanded central area. Likewise, the external surface of Bennettella is different from that of the new genus with a complex mantle structure and biseriate striae. In Xenobennettella, the valve mantle of the raphe valve is simple and perforated by areola. The transapical striae occur in the valve margin and the axial area is ornamented along its course with a single row of densely packed areola on both sides. The characteristics of the raphe valve and alveolate sternum valve place the new genus among the Achnanthidiaceae.

ObjectivesTo investigate fetal cases identified at our institution to determine whether an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae is associated with other fetal abnormalities and whether its presence warrants more detailed investigation of the fetus.MethodsIn a retrospective study, 15 high- and low-risk patients undergoing prenatal sonography who had an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae identified were reviewed. Data were collected for the sonographic study indication, gestation age at diagnosis of a prominent cavum, and associated anomalies. Follow-up outcome data regarding further imaging, karyotype, diagnosis of brain anomaly, and associated congenital abnormalities were obtained.ResultsFifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Nine patients were identified as having a prominent cavum septi pellucidi, and 6 were identified as having a prominent cavum vergae. The mean gestational age ± SD was 22.7 ± 5.9 weeks. Eleven patients made it to delivery. Of the 15 patients, 4 were thought to have trisomy 21, and 13 had congenital anomalies. Outcomes included 10 major adverse outcomes, 4 cases with normal development or minor abnormalities, and 1 lost to follow-up. An isolated dilated cavum on prenatal sonography was seen in 5 cases: 1 with lissencephaly on a neonatal examination, 3 premature deliveries (1 demise, 1 hospice, and 1 normal), and 1 unknown.ConclusionsOur cohort had many associated clinical anomalies: 3 confirmed trisomy 21 and 1 probable trisomy 21, 2 genetic disorders, and 10 major adverse outcomes, 5 of which were grave. Although we studied a small cohort, we conclude that an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae warrants consideration of genetic counseling, which may include noninvasive prenatal testing (cell-free DNA), amniocentesis with microarray testing, or both.

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a widely used tool in clinical practice, providing increased accuracy in prenatal diagnoses of congenital abnormalities of the brain, allowing for more accurate prenatal counseling, optimization of perinatal management, and in some cases fetal intervention. In this article, a brief description of how fetal ultrasound (US) and fetal MRI are used in clinical practice will be followed by an overview of the most common reasons for referral for fetal MRI of the brain, including ventriculomegaly, absence of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and posterior fossa anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a widely used tool in clinical practice, providing increased accuracy in prenatal diagnoses of congenital abnormalities of the brain, allowing for more accurate prenatal counseling, optimization of perinatal management, and in some cases fetal intervention. In this article, a brief description of how fetal ultrasound (US) and fetal MRI are used in clinical practice will be followed by an overview of the most common reasons for referral for fetal MRI of the brain, including ventriculomegaly, absence of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and posterior fossa anomalies.

Described as a type of soft-tissue tumour with malignant potential, hemangiopericytoma originates at the level of the pericytes, cells located in the walls of the capillaries. Although the etiology is not completely elucidated, it seems that the genetic factor plays an important role in the appearance of this type of tumour. Several cases with autosomal recessive transmission have been described in the literature. It is a formation that can occur at any age, but is more common after the age of 40. In fact, following multiple scientific studies, it has been concluded that the average age of affected people is somewhere around 45 years, while the survival rate at 10 years is 70%. Several cases have also been described in childhood (the percentage of occurrence at this age is between 5 and 10%). The sex incidence is equal. In what follows, I thought of presenting the case of a 90-yearold male person, diagnosed with an infiltrative and vegetative tumour formation located in the cavum, which turned out to be, after the anatomopathological examination, a hemangiopericytoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le rhinosclérome est une affection granulomateuse spécifique et chronique d'évolution insidieuse, dont l'agent pathogène est le Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Il touche avec prédilection les fosses nasales, et pose parfois un problème de diagnostic positif. Nous rapportons le cas d'une patiente de 19 ans, qui présente un rhinosclérome atypique par sa localisation nasopharyngée rare, et son association exceptionnelle à une adénopathie cervicale sous angulo-mandibulaire droite. La mise en évidence des cellules de MIKULICZ à l'examen anatomo-pathologique a permis de poser le diagnostic. La patiente a été mise sous traitement antibiotique à base de ciprofloxacine pendant 16 semaines, associée à un nettoyage des fosses nasales par sérum physiologique. L'évolution était favorable avec un recul de 14 mois.

Rhinoscleroma is a specific granulomatous and chronic disorder with insidious evolution. It is causes by pathogen Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. It mainly occurs in the nasal cavities and positive diagnosis is sometimes problematic. We report the case of a 19 year old female patient presenting with rhinoscleroma considered atypical due to its rare nasopharyngeal localization and its exceptional association with cervical lymphadenopathy in the right submandibular angle region. Anatomopathological exam revealed Mikulicz's cells, thus enabling the diagnosis. The patient underwent antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin for 16 weeks associated with washing of nasal cavities with physiological saline solution. Patient's outcome was favorable during the 14-month follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le lymphome malin non hodgkinien est une entité histologique rare parmi les cancers du cavum, la plupart des tumeurs du nasopharynx étant des carcinomes indifférenciés ou Undifferencied Carcinoma of Nasopharyngeal Type (UCNT); Il pose souvent un problème de diagnostic positif clinique et histologique. La symptomatologie est généralement peu spécifique et la démarche étiologique repose sur la biopsie du cavum faite à l'examen endoscopique avec examen immuno-histochimique. Nous rapportons le cas d'un lymphome non hodgkinien avec atteinte du nasopharynx, l'analyse anatomopathologique est en faveur d'un lymphome malin non hodgkinien de phénotype B. Les aspects cliniques, radiologiques, histologiques et thérapeutiques sont décrits.

Le lymphome malin non hodgkinien est une entité histologique rare parmi les cancers du cavum, la plupart des tumeurs du nasopharynx étant des carcinomes indifférenciés ou Undifferencied Carcinoma of Nasopharyngeal Type (UCNT); Il pose souvent un problème de diagnostic positif clinique et histologique. La symptomatologie est généralement peu spécifique et la démarche étiologique repose sur la biopsie du cavum faite à l'examen endoscopique avec examen immuno-histochimique. Nous rapportons le cas d'un lymphome non hodgkinien avec atteinte du nasopharynx, l'analyse anatomopathologique est en faveur d'un lymphome malin non hodgkinien de phénotype B. Les aspects cliniques, radiologiques, histologiques et thérapeutiques sont décrits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L’enclavement de corps étranger ingéré dans le cavum est une situation rare qui peut même être méconnue surtout chez le nourrisson ne pouvant pas relater l’incident, d’autant plus que cette localisation est difficilement accessible à la clinique. Sa gravité réside dans le fait qu’il est tributaire d’un risque d’asphyxie par obstruction des voies aériennes inférieures en cas de descente du corps étranger. Nous rapportons deux cas de corps étranger du cavum chez des nourrissons de 2 ans. La radio-opacité des corps a été déterminante dans le diagnostic et l’extraction a été faite au doigt dans les 2 cas sous anesthésie générale au masque. Summary The enclavement of a foreign body ingested in the nasopharynx is a rare situation that can even be unrecognized especially in infant who can’t tell the incident, insomuch as that location is hardly accessible to clinical examination. Its gravity is tributary to the risk of asphyxia by lower airways obstruction in case of foreign body's descent. We report two cases of nasopharyngeal foreign body in two infants of 2 years. The radio-opacity of the bodies was determinant in the diagnosis and the extraction was made by finger under mask general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colloid cysts are usually located at the rostral part of the third ventricle in proximity to the foramina of Monro. Some third ventricular colloid cysts, however, attain large sizes, reach a very high distance above the roof of the third ventricle, and pose some challenges during endoscopic excision. These features led to the speculation that for such a pattern of growth to take place, the points of origin of these cysts should be at areas away from the foramina of Monro at which some anatomical "windows" exist that are devoid of compact, closely apposed forniceal structures. Methods: A review of the literature on anatomical variations of the structures in the vicinity of the roof of the third ventricle and on reported cases with similar features was conducted. Results: Colloid cysts may grow vertically up past the roof of the third ventricle through anatomical windows devoid of the mechanical restraint of the forniceal structures. Conclusion: Some anatomical variations of the forniceal structures may allow unusually large sizes and superior vector of growth of a retro- or post-foraminal colloid cyst. Careful preoperative planning and knowledge of the pertinent pathoanatomy of these cysts before endoscopic excision is very important to avoid complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Cancer / Journal Africain du Cancer is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: We report four cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the nasopharynx. Clinical, radiological, histological and treatment modalities are described. The four patients were male and aged 20, 42, 71 and 77 years. The symptoms were nasal obstruction with epistaxis in three cases and a cervical node in the fourth case. The histological type was a non-Hodgkin lymphoma of phenotype B with large cells CD20+ in the four cases. The treatment consisted in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial (SECOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Chirurgica Iugoslavica is the property of Association of Yugoslav Surgeons and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The reported prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), is extremely variable (from 0.1% to 85%) depending upon the measurement method or imaging resolution. Higher prevalence of CSP has been found in schizophrenia. In this study, we examined the prevalence of CSP in a large number of first-episode schizophrenia patients, young relatives of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. We manually measured CSP using 1.5 mm T1 MRI scans from ongoing studies at University of Pittsburgh in 89 first-episode patients with schizophrenia (age=23.8±7.4, M/F=61/28), 64 genetically at-risk individuals (offspring and siblings of schizophrenia patients, age 15.2±3.7, M/F=29/32) and 120 comparison subjects (n =120, age=22.1±7.9, M/F62/50). CSP was present in 64% of the first-episode patients (mean length 1.87±2.3 mm), 64.6% of the at-risk individuals (1.64±1.96 mm) and 64.2% of the normal controls (1.88±2.0 mm). There was no difference in the prevalence of CSP exceeding 4 mm. We also did not find any influence of the sex or age in the presence or size of CSP. Our data cast doubt on the significance of CSP as markers of neurodevelopmental pathology in schizophrenia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The enlarged cava septi pellucidi (CSP = 6 mm in length) have been reported as a reliable marker of an underlying neuropsychiatric disease or disorder. Differences in the dimensions of cava longer than 6 mm associated with a neuropsychiatric impairment could be of possible clinical and forensic significance. Methods: We obtained 479 brains from autopsied persons (310 males and 169 females, aged 22–89 years) and observed that 110 brains (75 males and 35 females) had CSP, of which the length of CSP was equal to or longer than 6 mm on 69 (49 males and 20 females) of them. These cava were classified into four groups depending on the past medical histories of the autopsied person: five without neuropsychiatric history (asymptomatic CSP), 25 schizophrenic patients, 22 alcoholics, and 17 with a past head trauma (symptomatic CSP). Results: The linear parameters of CSP (i.e. length, width) of the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were measured and were statistically analyzed. Analysis revealed that the cava in the group of schizophrenic patients were significantly longer and wider. Conclusions: Discriminant function analysis was used to derive a mathematical formula to classify CSP into one of the groups obtained based on width measurements of the cavum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to give some practical landmarks for the delineation of target volumes and organs at risk in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. This delineation, drawn from anatomo-clinical data, natural history of the disease and radiological pre-treatment evaluation, seems to be easier to define than the delineation of other head and neck cancer localisations (oropharynx and oral cavity for example). Experience inside national and international cooperative groups should tend to standardize this initial and fundamental step of Nasopharyngeal Conformal Radiotherapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus is a resistant filamentous fungus, common in the environment and pathogenic for human. The most common sites of primary aspergillosis are the maxillary sinus and lungs. Intracranial location is rare and may develop after hematogenous dissemination or contiguity. The invasive pseudotumoral form usually concerns immunodepressed patients. Invasive aspergillosis of the cavum is rare and its diagnosis is difficult. This infection can be fatal because of endocranial involvement and permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier, facilitating other neuromeningeal mycotic infections. We report the case of a 70-year-old diabetic and hypertensive female patient having presented with an invasive aspergillosis of the cavum and endocranial involvement complicated by Candida meningitis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Increased length of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and in utero infection are each associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. Hence, we examined whether prenatal infections are related to CSP length in schizophrenia patients. In a well-characterized birth cohort, in utero infection was assessed using serologic biomarkers or physician diagnoses. Magnetic resonance images were acquired, and CSP length was quantified by a standard protocol. In utero infection was associated with increased CSP length in exposed schizophrenia cases compared to unexposed cases, suggesting that prenatal infection plays a role in a neurodevelopmental morphologic anomaly that has been related previously to schizophrenia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A cohort study assessing participants from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study found that the presence of cavum septum pellucidum and cavum vergae is associated with lower regional brain volumes and lower cognitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report three cases of Hodgkin''s disease (HD) involving the nasopharynx. Their clinical presentations, morphological and immunohistochimical features and their therapy modalities are discussed. The patients were aged 36, 41 and 77, presenting with increasing bilateral nasal obstruction in one case and a cervical mass in the two others. Histological study showed mixed cellularity type of HD in all cases. The Reed Sternberg cells expressed both of CD15 and CD30 in one case, and only one of them in the other cases. In one case, LMP1 was detected, CD20 and CD3 were not. HD of nasopharynx should be differentiated from EBV-associated lymphoproliferations. The treatment is based on radiotherapy that can be associated to neoadjuvant chemotherapy if nodes are involved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), especially when longer than 6 mm, has been recognized as a neurodevelopmental anomaly associated with schizophrenia. The present post-mortem study was designed to determine the importance of linear parameters of CSP and to evaluate the possible differences of CSP in schizophrenic patients (n = 25 out of 110 CSP+ brains) and normal persons (n = 40 out of 110 CSP+ brains). According to our results, schizophrenia patients had significantly longer and wider CSP than normal individuals. Also, statistical analysis revealed a higher suicide rate in CSP-positive patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased presence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) was reported among people suffering from schizophrenia, alcoholism or it could be a remnant of an old head trauma. We have tried to compare not only prevalences, but also lengths, widths and depths of the obtained cava in an effort to emphasize the importance of linear parameters in routine diagnostics. On 479 cadavers, 310 male and 169 female, aged 22 to 89; 110 brains had a CSP: 40 persons had no data about prior neuropsychiatric disease, 25 were schizophrenics, 25 alcoholics and 20 received a serious head blow during their lifetime. The prevalence of CSP in the entire group was 22.96%; among normal persons 10.61%; in schizophrenics 83.33%, in alcoholics 58.14 % and in persons with sustained prior head trauma 68.96%. There was a statistically significant difference in ratings, lengths and widths of CSP between schizophrenics, alcoholics, head traumatized and normals. Both length and width were revealed as parameters of importance for CSP selection. CSP is more frequent, longer and wider in persons who are suffering from schizophrenia, alcohol addicts and those who had sustained one or several head blows in the past. Its linear parameters are advisable to be measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer is a relatively rare neoplasia but still with a growing incidence in our country and it raises important questions regarding diagnosis and treatment. The nasopharynx form the upper part of the pharynx, anteriorly is in direct continuity with the nasal passages through the choanae, inferior with the oropharynx and its roof is in the close proximity of the base of the skull. Objective: In this study we want to draw attention to the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer because this anatomical region is hidden, difficult to approach and most frequently it remains unexplored. The region presents complex anatomical relationships and the symptoms of this disease are frequently borrowed from adjacent organs. Material and methods: In this paper, we present a 45- year-old male patient who presented for a consult at the otorhinolaryngology (ENT) Clinic complaining of otalgia, decrease of hearing of the right ear and the appearance of a right lateral cervical swelling. Results: Following a thorough anamnesis, the ENT and endoscopic examination of the nasopharynx and the ear there was some suspicion of a nasopharyngeal tumor. A computed tomography scan of the region of the head and neck has been performed and it highlighted an epipharyngeal tumor. The following investigations included an X-Ray, the usual laboratory tests which were in normal parameters and Ig G for Epstein-Barr was elevated. A biopsy was performed and the histopathological examination confirmed the positive diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx T2aN2M0 stage IIB. The patient was directed to the oncology service in order to receive specialized treatment. Conclusions: The pathological changes from the cavum are usually "silent" regarding their function, which is why these affections from this level are frequently misdiagnosed and/or late diagnosed. These mistakes can lead to the aggravation of the prognosis and sometimes can cost the patient's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent innovations in oncology area helped to improve the prognosis of certain cancers including metastatic ones with a decrease in mortality. Recommendations describe the treatment of metastatic cancer as systemic therapy or complementary care and the role of locoregional treatment in the treatment plan only occurs in a palliative context. Currently, in the clinical practice, out of "the evidence based medicine", an early locoregional therapy (surgery or radiation therapy) can be proposed in several cases of metastatic cancers. The aim of the present review is to describe the role of the primary tumor radiation therapy in metastatic disease. In metastatic breast, prostate, cervix, rectal or nasopharyngeal cancers, locoregional treatment including radiation therapy can, in some cases, be discussed and decided in MDT. Ongoing clinical trials in these locations should soon precise the benefit of this locoregional treatment. It will also be important to define the specific criteria in order to select patients who could benefit from this treatment., (Copyright © 2016 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)