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11. Monitoring of underwater animal forests: geometry and biometry

Author

Rossi, Paolo, Castagnetti, Cristina, Cattini, Stefano, Di Loro, Giorgio, Grassi, Francesca, Parente, Luigi, Righi, Sara, Rovati, Luigi, Simonini, Roberto, and Capra, Alessandro

Subjects
Deformation monitoring, Photogrammetry, High resolution, UW animal forest, Remotely operating vehicle (ROV), Fluorescence
Abstract

The development and testing of innovative technologies and automated data analysis methodologies offer tools for investigations in numerous scenarios including the monitoring of complex marine ecosystems and the direct and indirect effects of climate change on natural heritage. In the underwater environment, the creation of products with accurate metric and colorimetric content is a scientific and technological challenge, that can offer tools for new investigations including the monitoring of ecosystems and the study of biodiversity. The research group developed a technological solution consisting of a remotely operating platform and a measuring system that includes RGB and fluorescence optical sensors for the 3D reconstruction of the underwater environment and the study of the health-state of investigated species. The proposed solution aspires to high-accuracy multiscale reconstruction of underwater animal forests with a special focus on metric content. Methodologies and technical solutions for the management and calibration of the system have been developed: the design of proper calibration frames and the fluorescence sensor, the choice of a proper illumination system, the implementation of the system on a customizable Remotely Operating Vehicle, the integration of the different sensors, the combination of metric and colorimetric results for monitoring the occurred deformations and the health status. The results of laboratory activities and preliminary tests on field tests are discussed. more...

Published
2022
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16. UV-LEDs for monitoring dialysis adequacy

Author

Rovati, Luigi and Cattini, Stefano

Subjects
Semiconductor device, Light-emitting diodes -- Evaluation, Ultraviolet radiation -- Usage
Published
2009

23. A Method for Estimating Object Detection Probability, Lateral Resolution, and Errors in 3-D LiDARs

Author

Cattini, Stefano, Cassanelli, Davide, Ferrari, Luca, and Rovati, Luigi

Abstract

The 3-D light detection and rangings (LiDARs) are nowadays used for many applications, the success of which certainly depends on the processing of the LiDAR output—the point cloud (PC)—but it also inexorably depends on the quality of the PC data. In this study, we propose an experimental method aimed at allowing estimating the errors and deformations that will statistically affect the LiDAR output—the PC. Taking advantage of the fact that LiDARs sample the surrounding space by observing it along divergent lines, hereinafter referred to as rays, this study proposes a simple method based on the experimental determination of the ray detection probability—the probability that a single ray detects the hit object, or a fraction of it, by adding a point in the PC. All other probabilities of interest are derived from such a probability. The proposed method also allows highlighting unexpected errors, such as crosstalk. As will be shown by the examples given, due to crosstalk, small objects may be deformed and enlarged on a significantly greater number of points in the PC. Likewise, objects angularly separated by an angle greater than the angular resolution declared by the manufacturer may unexpectedly result in a continuum of points. Such errors may compromise the ability to perform very important tasks, such as detection, classification, and tracking of dynamic and static objects, as well as the partition of the scene into drivable and non-drivable regions and the path planning around generic obstacles in 3-D space. more...

Published
2023
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38. A Measuring Instrument for In-Line and Real-Time Measurement of Blood-pCO2 in Extracorporeal-Circulation.

Author

Cattini, Stefano, Truzzi, Stefano, Accorsi, Luca, and Rovati, Luigi

Subjects
*MEASURING instruments, *BLOOD circulation, *MEASUREMENT errors, *HEMODILUTION, *BLOOD gases, *PATIENT safety
Abstract

Since the late 1950s, blood pCO2 can be measured by using electrodes and, more recently, also by using point-of-care instruments such as blood gas and chemistry analyzers. Nevertheless, nowadays no measurement method has succeeded in providing an economic, reliable, and accurate estimate of the blood- pCO2 to be routinely used for the monitoring of extracorporeal (blood) circulation (ECC) treatments. Indeed, blood is a very complex biological matrix composed of several different constituents, thus apart from a limited maximum-admitted measurement error (about some mmHg) and a quite wide measuring interval (about [20, 100] mmHg), the measuring systems have to provide significant selectivity taking hemocompatibility and safety for the patient as a primary concern. In this article, we propose and demonstrate a measuring instrument consisting of a low-cost and disposable fluorescent pco-sensor that can be inserted in series with the bloodline, and a nondisposable optical head that contactless reads the sensor. The proposed measuring system is intrinsically safe for the patient, has adequate metrological performance, avoids blood sampling and the related issues, and may allow to comply with cost requirements. Preliminary tests, conducted simulating a 6-h ECC treatment by using bovine blood, revealed deviations from the reference measuring instrument of less than ±4 mmHg, while the blood- pCO2 was varied in the range [20, 100] mmHg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2021
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