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The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of the molecular biology technique of PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction) in the characterization of soybean cultivars. The study was performed at the Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences/ UNESP and Institute of Bioscience, Botucatu-SP. Fourteen commercial soybean cultivars were used, of which six were selected as positive reaction to peroxidase (BRS 320, BRS 284, BRS 232, BRS 7860RR, BRSMG 760SRR, BRS295RR), four as negative reaction (BRS 326, BRS 8160RR, BRSMG 800A (NutriSoy), BRS Valiosa RR) and four as double reaction (BRSGO 8060, BRS 270RR, FTS Campo Mourão and BRS 239). Thus, the results attained by the traditional biochemical colorimetric test for the 14 cultivars were compared with the conventional PCR assay. For PCR analysis, DNA was extracted from whole seeds and the primers were tested, and subsequently PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. The combination of primers prx9 + prx10 confirmed the use of the PCR reaction to characterize soybean cultivars considered doubtful by conventional colorimetric text. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso da técnica de PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction) na caracterização de cultivares de soja. O estudo foi realizado no Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas / UNESP e do Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu-SP. Foram utilizadas quatorze cultivares de soja comerciais, das quais seis foram selecionadas como reação positiva à peroxidase (BRS 320, BRS 284, BRS 232, BRS 7860RR, BRSMG 760SRR, BRS295RR), quatro como reação negativa (BRS 326, BRS 8160RR, BRSMG 800A (NutriSoy), BRS Valiosa RR) e quatro como reação positiva e negativa (BRS 8060, BRS 270RR, FTS Campo Mourão e BRS 239). Assim, as 14 cultivares foram submetidas ao ensaio bioquímico colorimétrico tradicional e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com o ensaio de PCR convencional. Para a análise de PCR, o DNA foi extraído de sementes inteiras, sendo que os primers foram testados por PCR e visualizados por eletroforese em gel de agarose. A combinação dos primers prx9 + prx10 confirmou a utilização da reação de PCR para caracterizar as cultivares de soja considerada duvidosa por teste convencional colorimétrico.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-18T15:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01Bitstream added on 2015-03-18T16:28:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000340334100018.pdf: 303830 bytes, checksum: 2e993dd3ce87d6c4fafa250782902ef8 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Seeds from non-genetically modified soybean cultivars harvested after chemical desiccation of plants with glyphosate may produce abnormal seedlings; these may show phytotoxicity symptoms that could persist even after some time of storage due to accumulation of toxic residues. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of stored soybean seeds harvested after chemical desiccation of plants with glyphosate at R7 stage. Seeds from soybean cultivar 'Conquista' were produced with and without desiccation with glyphosate, at the dose 2.0 L ha(-1), applied at physiological maturity stage. Seed quality was evaluated right after harvest and after eight months of storage by tests of moisture content, mass, germination and vigor. The experimental design was the completely randomized block with four replications. Data was submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by the Tukey test (p

re-harvest desiccation of soybean plants from non-genetically modified cultivars with glyphosate have shown to be detrimental to seed physiological quality by reducing germination and increasing production of abnormal seedlings. On the other hand, many products have been applied to seeds in order to enhance quality such as growth regulators and micronutrients. This study aimed to verify the phytotoxic effects of pre-harvest desiccation with glyphosate on physiological quality of soybean seeds and if they can be overcome or minimized by the application of micronutrients and biostimulant. Seeds from soybean cultivar Conquista were produced with and without desiccation with glyphosate, at the dose 2.0 L ha–1, applied at physiological maturity stage. Right after harvest, seeds were treated with Co + Mo + B + Zn, Co + Mo and biostimulant; a control, with no treatment, was also evaluated. Physiological quality was assessed by tests of germination and seedling development. Data was submitted to variance analysis. Means were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) and analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial. Dunnet’s test (p ≤ 0.05) was also applied. Negative effects of pre-harvest desiccation with glyphosate on germination of soybean seeds can be overcome by the application of micronutrients Co+Mo. Applying biostimulant to soybean seeds improves seedling development compared with micronutrient treatments, although it does not minimize detrimental effects of desiccation with glyphosate Pré -colheita dessecação de plantas de soja de cultivares não geneticamente modificadas com glifosato têm se mostrado prejudicial à qualidade fisiológica das sementes , reduzindo a germinação e aumentar a produção de plântulas anormais . Por outro lado , muitos produtos têm sido aplicadas a sementes , a fim de melhorar a qualidade , tais como os reguladores de crescimento e micronutrientes . Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos fitotóxicos de dessecação pré-colheita com glifosato na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja e se eles podem ser superados ou minimizados pela aplicação de micronutrientes e bioestimulante . As sementes de soja cultivar Conquista foram produzidos com e sem dessecação com glifosato , na dose de 2,0 L ha-1 , aplicado no estádio de maturação fisiológica. Logo após a colheita , as sementes foram tratadas com Co + Mo + B + Zn, Co + Mo e bioestimulante , um controle, sem tratamento, também foi avaliada. A qualidade fisiológica foi avaliada por testes de germinação e desenvolvimento das plântulas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância . As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05) e analisado como um fatorial 2 × 3 . O teste de Dunnett ( p ≤ 0,05 ) também foi aplicada . Os efeitos negativos da dessecação pré - colheita com glifosato sobre a germinação de sementes de soja podem ser ultrapassados pela aplicação de micronutrientes Co + Mo Aplicando bioestimulante para sementes de soja melhora o desenvolvimento das mudas em comparação com os tratamentos de micronutrientes , apesar de não minimizar os efeitos prejudiciais da dessecação com glifosato

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T02:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-12 Physiological quality of rice seeds may be influenced by water deficiency at seed development and filling stages, which is often reported in upland cropping system. This study had the objective of evaluating the effects of sprinkler irrigation system on the improvement of physiological quality of rice seeds produced under upland conditions. wo experiments were carried out in Selvíria-S, Brazil, Ilha Solteira College of Engineering, UNESP, in 1994/1995 and 1995/1996, with the upland rice cultivars 'IAC 201' and 'Carajás'. In both years, rice plants were grown under rainfed and sprinkler-irrigation conditions. Based on the rice crop coefficient (Kc), the following water levels were obtained: L1: 0.5 times the Kc, L2: Kc, L3: 1.5 times the Kc, L4: Kc = 1.95. Weight, germination and vigor of rice seeds were evaluated right after harvest. The experimental design was the completely randomized with four replications. Data was submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey's test (P≤0.05) separately for each cultivar. It was concluded that levels of water varying from 0.5 to 1.5 times the rice crop coefficient, supplied through sprinkler-irrigation system, provide better conditions to produce rice seeds of upland cultivars with higher physiological quality. Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Agricultura Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Botucatu, SP Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas, CAU Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Umuarama, PR Departamento de Fitotecnia FEIS/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Agricultura FCA/UNESP, Botucatu, SP Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Agricultura Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Botucatu, SP Departamento de Fitotecnia FEIS/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Agricultura FCA/UNESP, Botucatu, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T17:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:44:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:20:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:20:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de soja transgênicas em sucessão a culturas de inverno na implantação do sistema de semeadura direta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas por cinco espécies cultivadas no inverno, aveia branca, nabo forrageiro, cevada, trigo e ervilha forrageira e área de pousio. As subparcelas foram constituídas por seis cultivares de soja (BRS 243 RR, BRS 244 RR, BRS 245 RR, BRS 247 RR, BRS 255 RR e BRS 256 RR). Para as características agronômicas e os componentes de produção da cultura da soja indicou que a interação culturas de inverno x cultivares de soja foi significativa para a população final de plantas, número de nódulos por planta, massa de matéria seca de nódulos por planta, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem e produtividade de grãos. O tratamento de pousio proporcionou os menores valores de nodulação da cultura da soja. Para produtividade de grãos, houve diferenças entre as culturas de inverno antecessoras para o cultivar BRS 243 RR, sendo que, a aveia proporcionou maiores valores. The objective of this research was to evaluate crop yield and some characteristics and yield components of transgenic soybean cultivars sown after different winter cover crops in the first year under no tillage system. The experimental design was the completely randomized block with split plots and four replications. The main plots consisted of five winter cover crops, white oat (Avena sativa L.), forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and ground pea (Pisum sativum L.) and an area under fallow (spontaneous vegetation). The subplots consisted of six soybean cultivars (BRS 243 RR, BRS 245 RR, BRS 247 RR, BRS 255 RR, BRS 256 RR and BRS 244 RR). Variance analysis for agronomic characteristics showed that soybean yield components were influenced by the interaction between winter crop and soybean cultivar. Thus, final population, number of nodes and pods per plant, nodes dry matter per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield were affected significantly. When soybean nodulation was evaluated, the treatment with the area under fallow showed lower values. There was difference among winter crops for BRS 243 RR grain yield, white oat showed the highest values. Coordenadoria Assistencia Tecn Integral Estado Sa, Nucleo Prod Mudas Marilia, Marilia, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr, Dept Prod Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr, Dept Prod Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Crambe is a promising crop for biodiesel production, mainly due to the high oil content of its seeds. However, there have been no effective methodologies for evaluating the physiological quality of crambe seeds. Seed lots have not been compared, especially by vigor tests, such as the accelerated aging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high temperature and exposure periods on the physiological quality and enzymatic activity of crambe seeds during the accelerated aging test. Two lots of crambe seeds of the Brilhante cultivar were analyzed by tests of moisture content, weight of 1,000 seeds, germination, first count, electrical conductivity, enzymatic activity (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and seedling length. All tests were carried out before and after the accelerated aging, which evaluated different temperatures (38, 40 and 42ºC) and exposure periods (24, 48 and 72 hours). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Variance analysis and mean comparison through the Tukey and Dunnet tests (p ≤ 0.05) were applied for statistical analysis and means were also submitted to the linear correlation test. It was concluded that the interaction between temperature and exposure period affects the physiological quality and enzymatic activity of crambe seeds. We also conclude that the best conditions of temperature and exposure period for evaluating the physiological quality of crambe seeds through the accelerated aging test depend on genotype. Crambe is a promising crop for biodiesel production, mainly due to the high oil content of its seeds. However, there have been no effective methodologies for evaluating the physiological quality of crambe seeds. Seed lots have not been compared, especially by vigor tests, such as the accelerated aging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high temperature and exposure periods on the physiological quality and enzymatic activity of crambe seeds during the accelerated aging test. Two lots of crambe seeds of the Brilhante cultivar were analyzed by tests of moisture content, weight of 1,000 seeds, germination, first count, electrical conductivity, enzymatic activity (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and seedling length. All tests were carried out before and after the accelerated aging, which evaluated different temperatures (38, 40 and 42ºC) and exposure periods (24, 48 and 72 hours). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Variance analysis and mean comparison through the Tukey and Dunnet tests (p ≤ 0.05) were applied for statistical analysis and means were also submitted to the linear correlation test. It was concluded that the interaction between temperature and exposure period affects the physiological quality and enzymatic activity of crambe seeds. We also conclude that the best conditions of temperature and exposure period for evaluating the physiological quality of crambe seeds through the accelerated aging test depend on genotype.

The use of unconventional sources of K for plants has been widely studied, but the effects of alternative materials on physiological seed quality are still relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean and wheat seeds after using different potassium sources in a crop succession. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with four replications. Treatments consisted of three K sources (KCl, alkaline rock and ground phonolite, with 58%, 11% and 8.42% of K2O, respectively) applied in four doses (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg K2O ha-1). Potassium doses were applied in soybean and their residual effects were evaluated on the following wheat crop. Soybean and wheat seeds were evaluated immediately after harvesting by tests for moisture content, seed weight, germination, first count, electrical conductivity, seedling length and seedling dry matter. Soybean plants fertilized with alternative sources of K produced heavier seeds with a lower coat permeability compared to KCl; the physiological quality of soybean seeds and the weight of wheat seeds increase due to higher K2O doses, independently of their source. O uso de fontes não convencionais para fornecimento de K às plantas tem sido amplamente estudado, mas os efeitos de materiais alternativos na qualidade fisiológica das sementes não são conhecidos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja e trigo em função da aplicação fontes de potássio em uma sucessão de culturas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de três fontes de K (KCl, rocha alcalina e fonolito moído, com 58%, 11% e 8.42% de K2O, respectivamente) aplicados em quatro doses (0, 25, 50 e 100 kg K2O ha-1). As doses de potássio foram aplicadas na soja e seu efeito residual foi avaliado na cultura do trigo, cultivado em sucessão. Logo após a colheita, as sementes de soja e trigo foram avaliadas pelos testes de teor de água, massa de sementes, germinação, primeira contagem, condutividade elétrica, comprimento de plântulas e massa da matéria seca de plântulas. Plantas de soja adubadas com fontes alternativas para fornecimento de K produzem sementes com maior massa e menor permeabilidade de membranas comparado às com KCl; maior qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja e massa de sementes de trigo são obtidas com maiores doses de K2O independente da fonte.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar combinações de tempo e temperatura na adequação do teste de deterioração controlada para avaliação do vigor de sementes de milho com diferentes teores de água. Foram utilizados oito lotes de sementes de milho híbrido CO32, cuja qualidade inicial foi determinada pelos testes de: teor de água, massa de mil sementes, porcentagens de germinação e de plântulas normais na primeira contagem do teste de germinação, massa seca das porções aérea, radicular e total de plântulas, teste de frio, teste de envelhecimento acelerado, teste de condutividade elétrica, tetrazólio, emergência de plântulas no campo e velocidade de emergência de plântulas no campo. A umidade inicial dos lotes de sementes foi ajustada pelo método de imersão em água para 15, 20 e 25%. Para cada teor de água foram avaliadas nove combinações de períodos (16, 24 e 48 horas) e temperaturas de deterioração (42, 45 e 48 °C). Após a deterioração determinou-se o teor de água e a porcentagem de germinação das sementes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e análise de correlação aos 5% em esquema fatorial 9X8, sendo nove combinações de tempo e temperatura e oito lotes de sementes. As combinações 24 h-45 °C, 48 h-45 °C e 16 h-45 °C para sementes com teor de água ajustado para 15, 20 e 25%, respectivamente, são eficientes para avaliação do vigor de sementes de milho pelo teste de deterioração controlada. The objective of the present research was to study the combination of time and temperature on the suitability of the controlled deterioration test for evaluating the vigor of maize seed with different water contents. Eight seed lots of hybrid maize CO32 were used, whose initial quality was determined by the following tests: water content, thousand seed weight, electric conductivity, germination, first germination count, seedling total dry matter and of the aerial parts and roots, cold test, accelerated aging, tetrazolium, emergence and rate of emergence in the field. The initial moisture content of seed lots was adjusted by immersion in water to 15, 20 and 25%. Nine combinations of periods (16, 24 and 48 hours) and deterioration temperatures (42, 45 and 48 °C) were evaluated for each water content. After deterioration, the water content and percentage of germination were determined and the data submitted to ANOVA with means compared by the Tukey test and a correlation analysis to 5% in a factorial 9x8, with nine combinations of temperature and time and eight seed lots. The combinations 24-45 °C, 48-45 °C and 16-45 °C for seeds with water contents adjusted to 15, 20 and 25% respectively, are efficient for evaluating maize seed vigor using a controlled deterioration test.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T00:37:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 The study had the objective of evaluate the growth of bean cultivar Carioca early cultivated during the rainy season under different doses of phosphorus applied to soil. We adopted the experimental design at random blocks, evaluating six doses of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg P2O5 ha-1), relying in the form of superphosphate triple, with five replicates. Biometric indices were evaluated leaf area (cm2 plant-1) and dry matter (g seedling-1). Physiological indices of crop growth rate (CGR, g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (RGR, g g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (NAR, g m-2 day-1), leaf area ratio (LAR, cm2 g-1) and specific leaf area (SLA, cm2 g-1) were obtained through analysis of functional growth. The data from the biometric indices were submitted to analysis of variance, with subsequent construction of regression models. The dry matter and leaf area of bean Carioca Early increase linearly with increasing doses of applied phosphorus in the soil. The dry matter has increased constantly throughout the cycle, and the leaf area indices reach its maximum at 52 days after emergence (DAE). The restriction of phosphorus reduces the Relative Growth Rate at the beginning of the development and lengthen the physiological cycle of bean cultivar Carioca early. Depto. de Agronomia Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL, Cx. P. 6001, CEP: 86051-990, Londrina-PR APTA Regional Sudoeste Paulista, Capão Bonito-SP Mestranda Do Programa de Pós-Gradua̧ão em Agronomia Universidade Estadual de Londrina UEL Departamento de Agricultura e Melhoramento Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas UNESP, Botucatu-SP Departamento de Agricultura e Melhoramento Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas UNESP, Botucatu-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T18:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:44:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:20:07Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:20:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 A avaliação do vigor de sementes tem sido ferramenta fundamental dentro do programa de controle de qualidade, sendo o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, parte importante desse processo. Alguns autores relatam que a germinação e o vigor, estão associados ao tamanho das sementes e diante da falta de consenso para o emprego da metodologia deste teste e da relação do tamanho das sementes na qualidade fisiológica, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo adequar a metodologia existente quanto à temperatura e período de condicionamento, sobre o desempenho de dois tamanhos de sementes de algodão. As sementes foram classificadas em duas malhas de peneiras, e em seguida, submetidas aos testes de teor de água, germinação e condutividade elétrica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, analisado estatisticamente em esquema fatorial triplo. Sementes de tamanhos diferentes, não apresentaram diferença de porcentagem de germinação. Sementes submetidas à 40ºC por 42h de condicionamento apresentaram melhor porcentagem de germinação. The evaluation of the effect of seed has been fundamental tool in the program of quality control, and the accelerated aging test, an important part of that process. Some authors report that the germination and vigor are associated with seed size and facing the lack of consensus for the use of this test methodology and the relationship of seed size on the physiological quality, this work aimed to adapt the existing methodology as the temperature and period of conditioning on the performance of two sizes of seed cotton. The seeds were classified into two meshes of sieves, and then subjected to tests of water content, germination and electrical conductivity. The experimental design was completely randomized, analyzed statistically in a factorial threefold. Seeds of different sizes, showed no difference in percentage of germination. Seeds subjected to 40 degrees C for 42h of conditioning showed better percentage of germination. UNESP, FCA, Dept Prod Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP, FCA, Dept Prod Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

The physiological quality of seeds can be affected by the nutritional status of plants, with emphasis to sulfur supply, which is an essential component of amino acids. The research had as objective to evaluate the effects of side dressing sulfur fertilization on the physiological quality of bean seeds, cv. Pérola. The experimental design was the completely randomized block, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five side dressing sulfur doses (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1), in ammonium sulfate source, 22 days after seedling emergence. The physiological quality of bean seeds was evaluated right after harvest, by tests of germination and vigor. Side dressing sulfur fertilization increased seed vigor, as evaluated by the accelerated aging test; however, there was a decrease in initial seedling development due to the increase in the S dose until 50 to 60 kg ha-1. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes pode ser afetada pelo estado nutricional das plantas, destacando-se, dentre os nutrientes, o fornecimento de enxofre, constituinte essencial dos aminoácidos. O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da adubação sulfatada em cobertura sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão cv. Pérola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco doses de enxofre (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 kg há-1) em cobertura, na forma de sulfato de amônio, 22 dias após a emergência das plântulas. Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das sementes logo após a colheita mediante testes de germinação e vigor. A aplicação de enxofre, em cobertura, aumentou o vigor das sementes, avaliado pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado; contudo, houve redução do desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas com acréscimo da dose de S em cobertura até 50 a 60 kg há-1.

A qualidade fisiológica das sementes pode ser afetada pelo estado nutricional das plantas, destacando-se, dentre os nutrientes, o fornecimento de enxofre, constituinte essencial dos aminoácidos. O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da adubação sulfatada em cobertura sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão cv. Pérola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco doses de enxofre (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 kg ha-1) em cobertura, na forma de sulfato de amônio, 22 dias após a emergência das plântulas. Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das sementes logo após a colheita mediante testes de germinação e vigor. A aplicação de enxofre, em cobertura, aumentou o vigor das sementes, avaliado pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado; contudo, houve redução do desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas com acréscimo da dose de S em cobertura até 50 a 60 kg ha-1. The physiological quality of seeds can be affected by the nutritional status of plants, with emphasis to sulfur supply, which is an essential component of amino acids. The research had as objective to evaluate the effects of side dressing sulfur fertilization on the physiological quality of bean seeds, cv. Pérola. The experimental design was the completely randomized block, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five side dressing sulfur doses (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1), in ammonium sulfate source, 22 days after seedling emergence. The physiological quality of bean seeds was evaluated right after harvest, by tests of germination and vigor. Side dressing sulfur fertilization increased seed vigor, as evaluated by the accelerated aging test; however, there was a decrease in initial seedling development due to the increase in the S dose until 50 to 60 kg ha-1.

The aim of this work was to study the effects of seed size and drying way during seed maturation on physiological quality of velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima (Piper et Trace) Holland) seeds. Racemes were harvested weekly, starting 40 days after 50% blooming of the plants (40 DAB) and ending at dry pod stage (89 DAB). The pods of the racemes were divided in two halves considering the position in the axis; half of pods was shelled and the seeds were dried in natural environment conditions of laboratory without air temperature control and relative humidity; the other half was dried as intact pod in same environment conditions and shelled when dry. The dry seeds were sized by sieves with round holes and the percentages of the size-graded by width were calculated. The seeds held on sieves 26/64”, 24/64” and 22/64” (10.32, 9.52 and 8.73 mm, respectively), the predominant sizes, were submitted to germination test. The drying in intact pods resulted in seeds with best physiological quality, independent of maturation stage and seed size. The large seeds coming from dry pods presented less hard seeds percentage. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar os efeitos do tamanho da semente e da forma de secagem, durante a maturação, sobre a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Rácemos foram colhidos semanalmente, a partir de 40 dias após 50% de florescimento (40 DAF) das plantas até o estádio de vagens secas (89 DAF). As vagens foram separadas ao longo do eixo do rácemo, sendo a metade delas abertas, extraídas as sementes e estas postas para secarem em condições de ambiente de laboratório, sem controle de temperatura e U.R. do ar; a outra metade foi deixada secar nas mesmas condições e as sementes foram extraídas após as vagens estarem secas. As sementes secas foram classificadas por peneiras de crivo circular e calculada as porcentagens de retenção. As retidas nas peneiras 26/64”, 24/64” e 22/64” (respectivamente, 10,32 mm, 9,52 mm e 8,73 mm), tamanhos predominantes, foram submetidas ao teste de germinação. A secagem no interior da vagem resultou em sementes de melhor qualidade fisiológica, independente do estádio de maturação e do tamanho. As sementes maiores provenientes de vagens secas (89DAF) apresentaram menor porcentagem de sementes duras.

Para o sucesso do plantio direto há necessidade de que a cultura antecessora à principal seja boa produtora e mantenedora de cobertura vegetal. O milheto tem-se constituído em boa opção de cultivo no outono/inverno para rotação com soja, porém não há estudos avaliando o efeito do sistema na qualidade das sementes. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o efeito de três épocas de semeadura e cinco manejos com ceifas do milheto sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja cultivada em sucessão, por plantio direto, na mesma área, por três ciclos de rotação (1999/2000; 2001/2002 e 2002/2003). As épocas de semeadura constituíram três experimentos (E1, E2 e E3), em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (M1 = ceifa a cada florescimento e retirada da massa vegetal; M2 = ceifa a cada florescimento e permanência da massa vegetal; M3 = ceifa no florescimento e retirada da massa vegetal; M4 = ceifa no florescimento e permanência da massa vegetal e M5 = sem ceifa até a produção de grãos, quando foi cortada a panícula, permanecendo o restante da massa vegetal), e quatro repetições. Os experimentos de milheto foram semeados em 1999: E1 = 05/03, E2 = 25/03 e E3 = 19/04; em 2001 = E1 = 17/04, E2 = 07/05 e E3 = 27/05, e em 2002: E1 = 25/04, E2 = 15/05 e E3. = 05/06. Em cada ciclo de rotação, a soja foi implantada nos três experimentos na mesma data após o manejo final do milheto com dessecação química; as colheitas foram realizadas na mesma data, também. As sementes de soja, cv. Embrapa-48, foram avaliadas quanto ao tamanho, massa de 100 sementes, teor de água, germinação e vigor. Sementes de soja com melhor qualidade fisiológica foram obtidas, nos três ciclos de sucessão, quando cultivada após a primeira época de semeadura do milheto, independentemente do manejo com ceifas do milheto, cujo efeito foi pouco evidente. A successful no-tillage system requires high mass production in the preceding to the main crop that and its crop residues remain in the soil. Pearl-millet was shown to be a good option as an autumn-winter crop before soybean, in rotation, but there are no studies of this system on soybean seed quality. The effects were investigated of three sowing times and five types of crop cut management of pearl-millet on seed quality of soybean cropped in sucession, in no-tillage system, for three crop rotation cycles (1999-2000, 2001-2002 and 2002-2003). Each pearl-millet sowing time was a trial with five treatments (M1 = cut at each flowering and no residues; M2 = cut at each flowering with residues; M3 cut at flowering and no residues; M4 = cut at flowering with residues; M5 = not cut until mature panicle harvest, then with residues) and four replications, arranged in randomized blocks. The pearl-millet trials were sown in 1999: E1 = 5 March, E2 = 25 March and E3 = 19 April; in 2001: E1 = 17 April, E2 = 7 May and E3 = 27 May; and in 2002: E1 = 25 April, E2 = 15 May and E3 = 05 June. The soybean was sown at the same time for the three trials in each crop rotation cycle, after chemical dessecation of the pearl-millet; the soybean was also harvested at the same time. The soybean seeds, cv. Embrapa-48, were evaluated by its size, weight of 100 seeds, water content, germination and vigor. Soybean seeds with better physiological quality were obtained when cropped in sucession on residues of the first pearl-millet sowing for three cycles of crops rotation, regardless of the pearl millet harvest management, whose effect was not clear.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:53:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-31222002000200016.pdf: 32375 bytes, checksum: d8034e721d0aff0010195b31475157b4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:53:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-31222002000200016.pdf: 32375 bytes, checksum: d8034e721d0aff0010195b31475157b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:47:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-31222002000200016.pdf: 32375 bytes, checksum: d8034e721d0aff0010195b31475157b4 (MD5) S0101-31222002000200016.pdf.txt: 27763 bytes, checksum: 880a32729f3b990afb2cce985a6a1abe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:20:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-31222002000200016.pdf: 32375 bytes, checksum: d8034e721d0aff0010195b31475157b4 (MD5) S0101-31222002000200016.pdf.txt: 27763 bytes, checksum: 880a32729f3b990afb2cce985a6a1abe (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:20:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-31222002000200016.pdf: 32375 bytes, checksum: d8034e721d0aff0010195b31475157b4 (MD5) S0101-31222002000200016.pdf.txt: 27763 bytes, checksum: 880a32729f3b990afb2cce985a6a1abe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-01-01 Os testes de vigor e o teste de germinação são componentes essenciais no controle de qualidade das empresas de produção de sementes. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência de diferentes testes de vigor e de variações de suas metodologias na avaliação da qualidade de sementes de couve-brócolos visando diferenciação de lotes e previsão de emergência em bandeja, cinco lotes de sementes do híbrido Flórida foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: germinação; primeira contagem de germinação; emissão de raiz primária (após 48, 56, 72, 80 e 96 h após a instalação do teste de germinação); emergência de plântulas em substrato; envelhecimento acelerado com água (1g de sementes mantidas a 41ºC por 48 e 72 h a 100%UR); envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de sal (mesmo procedimento do item anterior, porém usando solução de NaCl, 40% e 76%UR); condutividade elétrica (50 sementes em 25 mL de água destilada a 25ºC e leituras após 2, 4, 6, 8 e 24 h). Todos os testes apresentaram correlação significativa com a porcentagem de emergência de plântulas em substrato, a 1% de probabilidade. Os testes de envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de sal por 48 h e de condutividade elétrica após 8 e 24 h de embebição foram eficientes e tiveram resultados semelhantes aos da emergência em substrato. Os testes da primeira contagem de germinação, emissão da raiz primária após 56 h e envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de sal por 72 h, apresentaram-se mais eficientes que a emergência de plântulas em substrato na diferenciação do vigor dos lotes. The vigor tests and germination test are essential components of seed quality control to the seed industry. This research was understaken to study an adequate method to estimate vigor in different seed lots and to predict seedling emergence on spedling trays. Five lots of broccoli `Florida' hybrid seeds were submitted to the following tests: germination; first germination count; primary root emission (48, 56, 72, 80, and 96 hour after sowing); seedling emergence on spedling trays; accelerated aging with water (1 g of seeds maintained at 41ºC during 48 and 72 hours); accelerated aging with salt (the same procedure of last item, but using 40% NaCl solution); electrical conductivity (50 seeds in 25 mL of distilled water at 25 ºC and evaluations after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours imbibition). All the tests presented significant correlation with emergence on spedling trays at 1% probability level. The accelerated aging tests with saturated salt solution during 48 hours and the electrical conductivity after 8 and 24 hours imbibitions showed similar results at emergence on spedling trays. The first germination count, primary root emission after 56 hours and accelerated aging with salt during 72 hours were more efficient than emergence on spedling trays to differentiate vigor among seed lots. UNESP FCA Depto. Produção Vegetal Faculdades Integradas Espírita UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Depto. de Produção Vegetal UNESP FCA Depto. Produção Vegetal UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Depto. de Produção Vegetal

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:06:10Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:06:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1994-07-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:21:53Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:21:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1994-07-01 Sementes de trigo Triticum aestivum L., cv. Anahuac, foram tratadas com seis doses de triadimenol (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; 37,5; 50,0 e 62,5 g de i.a./100 kg de sementes) a de tebuconazole (0,0; 7,5; 15,0; 22,5; 30,0 e 37,5 g de i.a./100 kg de sementes), visando reduzir o comprimento do mesocótilo das plântulas, e, conseqüentemente, aprofundar no solo o ponto de emissão das raízes secundárias. As sementes foram semeadas em vasos, a cinco cm de profundidade, e após duas semanas contou-se o número de plântulas por vaso e avaliou-se o comprimento do mesocótilo (CM). Este pode ser representado pelas equações: a) CM = 4,49 - 0,1779x + 0,002161 x2 (r2 = 0,9247); b) CM = 4,62 - 0,29948 y + 0,006480 y2 - 0,00004622 y3 (r2 = 0,9551), onde "x" e "y" representam as doses de tebuconazole e triadimenol, respectivamente. O CM assumiu valores mínimos em relação a doses de triadimenol iguais ou superiores a 37,5 g de i.a./100 kg de sementes, enquanto que para o tebuconazole decresceu continuamente com o aumento da dose do produto, tendo apresentado valores próximos a 1 cm em relação à maior dose. O triadimenol permitiu, em doses adequadas, inibição quase total do mesocótilo das plântulas de trigo, sem lhe afetar a emergência ou o desenvolvimento inicial. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Anahuac cultivar, were treated with six triadimenol (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; 37,5; 50,0 and 62,5 g of a.i./100 kg of seeds) and tebuconazole (0,0; 7,5; 15,0; 22,5 30,0 and 37,5 g of a.i./100 kg of seeds) dosis to reduce the subcrown internode length and then to deep the point of emission of adventitious roots. Seeds were seeded in pots with soil, with 5 cm of depth and after two weeks the seedlings number was counted and the subcrown internode length (CM) was evaluated. The CM may be represented by the equations: a) CM = 4,49 - 0,1779 x + 0,002161 x2 (r2 = 0,9247); b) CM = 4,62 - 0,29948 y + 0,006480 y3 - 0,00004622 y3 (r2 = 0,9551), where ''x'' and ''y'' represent tebuconazole and triadimenol dosis, respectively. The CM showed minimum values for triadimenol dosis equal to or higher than 37,5 g a.i./100 kg of seeds and for tebuconazole decreased continuously with the increase of the product dosis, showing values near to 1 cm for the maximum dosis. The triadimenol allowed, at suitable dosis, almost total inhibition of the wheat seedlings subcrown internode with no effects on seedling emergence and initial growth. UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA JULIO MESQUITA FILHO,FCA,DEPT AGR & MELHORAMENTO VEG,CAIXA POSTAL 237,BR-18603970 BOTUCATU,SP,BRAZIL UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA JULIO MESQUITA FILHO,FCA,DEPT AGR & MELHORAMENTO VEG,CAIXA POSTAL 237,BR-18603970 BOTUCATU,SP,BRAZIL

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:05:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:05:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1994-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:23:47Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1994-02-01 The present work aims at defining the panicle and spikelet maturity of Avena strigosa Schreb. Four experiments were carried out under field conditions during 1989 (E1 and E2) and 1990 (E3 and E4) in Botucatu county, São Paulo State, Brazil. The sowings were made in 04.19.89 (E1) and 06.18.89 (E2). Maturity of panicle was evaluated by weekly (E1) or biweekly harvests (E2) beginning at total emergence of the panicle. In E3 and E4, sowing was made in 06.04.90 and each experiment had a single harvest date (E3 = 11.01.90 and E4 = 11.07.90). After harvest, the spikelets with similar stage of development were grouped and evaluated. Based on dry matter accumulation and germination percentage of the seeds, it was observed that the maturity of the seeds in the panicle was reached at 28 and 35 days after total emergence of the panicle in the April sowing, and between 24.5 and 28 days in the June sowing. During this period a few percentage of panicles not yet yellow became all yellow, the cariopsis at semi-hard stage became hard and moisture of the seeds dropped from 32% to 12%. The maturity of the seeds in the spikelet was reached when the glumes changed their color from yellowish to yellow, the lemma and palea changed from yellow with black strips to black, the cariopsis changed from farinaceous stage to semi-hard and the moisture content of the seeds changed from 40% to 25%. UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA JULIO MESQUITA FILHO,FCAB,CAIXA POSTAL 237,BR-18600 BOTUCATU,SP,BRAZIL UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA JULIO MESQUITA FILHO,FCAB,CAIXA POSTAL 237,BR-18600 BOTUCATU,SP,BRAZIL

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:05:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:05:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1994-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:29:19Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:29:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1994-02-01 The present work aimed to define the field maturity of Avena strigosa Schreb seeds cv. Comum. Three experiments were carried out in field conditions during 1986, 1987 and 1989 in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The sowings were made in May. The characteristics evaluated were: panicles and spikelet aspects, the weight of the dry matter of 100 seeds with and without glumes, the seed moisture, the percentage of germinated seeds (sum of normal + abnormal seedlings), the percentage of germination and vigor (first count of germination test). Based on the dry matter accumulation and the gemination percentage of the seeds, it was concluded that the field maturity of the seeds was reached around 28 and 3 5 days after 100% of panicles emergence of the field. At this stage, the field presented a few percentage of particles (+/- 20%) not yet all yellowish, with spikelets at semi-hard stage and the seeds with 20 to 30% of moisture. UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA JULIO MESQUITA FILHO, FCAB, CAIXA POSTAL 237, BR-18603970 BOTUCATU, SP, BRAZIL UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA JULIO MESQUITA FILHO, FCAB, CAIXA POSTAL 237, BR-18603970 BOTUCATU, SP, BRAZIL

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:05:05Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:05:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1992-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:21:00Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1992-09-01 O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda São Manuel, da FCA/UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu, em Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, textura média, com o objetivo de verificar a influência da densidade de plantas e espaçamento entre linhas na distribuição do sistema radicular da aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreber). Utilizaram-se duas densidades (1,5 milhão e 2,5 milhões de sementes viáveis/ha) e dois espaçamentos (20 cm e 30 cm entre linhas). As coletas de solo e raízes foram realizadas 81 dias após a semeadura, no início do florescimento, utilizando-se trado cilíndrico de 2,6 cm x 20 cm, retirando-se amostras na linha e na entrelinha, nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm. Na mesma época, coletaram-se amostras de plantas para avaliar o peso seco da parte aérea. Análises do solo mostraram concentração do fósforo nas camadas superiores (principalmente até 10 cm), enquanto que as bases estiveram distribuídas no perfil. Embora a maior concentração de raízes tenha sido obtida também de 0 a 10 cm, não foi possível associá-la às características químicas do solo. Por outro lado, os espaçamentos e densidades populacionais não interferem na distribuição do sistema radicular e peso da matéria seca da parte aérea da aveia. The experiment was carried out at Sao Manuel Experimental Farm, Agronomy College, São Paulo State University, Brazil, in a Dark-Red Latosol (loamy sand) to verify oat (Avena strigosa Schreber) rooting patterns under different plant populations (1,5 x 10(6) and 2.5 x 106 plants/ha) and row spacings (0.20 and 0.30 m.). Soil and roots were sampled 81 days after planting, at bloom stage. Cylindrical cores with 2.6 cm diameter were taken from soil depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. At the same time, plant canopies where also sampled to determine the dry weight. Soil analysis showed P to be concentrated in the upper 10 cm whereas the bases were uniform in the profile. There was a high root concentration in the 0-10 cm layer (9.9 to 13.0 cm/cm3 under the row and 10.0 to 11.5 cm/cm2 in the inter-row), which was not related to chemical characteristics of the soil. There was no effect of plant population or row spacing on oat root distribution or growth in the soil profile. UNESP,FAC CIEN AGRON,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL UNESP,FAC CIEN AGRON,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL