Search

The retention of students is a challenge faced by many universities in countries where participation rates are high. Living learning communities (LLCs) have been adopted by college administrators to increase retention, even though evidence of their effectiveness is largely anecdotal. This paper uses propensity score matching to address selection bias and identify the causal effect of an LLC program on GPA and retention. Survival analysis (of the matched sample) is used to estimate retention over time. Results suggest that the LLC program has a positive and lasting effect on retention and a positive impact on GPA in the earlier college years.

In this article, the authors describe a simple classroom game that demonstrates the advantage of tradable emissions permits in regulating environmental pollution. Students take on the role of polluters who must consider the costs of complying with a uniform reduction and a tradable permits program. The class is divided into high-cost polluters and low-cost polluters so students can observe the gains from trade as high-cost students purchase pollution rights from the low-cost students in the tradable permits scenario. A major advantage of the game is that it can be conducted within as little as 20 minutes and does not require that students have prior knowledge of economics or regulatory policies. This makes the game appropriate for economics and noneconomics courses alike.

This paper is a discussion of a team-taught interdisciplinary course that was designed to provide cohesion between the 12 departments that participate in the environmental studies major at Salisbury University. This course provides a model for addressing several positive and negative tendencies at work in interdisciplinary programs, and provides students with a first-hand experience in how multiple disciplines can work together to provide a more developed picture of a particular field or interest. This paper presents a discussion of the teaching experiences of faculty involved in the environmental studies course for two years. A framework for the development of such courses is included, as well as a discussion of the agreements and disagreements that can arise when students and faculty work within an interdisciplinary context. (Contains 5 notes.)

The retention of students is a challenge faced by many universities in countries where participation rates are high. Living learning communities (LLCs) have been adopted by college administrators to increase retention, even though evidence of their effectiveness is largely anecdotal. This paper uses propensity score matching to address selection bias and identify the causal effect of an LLC program on GPA and retention. Survival analysis (of the matched sample) is used to estimate retention over time. Results suggest that the LLC program has a positive and lasting effect on retention and a positive impact on GPA in the earlier college years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Jill L. Caviglia-Harris, James R. Kahn Carbon annuities have been suggested as a means for rewarding landowners for preserving forests and sequestering carbon. Although this is an intuitively appealing approach, the benefits of the sequestration activities have not been compared with the opportunity cost of preserving the forest. This paper represents an initial attempt at analysing how large carbon annuities must be to induce a landowner in the Amazonian rainforest to accept the annuity and leave the forest intact. The benefits of carbon sequestration are computed based on estimates in the literature on the carbon contained in a hectare of rainforest and the damages associated with a ton of carbon emissions. This is compared with information on household income from Rondonia, Brazil. Our results show that, for the majority of our conservative assumptions about the damages of carbon emissions, the magnitude of an annuity is greater than the income from agriculture. For less conservative assumptions about the damages from global warming, a fraction of the annuity would be a sufficient incentive for small-scale farmers to switch to sustainable techniques that leave the forest intact.

Byline: James F. Casey, Jill L. Caviglia-Harris, James R. Kahn, Alexandre Rivas This paper investigates the role that information plays in the decision by subsistence farmers to deforest, and generates a body of evidence from three Latin American studies demonstrating that information about agricultural techniques and general agricultural education are important to tropical land-use decisions. Based on a growing body of literature, inadequately defined property rights clearly play a central role as a potential source of excessive deforestation. While property rights are important, the implementation and enforcement of property rights will not in itself resolve the deforestation problem, if informational market failures are present. We hypothesise that long-time forest residents have more knowledge about sustainable uses of the forest (compared with recent migrants from non-rainforest areas), and that the regions where the long-time residents reside experience less deforestation, independent of property rights. We conclude with a discussion of the results.

Land uses that replace tropical forests are important determinants of terrestrial carbon storage and biodiversity. This includes secondary forest growth after deforestation, which has been integrated into the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) concept as a means to enhance current forest carbon stocks. Incorporating secondary forest into climate change mitigation efforts requires both accurate measurements and a means to target interventions to achieve additionality. We demonstrate how remote sensing and household survey data can be combined to meet these requirements in ‘old frontiers’ of the Brazilian Amazon and introduce the idea that annual land-cover transitions − measured at the pixel level and over time − can serve as leading indicators of secondary forest regrowth. The patterns we observe are consistent with the suggested tension between equity and additionality in REDD+: the poorest households on the poorest quality lots already allow forest regeneration. Policy interventions to encourage regeneration are likely to have the greatest additional impact on higher quality lots owned by better capitalized households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply a principal component analysis to characterize the dimensions of spatio-temporal change in agriculture within the Brazilian Legal Amazon for the period 1996–2006. Around 80% of spatio-temporal variation across a broad set of descriptors could be explained by four trajectories well observed in the region: large-scale ranching, inactive forested property, small-scale farming, and mechanized agriculture. Spatial clustering based on these trajectories reveals a shift in the characteristics of the agricultural frontier, and provides quantitative method for distinguishing functional sub-regions previously suggested in the literature. Our analysis suggests a marked growth in agriculture over the decade between 1996 and 2006, with agricultural development encroaching toward the interior of the Brazilian Amazon not only from the south and southeast, but also from the west. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]