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4. Introducing the speech therapist in the Neonatology Unit: an innovative way to support breastfeeding in healthy newborns even during COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Maragliano, G., primary, Piscitelli, C., additional, Iorio, C., additional, Cavaliere, M., additional, Pinna, G., additional, Carucci, T., additional, Cao, M., additional, De Nardo, M.C., additional, Clemente, A., additional, Guadagno, C., additional, Di Feliciantonio, M., additional, and Barletta, F., additional

Published
2023
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8. Compositional modelling of immune response and virus transmission dynamics

Author

Waites, W, Cavaliere, M, Danos, V, Datta, R, Eggo, RM, Hallett, TB, Manheim, D, Panovska-Griffiths, J, Russell, TW, Zarnitsyna, VI, Waites, W, Cavaliere, M, Danos, V, Datta, R, Eggo, RM, Hallett, TB, Manheim, D, Panovska-Griffiths, J, Russell, TW, and Zarnitsyna, VI

Abstract

Transmission models for infectious diseases are typically formulated in terms of dynamics between individuals or groups with processes such as disease progression or recovery for each individual captured phenomenologically, without reference to underlying biological processes. Furthermore, the construction of these models is often monolithic: they do not allow one to readily modify the processes involved or include the new ones, or to combine models at different scales. We show how to construct a simple model of immune response to a respiratory virus and a model of transmission using an easily modifiable set of rules allowing further refining and merging the two models together. The immune response model reproduces the expected response curve of PCR testing for COVID-19 and implies a long-tailed distribution of infectiousness reflective of individual heterogeneity. This immune response model, when combined with a transmission model, reproduces the previously reported shift in the population distribution of viral loads along an epidemic trajectory. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.

Published
2022

9. Surgical management of pediatric intracranial CCM: a 10-year single center experience

Author

Calloni, T, Carai, A, Lioi, F, Cavaliere, M, De Benedictis, A, Rossi, S, Randi, F, Espagnet, M, Trivisano, M, Cesario, C, Pisaneschi, E, Marasi, A, Savioli, A, Giussani, C, Marras, C, Espagnet, MCR, Giussani, CG, Marras, CE, Calloni, T, Carai, A, Lioi, F, Cavaliere, M, De Benedictis, A, Rossi, S, Randi, F, Espagnet, M, Trivisano, M, Cesario, C, Pisaneschi, E, Marasi, A, Savioli, A, Giussani, C, Marras, C, Espagnet, MCR, Giussani, CG, and Marras, CE

Abstract

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are low-flow vascular malformations made up of dilated vascular spaces without intervening parenchyma that can occur throughout the central nervous system. CCMs can occur sporadically or in familial forms. Presentation is diverse, ranging from asymptomatic discoveries to drug-resistant epilepsy and hemorrhages. Methods: We describe the surgical management of CCMs in pediatric patients at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome over the last 10 years. The cases have been stratified based on the clinical presentation and the relevant literature is discussed accordingly. Results: We discuss the rationale and technique used in these cases based on their presentation, as well as the generally positive outcomes we achieved with early surgical management, use of intra-operative ultrasound (ioUS) and intraoperative neuromonitoring. Conclusions: Surgical management of pediatric CCMs is a safe and effective strategy, low rates of postoperative morbidity and partial resection were observed.

Published
2022

10. Assessing the ecological quality status of the highly polluted Bagnoli area (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) using foraminiferal eDNA metabarcoding

Author

Cavaliere, M., primary, Barrenechea Angeles, I., additional, Montresor, M., additional, Bucci, C., additional, Brocani, L., additional, Balassi, E., additional, Margiotta, F., additional, Francescangeli, F., additional, Bouchet, V.M.P., additional, Pawlowski, J., additional, and Frontalini, F., additional

Published
2021
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12. Rule-based epidemic models

Author

Waites, W, Cavaliere, M, Manheim, D, Panovska-Griffiths, J, Danos, V, Waites, W, Cavaliere, M, Manheim, D, Panovska-Griffiths, J, and Danos, V

Abstract

Rule-based models generalise reaction-based models with reagents that have internal state and may be bound together to form complexes, as in chemistry. An important class of system that would be intractable if expressed as reactions or ordinary differential equations can be efficiently simulated when expressed as rules. In this paper we demonstrate the utility of the rule-based approach for epidemiological modelling presenting a suite of seven models illustrating the spread of infectious disease under different scenarios: wearing masks, infection via fomites and prevention by hand-washing, the concept of vector-borne diseases, testing and contact tracing interventions, disease propagation within motif-structured populations with shared environments such as schools, and superspreading events. Rule-based models allow to combine transparent modelling approach with scalability and compositionality and therefore can facilitate the study of aspects of infectious disease propagation in a richer context than would otherwise be feasible.

Published
2021

13. Opinion diversity and the resilience of cooperation in dynamical networks

Author

Miles, AL, Cavaliere, M, Miles, AL, and Cavaliere, M

Abstract

Across various scenarios, individuals cooperate with others to contribute towards a shared goal and ensure self-preservation. In game theory, the act of cooperation is considered as an individual producing some form of benefit to be utilised by others, under the expectation others will return the favour. In several scenarios, individuals make use of their own information to aid with their decision about who to connect and cooperate with. However, the choice of cooperation can be taken advantage of by opportunistic defectors, which can lead to significant disruption. This paper investigates how the diversity of opinion can contribute to the structure and mechanics of a dynamical network model and to the resilience of cooperation, by utilising a computational model where individuals make use of both public and private information to implement their decision. Our results show that increasing diversity leads to more stable, less connected and less prosperous networks coupled to more frequent, but shallower information cascades. Our work generally shows that the outcome of the conflict between cooperators and cheaters strongly depends on the interplay between population structure, individual decision making and individual opinions.

Published
2021

14. Our Experience on Temporal Bone Fractures: Retrospective Analysis of 141 Cases

Author

Ricciardiello, F, Mazzone, Elena Stacy, Longo, G, Russo, G, Piccirillo, E, Sequino, G, Cavaliere, M, Accardo, N, Oliva, F, Salomone, P, Perrella, M, Zeccolini, F, Romano, D, Di Maro, F, Viola, Antonella Anna Paola, Cifali, R, Muto, F, Galli, Jacopo, Mazzone, S, Viola, P, Galli, J (ORCID:0000-0001-6353-6249), Ricciardiello, F, Mazzone, Elena Stacy, Longo, G, Russo, G, Piccirillo, E, Sequino, G, Cavaliere, M, Accardo, N, Oliva, F, Salomone, P, Perrella, M, Zeccolini, F, Romano, D, Di Maro, F, Viola, Antonella Anna Paola, Cifali, R, Muto, F, Galli, Jacopo, Mazzone, S, Viola, P, and Galli, J (ORCID:0000-0001-6353-6249)

Abstract

Temporal bone fractures are a common lesion of the base of the skull. The diagnosis and management of temporal bone fractures require a multidisciplinary approach. Variable clinical presentations may arise from such fractures, ranging from an asymptomatic course to very serious consequences. The aim of this study was to report our experience with a series of patients with temporal bone fractures and to propose a diagnostic/therapeutic algorithm. This study enrolled 141 patients, 96 (68.1%) males and 45 (31.9%) females, ranging in age from 20 to 60 (average age: 39 +/- 4.1 years), with temporal bone fractures who were referred to Cardarelli Hospital between 2006 and 2018. The present paper presents a classification of temporal bone fractures and typical clinical sequelae and provides an illustration of their prognosis and treatment.

Published
2021

16. ANIONE - Deliverable Report D2.1 - Harmonised test protocols for assessing AEM electrolysis components, cells and stacks in a wide range of operating temperature and pressure

Author

A. S. Aricò, A. Carbone, S. Zignani, G. Monforte, M. Minutoli, M. Girolamo, A. Patti, M. Bottari (CNR), D. Jones, S. Cavaliere, M. Dupont, J. Roziere (CNRS), E.Tal Gutelmacher, A. Amel (POCELLTECH), S. Jones, J. Wright, N. van Dijk (PV3), L. Grahl-Madsen, M. Odgaard (IRD), and W Schutyser, S Knauf (HYDROGENICS)

Subjects
test protocols, AEM, electrolysys
Abstract

Harmonised test protocols for assessing AEM electrolysis components, cells and stacks in a wide range of operating temperature and pressure

Published
2020

17. Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland and ipsilateral thyroid incidentaloma: report of a rare case with review of literature

Author

Candelori, F, Minni, A, Greco, A, Scarpa, A, Cassandro, C, Cavaliere, M, Bisognox, M, Cassandro, E, DE VINCENTIIS, Marco, and Ralli, M

Subjects
Parotidectomy, endocrine system diseases, Pleomorphic adenoma, benign salivary gland tumors, parotidectomy, pleomorphic adenoma, thyroid incidentaloma, multinodular goiter, Thyroid incidentaloma, Benign salivary gland tumors, Articles, Multinodular goiter
Abstract

Background: Pleomorphic adenomas are benign tumors of the salivary glands that mainly affect the lower pole of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. The term "pleomorphic" refers to the epithelial and connective origin of the mass. The clinical presentation is typically that of asymptomatic swelling which increases in volume. Therapy consists in surgical removal of the tumor mass by parotidectomy with nerve preservation. Case details: This clinical case describes an interesting case of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland in a 62-year-old patient. The patient presented with a long history of an asymptomatic mildly worsening swelling of the left parotid region. The peculiarity of the clinical case is the dimension of the adenoma (9x5x9 cm) and the presence of a thyroid incidentaloma (TI), consisting of a thyroid multinodular goiter composed of nodules, the largest of which measured 8 cm in diameter. This mass dislocated the laryngotracheal axis, compressed the larynx and caused the reduction of the respiratory space, making orotracheal intubation difficult and determining the need to perform a tracheotomy. Conclusion: Benign pleomorphic adenomas can potentially reach large sizes if untreated. Socio-economic problems may be the reason for late diagnosis.

Published
2020
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18. Dietary restriction for the treatment of Meniere’s disease

Author

De Luca, P, Cassandro, C, Ralli, M, Gioacchini, FM, Turchetta, R, Orlando, MP, Iaccarino, I, Cavaliere, M, Cassandro, E, and Scarpa, A

Subjects
vertigo, Tinnitus, Meniere disease, hearing loss, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Articles
Abstract

Meniere's disease (MD) is an idiopathic inner ear disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), aural fullness and tinnitus. Endolymphatic hydrops (EH) of the inner ear is currently considered the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlies typical symptoms of MD. MD diagnosis is based on the criteria of the Baràny Society. There are many therapeutic options for MD, but none is considered effective by the scientific community. The first-line treatment commonly includes dietary modification, as low salt diet and reduction of alcohol and caffeine daily intake. Although some studies showed a positive effect of these dietary restrictions, even in the prevention of recurrences, currently there is no uniform consensus on their usefulness. New dietary approach, such SPC-flakes, are being evaluated: further assessments will be needed to validate their use in clinical practice.

Published
2020

19. Infant ossified cephalohematoma: a review of the surgical management and technical update

Author

Calloni, T, Trezza, A, Mazzoleni, F, Cavaliere, M, Canonico, F, Sganzerla, E, Giussani, C, Calloni, Tommaso, Trezza, Andrea, Mazzoleni, Fabio, Cavaliere, Marilou, Canonico, Francesco, Sganzerla, Erik, Giussani, Carlo, Calloni, T, Trezza, A, Mazzoleni, F, Cavaliere, M, Canonico, F, Sganzerla, E, Giussani, C, Calloni, Tommaso, Trezza, Andrea, Mazzoleni, Fabio, Cavaliere, Marilou, Canonico, Francesco, Sganzerla, Erik, and Giussani, Carlo

Abstract

Cephalohematoma is a subperiosteal collection of blood above the skull. It is associated with operative and prolonged deliveries. In most cases the hematoma spontaneously resolves in a short span of time, usually within one month. In a few cases cephalohematoma can become ossified and require surgical treatment. Traditional belief that ossified cephalohematomas are an exclusively cosmetic issue has been called into question by recent description of EEG anomalies associated to a calcified cephalohematoma. We review relevant surgical literature, and we describe a novel variant of Wong's Radial Cap technique by foregoing healthy bone margin removal, removing the cephalohematoma lamellae in a stepwise fashion and using resorbable plaques for fixation. We furthermore review the rationale, timing and step-by-step execution of the procedure. An exemplary case description is discussed.

Published
2020

20. Comparison of electroglottographic variability index in euphonic and pathological voice

Author

Nacci, A., primary, Romeo, S. O., additional, Cavaliere, M. D., additional, Macerata, A., additional, Bastiani, L., additional, Paludetti, G., additional, Galli, J., additional, Marchese, M. R., additional, Barillari, M. R., additional, Barillari, U., additional, Berrettini, S., additional, Laschi, C., additional, Cianchetti, M., additional, Manti, M., additional, Ursino, F., additional, and Fattori, B., additional

Published
2019
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21. INQUADRAMENTO CLINICO E MANAGEMENT DELLO SCHWANNOMA ESCLUSIVAMENTE INTRALABIRINTICO

Author

Cavaliere M, Di Lorenzo G, Mesolella M, Cantone E, Di Lullo AM, Capriglione P, Petti A, Coronella V, Iengo M., AUORL, Cavaliere, M, Di Lorenzo, G, Mesolella, M, Cantone, E, DI LULLO, ANTONELLA MIRIAM, Capriglione, P, Petti, A, Coronella, V, and Iengo, M.

Subjects
schwannoma intralabirintico , RM
Abstract

Lo schwannoma intralabirintico (SIL) è un raro tumore benigno (prevalenza 0.1-0.4%) che origina dalle cellule di Schwann situate a ridosso della giunzione cito-neurale dell’VIII n.c. I sintomi clinici includono ipoacusia neurosensoriale monolaterale progressiva (95%), acufeni (51%), disequilibrio (35%), vertigine (22%), fullness (2%). Alla risonanza magnetica (RM) il tumore si presenta come una massa circoscritta, iperintensa in T1, ipointensa in T2 e con enhancement dopo gadolinio nelle immagini T1-pesate. Il management prevede in prima istanza osservazioni seriali con RM “wait and scan approach”. La chirurgia, considerando le complicanze descritte quali anacusia (100%), paralisi VII n.c. (4%), fistola liquorale (5.4%), meningite (1.8%), è riservata a casi limitati e dipende da: età, condizioni generali del paziente, sede e dimensioni del tumore ed è consigliabile in caso di un pattern di crescita invasivo e presenza di sintomi vertiginosi non responsivi al trattamento medico.

Published
2018

27. Evaluation of Discomfort in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimen Collection for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis.

Author

Marra, P., Colacurcio, V., Bisogno, A., De Luca, P., Calvanese, M., Petrosino, M., De Bonis, E., Troisi, D., Cassandro, C., Cavaliere, M., Ralli, M., Cassandro, E., and Scarpa, A.

Subjects
NASOPHARYNX cancer, COVID-19 pandemic, PAIN management, NUCLEOTIDE sequence, NASOPHARYNX
Abstract

Background. The rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide has imposed the need to identify a test that quickly recognizes affected subjects, both symptomatic and asymptomatic. The most reliable option has been proven to be the RT-PCR, which allows to detect virus RNA on a specimen from a high viral load site, such as nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal sample collection is possible by means of a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and is a practical and relatively non-invasive technique, but rather bothersome for the recipient. Aim. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the discomfort evoked during NPS. Materials and Methods. We surveyed 429 patients receiving NPS before hospitalization or other procedures non related to COVID-19. For each one we noted the discomfort level felt during the swab using a 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain and the total time needed for the procedure to be taken. Sex, age, smoking status and positive history of previous swab have been taken into account. Results. We found that, among the variables, sex had a statistically significant impact on the perceived discomfort of nasal swab, with females experiencing slightly more discomfort. Conclusions. NPS is largely a none-to-minimum discomfort inducing procedure. The differences in perceived discomfort could be explained based on anatomical features, and should remark the need for a tailored and anatomy-oriented approach in each patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Il coefficiente di diffusione apparente 'ADC' nella diagnosi differenziale della patologia colesteatomatosa

Author

Di Lullo AM, Cavaliere M, Scala G, Capriglione P, Iengo M, Otology 3.0, DI LULLO, ANTONELLA MIRIAM, Cavaliere, M, Scala, G, Capriglione, P, and Iengo, M

Subjects
ADC, colesteatoma, RM-DWI
Abstract

nello studio dell’otite media cronica, la Risonanza Magnetica pesata in diffusione (RMDWI) può distinguere il colesteatoma dal tessuto di granulazione, quando altre tecniche - Tomografia Computerizzata e sequenze tradizionali di RM - sono insufficienti. A tale scopo la RM deve includere sequenze T1, T1 postgadolinium, T2, e DWI. Finora si tratta comunque di una valutazione qualitativa affidata ad un radiologo esperto. Per ottenere invece un'analisi quantitativa dell’intensità del segnale in RM-DWI, abbiamo valutato l’utilità del coefficiente di diffusione apparente (ADC) identificando un cut-off numerico per differenziare colesteatoma/tessuto di granulazione. METODI: lo studio retrospettivo ha riguardato 109 pazienti con sospetto clinico di colesteatoma primario o residuo/recidivante. Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti a RM preoperatoria tra Aprile 2011 e Marzo 2016. Abbiamo usato la coorte di 109 soggetti che hanno subito un intervento chirurgico di timpanoplastica (TPL). L'analisi statistica è stata effettuata su 100 pazienti, ha impiegato il software R - version 3.2.5. Nove casi sono stati utilizzati per la prova di validazione. La presenza/assenza di colesteatoma è avvenuta attraverso reperti intraoperatori, sempre confermati istologicamente. Quindi nei 100 soggetti abbiamo retrospettivamente misurato il valore ADC della RM preoperatoria. RISULTATI: abbiamo confrontato i reperti chirurgici di 109 pazienti con i valori medi ADC ed analizzata la distribuzione di quest’ultimi per colesteatoma/tessuto di granulazione, evidenziando due gruppi di clusterizzazione. Solo 2 pazienti restano all’esterno dei clusters rappresentando un falso positivo ed un falso negativo. La differenza nel valore medio di ADC tra colesteatoma (0,86 × 10-3mm2 /s) e tessuto di granulazione (2.22×10-3mm2 /s) tramite il Welch Two Sample t-test ha rilevato una differenza statisticamente significativa del valore di ADC per i pazienti con/senza colesteatoma(p

Published
2016

39. An information-theoretic measure for patterning in epithelial tissues

Author

Waites, William, Cavaliere, M, Cachat, Elise, Danos, Vincent, Davies, Jamie A, Waites, William, Cavaliere, M, Cachat, Elise, Danos, Vincent, and Davies, Jamie A

Abstract

We present path entropy, an information-theoretic measure that captures the notion of patterning due to phase separation in organic tissues. Recent work has demonstrated, both in silico and in vitro, that phase separation in epithelia can arise simply from the forces at play between cells with differing mechanical properties. These qualitative results give rise to numerous questions about how the degree of patterning relates to model parameters or underlying biophysical properties. Answering these questions requires a consistent and meaningful way of quantifying degree of patterning that we observe. We define a resolution-independent measure that is better suited than image-processing techniques for comparing cellular structures. We show how this measure can be usefully applied in a selection of scenarios from biological experiment and computer simulation, and argue for the establishment of a tissue-graph library to assist with parameter estimation for synthetic morphology.

Published
2018

41. L’IMPORTANZA DEL PATTERN IMMUNOISTOCHIMICO PER LA DIAGNOSI DIFFERENZIALE DI SARCOMA GRANULOCITICO

Author

Cuofano R., Cavaliere M., Di Lullo A. M., Cantone E., Maione N., Sicuranza A., Iengo M., Societa Italiana di Otorinolaringoiatria, Cuofano, R., Cavaliere, M., Di Lullo, A. M., Cantone, E., Maione, N., Sicuranza, A., and Iengo, M.

Subjects
sarcoma granulocitico, rinofaringe
Abstract

Il sarcoma granulocitico (SG) è una rara (3%) manifestazione extramidollare della Leucemia Acuta Mieloide (LAM). Rapporto M:F 1.42:1, età media alla diagnosi 37. Può essere isolato (8-20%), svilupparsi nel contesto di LAM o esserne espressione di recidiva (2.5-9.1%) e secondario a disordini mieloproliferativi/mielodisplastici. La diagnosi si effettua mediante biopsia, aspirato midollare, esami di laboratorio, imaging e va integrata con immunoistochimica e citochimica. La radioterapia (RT) è il trattamento di scelta in forme isolate, la chemioterapia combinata (induzione e consolidamento) in forme sistemiche. Riportiamo una raro caso di SG rinofaringe in paziente con pregressa LAM. MATERIALI E METODI Donna di 53 anni, non fumatrice, anamnesi positiva per LAM in remissione completa dopo chemioterapia ad alte dosi e trapianto di cellule staminali autologhe, praticate 7 anni prima. La paziente lamentava ipoacusia soggettiva sinistra da 5 mesi. L’endoscopia nasale evidenziava una massa peritubarica sinistra. Assenza di linfonodi latero-cervicali. L’imaging (RM e PET-TC) orientava per neoformazione rinofaringe (6 x 3,5 cm), SUV 5.7, assenza di erosione ossea. La biopsia rinofaringea evidenziava presenza di cellule immature. Al pattern immunoistochimico forte positività per CD43, CD34 e CD99 e negatività per mieloperossidasi (MPO) e CD117; elevata attività proliferativa Ki67 (circa 40%). Aspirato midollare negativo. RISULTATI I dati clinico-strumentali suggerivano ipotesi di localizzazione secondaria da processo ematologico. L’indagine immunoistochimica orientava per SG scarsamente differenziato (MPO-). La paziente praticava RT e follow-up. CONCLUSIONI Il SG è un tumore solido maligno, extramidollare, composto da mieloblasti o cellule mieloidi immature a vario grado di differenziazione. Spesso, nei soggetti non leucemici, le forme scarsamente differenziate sono diagnosticate erroneamente come linfoma a grandi cellule/linfoblastico/Burkitt e carcinoma anaplastico. L’immunoistochimica è necessaria per la diagnosi di SG e va sempre programmata in caso di patologia espansiva rinofaringea soprattutto se sussiste anamnesi positiva per patologia linfoproliferativa, anche se pregressa. Il caso riportato MPO-, raro in letteratura, orienta per diagnosi di SG, scarsamente differenziato, dunque a prognosi peggiore. Per questo la paziente è entrata in un protocollo multidisciplinare di follow-up tipo “short time”.

Published
2015

42. The rs39335 polymorphism of the RELN gene is not associated with otosclerosis in a southern Italian population

Author

Iossa S, Corvino V, Giannini P, Salvato R, Cavaliere M, Panetti M, Panetti G, Piantedosi B, Marciano E, Franzè A., Iossa, S, Corvino, V, Giannini, P, Salvato, R, Cavaliere, Michele, Panetti, M, Panetti, G, Piantedosi, B, Marciano, Elio, and Franze', Annamaria

Subjects
Otosclerosi, RELN gene, Adult, Male, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, Serine Endopeptidases, Otology, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Single nucleotide polymorphism, Reelin Protein, Otosclerosis, Italy, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, rs39335
Abstract

Otosclerosis, the single most common cause of hearing impairment in white adults, is characterised by bone dystrophy localized to the otic capsule and isolated endochondral bone sclerosis with alternating phases of bone resorption and formation. Conductive hearing loss develops when otosclerotic foci invade the stapedio-vestibular joint (oval window) and interfere with free motion of the stapes, but affected subjects frequently develop profound sensorineural hearing loss. The aetiology of otosclerosis is unknown. In the last years, several association studies have been performed and have suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms in some genes may be implicated in development of otosclerosis. The strongest association has been demonstrated for the reelin gene, located on chromosome 7q22.1, which encodes an extracellular matrix protein. The involvement of reelin in the pathogenesis of otosclerosis is controversial; it was identified in European and North African populations, but was excluded in an Indian population. To analyze the role of reelin in otosclerosis, it has been studied in a case-control analysis for the polymorphism rs39335 in a southern Italy population. In this population, the pathogenic link between the rs39335 variant and otosclerosis was excluded.L'otosclerosi, la causa più comune di perdita uditiva tra gli adulti bianchi, è caratterizzata da distrofia ossea localizzata alla capsula otica e sclerosi ossea encondrale isolata con alternanza di fasi di riassorbimento e formazione dell'osso. L'ipoacusia trasmissiva si sviluppa quando i focolai otosclerotici invadono l'articolazione stapedio-ovalare (finestra ovale) ed interferiscono con il libero movimento della staffa, ma spesso i soggetti affetti sviluppano un'ipoacusia neurosensoriale profonda. Ad oggi, l'eziologia dell'otosclerosi non è ancora nota. Negli ultimi anni, studi di associazione di diversi polimorfismi sono stati eseguiti e hanno suggerito il coinvolgimento di alcuni di essi nell'insorgenza dell'otosclerosi. L'associazione più forte è stata dimostrata per il gene relina, localizzato sul cromosoma 7q22.1 codificante una proteina della matrice extracellulare. Il coinvolgimento di relina nella patogenesi dell'otosclerosi è controverso in quanto è stato identificato in alcune popolazioni Europee e del Nord Africa, ma è stato escluso nella popolazione Indiana. Per analizzare l'importanza di relina nell'otosclerosi è stato realizzato uno studio di associazione caso-controllo per il polimorfismo rs39335 in una popolazione del Sud Italia. In questa popolazione l'associazione del polimorfismo rs9335 nello sviluppo dell'otosclerosi è stata esclusa.

Published
2013

43. Cooperation in microbial communities and their biotechnological applications

Author

Cavaliere, M, Feng, S, Soyer, OS, Jiménez, JI, Cavaliere, M, Feng, S, Soyer, OS, and Jiménez, JI

Abstract

Microbial communities are increasingly utilized in biotechnology. Efficiency and productivity in many of these applications depends on the presence of cooperative interactions between members of the community. Two key processes underlying these interactions are the production of public goods and metabolic cross-feeding, which can be understood in the general framework of ecological and evolutionary (eco-evo) dynamics. In this review, we illustrate the relevance of cooperative interactions in microbial biotechnological processes, discuss their mechanistic origins and analyse their evolutionary resilience. Cooperative behaviours can be damaged by the emergence of ‘cheating’ cells that benefit from the cooperative interactions but do not contribute to them. Despite this, cooperative interactions can be stabilized by spatial segregation, by the presence of feedbacks between the evolutionary dynamics and the ecology of the community, by the role of regulatory systems coupled to the environmental conditions and by the action of horizontal gene transfer. Cooperative interactions enrich microbial communities with a higher degree of robustness against environmental stress and can facilitate the evolution of more complex traits. Therefore, the evolutionary resilience of microbial communities and their ability to constraint detrimental mutants should be considered to design robust biotechnological applications.

Published
2017

44. The evolutionary resilience of distributed cellular computing

Author

Cavaliere, M, Sanchez, A, Cavaliere, M, and Sanchez, A

Abstract

Individual cells process environmental information relevant to their functions using biochemical processes and signalling networks that implement a flow of information from the extracellular environment, across the cell membrane to the cytoplasm in which the actual cellular computation takes place (in the form of gene expression). In many cases, the environmental information to be processed are either molecules produced by other cells or shared extracellular molecules - in this case the processing of the environmental information is a distributed, highly parallel computing process, in which cells must synchronize, coordinate and cooperate. While the ability of cells to cooperate can increase their overall computational power, it also raises an evolutionary stability issue - population of cooperating cells are at risk of cheating cells invasions, cells that do not cooperate but exploit the benefits of the population. The bridge between membrane computing (as a mathematical formalization of cellular computing) and evolutionary dynamics (as mathematical formalization of Natural selection) could lead to interesting insights on the evolutionary stability of cellular computing.

Published
2017

45. Eco-evolutionary feedbacks can rescue cooperation in microbial populations

Author

Moreno-Fenoll, C, Cavaliere, M, Martínez-García, E, Poyatos, JF, Moreno-Fenoll, C, Cavaliere, M, Martínez-García, E, and Poyatos, JF

Abstract

Bacterial populations whose growth depends on the cooperative production of public goods are usually threatened by the rise of cheaters that do not contribute but just consume the common resource. Minimizing cheater invasions appears then as a necessary mechanism to maintain these populations. However, that invasions result instead in the persistence of cooperation is a prospect that has yet remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that the demographic collapse induced by cheaters in the population can actually contribute to the rescue of cooperation, in a clear illustration of how ecology and evolution can influence each other. The effect is made possible by the interplay between spatial constraints and the essentiality of the shared resource. We validate this result by carefully combining theory and experiments, with the engineering of a synthetic bacterial community in which the public compound allows survival to a lethal stress. The characterization of the experimental system identifies additional factors that can matter, like the impact of the lag phase on the tolerance to stress, or the appearance of spontaneous mutants. Our work explains the unanticipated dynamics that eco-evolutionary feedbacks can generate in microbial communities, feedbacks that reveal fundamental for the adaptive change of ecosystems at all scales.

Published
2017

46. Auditory function and speech discrimination abilities are impaired in progressive supranuclear palsy

Author

Vitale, C., Santangelo, G., Allocca, R., Abbate, T., Peluso, S., Michele, G., Marcello Moccia, Picillo, M., Tafuri, D., Barone, P., Cavaliere, M., Vitale, C., Santangelo, G., Allocca, R., Abbate, T., Peluso, S., DE MICHELE, Giuseppe, Moccia, Marcello, Picillo, Marina, Tafuri, D., Barone, P., Cavaliere, Michele, Vitale, Allocca, R, Abate, T., Moccia, M., and Tafuri, D

Subjects
otorhinolaryngologic diseases, eye diseases, parkinsonism
Abstract

Objective: To find out hearing ability and speech discrimination of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, we performed audiological evaluation by means of Pure Tone (PTA) and Speech Audiometry (SA) of patients with PSP as compared with both normative values and sex-age matched Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and healthy controls. Background: Hearing impairment (HI) and altered speech discrimination abilities have been previously demonstrated in patients with PD. Despite its high prevalence in elderly, HI has never been investigated in patients with PSP. Methods: We screened a series of PSP outpatients attending our movement disorders unit. Severity of motor symptoms, disease staging and ongoing therapy were recorded at baseline. Audiometric evaluation consisted of a standardized audiological examination, PTA and SA. PD patients and healthy age- and sexmatched subjects were selected as controls. Results: 15 PSP patients, 45 PD patients and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. PTA showed severe agedependent sensorineural HI in PSP patients as compared with both normative values and controls. PTA also confirmed our previous finding of high-frequency HI in PD patients. The mean values for the Speech Recognition Threshold were higher in PSP patients as compared with both PD patients and controls. Finally PSP patients showed a significant speech-tone dissociation and rollover phenomenon thus suggesting retro-cochlear pathology and pointing to a central rather than a peripheral origin of HI in PSP. Conclusions: Our results showed the presence of severe age-dependent sensorineural hearing impairment in PSP patients as compared with both normative values and controls. Moreover, SA showed impaired speech discrimination abilities in PSP patients as compared with both PD patients and healthy controls thus expanding the non-motor panel of PSP

Published
2016

47. Effects of electron doping level on minority carrier lifetimes in n-type mid-wave infrared InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices

Author

Kadlec, E. A., primary, Olson, B. V., additional, Goldflam, M. D., additional, Kim, J. K., additional, Klem, J. F., additional, Hawkins, S. D., additional, Coon, W. T., additional, Cavaliere, M. A., additional, Tauke-Pedretti, A., additional, Fortune, T. R., additional, Harris, C. T., additional, and Shaner, E. A., additional

Published
2016
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48. Research frontiers of membrane computing: Open problems and research topics

Author

Gheorghe, M, Păun, G, Pérez Jiménez, M, Rozenberg, G, Ivanov, S, Rogozhin, Y, Csuhaj Varjú, E, Pan, L, Song, T, Krithivasan, K, Ramanujan, A, Vaszil, G, Murphy, N, Riscos Núñez, A, Rius Font, M, Romero Jiménez, Á, Cavaliere, M, Vasile, C, Pavel, A, Dumitrache, I, Ipate, F, Agrigoroaiei, O, Aman, B, Ciobanu, G, Zhang, G, Manca, V, Hinze, T, Păun, A, Obtulowicz, A, Díaz Pernil, D, Gutiérrez Naranjo, M, García Quismondo, M, Macías Ramos, L, Martínez Del Amor, M, Pérez Hurtado, I, Valencia Cabrera, L., ALHAZOV, ARTIOM, LEPORATI, ALBERTO OTTAVIO, MAURI, GIANCARLO, PORRECA, ANTONIO ENRICO, ZANDRON, CLAUDIO, Gheorghe, M, Păun, G, Pérez Jiménez, M, Rozenberg, G, Alhazov, A, Ivanov, S, Rogozhin, Y, Csuhaj Varjú, E, Pan, L, Song, T, Krithivasan, K, Ramanujan, A, Vaszil, G, Leporati, A, Mauri, G, Porreca, A, Zandron, C, Murphy, N, Riscos Núñez, A, Rius Font, M, Romero Jiménez, Á, Cavaliere, M, Vasile, C, Pavel, A, Dumitrache, I, Ipate, F, Agrigoroaiei, O, Aman, B, Ciobanu, G, Zhang, G, Manca, V, Hinze, T, Păun, A, Obtulowicz, A, Díaz Pernil, D, Gutiérrez Naranjo, M, García Quismondo, M, Macías Ramos, L, Martínez Del Amor, M, Pérez Hurtado, I, and Valencia Cabrera, L

Subjects
Semantics and formal verification, Finite-state machine, Theoretical computer science, Natural computing, Computer science, Complexity classe, Simulation framework, Spiking neurons, End-user computing, Formal language, Computer Science (miscellaneous), Complexity class, Membrane computing, P system, Cell membrane, Applications of membrane computing, Finite automata
Abstract

This paper discusses research frontiers of membrane computing by presenting current open problems and research topics, together with the relevant background and motivation.

Published
2013

49. Confronto tra sequenze di diffusione MSh-TSE e SSh-EPI nello studio RM del colesteatoma dell'orecchio medio

Author

Caliendo G, Elefante A, Caranci F, Marseglia M, Cicala D, Briganti F, Brunetti A, Di Lullo AM, Cavaliere M., Caliendo, G, Elefante, A, Caranci, F, Marseglia, M, Cicala, D, Briganti, F, Brunetti, A, DI LULLO, ANTONELLA MIRIAM, and Cavaliere, M.

Subjects
colesteatoma, RM DWI, SSh-EPI, MSh-TSE
Abstract

Confronto tra sequenze DWI MSh-TSE e SSh-EPI nello studio della patologia colesteatomatosa

Published
2013

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