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The objective of this study is to provide a reliable roadmap for temporal branch of the facial nerve, in order to minimize, the risk of injury to the nerve during surgical dissections. A literature search was conducted on temporal branch of facial nerve. The date search range was 1950 to 2017. Databases searched included Medline, Web of science, Biosis, SciELO, Data Citation, and Zoologic Records. Data were collected on, author specialty, date of publication, and the relationship of the temporal branch of facial nerve to various landmarks in the frontotemporal region reported in human anatomic studies. Among the 48 studies reviewed, a total of 3477 anatomic dissections were performed in the craniofacial region. Temporal branch of facial nerve was located between 2.5 and 3 cm from lateral orbital rim. In relation to the zygomatic arch, it was found anywhere from the midpoint of the arch to 1 finger breath posterior to the arch. For the plane, it was most commonly described as being under the superficial temporal fascia (STF) or within the loose areolar tissue. Most anatomic dissections found 2 to 4 twigs of the temporal branch of facial nerve. In relation to the lateral canthus, it was found to be 2.85 +/- 0.69 cm superior and 2.54 +/- 0.43 cm lateral to the lateral canthus. Our study suggests consolidated data on surgical landmarks in order to ensure safe dissection in temporal region and prevent injury to the temporal branch of facial nerve.

This study investigated patterns in the development of computational thinking practices in the context of the Exploring Computer Science (ECS) program, a high school introductory CS course and professional development program designed to foster deep engagement through equitable inquiry around CS concepts. Past research indicates that the personal relevance of the ECS experience influences students' expectancy-value towards computer science. Expectancy-value is a construct that is predictive of career choices. We extended our research to examine whether expectancy-value influences the development of computational thinking practices. This study took place in the context of two ECS implementation projects across two states. Twenty teachers, who implemented ECS in 2016-17, participated in the research. There were 906 students who completed beginning and end of year surveys and assessments. The surveys included demographic questions, a validated expectancy-value scale, and questions about students' course experiences. The assessments were developed and validated by SRI International as a companion to the ECS course. Overall, student performance statistically increased from pretest to posttest with effect size of 0.74. There were no statistically significant differences in performance by gender or race/ethnicity. These results are consistent with earlier findings that a personally relevant course experience positively influences students' expectancy for success. These results expanded on prior research by indicating that students' expectancy-value for computer science positively influenced student learning.

Burns to the hands can be devastating injuries and early debridement and coverage can prevent these chronic problems. Reconstructive options for these defects include skin grafts; local, regional, and distant flaps; and free flaps. In this series, they set out to demonstrate the versatility, durability, and effectiveness of dorsal metacarpal artery (DMCA) flaps for primary soft tissue coverage. This study involves a review of all consecutive patients who underwent acute soft tissue coverage using DMCA flaps at their institution from December 2014 to December 2017. Four patients were identified, two underwent reverse DMCA flaps, and two others underwent first DMCA flaps. Three patients were males and one female whose age ranged from 33 to 74 (mean 48 years old). Follow-up ranged from 6 to 43 days. One of the four flaps had de-epithelialization of the distal flap with loss of the most distal tip left to heal by secondary intention. The remainder of the flaps survived without incident, and a full thickness skin graft had 100% take onto the index finger donor site. At the final follow-up, all flaps had healed completely and patients had return of almost complete active range of motion. Flaps based on the DMCA have been proven to be versatile and reliable methods for primary hand burn reconstruction.

The Oiseau-Lyre Wind Trios, a collection of seven works for oboe, clarinet, and bassoon by French composers of the early 20th century (among them Jacques Ibert, Darius Milhaud, and Georges Auric), form a substantial part of the performance repertoire of any reed trio. To date, the study and presentation of these pieces has been complicated by inconsistencies in the published parts and the inexistence of general scores for the works. In addition, a collection of historical recordings of the trios released by Oiseau-Lyre as an accompanying reference to the published parts have largely been forgotten. Archival research presented in this thesis establishes the Oiseau-Lyre Wind Trios as representative of an explosion of composition for the three reed instruments during the 1930s, inspired by the popularity of the Trio d’anches de Paris, an ensemble founded by Fernand Oubradous in 1927. Four works from the Oiseau-Lyre collection are examined here: J. Ibert, Cinq pièces en trio; H. Barraud, Trio pour hautbois, clarinette e basson; G. Auric, Trio pour hautbois, clarinette e basson; and D. Milhaud, Suite d’après Corrette. Content analysis of the published instrumental parts details interpretive challenges, in particular those challenges which arise from inconsistencies and ambiguities in the printed parts. Further, this document examines the recorded performances of these works by the Trio d’anches de Paris which once accompanied the publications and addresses issues of periodrelated sound and interpretation as well as presenting performance solutions practiced by the original ensemble. In conclusion, this thesis presents a methodology for using the historic recordings as a reference for editing the instrumental parts of the Oiseau-Lyre Wind Trios and constructing a requisite set of corresponding full scores; OS TRIOS DE SOPRO DE OISEAU-LYRE: UM ESTUDO CRITICA DE INTERPRETAÇÃO DOCUMENTADO EM GRAVAÇÃO RESUMO: Os trios de sopro de Oiseau-Lyre, uma colecção de sete obras para oboé, clarinete e fagote por compositores franceses do início do século XX (entre eles Jacques Ibert, Darius Milhaud e Georges Auric), constituem uma parte substancial do repertório de música de câmara para trio de palhetas. Até à data, o estudo e a apresentação destas peças tem sido dificultada por inconsistências nas partes publicadas e pela inexistência de partituras gerais para as obras. Além disso, uma colecção de gravações históricas dos trios lançada pelo Oiseau-Lyre para servir como referência às peças, foi em grande parte esquecida. A pesquisa de arquivo apresentada nesta tese estabelece os trios de sopro de Oiseau-Lyre como representante de uma explosão de composição para os três instrumentos de palheta durante a década de 1930, inspirada pela popularidade do Trio d'anches de Paris, um ensemble fundado por Fernand Oubradous em 1927. Quatro obras da colecção Oiseau-Lyre são examinadas neste documento: J. Ibert, Cinq pièces en trio; H. Barraud, Trio pour hautbois, clarinette e basson; G. Auric, Trio pour hautbois, clarinette e basson; e D. Milhaud, Suíte d'après Corrette. A análise do conteúdo das partes instrumentais publicadas especifica desafios interpretativos, em especial aqueles que surgem de inconsistências e ambiguidades nas partes impressas. Além disso, este documento analisa as gravações feitas pelo Trio d'anches de Paris, que anteriormente acompanharam as publicações e aborda questões de som e estilo do período, bem como apresenta soluções de interpretação adoptadas pelo ensemble original. Em conclusão, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para usar as gravações históricas como referência para a edição das partes instrumentais dos trios de sopro de Oiseau- Lyre e para a construção de partituras gerais correspondentes.

The epidermis of the land planarian Arthioposthia triangulatawas examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Thisinvestigation revealed that the flatworm was covered entirely withcilia and was especially densely populated on the ventral surface.In all regions the epidermis consisted of a one-layered columnarepithelium resting on a prominent basement membrane, but lacking aterminal web. Various secretions were found in the epidermistogether with epidermal rhabdoids. Below the basement membraneother secretory material was visible and this included thecytoplasmic lamellated granules and adenal rhabdites. The basementmembrane consisted of fibrils with a beaded appearance and thesewere arranged parallel to the epidermal layer but did not displaycross-banding. The secretory cells above and below the basementmembrane were compared and their products characterized on thebasis of shape, size and location. Their possible function isdiscussed.