741 results on '"Caubel, A."'
Search Results
2. Verifying mixing in dilution tunnels How to ensure cookstove emissions samples are unbiased
- Author
-
Wilson, D, Rapp, VH, Caubel, JJ, Chen, SS, and Gadgil, AJ
- Abstract
A well-mixed diluted sample is essential for unbiased measurement of cookstove emissions. Most cookstove testing labs employ a dilution tunnel, also referred to as a “duct,” to mix clean dilution air with cookstove emissions before sampling. It is important that the emissions be well-mixed and unbiased at the sampling port so that instruments can take representative samples of the emission plume. Some groups have employed mixing baffles to ensure the gaseous and aerosol emissions from cookstoves are well-mixed before reaching the sampling location [2, 4]. The goal of these baffles is to to dilute and mix the emissions stream with the room air entering the fume hood by creating a local zone of high turbulence. However, potential drawbacks of mixing baffles include increased flow resistance (larger blowers needed for the same exhaust flow), nuisance cleaning of baffles as soot collects, and, importantly, the potential for loss of PM2.5 particles on the baffles themselves,thus biasing results.A cookstove emission monitoring system with baffles will collect particles faster than the duct’s walls alone. This is mostly driven by the available surface area for deposition by processes of Brownian diffusion (through the boundary layer) and turbophoresis (i.e. impaction). The greater the surface area available for diffusive and advection-driven depositionto occur, the greater the particle loss will be at the sampling port. As a layer of larger particle “fuzz” builds on the mixing baffles, even greater PM2.5 loss could occur. The micro structure of the deposited aerosol will lead to increased rates of particle loss by interception and a tendency for smaller particles to deposit due to impaction on small features of themicro structure. If the flow stream could be well-mixed without the need for baffles, these drawbacks could be avoided and the cookstove emissions sampling system would be more robust.
- Published
- 2024
3. A review of regulatory standard test methods for residential wood heaters and recommendations for their advancement
- Author
-
Caubel, JJ, Trojanowski, R, Butcher, T, and Rapp, VH
- Subjects
Engineering ,Energy - Abstract
In many regions, residential wood heaters are a leading source of harmful air pollution but only satisfy a small portion of local heating demands. In response, standardized laboratory test methods have been developed to characterize and limit wood heater emissions. While these test methods are a key tool for advancing both wood heater technology and environmental regulations, many of the experimental procedures are outdated and provide few actionable insights for improving heater performance. Furthermore, these test methods vary widely around the world and may not adequately capture the performance of wood heaters operating in residences. This study presents a comprehensive review of standardized wood heater test methods to identify fundamental experimental objectives and regulated performance metrics. Using the results of this review, recommendations are provided to make the test methods more accessible and representative of residential performance, while generating actionable data to motivate heater design improvements. This study elucidates the current state of standard test methods, and the developments needed to advance clean wood heater technologies and public policies.
- Published
- 2023
4. The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science: lessons from CMIP6
- Author
-
M. C. Acosta, S. Palomas, S. V. Paronuzzi Ticco, G. Utrera, J. Biercamp, P.-A. Bretonniere, R. Budich, M. Castrillo, A. Caubel, F. Doblas-Reyes, I. Epicoco, U. Fladrich, S. Joussaume, A. Kumar Gupta, B. Lawrence, P. Le Sager, G. Lister, M.-P. Moine, J.-C. Rioual, S. Valcke, N. Zadeh, and V. Balaji
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is one of the biggest international efforts aimed at better understanding the past, present, and future of climate changes in a multi-model context. A total of 21 model intercomparison projects (MIPs) were endorsed in its sixth phase (CMIP6), which included 190 different experiments that were used to simulate 40 000 years and produced around 40 PB of data in total. This paper presents the main findings obtained from the CPMIP (the Computational Performance Model Intercomparison Project), a collection of a common set of metrics, specifically designed for assessing climate model performance. These metrics were exclusively collected from the production runs of experiments used in CMIP6 and primarily from institutions within the IS-ENES3 consortium. The document presents the full set of CPMIP metrics per institution and experiment, including a detailed analysis and discussion of each of the measurements. During the analysis, we found a positive correlation between the core hours needed, the complexity of the models, and the resolution used. Likewise, we show that between 5 %–15 % of the execution cost is spent in the coupling between independent components, and it only gets worse by increasing the number of resources. From the data, it is clear that queue times have a great impact on the actual speed achieved and have a huge variability across different institutions, ranging from none to up to 78 % execution overhead. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that the estimated carbon footprint of running such big simulations within the IS-ENES3 consortium is 1692 t of CO2 equivalent. As a result of the collection, we contribute to the creation of a comprehensive database for future community reference, establishing a benchmark for evaluation and facilitating the multi-model, multi-platform comparisons crucial for understanding climate modelling performance. Given the diverse range of applications, configurations, and hardware utilised, further work is required for the standardisation and formulation of general rules. The paper concludes with recommendations for future exercises aimed at addressing the encountered challenges which will facilitate more collections of a similar nature.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A Retrospective Case Series Analysis of Pregnancy and COVID-19 Based on a Global Postmarketing COVID-19 Surveillance Program
- Author
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Beyzarov, Elena, Chen, Yan, and Caubel, Patrick
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Verifying mixing in dilution tunnels How to ensure cookstove emissions samples are unbiased
- Author
-
Wilson, D, Rapp, VH, Caubel, JJ, Chen, SS, and Gadgil, AJ
- Abstract
A well-mixed diluted sample is essential for unbiased measurement of cookstove emissions. Most cookstove testing labs employ a dilution tunnel, also referred to as a “duct,” to mix clean dilution air with cookstove emissions before sampling. It is important that the emissions be well-mixed and unbiased at the sampling port so that instruments can take representative samples of the emission plume. Some groups have employed mixing baffles to ensure the gaseous and aerosol emissions from cookstoves are well-mixed before reaching the sampling location [2, 4]. The goal of these baffles is to to dilute and mix the emissions stream with the room air entering the fume hood by creating a local zone of high turbulence. However, potential drawbacks of mixing baffles include increased flow resistance (larger blowers needed for the same exhaust flow), nuisance cleaning of baffles as soot collects, and, importantly, the potential for loss of PM2.5 particles on the baffles themselves,thus biasing results.A cookstove emission monitoring system with baffles will collect particles faster than the duct’s walls alone. This is mostly driven by the available surface area for deposition by processes of Brownian diffusion (through the boundary layer) and turbophoresis (i.e. impaction). The greater the surface area available for diffusive and advection-driven depositionto occur, the greater the particle loss will be at the sampling port. As a layer of larger particle “fuzz” builds on the mixing baffles, even greater PM2.5 loss could occur. The micro structure of the deposited aerosol will lead to increased rates of particle loss by interception and a tendency for smaller particles to deposit due to impaction on small features of themicro structure. If the flow stream could be well-mixed without the need for baffles, these drawbacks could be avoided and the cookstove emissions sampling system would be more robust.
- Published
- 2021
7. A review of regulatory standard test methods for residential wood heaters and recommendations for their advancement
- Author
-
Caubel, J.J., Trojanowski, R., Butcher, T., and Rapp, V.H.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Practical design considerations for secondary air injection in wood-burning cookstoves: An experimental study
- Author
-
Caubel, Julien J, Rapp, Vi H, Chen, Sharon S, and Gadgil, Ashok J
- Subjects
Earth Sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Environmental Sciences ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution ,Social Determinants of Health ,Health Effects of Household Energy Combustion ,Climate Action - Abstract
Billions of households worldwide cook using biomass fires and suffer from the toxic smoke emitted into their homes. Laboratory studies of wood-burning cookstoves demonstrate that secondary air injection can greatly reduce the emission of harmful air pollution, but these experimental advancements are not easily translated into practical cookstove designs that can be widely adopted. In this study, we use a modular cookstove platform to experimentally quantify the practical secondary air injection design requirements (e.g., flow rate, pressure, and temperature) to reduce mass emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC) by at least 90% relative to a traditional cooking fire. Over the course of 111 experimental trials, we illuminate the physical mechanisms that drive emission reductions, and outline fundamental design principles to optimize cookstove performance. Using the experimental data, we demonstrate that low-cost (
- Published
- 2020
9. Practical design considerations for secondary air injection in wood-burning cookstoves: An experimental study
- Author
-
Caubel, JJ, Rapp, VH, Chen, SS, and Gadgil, AJ
- Subjects
Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Health Effects of Household Energy Combustion - Abstract
Billions of households worldwide cook using biomass fires and suffer from the toxic smoke emitted into their homes. Laboratory studies of wood-burning cookstoves demonstrate that secondary air injection can greatly reduce the emission of harmful air pollution, but these experimental advancements are not easily translated into practical cookstove designs that can be widely adopted. In this study, we use a modular cookstove platform to experimentally quantify the practical secondary air injection design requirements (e.g., flow rate, pressure, and temperature) to reduce mass emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC) by at least 90% relative to a traditional cooking fire. Over the course of 111 experimental trials, we illuminate the physical mechanisms that drive emission reductions, and outline fundamental design principles to optimize cookstove performance. Using the experimental data, we demonstrate that low-cost (
- Published
- 2020
10. Reporting of COVID-19 Reinfection and Potential Role of Immunosuppressant/Immunomodulating Agents: A Cross-Sectional Observational Analysis Based on a Spontaneous Reporting Database
- Author
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Beyzarov, Elena, Chen, Yan, and Caubel, Patrick
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Wood Heater Design Challenge Workshop Report
- Author
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Trojanowski, Rebecca, primary, Lindberg, J., additional, Butcher, T., additional, Rapp, V., additional, Caubel, J., additional, and Ackerly, J., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pharmacovigilance Strategy, Systems, and Processes of Large, Medium, and Small Companies: An Industry Survey
- Author
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Beninger, Paul, Caubel, Patrick, Sharma, Latika, Pajovich, Geo, and Boyd, Pete
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Acceptabilité du questionnaire Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) pour repérer les consommations de substances psychoactives en pratique courante de psychiatrie
- Author
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David, Thomas, Deschenau, Alice, Raoul Duval, Camille, Caubel, Joséphine, Laudrin, Stéphane, Lacarra, Boris, and Touzeau, Didier
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Leveraging RALI‐THINICE Observations to Assess How the ICOLMDZ Model Simulates Clouds Embedded in Arctic Cyclones.
- Author
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Raillard, Lea, Vignon, Étienne, Rivière, Gwendal, Madeleine, Jean‐Baptiste, Meurdesoif, Yann, Delanoë, Julien, Caubel, Arnaud, Jourdan, Olivier, Baudoux, Antoine, Fromang, Sébastien, and Conesa, Philippe
- Subjects
CLIMATE change models ,LIQUID crystals ,ICE crystals ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,RADAR in aeronautics ,ICE clouds ,SEA ice - Abstract
Despite their essential role in the high‐latitude climate, the representation of mixed‐phase clouds is still a challenge for Global Climate Models (GCMs)'s cloud schemes. In this study we propose a methodology for robustly assessing Arctic mixed‐phase cloud properties in a climate model using airborne measurements. We leverage data collected during the RALI‐THINICE airborne campaign that took place near Svalbard in August 2022 to evaluate the simulation of mid‐level clouds associated with Arctic cyclones. Simulations are carried out with the new limited‐area configuration of the ICOLMDZ model which combines the recent icosahedral dynamical core DYNAMICO and the physics of LMDZ, the atmospheric component of the IPSL‐CM Earth System Model. Airborne radar and microphysical probes measurements are then used to evaluate the simulated clouds. A comparison method has been set‐up to guarantee as much as possible the spatiotemporal co‐location between observed and simulated cloud fields. We mostly focus on the representation of ice and liquid in‐cloud contents and on their vertical distribution. Results show that the model overestimates the amount of cloud condensates and exhibits a poor cloud phase spatial distribution, with too much liquid water far from cloud top and too much ice close to it. The downward gradual increase in snowfall flux is also not captured by the model. This in‐depth model evaluation thereby pinpoints priorities for further improvements in the ICOLMDZ cloud scheme. Plain Language Summary: Mixed‐phase clouds, where ice crystals and supercooled liquid droplets coexist at sub‐zero temperatures, are ubiquitous in the polar regions. Albeit essential for the high‐latitude climate, they are still poorly represented by climate models. In this study, original measurements from the RALI‐THINICE airborne campaign, which took place in the Svalbard region in August 2022, are used to assess how the ICOLMDZ atmospheric model represents Arctic mixed phase clouds. A methodology is developed to make robust and co‐located model‐aircraft observation comparisons. In situ cloud probes and onboard radars are then used to evaluate the simulated amounts of liquid water and ice in clouds as well as the snowfall flux in deep clouds associated with the transit of Arctic cyclones. The results of the model evaluation show an overall overestimation of cloud condensates with too much liquid water far from cloud top and too much ice close to it. Key Points: Airborne RALI‐THINICE observations are used to evaluate Arctic clouds in the new limited area version of the ICOLMDZ modelA methodology has been developed to make robust and co‐located model‐observation comparisonsICOLMDZ simulates overly high amounts of liquid and ice in clouds particularly near cloud top [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Optimization of Secondary Air Injection in a Wood-Burning Cookstove: An Experimental Study
- Author
-
Caubel, Julien J, Rapp, Vi H, Chen, Sharon S, and Gadgil, Ashok J
- Subjects
Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Health Effects of Household Energy Combustion ,Climate Action ,Air Pollutants ,Cooking ,Particle Size ,Particulate Matter ,Wood ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Nearly 40% of the world's population regularly cooks on inefficient biomass stoves that emit harmful airborne pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM). Secondary air injection can significantly reduce PM mass emissions to mitigate the health and climate impacts associated with biomass cookstoves. However, secondary air injection can also increase the number of ultrafine particles emitted, which may be more harmful to health. This research investigates the effect of secondary air injection on the mass and size distribution of PM emitted during solid biomass combustion. An experimental wood-burning cookstove platform and parametric testing approach are presented to identify and optimize secondary air injection parameters that reduce PM and other harmful pollutants. Size-resolved measurements of PM emissions were collected and analyzed as a function of parametric stove design settings. The results show that PM emissions are highly sensitive to secondary air injection flow rate and velocity. Although increasing turbulent mixing (through increased velocity) can promote more complete combustion, increasing the total flow rate of secondary air may cause localized flame quenching that increases particle emissions. Therefore, biomass cookstoves that implement secondary air injection should be carefully optimized and validated to ensure that PM emission reductions are achieved throughout the particle size range.
- Published
- 2018
16. A New Black Carbon Sensor for Dense Air Quality Monitoring Networks.
- Author
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Caubel, Julien J, Cados, Troy E, and Kirchstetter, Thomas W
- Subjects
air quality monitoring ,black carbon ,wireless sensor network ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Analytical Chemistry ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Environmental Science and Management ,Ecology ,Distributed Computing - Abstract
Low-cost air pollution sensors are emerging and increasingly being deployed in densely distributed wireless networks that provide more spatial resolution than is typical in traditional monitoring of ambient air quality. However, a low-cost option to measure black carbon (BC)-a major component of particulate matter pollution associated with adverse human health risks-is missing. This paper presents a new BC sensor designed to fill this gap, the Aerosol Black Carbon Detector (ABCD), which incorporates a compact weatherproof enclosure, solar-powered rechargeable battery, and cellular communication to enable long-term, remote operation. This paper also demonstrates a data processing methodology that reduces the ABCD's sensitivity to ambient temperature fluctuations, and therefore improves measurement performance in unconditioned operating environments (e.g., outdoors). A fleet of over 100 ABCDs was operated outdoors in collocation with a commercial BC instrument (Magee Scientific, Model AE33) housed inside a regulatory air quality monitoring station. The measurement performance of the 105 ABCDs is comparable to the AE33. The fleet-average precision and accuracy, expressed in terms of mean absolute percentage error, are 9.2 ± 0.8% (relative to the fleet average data) and 24.6 ± 0.9% (relative to the AE33 data), respectively (fleet-average ± 90% confidence interval).
- Published
- 2018
17. The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science: lessons from CMIP6
- Author
-
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. PM - Programming Models, Acosta Cobos, Mario César, Palomas Martínez, Sergi, Paronuzzi Ticco, Stella Valentina, Utrera Iglesias, Gladys Miriam, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonnière, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo Melguizo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, Doblas Reyes, Francisco, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. PM - Programming Models, Acosta Cobos, Mario César, Palomas Martínez, Sergi, Paronuzzi Ticco, Stella Valentina, Utrera Iglesias, Gladys Miriam, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonnière, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo Melguizo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, and Doblas Reyes, Francisco
- Abstract
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is one of the biggest international efforts aimed at better understanding the past, present, and future of climate changes in a multi-model context. A total of 21 model intercomparison projects (MIPs) were endorsed in its sixth phase (CMIP6), which included 190 different experiments that were used to simulate 40 000 years and produced around 40 PB of data in total. This paper presents the main findings obtained from the CPMIP (the Computational Performance Model Intercomparison Project), a collection of a common set of metrics, specifically designed for assessing climate model performance. These metrics were exclusively collected from the production runs of experiments used in CMIP6 and primarily from institutions within the IS-ENES3 consortium. The document presents the full set of CPMIP metrics per institution and experiment, including a detailed analysis and discussion of each of the measurements. During the analysis, we found a positive correlation between the core hours needed, the complexity of the models, and the resolution used. Likewise, we show that between 5 %–15 % of the execution cost is spent in the coupling between independent components, and it only gets worse by increasing the number of resources. From the data, it is clear that queue times have a great impact on the actual speed achieved and have a huge variability across different institutions, ranging from none to up to 78 % execution overhead. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that the estimated carbon footprint of running such big simulations within the IS-ENES3 consortium is 1692 t of CO2 equivalent. As a result of the collection, we contribute to the creation of a comprehensive database for future community reference, establishing a benchmark for evaluation and facilitating the multi-model, multi-platform comparisons crucial for understanding climate modelling performance. Given the diverse range of applications, configurations, and hardware ut, This research has been supported by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (grant nos. PID2020116324RA-I00 (OEMES) and H2020-GA-824084 (ISENES))., Peer Reviewed, Article signat per 22 autors/es: Mario C. Acosta 1, Sergi Palomas 1, Stella V. Paronuzzi Ticco 1, Gladys Utrera 1, Joachim Biercamp 2, Pierre-Antoine Bretonniere 1, Reinhard Budich 3, Miguel Castrillo 1, Arnaud Caubel 4, Francisco Doblas-Reyes 1,14, Italo Epicoco 5, Uwe Fladrich 6, Sylvie Joussaume 4, Alok Kumar Gupta 7, Bryan Lawrence 8, Philippe Le Sager 9, Grenville Lister 8, Marie-Pierre Moine 10, Jean-Christophe Rioual 11, Sophie Valcke 10, Niki Zadeh 12, and Venkatramani Balaji 13 / 1- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça d’Eusebi Güell, 1–3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; 2- German Climate Computing Centre, Bundesstraße 45a, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; 3- Max Planck Institute, Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539 Munich, Germany; 4- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, 11 Bd d’Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France; 5- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Via della Libertà, 12, 30121 Venice, Italy; 6- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, 601 76 Norrköping, Sweden; 7- Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsgaten 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway; 8- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Fairbairn House, 71–75 Clarendon Rd, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9PH, United Kingdom; 9- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Utrechtseweg 297, 3731 GA De Bilt, the Netherlands; 10- European Center for Advanced Research and Training in Scientific Computing, 42 Av. Gaspard Coriolis, 31100 Toulouse, France; 11- Meteorological Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; 12- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Room 5128, Washington, DC 20230, USA; 13- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Room 129, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA; 14- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2024
18. Practical design considerations for secondary air injection in wood-burning cookstoves: An experimental study
- Author
-
Caubel, Julien J., Rapp, Vi H., Chen, Sharon S., and Gadgil, Ashok J.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Global Safety Database Summary of COVID-19-Related Drug Utilization-Safety Surveillance: A Sponsor’s Perspective
- Author
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Beyzarov, Elena, Chen, Yan, Julg, Rob, Naim, Karen, Shah, Jigna, Gregory, William W., Ayoub, Ayman, and Caubel, Patrick
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Reducing Ultrafine Particle Emissions Using Air Injection in Wood-Burning Cookstoves
- Author
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Rapp, Vi H, Caubel, Julien J, Wilson, Daniel L, and Gadgil, Ashok J
- Subjects
Earth Sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Environmental Sciences ,Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution ,Health Effects of Household Energy Combustion ,Social Determinants of Health ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Respiratory ,Climate Action ,Air Pollutants ,Cooking ,Fires ,Household Articles ,Particle Size ,Particulate Matter ,Wood - Abstract
In order to address the health risks and climate impacts associated with pollution from cooking on biomass fires, researchers have focused on designing new cookstoves that improve cooking performance and reduce harmful emissions, specifically particulate matter (PM). One method for improving cooking performance and reducing emissions is using air injection to increase turbulence of unburned gases in the combustion zone. Although air injection reduces total PM mass emissions, the effect on PM size distribution and number concentration has not been thoroughly investigated. Using two new wood-burning cookstove designs from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, this research explores the effect of air injection on cooking performance, PM and gaseous emissions, and PM size distribution and number concentration. Both cookstoves were created using the Berkeley-Darfur Stove as the base platform to isolate the effects of air injection. The thermal performance, gaseous emissions, PM mass emissions, and particle concentrations (ranging from 5 nm to 10 μm in diameter) of the cookstoves were measured during multiple high-power cooking tests. The results indicate that air injection improves cookstove performance and reduces total PM mass but increases total ultrafine (less than 100 nm in diameter) PM concentration over the course of high-power cooking.
- Published
- 2016
21. Reducing Ultrafine Particle Emissions Using Air Injection in Wood-Burning Cookstoves:
- Author
-
Rapp, Vi H., Caubel, Julien J., Wilson, Daniel L., and Gadgil, Ashok J.
- Abstract
In order to address the health risks and climate impacts associated with pollution from cooking on biomass fires, researchers have focused on designing new cookstoves that improve cooking performance and reduce harmful emissions, specifically particulate matter (PM). One method for improving cooking performance and reducing emissions is using air injection to increase turbulence of unburned gases in the combustion zone. Although air injection reduces total PM mass emissions, the effect on PM size-distribution and number concentration has not been thoroughly investigated. Using two new wood-burning cookstove designs from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, this research explores the effect of air injection on cooking performance, PM and gaseous emissions, and PM size distribution and number concentration. Both cookstoves were created using the Berkeley-Darfur Stove as the base platform to isolate the effects of air injection. The thermal performance, gaseous emissions, PM mass emissions, and particle concentrations (ranging from 5 nm to 10 μm in diameter) of the cookstoves were measured during multiple high-power cooking tests. The results indicate that air injection improves cookstove performance and reduces total PM mass but increases total ultrafine (less than 100 nm in diameter) PM concentration over the course of high-power cooking.
- Published
- 2016
22. IPSL-CM5A2 – an Earth system model designed for multi-millennial climate simulations
- Author
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P. Sepulchre, A. Caubel, J.-B. Ladant, L. Bopp, O. Boucher, P. Braconnot, P. Brockmann, A. Cozic, Y. Donnadieu, J.-L. Dufresne, V. Estella-Perez, C. Ethé, F. Fluteau, M.-A. Foujols, G. Gastineau, J. Ghattas, D. Hauglustaine, F. Hourdin, M. Kageyama, M. Khodri, O. Marti, Y. Meurdesoif, J. Mignot, A.-C. Sarr, J. Servonnat, D. Swingedouw, S. Szopa, and D. Tardif
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Based on the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5)-generation previous Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) Earth system model, we designed a new version, IPSL-CM5A2, aiming at running multi-millennial simulations typical of deep-time paleoclimate studies. Three priorities were followed during the setup of the model: (1) improving the overall model computing performance, (2) overcoming a persistent cold bias depicted in the previous model generation and (3) making the model able to handle the specific continental configurations of the geological past. These developments include the integration of hybrid parallelization Message Passing Interface – Open Multi-Processing (MPI-OpenMP) in the atmospheric model of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMDZ), the use of a new library to perform parallel asynchronous input/output by using computing cores as “I/O servers” and the use of a parallel coupling library between the ocean and the atmospheric components. The model, which runs with an atmospheric resolution of 3.75∘×1.875∘ and 2 to 0.5∘ in the ocean, can now simulate ∼100 years per day, opening new possibilities towards the production of multi-millennial simulations with a full Earth system model. The tuning strategy employed to overcome a persistent cold bias is detailed. The confrontation of a historical simulation to climatological observations shows overall improved ocean meridional overturning circulation, marine productivity and latitudinal position of zonal wind patterns. We also present the numerous steps required to run IPSL-CM5A2 for deep-time paleoclimates through a preliminary case study for the Cretaceous. Namely, specific work on the ocean model grid was required to run the model for specific continental configurations in which continents are relocated according to past paleogeographic reconstructions. By briefly discussing the spin-up of such a simulation, we elaborate on the requirements and challenges awaiting paleoclimate modeling in the next years, namely finding the best trade-off between the level of description of the processes and the computing cost on supercomputers.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Adverse Drug Reaction Case Safety Practices in Large Biopharmaceutical Organizations from 2007 to 2017: An Industry Survey
- Author
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Stergiopoulos, Stella, Fehrle, Mortiz, Caubel, Patrick, Tan, Louise, and Jebson, Louise
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Tuning Strategy of IPSL‐CM6A‐LR
- Author
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Juliette Mignot, Frédéric Hourdin, Julie Deshayes, Olivier Boucher, Guillaume Gastineau, Ionela Musat, Martin Vancoppenolle, Jérôme Servonnat, Arnaud Caubel, Frédérique Chéruy, Sébastien Denvil, Jean‐Louis Dufresne, Christian Ethé, Laurent Fairhead, Marie‐Alice Foujols, Jean‐Yves Grandpeix, Guillaume Levavasseur, Olivier Marti, Matthew Menary, Catherine Rio, Clément Rousset, and Yona Silvy
- Subjects
atmospheric energetic adjustment ,calibration ,climate model tuning ,metrics ,present‐day control ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Abstract The assessment of current and future risks for natural and human systems associated with climate change largely relies on numerical simulations performed with state‐of‐the‐art climate models. Various steps are involved in the development of such models, from development of individual components of the climate system up to free parameter calibration of the fully coupled model. Here, we describe the final tuning phase for the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR climate model. This phase alone lasted more than 3 years and relied on several pillars: (i) the tuning against present‐day conditions given a small adjustment of the ocean surface albedo to compensate for the current oceanic heat uptake, (ii) the release of successive versions after adjustments of the individual components, implying a systematic and recurrent adjustment of the atmospheric energetics, and (iii) the use of a few metrics based on large scale variables such as near‐global mean temperature, summer Arctic sea‐ice extent, as targets for the tuning. Successes, lessons and prospects of this tuning strategy are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science: lessons from CMIP6.
- Author
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Acosta, Mario C., Palomas, Sergi, Paronuzzi Ticco, Stella V., Utrera, Gladys, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonniere, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, Epicoco, Italo, Fladrich, Uwe, Joussaume, Sylvie, Kumar Gupta, Alok, Lawrence, Bryan, Le Sager, Philippe, Lister, Grenville, Moine, Marie-Pierre, Rioual, Jean-Christophe, and Valcke, Sophie
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,ENERGY industries ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is one of the biggest international efforts aimed at better understanding the past, present, and future of climate changes in a multi-model context. A total of 21 model intercomparison projects (MIPs) were endorsed in its sixth phase (CMIP6), which included 190 different experiments that were used to simulate 40 000 years and produced around 40 PB of data in total. This paper presents the main findings obtained from the CPMIP (the Computational Performance Model Intercomparison Project), a collection of a common set of metrics, specifically designed for assessing climate model performance. These metrics were exclusively collected from the production runs of experiments used in CMIP6 and primarily from institutions within the IS-ENES3 consortium. The document presents the full set of CPMIP metrics per institution and experiment, including a detailed analysis and discussion of each of the measurements. During the analysis, we found a positive correlation between the core hours needed, the complexity of the models, and the resolution used. Likewise, we show that between 5 %–15 % of the execution cost is spent in the coupling between independent components, and it only gets worse by increasing the number of resources. From the data, it is clear that queue times have a great impact on the actual speed achieved and have a huge variability across different institutions, ranging from none to up to 78 % execution overhead. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that the estimated carbon footprint of running such big simulations within the IS-ENES3 consortium is 1692 t of CO 2 equivalent. As a result of the collection, we contribute to the creation of a comprehensive database for future community reference, establishing a benchmark for evaluation and facilitating the multi-model, multi-platform comparisons crucial for understanding climate modelling performance. Given the diverse range of applications, configurations, and hardware utilised, further work is required for the standardisation and formulation of general rules. The paper concludes with recommendations for future exercises aimed at addressing the encountered challenges which will facilitate more collections of a similar nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Tropical Cyclones in Global High-Resolution Simulations using the IPSL Model
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Bourdin, Stella, primary, Fromang, Sébastien, additional, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Ghattas, Josefine, additional, Meurdesoif, Yann, additional, and Dubos, Thomas, additional
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- 2023
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27. West Syndrome Is an Exceptional Presentation of Pyridoxine- and Pyridoxal Phosphate-Dependent Epilepsy: Data From a French Cohort and Review of the Literature
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Marc Gibaud, Magalie Barth, Jérémie Lefranc, Karine Mention, Nathalie Villeneuve, Manuel Schiff, Hélène Maurey, Marie-Anne Barthez, Isabelle Caubel, Mondher Chouchane, Diane Doummar, Manoëlle Kossorotoff, Marie-Dominique Lamblin, Agathe Roubertie, Rima Nabbout, and Patrick Van Bogaert
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epilepsy ,West syndrome ,infantile ,spasms ,pyridoxine ,pyridoxal phosphate ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Objective: To characterize the electro-clinical presentation of patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent epilepsy in order to determine whether some of them could be diagnosed as de novo West syndrome, i. e., West syndrome that starts after the age of 2 months without other types of seizures (focal seizures for instance) before the onset of epileptic spasms.Methods: We analyzed data from an unpublished cohort of 28 genetically confirmed cases of PDE with antiquitine (ATQ) deficiency and performed a review of the literature looking for description of West syndrome in patients with either PDE with ATQ deficiency or PLP-dependent epilepsy with Pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency.Results: Of the 28 cases from the ATQ deficiency French cohort, 5 had spasms. In four cases, spasms were associated with other types of seizures (myoclonus, focal seizures). In the last case, seizures started on the day of birth. None of these cases corresponded to de novo West syndrome. The review of the literature found only one case of PNPO deficiency presenting as de novo West syndrome and no case of ATQ deficiency.Significance: The presentation of PDE- and PLP-dependent epilepsy as de novo West syndrome is so exceptional that it probably does not justify a systematic trial of pyridoxine or PLP. We propose considering a therapeutic trial with these vitamins in West syndrome if spasms are associated with other seizure types or start before the age of 2 months.
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- 2021
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28. Milnor open books and Milnor fillable contact 3-manifolds
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Caubel, C., Nemethi, A., and Popescu-Pampu, P.
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Mathematics - Symplectic Geometry ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,32S55 ,53D10 - Abstract
We say that a contact manifold is Milnor fillable if it is contactomorphic to the contact boundary of an isolated complex-analytic singularity (X,x). Generalizing results of Milnor and Giroux, we associate to each holomorphic function f defined on X, with isolated singularity at x, an open book which supports the contact structure. Moreover, we prove that any 3-dimensional oriented manifold admits at most one Milnor fillable contact structure up to contactomorphism. * * * * * * * * In the first version of the paper, we showed that the open book associated to f carries the contact structure only up to an isotopy. Here we drop this restriction. Following a suggestion of Janos Kollar, we also give a simplified proof of the algebro-geometrical theorem 4.1, central for the uniqueness result., Comment: 17 pages
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- 2004
29. Contact boundaries of hypersurface singularities and of complex polynomials
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Caubel, C. and Tibar, M.
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Mathematics - Complex Variables ,32S55, 53D10 - Abstract
We survey some recent results concerning the behaviour of the contact structure defined on the boundary of a complex isolated hypersurface singularity or on the boundary at infinity of a complex polynomial., Comment: 8 pages; to be published in the Caustics 2002 Volume from Banach Center Publications
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- 2003
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30. LMDZ6A: The Atmospheric Component of the IPSL Climate Model With Improved and Better Tuned Physics
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Frédéric Hourdin, Catherine Rio, Jean‐Yves Grandpeix, Jean‐Baptiste Madeleine, Frédérique Cheruy, Nicolas Rochetin, Arnaud Jam, Ionela Musat, Abderrahmane Idelkadi, Laurent Fairhead, Marie‐Alice Foujols, Lidia Mellul, Abdoul‐Khadre Traore, Jean‐Louis Dufresne, Olivier Boucher, Marie‐Pierre Lefebvre, Ehouarn Millour, Etienne Vignon, Jean Jouhaud, F. Bint Diallo, François Lott, Guillaume Gastineau, Arnaud Caubel, Yann Meurdesoif, and Josefine Ghattas
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Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Abstract This study presents the version of the LMDZ global atmospheric model used as the atmospheric component of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace coupled model (IPSL‐CM6A‐LR) to contribute to the 6th phase of the international Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). This LMDZ6A version includes original convective parameterizations that define the LMDZ “New Physics”: a mass flux parameterization of the organized structures of the convective boundary layer, the “thermal plume model,” and a parameterization of the cold pools created by reevaporation of convective rainfall. The vertical velocity associated with thermal plumes and gust fronts of cold pools are used to control the triggering and intensity of deep convection. Because of several shortcomings, the early version 5B of this New Physics was worse than the previous “Standard Physics” version 5A regarding several classical climate metrics. To overcome these deficiencies, version 6A includes new developments: a stochastic triggering of deep convection, a modification of the thermal plume model that allows the representation of stratocumulus and cumulus clouds in a unified framework, an improved parameterization of very stable boundary layers, and the modification of the gravity waves scheme targeting the quasi‐biennal oscillation in the stratosphere. These improvements to the physical content and a more well‐defined tuning strategy led to major improvements in the LMDZ6A version model climatology. Beyond the presentation of this particular model version and documentation of its climatology, the present paper underlines possible methodological pathways toward model improvement that can be shared across modeling groups.
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- 2020
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31. Presentation and Evaluation of the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR Climate Model
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Olivier Boucher, Jérôme Servonnat, Anna Lea Albright, Olivier Aumont, Yves Balkanski, Vladislav Bastrikov, Slimane Bekki, Rémy Bonnet, Sandrine Bony, Laurent Bopp, Pascale Braconnot, Patrick Brockmann, Patricia Cadule, Arnaud Caubel, Frederique Cheruy, Francis Codron, Anne Cozic, David Cugnet, Fabio D'Andrea, Paolo Davini, Casimir deLavergne, Sébastien Denvil, Julie Deshayes, Marion Devilliers, Agnes Ducharne, Jean‐Louis Dufresne, Eliott Dupont, Christian Éthé, Laurent Fairhead, Lola Falletti, Simona Flavoni, Marie‐Alice Foujols, Sébastien Gardoll, Guillaume Gastineau, Josefine Ghattas, Jean‐Yves Grandpeix, Bertrand Guenet, Lionel, E. Guez, Eric Guilyardi, Matthieu Guimberteau, Didier Hauglustaine, Frédéric Hourdin, Abderrahmane Idelkadi, Sylvie Joussaume, Masa Kageyama, Myriam Khodri, Gerhard Krinner, Nicolas Lebas, Guillaume Levavasseur, Claire Lévy, Laurent Li, François Lott, Thibaut Lurton, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Gurvan Madec, Jean‐Baptiste Madeleine, Fabienne Maignan, Marion Marchand, Olivier Marti, Lidia Mellul, Yann Meurdesoif, Juliette Mignot, Ionela Musat, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Peylin, Yann Planton, Jan Polcher, Catherine Rio, Nicolas Rochetin, Clément Rousset, Pierre Sepulchre, Adriana Sima, Didier Swingedouw, Rémi Thiéblemont, Abdoul Khadre Traore, Martin Vancoppenolle, Jessica Vial, Jérôme Vialard, Nicolas Viovy, and Nicolas Vuichard
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IPSL‐CM6A‐LR ,climate model ,climate metrics ,CMIP6 ,climate sensitivity ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Abstract This study presents the global climate model IPSL‐CM6A‐LR developed at Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and anthropogenic forcings as part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). This article describes the different model components, their coupling, and the simulated climate in comparison to previous model versions. We focus here on the representation of the physical climate along with the main characteristics of the global carbon cycle. The model's climatology, as assessed from a range of metrics (related in particular to radiation, temperature, precipitation, and wind), is strongly improved in comparison to previous model versions. Although they are reduced, a number of known biases and shortcomings (e.g., double Intertropical Convergence Zone [ITCZ], frequency of midlatitude wintertime blockings, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO] dynamics) persist. The equilibrium climate sensitivity and transient climate response have both increased from the previous climate model IPSL‐CM5A‐LR used in CMIP5. A large ensemble of more than 30 members for the historical period (1850–2018) and a smaller ensemble for a range of emissions scenarios (until 2100 and 2300) are also presented and discussed.
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- 2020
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32. Dealing with inequality in mobility: Tactics, strategies and projects for poor households on the outskirts of Paris
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Yves Jouffe, David Caubel, Sylvie Fol, and Benjamin Motte-Baumvol
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Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Many poor households cannot meet the requirements of automotive mobility. They suffer great inequalities in their daily mobility, especially when they live away from urban centers, in areas where the provision of public transport and local amenities are reduced. Nevertheless, a normative interpretation in terms of shortages, based on the observation of low mobility capacity, underestimates the concrete mobility practices of poor households, and secondly how these households bypass the injunction of mobility required of them. This set of alternative practices – be they tactics, strategies, and projects – can substitute expensive automotive mobility with a set of resources drawn fundamentally from spatial proximity. This article aims to analyze the diversity of these practices, their quantitative importance and nesting, for the case of Paris suburban and periurban areas. To conclude, it draws how the variety of adjustments exhibited by poor households could be taken into account by public action.keywords : daily mobility, poverty, spatial inequality, social inequality, stakeholder, territorial policies
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- 2019
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33. Facial nerve palsy including Bell's palsy: Case definitions and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data
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Rath, Barbara, Gidudu, Jane F., Anyoti, Helen, Bollweg, Brigid, Caubel, Patrick, Chen, Yeoung-Hwang, Cornblath, David, Fernandopulle, Rohini, Fries, Louis, Galama, Jochem, Gibbs, Neville, Grilli, Gualtiero, Grogan, Patrick, Hartmann, Katharina, Heininger, Ulrich, Hudson, Michael J., Izurieta, Hector s., Jevaji, Indira, Johnson, Wiltshire M., Jones, James, Keller-Stanislawski, Brigitte, Klein, Jerome, Kohl, Katrin, Kokotis, Panagiotis, Li, Yulin, Linder, Thomas, Oleske, James, Richard, Georgina, Shafshak, Tarek, Vajdy, Michael, Wong, Virginia, and Sejvar, James
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- 2017
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34. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pharmacovigilance Strategy, Systems, and Processes of Large, Medium, and Small Companies: An Industry Survey
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Paul Beninger, Patrick Caubel, Latika Sharma, Geo Pajovich, and Pete Boyd
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Pharmacology ,Pharmacovigilance ,Drug Industry ,Humans ,COVID-19 ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Pandemics - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented threat to global business relationships and dynamics. The pharmacovigilance function of pharmaceutical companies is particularly susceptible to changing external pressures because of its highly structured compliance activities. We conducted an industry-wide survey to provide insights on how the pharmacovigilance function responded to the challenges posed by the pandemic. We compared smaller companies and larger companies regarding impact on portfolios and operational activity metrics.We conducted a survey through the Navitas Life Science annual benchmark of pvnetSurvey questions were posed to LE (pvnet) network members (n = 12) and SME (pvconnect) network members (n = 18) for the period from January 1 through December 31, 2020. The date of data collection was March 26, 2021. Descriptive median values of parameter metrics included the following: revenue ($28.4 billion for LE companies and $1.6 billion for SME companies), number of products (127 for LE companies and 19 for SME companies), and volume of individual case safety reports (391,000 for LE companies and 13,000 for SME companies). SME companies reported a greater impact on 2 survey categories, remote working and employee well-being, than did LE companies. However, LE companies reported a greater impact than did SME companies on all other survey categories: effect on strategic priorities, shift in product focus, workload changes, changes in sourcing model, effect on case reporting compliance, effect on business continuity, changes in pharmacovigilance technology strategy, impact of interactions with health authorities, effect on resource capacity, and impact on recruitment.Four major themes emerge from this survey: (1) shift to remote working, (2) recognition of the impact on employee well-being, (3) shift in strategic priorities, and (4) newly recognized aspects of risk mitigation. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a marked effect on every aspect of pharmaceutical companies' pharmacovigilance functions, although the effects appear to be different for LE companies than for SME companies.
- Published
- 2022
35. Scalability on pre-exascale EuroHPC systems - Deliverable D1.3
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Dueben, Peter, Duras, Julia, Hatfield, Samuel, Bricaud, Clement, Caubel, Arnaud, Meurdesoif, Yann, Ly, Mouhamadou, Fladrich, Uwe, Castrillo, Miguel, and Budich, Reinhard
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ESiWACE2 ,Centre of Excellence in Simulation of Weather and Climate in Europe Phase 2 ,ESiWACE - Abstract
The central objectives of Work Package 1 of ESiWACE2 is to develop and run coupled model simulations at a resolution as high as possible and with a throughput rate of at least one simulated year per day (1 SYPD) producing full model output. This throughput would be sufficient to use these simulations for operational weather predictions and potentially also to run the models for a couple of decades, to address scientific questions that are related to climate change. Four model configurations are considered: EC-Earth with OpenIFS coupled to NEMO, the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) coupled to NEMO, the ICON model with both atmosphere and ocean, the DYNAMICO model coupled to NEMO, covering both weather and climate configurations as well as well-established models and models that are currently under development. Furthermore, ocean-only simulations with the NEMO models are also pushed to very high spatial resolution (1/36 ◦ ; ∼3 km). According to the initial plan, the main aim of this deliverable was to perform scalability tests on the pre-exascale EuroHPC systems. However, this was impossible as these machines are only just becoming available. The deliverable is therefore focusing on the ongoing work to make the models more efficient and to enable the porting of the codes to heterogeneous hardware. As the European pre-exascale machines were not available, some tests of the models on other European HPC systems and some of the world’s fastest supercomputers (Summit and Fugaku) are also documented. Furthermore, the work on the treatment of output from ensemble simulations using XIOS that was moved from Deliverable D1.1 is also documented here, showing the successful use of XIOS to generate ensemble model output straight from ensemble simulations., ESiWACE2 stands for Centre of Excellence in Simulation of Weather and Climate in Europe Phase 2. ESiWACE2 is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (H2020-INFRAEDI-2018-1 call) under grant agreement 823988.
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- 2023
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36. Tropical Cyclones in High-Resolution Global Climate Simulations with the IPSL Model
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Stella Bourdin, Sébastien Fromang, Arnaud Caubel, Josefine Ghattas, Yann Meurdesoif, and Thomas Dubos
- Abstract
The availability of a new icosahedral dynamical core (DYNAMICO) for the IPSL model was the opportunity to participate in the HighResMIP protocol. We present the results of four historical 1950-2015 atmosphere-only (forced SST) simulations at horizontal resolutions equal to 200, 100, 50, and 25 km. We compare them with two simulations that use the same configuration but were performed with the previous longitude-latitude dynamical core at 250 and 75km horizontal resolutions. We use these simulations to perform the first assessment of Tropical Cyclones (TC) in the IPSL model. This evaluation is done across four resolutions, gathering methodologies from recent literature (Roberts et al., 2020 a&b; Moon et al., 2020; Chavas et al., 2017; Camargo et al., 2020; Bourdin et al., 2022).We first show that the results obtained with DYNAMICO compare favorably with the previous dynamical core of the IPSL model.Then, we analyze how increasing horizontal resolution from 200km to 50km improves the TC climatology. Our results align with the current expectation that frequency and geographical distribution get closer to the observation but that the intensity is still significantly under-resolved.In the highest-resolution simulation TC activity in the North Atlantic basin is well represented in terms of geographical distribution and inter-annual variability. However, regional biases remain, especially in the Western North Pacific, where there is a significant deficit in TC number and a shift of activity towards the east of the basin. These regional biases are robust with resolution but are not associated with any obvious climatological bias in the simulations.Finally, we study composites, TC size, and life cycles to document the physics of the model's TCs. They show that the model simulates realistic TC structures with primary and secondary circulations, an eyewall, and a warm core. TC size diminishes with resolution and less so with intensity. We conclude that the IPSL model is able to simulate a realistic climatology of Tropical Cyclones at 25 km horizontal resolution, with maximum intensities limited by the current maximum resolution.
- Published
- 2023
37. Wood Heater Design Challenge Workshop Report
- Author
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Rebecca Trojanowski, J. Lindberg, T. Butcher, V. Rapp, J. Caubel, and J. Ackerly
- Published
- 2023
38. Delineating FOXG1 syndrome: From congenital microcephaly to hyperkinetic encephalopathy
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Vegas, Nancy, Cavallin, Mara, Maillard, Camille, Boddaert, Nathalie, Toulouse, Joseph, Schaefer, Elise, Lerman-Sagie, Tally, Lev, Dorit, Magalie, Barth, Moutton, Sébastien, Haan, Eric, Isidor, Bertrand, Heron, Delphine, Milh, Mathieu, Rondeau, Stéphane, Michot, Caroline, Valence, Stephanie, Wagner, Sabrina, Hully, Marie, Mignot, Cyril, Masurel, Alice, Datta, Alexandre, Odent, Sylvie, Nizon, Mathilde, Lazaro, Leila, Vincent, Marie, Cogné, Benjamin, Guerrot, Anne Marie, Arpin, Stéphanie, Pedespan, Jean Michel, Caubel, Isabelle, Pontier, Benedicte, Troude, Baptiste, Rivier, Francois, Philippe, Christophe, Bienvenu, Thierry, Spitz, Marie-Aude, Bery, Amandine, and Bahi-Buisson, Nadia
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- 2018
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39. CPMIP: measurements of real computational performance of Earth system models in CMIP6
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V. Balaji, E. Maisonnave, N. Zadeh, B. N. Lawrence, J. Biercamp, U. Fladrich, G. Aloisio, R. Benson, A. Caubel, J. Durachta, M.-A. Foujols, G. Lister, S. Mocavero, S. Underwood, and G. Wright
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
A climate model represents a multitude of processes on a variety of timescales and space scales: a canonical example of multi-physics multi-scale modeling. The underlying climate system is physically characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions, and natural stochastic variability, so very long integrations are needed to extract signals of climate change. Algorithms generally possess weak scaling and can be I/O and/or memory-bound. Such weak-scaling, I/O, and memory-bound multi-physics codes present particular challenges to computational performance. Traditional metrics of computational efficiency such as performance counters and scaling curves do not tell us enough about real sustained performance from climate models on different machines. They also do not provide a satisfactory basis for comparative information across models. codes present particular challenges to computational performance. We introduce a set of metrics that can be used for the study of computational performance of climate (and Earth system) models. These measures do not require specialized software or specific hardware counters, and should be accessible to anyone. They are independent of platform and underlying parallel programming models. We show how these metrics can be used to measure actually attained performance of Earth system models on different machines, and identify the most fruitful areas of research and development for performance engineering. codes present particular challenges to computational performance. We present results for these measures for a diverse suite of models from several modeling centers, and propose to use these measures as a basis for a CPMIP, a computational performance model intercomparison project (MIP).
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- 2017
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40. La scène flamenco de Basse-Andalousie à l’épreuve de la globalisation : mobilité, acteurs, performance
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Vivien Caubel
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Anthropology - Published
- 2022
41. A review of regulatory standard test methods for residential wood heaters and recommendations for their advancement
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Caubel, Julien, primary, Trojanowski, Rebecca, additional, Butcher, Thomas, additional, and Rapp, Vi, additional
- Published
- 2023
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42. Tropical Cyclones in High-Resolution Global Climate Simulations with the IPSL Model
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Bourdin, Stella, primary, Fromang, Sébastien, additional, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Ghattas, Josefine, additional, Meurdesoif, Yann, additional, and Dubos, Thomas, additional
- Published
- 2023
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43. Verifying mixing in dilution tunnels How to ensure cookstove emissions samples are unbiased
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Wilson, D, Wilson, D, Rapp, VH, Caubel, JJ, Chen, SS, Gadgil, AJ, Wilson, D, Wilson, D, Rapp, VH, Caubel, JJ, Chen, SS, and Gadgil, AJ
- Abstract
A well-mixed diluted sample is essential for unbiased measurement of cookstove emissions. Most cookstove testing labs employ a dilution tunnel, also referred to as a “duct,” to mix clean dilution air with cookstove emissions before sampling. It is important that the emissions be well-mixed and unbiased at the sampling port so that instruments can take representative samples of the emission plume. Some groups have employed mixing baffles to ensure the gaseous and aerosol emissions from cookstoves are well-mixed before reaching the sampling location [2, 4]. The goal of these baffles is to to dilute and mix the emissions stream with the room air entering the fume hood by creating a local zone of high turbulence. However, potential drawbacks of mixing baffles include increased flow resistance (larger blowers needed for the same exhaust flow), nuisance cleaning of baffles as soot collects, and, importantly, the potential for loss of PM2.5 particles on the baffles themselves, thus biasing results. A cookstove emission monitoring system with baffles will collect particles faster than the duct’s walls alone. This is mostly driven by the available surface area for deposition by processes of Brownian diffusion (through the boundary layer) and turbophoresis (i.e. impaction). The greater the surface area available for diffusive and advection-driven deposition to occur, the greater the particle loss will be at the sampling port. As a layer of larger particle “fuzz” builds on the mixing baffles, even greater PM2.5 loss could occur. The micro structure of the deposited aerosol will lead to increased rates of particle loss by interception and a tendency for smaller particles to deposit due to impaction on small features of the micro structure. If the flow stream could be well-mixed without the need for baffles, these drawbacks could be avoided and the cookstove emissions sampling system would be more robust.
- Published
- 2023
44. Using XIOS to manage ensemble simulations with the IPSL-ESM model
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Caubel, Arnaud and Meurdesoif, Yann
- Abstract
Ensemble simulations are used to better estimate the uncertainty of climate model results. The production of ensemble simulations with current IPSL model requires to run independently as many simulations as there are members in the ensemble, producing a very large number of inodes as a consequence of writing files for each member. In 2022, we have developed a functionality that allows several simulations to be carried out simultaneously, all simulation writing its results in a common single file. This new functionality has required developments in IPSL's XIOS IO server (in its version 2) in order to handle an additional "ensemble" dimension in the result file, as well as in OASIS coupler to provide MPI inter-communicators for all of the coupled members. The IPSL libIGCM runtime environment library was also adapted to manage efficiently the use of different types of files (forcing, parameters, restart, results) by several members within the same computing job. This job allows now "by itself" to simultaneously perform simulations of several members of an ensemble. The number of files resulting from these ensemble simulations matches (without any post-processing step) with criteria required by computing centers filesystems. Finally, the results of all the members of an ensemble are available in a single file, thus facilitating statistical processing and scientific analysis. This development is used in several IPSL scientific applications : the reconstruction of paleoclimate and historical periods by data assimilation methods and the simulation of extreme events (heat waves) in Western Europe.
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- 2023
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45. Nirmatrelvir–Ritonavir and Viral Load Rebound in Covid-19
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Annaliesa S, Anderson, Patrick, Caubel, and James M, Rusnak
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Drug Combinations ,Ritonavir ,Lactams ,Proline ,Leucine ,Recurrence ,Nitriles ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Viral Load ,Antiviral Agents ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment - Published
- 2022
46. Acceptabilité du questionnaire Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) pour repérer les consommations de substances psychoactives en pratique courante de psychiatrie
- Author
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Joséphine Caubel, Didier Touzeau, Stéphane Laudrin, Boris Lacarra, Thomas David, Alice Deschenau, and Camille Raoul Duval
- Subjects
03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Applied Psychology ,030227 psychiatry - Abstract
Resume Objectifs L’OMS a cree le questionnaire Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), valide en francais pour faciliter le depistage et l’orientation des patients souffrant de conduites addictives. Son usage en psychiatrie est valide, mais il reste peu connu en France. Pourtant, les troubles lies a l’usage de substance sont souvent associes aux troubles psychiatriques. Cette etude evalue son acceptabilite en soins courants psychiatriques. Materiel et methode Des professionnels de sante volontaires du groupement hospitalier de territoire (GHT) Psy Sud Paris ont fait passer les questionnaires a des patients suivis en psychiatrie. Ils ont aussi complete un autoquestionnaire a propos de l’usage de cet outil. Resultats Dix-sept professionnels ont ete recrutes et ont propose a 134 patients de passer le questionnaire. Parmi les patients, 104 ont repondu a toutes les questions (taux de participation de 78 %). Les retours des professionnels montrent que l’outil a ete bien accepte par les soignants et par les patients. Sa passation est simple. Quarante-sept pour cent des patients necessitaient une intervention breve concernant leurs consommations, realisable par un professionnel de sante non addictologue et 19 % necessitaient une prise en charge specialisee en addictologie. Il n’y avait pas de difference selon le sexe, le fait d’etre mineur ou majeur, d’etre en ambulatoire ou en hospitalisation. Conclusions L’outil ASSIST est bien accepte en psychiatrie par les professionnels et les patients, ce qui est en faveur d’une utilisation a grande echelle. Cette etude a debouche sur une formation des professionnels du GHT a l’evaluation des conduites addictives s’appuyant sur cet outil.
- Published
- 2022
47. Respiratory Variability of Pulmonary Velocity-Time Integral As a New Gauge of Fluid Responsiveness For Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the ICU*
- Author
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Gavaud, Ariane, Nguyen, Lee S., Caubel, Antoine, Grillet, Guillaume, Donal, Erwan, and Belliard, Guillaume
- Published
- 2019
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48. The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science: lessons from CMIP6.
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Acosta, Mario C., Palomas, Sergi, Paronuzzi, Stella, Andre, Jean-Claude, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonniere, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, Epicoco, Italo, Fladrich, Uwe, Gupta, Alok Kumar, Lawrence, Bryan, Le Sager, Philippe, Lister, Grenville, Moine, Marie-Pierre, Rioual, Jean-Christophe, Sylvie, Joussame, and Valcke, Sophie
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,ENERGY industries ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,STORAGE ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is one of the biggest international efforts to better understand past, present and future climate changes in a multi-model context. A total of 21 Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) were endorsed in its 6th phase (CMIP6), which included 190 different experiments that were used to simulate 40000 years and produced around 40 PB of data in total. This paper shows the main results obtained from the collection of performance metrics done for CMIP6 (CPMIP). The document provides the list of partners involved, the CPMIP metrics per institution/model, and the approach used for the collection and the coordination behind this process. Furthermore, a section has been included to analyze the results and prove the usefulness of the metrics for the community. Moreover, we describe the main difficulties faced during the collection and propose recommendations for future exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Broadening the scope for ecoclimatic indicators to assess crop climate suitability according to ecophysiological, technical and quality criteria
- Author
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Caubel, Julie, García de Cortázar-Atauri, Iñaki, Launay, Marie, de Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie, Huard, Frédéric, Bertuzzi, Patrick, and Graux, Anne-Isabelle
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Dynamics and cloud properties of Arctic cyclones as simulated with the new limited-area configuration of the DYNAMICO-LMDZ model
- Author
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Raillard, L., Vignon, É., Rivière, G., Madeleine, J., Meurdesoif, Y., Caubel, A., Wimmer, M., Fromang, S., Delanoë, J., and Jourdan, O.
- Abstract
Extra-tropical cyclones transiting into the Arctic are of great importance for the heat and moisture budgets of the polar atmosphere and strongly modulate the sea ice variability. Arctic cyclones are also systems that lead to the formation of clouds, and in particular mixed-phase clouds, whose amount of supercooled liquid water strongly determine the radiative effect thereof. Correctly representing those clouds in atmospheric models is crucial to properly simulate precipitationsand the surface energy budget in a region warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe.In August 2022, the Rali-Thinice campaign took place in Svalbard and aimed to characterize the dynamical and microphysical structure of Arctic cyclones. A research aircraft equipped with measurement systems such as two radars, a lidar and microphysical probes flew over the Arctic Ocean sampling several cases of summer cyclones. The data acquired during this campaign are extremely valuable to carry out an in-depth evaluation of the ability of atmospheric models to simulate Arctic cyclones and their associated clouds.LMDZ is the global atmospheric component of the IPSL-CM Earth System Model, actively and historically involved in the CMIP exercises. The new DYNAMICO-LMDZ configuration which consists of the physics of LMDZ coupled to the recent icosahedral dynamical core DYNAMICO is run in a new regional configuration on a domain surrounding the Svalbard archipelago. The representation of the dynamics and thermodynamics of cyclones as well as cloud properties is assessed using the set of measurements acquiredduringRali-Thinice campaign complemented with surface station data and radiosondes., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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