Search

According to the Leadership Efficacy Model, leadership efficacy depends on leaders’ tendency to make linear relationships between leadership philosophy, practice, and criteria (i.e., congruence of leadership cycles). Moreover, efficacy increases if coaches make these linear relationships by using the optimal leadership profile and by considering the antecedent factors of leadership (characteristics of the leader, team members, and organizational conditions; i.e., favorability of conditions for leadership). This study compared the perceptions of athletes and their coaches regarding leadership cycles, and tested the moderator role of optimal leadership profile and leadership favorability in the relationship between leadership cycles and leadership efficacy. This study included 92 football athletes (ages less than 17 and 19 years) and respective coaches (n = 5). The evaluation protocol included measures of leadership cycles, leadership styles, leadership favorability, and sport performance perception. Athletes and coaches agreed on coaches’ need to increase their practice and criteria, but athletes also considered that coaches should better clarify their philosophy. Regression analyses confirmed that leadership congruency predicts higher perceptions of team performance in athletes. Moreover, optimal leadership profile and higher leadership favorability were associated with higher team and individual performance. However, these two factors did not moderate the relationship between leadership congruency and efficacy.

Abstract. This study provides initial insights on the relation between psychopathic traits (disinhibition, meanness, and boldness) and academic fraud (prevalence and severity), while considering important mediators of fraud (perceived capability, opportunity, motivation, and rationalization). Based on a large sample of university students ( N = 967), two structural equation models (test and replication) were built to test the study’s main hypothesis and probe the robustness of the results. A direct link from disinhibition to prevalence was found, suggesting that disinhibition is associated with social deviance in the academic context. Higher motivation for cheating exclusively mediated this path. In meanness, rationalization explained lower rates of perceived severity of academic fraud, indicating that cognitive self-justifications trigger dishonest behavior in meanness. Boldness explained the prevalence of academic fraud via perceived capability, suggesting that low-fear, although adaptive in evaluation contexts, may increase the perceived capability for cheating. The reported significant associations support that academic fraud is part of the nomological network of psychopathy and unveil the complexity of the phenomenon.

Telework has progressively increased in the past decades, providing organizations and, consequently, leaders, with new challenges. The COVID19 pandemic not on-ly doubled the number of teleworkers, but reinforced these challenges, by forcing some organizations and employees to abruptly adapt to this new reality. In this manuscript, we aimed to explore the role of the strategies implemented by leaders to manage their teams in employees’ sense of professional isolation, burnout, and perceived performance. Thus, data was collected from 1149 teleworkers during the COVID19 pandemic, who answered an online questionnaire. At that time, 79% were working exclusively from home, and 91% had never had a previous experi-ence of working remotely. The results showed that the strategies implemented by leaders to manage their teams contributed to reduce employees’ sense of profes-sional isolation which, in turn, is associated with lower feelings of burnout and higher perceptions of performance. The study reinforced the role of leadership in the context of teleworking and, specifically, the importance of leaders being atten-tive to team members’ specific needs in order to help improving their wellbeing., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Ref.: Ref.: UIDB/04872/2020); and by the Research Center for Human Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa

O contexto empresarial das startups é uma temática pouco explorada na literatura académica. No entanto, as características destas organizações levantam questões sobre como são percecionados determinados conceitos teóricos, tais como a cultura organizacional. A cultura organizacional representa a base sobre a qual se constrói a estrutura das organizações, sendo determinante para definir as características do trabalho presentes num dado contexto. Com base no modelo teórico dos valores concorrentes, este artigo explorou as perceções de trabalhadores de startups relativamente ao tipo de cultura organizacional presente na sua empresa e como os diferentes tipos de cultura se relacionou com a perceção de autonomia e excesso de trabalho dos respondentes. Para tal, foi aplicado um questionário a uma amostra de 292 trabalhadores de startups. Os dados foram analisados recorrendo a modelos de regressão múltipla e ANOVAs para medidas repetidas e demonstraram que a cultura empreendedora é a mais saliente em contexto de startups, diferenciando-se significativamente dos restantes tipos de cultura presentes no modelo. Além disso, as culturas empreendedora e de equipa predizem positivamente a autonomia no trabalho, enquanto a cultura burocrática prediz negativamente a autonomia, mas não é preditora do excesso de trabalho. Os resultados apontam para a importância de promover equipas mais autónomas em startups, dando mais liberdade aos trabalhadores na tomada de decisão sobre as suas tarefas. Mais especificamente, os resultados apontam para a importância destas empresas desenvolverem e manterem um tipo de cultura que influencie positivamente a relação dos trabalhadores com o seu trabalho., The business context of startups is a subject little explored in the academic literature. However, the characteristics of these organizations raise questions about how certain theoretical concepts, such as organizational culture, are perceived. Organizational culture represents the basis on which the structure of organizations is built, being decisive to define the characteristics of work present in a given context. Based on the theoretical model of competing values, this article explored the perceptions of startup workers regarding the type of organizational culture present in their company and how the different types of culture related to the respondents’ perception of autonomy and overwork. To this end, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 292 workers from startups. The data were analyzed using multiple regression models and ANOVAs for repeated measures and showed that the entrepreneurial culture is the most salient in the context of startups, significantly different from the other types of culture present in the model. Furthermore, entrepreneurial and team cultures positively predict autonomy at work, while bureaucratic culture negatively predicts autonomy but is not a predictor of overwork. The results point to the importance of promoting more autonomous teams in startups, giving workers more freedom in making decisions about their tasks. More specifically, the results point to the importance of these companies developing and maintaining a type of culture that positively influences the relationship between workers and their work.

Introdução: A Atenção Primaria à Saúde (APS) é considerada o principal elemento para o adequado desempenho dos sistemas de saúde, possibilitando a oferta de um serviço mais acessível. Sendo assim, as Internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP) é um indicador útil para avaliar efetividade da APS. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico das internações por condições sensíveis em Estância, Sergipe, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de caráter ecológico de série temporal, com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), utilizando as autorizações de internações hospitalares como fonte de dados, no período de 2015 a 2019, no município de Estância-Se. Os dados foram analisados por sexo e idade, estratificada em duas faixas etárias: menor de 1 anos a 80 anos ou mais. Os dados foram tabulados no programa Microsoft® Excel® 2019. As variáveis categóricas estão sendo apresentadas em número absoluto e porcentagem. As variáveis numéricas serão apresentadas em média e erro padrão. Resultado e discussão: No período de 2015 a 2019 ocorreram 2.540 internações no município de Estância-SE, cuja população de 69.556 habitantes, perfazendo uma taxa mediana de (36,51%) internações por 10.000 habitantes. As ICSAP diminuíram entre os adolescentes nas faixas de 10 a 14 anos 45 (0,45%) e 15 a 19 anos 36 (0,36%) e aumentaram na faixa pediátrica de 0 a 5 anos 69 (0,69%). As maiores taxas foram observadas entre os idosos faixa etária 60 a mais de 80 com 1.285 (12,85%) e nos adultos na faixa etária de 30 a 50 anos 761 (7,61%). E o sexo mais acometido pelos agravos foi o feminino, subsequente o masculino, com maior prevalência dos principais grupos de causas o diabetes mellitus, a infecção da pele e tecido subcutâneo seguida de insuficiência cardíaca. Conclusão: Por meio da análise do indicador ICSAP, que avalia a qualidade da assistência e a efetividade dos cuidados prestados na atenção primária, os resultados desta pesquisa evidenciaram altas nas taxas de internações em idosos, independentemente do sexo e das faixas etárias estabelecidas no estudo. Portanto, é necessário que os profissionais da atenção primária estejam aptos para contribuir ainda mais no desenvolvimento de ações de vigilância epidemiológica e orientação para promoção à saúde e prevenção de doenças, bem como na cooperação entre profissionais, gestores e a comunidade.

This study analyzes coach-athletes’ communication using the Communication Behaviors Evaluation System (CBES). This system provides a broad and complete perspective regarding the interactions between coaches and athletes by including data from coaches, athletes and from an observer. The CBES was used to monitor the communication between coaches and athletes from four different teams, during one game (observation). Athletes and coaches evaluated their communication behaviors using the Communication Behaviors Questionnaire (CBQ). The study included sixty-four futsal male athletes aged between 13 and 43 years-old (M = 18.98, SD = 7.05) and their coaches, all male and aged between 29 and 43 years-old (M = 35.75, SD = 5.26). Results revealed six important aspects: (1) the CBQ assumed a two-factor structure of positive and negative behaviors but one item has deleted; (2) coaches assumed positive behaviors more frequently than negative behaviors; (3) positive spontaneous behaviors were slightly more frequent than positive reactive behaviors; (4) coaches perceived themselves as displaying more negative reactive behaviors than negative spontaneous behaviors; (5) positive feedback and encouragement after failure were the most frequent positive behaviors; and (6) negative feedback was the most frequent negative behavior. In sum, CBES assumed to be a useful tool to evaluate coaches-athletes’ communication., Este estudo analisa a comunicação entre treinadores e atletas, utilizando o Sistema de Avaliação de Comportamentos de Comunicação (SACC). Este sistema proporciona uma perspetiva ampla das interações entre treinadores e atletas, considerando a perspetiva de ambos e de observadores. Os comportamentos foram avaliados através do Questionário de Comportamentos Comunicacionais (QCC), versão para treinador, atletas e observador. O estudo incluiu 64 atletas de futsal masculino, com idades entre 13 e 43 anos (M= 18.98, DP= 7.05) e os seus treinadores, do sexo masculino, com idades entre 29 e 43 anos (M= 35.75, DP= 5.26). Os resultados revelaram seis aspetos: (1) o CBQ assumiu uma estrutura de dois fatores (comportamentos positivos e negativos), mas um item foi suprimido; (2) os treinadores assumiram comportamentos positivos com mais frequência do que comportamentos negativos; (3) os comportamentos espontâneos positivos foram ligeiramente mais frequentes do que os comportamentos reativos positivos; (4) os treinadores avaliaram-se como apresentando mais comportamentos reativos negativos do que comportamentos espontâneos negativos; (5) feedback positivo e incentivo após insucesso foram os comportamentos positivos mais frequentes; (6) feedback negativo foi o comportamento negativo mais frequente. O SACCassumiu-se como uma ferramenta útil para avaliar a comunicação entre treinadores e atletas., This study was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), School of Psychology, University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (UID/PSI/01662/2019), through the national funds (PIDDAC)

Resumo Objetivos: Esclarecer o papel da metformina na prevenção da diabetes gestacional (DG) na grávida obesa não diabética. Fontes de dados: Bases de dados The Cochrane Library, Canadian Medical Association Infobase, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, NICE Guidelines Finder, National Guideline Clearinghouse, BMJ Clinical Evidence, PubMed e Índex de Revistas Médicas Portuguesas. Métodos: Em junho de 2020 foram pesquisadas meta-análises, revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados e diretrizes clínicas publicados entre maio de 2010 e maio de 2020, nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Foram utilizados os termos MeSH Pregnancy, Obesity, Metformin, Diabetes Gestational e os termos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde “Gravidez”, “Obesidade”, “Metformina”, “Diabetes gestacional”. Para atribuição dos níveis de evidência e força de recomendação utilizou-se a escala Strength Of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT), da American Family Physician. Resultados: Foram encontrados 152 artigos, dos quais três cumpriam os critérios de inclusão e foram selecionados. A revisão da Cochrane de 2018, baseada em três ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e randomizados (ECAC), com um total de 1.099 grávidas, não encontrou diferenças significativas na taxa de DG nos grupos metformina vs. placebo (nível de evidência 1). A meta-análise de Chatzakis et al., que avaliou quatro ECAC, incluindo 624 mulheres, concluiu que a metformina não diminui o risco de desenvolver DG (nível de evidência 1). O ECAC de Sales et al. incluiu 164 grávidas (82 metformina vs 82 controlo) e concluiu que o uso de metformina não é eficaz na prevenção de DG (nível de evidência 2). Conclusão: Não há evidência disponível para recomendar o uso de metformina na prevenção da DG em mulheres grávidas obesas (força de recomendação A).

PurposeWorkplace incivility is a common deviant behavior happening in organizational contexts, and it can have serious negative consequences such as decreasing employees’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and increasing their turnover intentions. This study aims to test the argument that emotional exhaustion and acceptability of workplace incivility can act as mediators in this relationship between incivility and OCB and turnover intentions. Moreover, the assumption that employees’ political skill can act as a buffer on job strain caused by incivility displayed by both coworkers and supervisors was tested.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 703 South Korean employees recruited online completed a self-assessment on their political skill first and then they were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions: either recalled a co-worker or a supervisor who had previously displayed uncivil behaviors toward them.FindingsThe stronger the employees’ experience of incivility, the lower their OCB-O and the higher their turnover intentions. These relationships were mediated by acceptability of incivility and emotional exhaustions. Interestingly, results also supported the moderating role of political skill on the relationship between incivility and turnover intentions mediated by acceptability, with higher politically skilled employees being more likely to accept incivility when compared to lower politically skilled employees.Originality/valueUsing a between-subjects design, the findings expand the current knowledge regarding the negative impacts of workplace incivility. Specifically, they showed that acceptability is an important mechanism to understand the impact of workplace incivility on OCB and turnover intention.

Objective: Analyze if different patterns of occupational stress experienced by students (lower versus higher) and different cognitive appraisal profiles assumed by students (positive evaluation of academic activity versus negative evaluation of academic activity) affect their experience of burnout over time. Background: The interactive and transactional perspective of adaptation to stress was adopted to analyze how university students evaluate their activity and related academic stress, and how they feel in terms of burnout. Method: Longitudinal study design, with three moments of data collection, with a sample of 175 psychology students, from a Portuguese university. The investigation protocol included the Stress Questionnaire for Students, the Primary and Secondary Cognitive Appraisal Scale, and the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Scale. Results: The results showed that students who experienced higher levels of stress and a negative evaluation of their academic activity also reported higher levels of burnout when compared to students who experienced lower levels of stress and positive evaluation of academic activity. Moreover, a pattern of high stress in M1 increases in 443% the probability to experience moderate to high burnout in M2. A profile of negative evaluation of the academic activity in M1 increases in 594% the probability to experience high burnout in M2. Students exposed to high levels of burnout at M2 are over nine times more likely to experience moderate levels of burnout at M3, and over 300 times more likely to experience high levels of burnout at M3. Conclusion: Students who experience higher academic stress and those who evaluate their academic activity more negatively have a higher tendency to experience burnout. Although, the experience of burnout in a specific data point is the main predictor of experiencing burnout in a later moment, highlighting the chronic effects of this syndrome on human wellbeing. Application: This study provides specific indications of how much stress and cognitive appraisal can affect burnout, alerting also for the chronic nature of burnout feelings, which must be considered in safety and occupational health interventions., This study was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi/UM) School of Psychology, University of Minho, supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the Portuguese State Budget (UIDB/01662/2020).

Funding Information This study was supported by Project BIOSAFE funded by FEDER through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade–COMPETE and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)—Grant LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-030713, PTDC/CAL-EST/30713/2017 and by FCT through funds to GHTM (UID/04413/2020), CIISA Project (UID/CVT/00276/2020), and Project PTDC/CVT-CVT/28469/2017. The contributions of Andrea T. Feßler and Stefan Schwarz were financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under project numbers 01KI1727D and 01KI2009D as part of the Research Network Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. Part of this research was supported by Cost Action CA18217: European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT). Apramycin and florfenicol are two antimicrobial agents exclusively used in veterinary medicine. Resistance determinants to these antimicrobial agents have been described in several staphylococci, yet no inhibition zone-based epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values are available to detect populations harboring resistance mechanisms. In this study, we propose disk diffusion inhibition zone ECOFF values of Staphylococcus aureus for apramycin and florfenicol. The susceptibility to apramycin and florfenicol was evaluated by disk diffusion of five S. aureus collections, comprising 352 isolates of animal (n = 265) and human (n = 87) origin. The aggregated distributions of inhibition zone diameters were analyzed by the normalized resistance interpretation method to obtain normalized wild-type (WT) population distributions and corresponding ECOFF values. The putative WT populations of S. aureus were characterized by an inhibition zone ≥15 mm (ECOFF = 15 mm) for apramycin and ≥21 mm for florfenicol (ECOFF = 21 mm). Five nonwild-type (NWT) isolates were detected for apramycin, all without inhibition zone and harboring the apmA gene, whereas five NWT isolates were identified for florfenicol, all carrying the fexA gene. The proposed ECOFF values for apramycin and florfenicol may be a valuable tool in future antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance studies to identify S. aureus NWT populations toward these antimicrobial agents. publishersversion published

Purpose This study aims to explore whether the COVID-19-related circumstances hindered these academic-related variables. Design Methodology Approach The authors surveyed two groups of undergraduate business students (42% male) who completed the questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the semester. One group of students attended only face-to-face classes in the 2018/2019 academic year (n = 126) and the other group transitioned to online classes because of the COVID-19 outbreak in the 2019/2020 academic year (n = 99). Findings The findings show no statistically significant group differences between the pre- and post-test in students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, feelings of attachment to the university and engagement dimensions of absorption and vigour. Nevertheless, a moderate negative effect was found in the dedication engagement dimension. Practical Implications The authors discuss the main results in terms of some practices that may contribute towards attenuating the effects of future emerging pandemics in the higher education setting. Originality Value The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a rapid transition to online instruction in education institutions worldwide. However, it remains unclear to date how students’ engagement, motivation and attachment to the university were negatively affected by the first COVID-19 outbreak.

Apramycin and florfenicol are two antimicrobial agents exclusively used in veterinary medicine. Resistance determinants to these antimicrobial agents have been described in several staphylococci, yet no inhibition zone-based epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values are available to detect populations harboring resistance mechanisms. In this study, we propose disk diffusion inhibition zone ECOFF values of

The use of electronic media (EM) by youths has been widely described in the literature, indicating the relevance of understanding the factors that can protect against its risks. We aimed to explore the protective role of participating in extracurricular activities (ECAs) and of parental mediation in the use of EM by young people. A total of 1413 people (729 students, aged between 11 and 17 years old, and one of their parents) participated in this study. Youths who engaged in ECAs spent significantly less time per week on EM and perceived that the use of EM devices had less of a negative impact. When parents and their children presented a congruent notion of how much time youth spent on EM, parents perceived EM to have less of a negative impact on their children compared to dyads with discrepant assessments. The hierarchical regression results indicated that regardless of time spent per week on EM, engaging in ECAs was a significant predictor of perceiving a less negative impact, playing a role as a protective factor regarding the use of EM. The ubiquity of EM reinforces the importance of the focus of this study, and its results contribute to creating specific guidelines for parental education and educational policies.

Academic fraud encompasses a number of different dishonest behaviors, such as cheating on exams, plagiarizing essays or using ghost writers, to name some. Regarding fraudulent academic behavior, little is known on the relationship between students’ perceptions of the severity of such behavior and its prevalence, and whether fraud diamond theory can serve as a framework to explain this phenomenon as it has for other criminal behaviors. We surveyed 1,032 university students and found that the more students reported engaging in academic fraudulent behavior, the less severe they perceived those behaviors to be. The results also showed that motivation, rationalization and capability are important factors in predicting students’ prevalence of academic fraudulent behavior but, and as expected, only rationalization emerged as a predictor of perceived severity, showing that the more students are able to find justifications for the fraudulent behavior, the less severe they perceive those behaviors to be. Implications to higher education are discussed.

Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2012 Submitted by Luiza Baptista (luiza.baptista@fmd.ulisboa.pt) on 2021-02-19T12:48:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MIMD_AnaCatarinaPires_2019-2020.pdf: 754834 bytes, checksum: 4081125ea4a6ddde852bdf1774922a37 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-19T12:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MIMD_AnaCatarinaPires_2019-2020.pdf: 754834 bytes, checksum: 4081125ea4a6ddde852bdf1774922a37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-11-18

PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of deviant status (lower vs higher rank) and organizational structure (vertical vs horizontal) on individuals’ responses to workplace deviance.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies (N= 472) were designed to examine the role of deviant status and organizational structure in responses to workplace deviance. Study 1 (N= 272) manipulated deviant status and organizational structure. Study 2 (N= 200) also manipulated deviant status but focused on participants’ subjective evaluations of the organizational structure of their workplace.FindingsStudy 1 found that participants reported lower job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and higher turnover intentions when they imagined being confronted with deviant behaviors displayed by a manager (vs by a subordinate), regardless of the type of organizational structure. Study 2 extended this finding by showing that the indirect effect of organizational structure (vertical vs horizontal) on turnover intention via job satisfaction and organizational commitment was moderated by deviant status: when the deviant’s status was higher, working in a vertical (vs horizontal) organization was associated with decreased job satisfaction and commitment, which, in turn, was associated with a higher level of turnover intentions.Originality/valueThe findings broaden our understanding of how individuals respond to deviance at the workplace, by simultaneously considering the effects of organizational structure (vertical vs horizontal) and deviant status (upward vs downward directions of deviance).

This study tested two hypotheses relating young athletes’ sports motivations to parental behaviors and cognitive appraisal: (1) young athletes’ motivation in sports is related to their parents’ behavior; and (2) this relationship is mediated by cognitive appraisal, even after controlling for competitive level and sports records. Method: This cross-sectional study included 673 young athletes and it measured the athletes’ perceptions of parental behaviors, cognitive appraisal, and sports motivation. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed Hypothesis 1 -- the mother’s behaviors accounted for 15 to 16% of the variance in sports motivation, and the father’s behaviors accounted for 12 to 21% of the variance. The correlation patterns differed according to whether the athletes were evaluating the mother’s or father’s behaviors. Hypothesis 2 also was confirmed, for cognitive appraisal partially mediated the relationship between the perception of parental behaviors and sports motivation (34% of the variance was accounted for by the perception of the mother’s behavior; 30% by the father’s). The mediating model did not vary with competitive level or sports records. Conclusion: Parental behaviors and cognitive appraisal need to be taken into account to understand young athletes’ sports motivations., Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho COMPETE2020. PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653) Project UID/MAT/00013/2013 Guimarães, European City of Sport 2013, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Across two studies ( NStudy 1 = 101; NStudy 2 = 262) conducted among children in the UK, we incorporate Bandura’s (1986) self-efficacy theory to intergroup contact literature and introduce the new construct of cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy (CEFSE), the belief that one can successfully form and maintain high-quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 1 examined whether sources of CEFSE beliefs (prior contact, indirect contact, social norms, and intergroup anxiety) predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships through CEFSE. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and extended it by including perceived parental cross-ethnic friendship quality as a further predictor. In both studies, sources of self-efficacy beliefs (except social norms) were related to CEFSE, which predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 2 demonstrated that parental cross-ethnic friendships had direct and indirect associations with children’s cross-ethnic friendships through sources of CEFSE and CEFSE beliefs. Findings are discussed in the light of self-efficacy and intergroup contact theories.

Before and after the 2016 US Presidential Election, this research examined Trump and Clinton supporters’ attributions about behavior of each leader, both of whose ethicality had been publicly questioned. American voters (N = 268) attributed significantly more dispositional factors to the outgroup leader than to the ingroup leader. Moreover, when the ingroup candidate won the election (i.e., among Trump supporters), unethical leadership subsequently became more acceptable and there was less desire to tighten the election process when dealing with unethical candidates. The opposite pattern was found among voters whose ingroup candidate lost the election (Clinton supporters). The results and implications are discussed.

Elite swimmers and swimming pool employees are likely to be at greater health risk due to their regular and intense exposure to air stressors in the indoor swimming pool environment. Since data on the real long-term exposure is limited, a long-term monitoring and sampling plan (22 non-consecutive days, from March to July 2017) was carried out in an indoor Olympic-size pool with a chlorine-based disinfection method to characterize indoor environments to which people involved in elite swimming and maintenance staff may be exposed to. A comprehensive set of parameters related with comfort and environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO2) and monoxide and ultrafine particles (UFP)) were monitored both indoors and outdoors in order to determine indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios. Additionally, an analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentration and its dynamics was implemented in three 1-hr periods: early morning, evening elite swimmers training session and late evening. Samplings were simultaneously carried out in the air layer above the water surface and in the air surrounding the pool, selected to be representative of swimmers and coaches/employees’ breathing zones, respectively. The results of this work showed that the indoor climate was very stable in terms of air temperature, RH and CO2. In terms of the other measured parameters, mean indoor UFP number concentrations (5158 pt/cm3) were about 50% of those measured outdoors whereas chloroform was the predominant substance detected in all samples collected indoors (13.0–369.3 µg/m3), among a varied list of chemical compounds. An I/O non-trihalomethanes (THM) VOC concentration ratio of 2.7 was also found, suggesting that, beyond THM, other potentially hazardous VOC have also their source(s) indoors. THM and non-THM VOC concentration were found to increase consistently during the evening training session and exhibited a significant seasonal pattern. Compared to their coaches, elite swimmers seemed to be exposed via inhalation to significantly higher total THM levels, but to similar concentrations of non-THM VOC, during routine training activities. Regarding swimming employees, the exposure to THM and other VOC appeared to be significantly minimized during the early morning period. The air/water temperature ratio and RH were identified as important parameters that are likely to trigger the transfer processes of volatile substances from water to air and of their accumulation in the indoor environment of the swimming pool, respectively. Keywords: Disinfection by-products, Exposure assessment, Indoor air quality, Indoor swimming pool, Ultrafine particles

Incidental appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (ANETs) occur in 0.2–0.7% of surgical resections for suspected appendicitis (Moris, Tsilimigras, Vagios, Ntanasis-stathopoulos, Karachaliou, Papalampros, et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix: a review of the literature. Anticancer Res [Internet]. 2018;38:601–11.). It’s a rare entity, clinically challenging and has controversy surrounding its management. A 69-year-old male presented to our clinic with acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain with less than 24 hours of evolution. The presumed clinical diagnosis was acute appendicitis. It was performed a laparoscopic appendectomy and the histopathologic result of the specimen showed neuroendocrine tumor of the appendix. ANETs are rare and typically diagnosed as incidental histopathologic finds in appendices specimens. However, they are the most common tumors arising from de appendix, between 30% and 80% of the cases (Pape, Niederle, Costa, Gross, Kelestimur, Kianmanesh, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix (excluding goblet cell carcinomas). Neuroendocrinology. 2016;103:144–52). Appendectomy may be sufficing for tumors

Undernutrition is frequently associated with advanced lung cancer. Accurate nutritional assessment tools are important to provide the proper nutritional therapy. Handgrip dynamometry has already been used in these patients, and the findings suggest that it is a good indicator of nutritional status.The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between nutritional status and handgrip strength (HGS) in patients with nonresectable lung cancer.Cross-sectional study involving thirty-seven subjects with nonresectable lung cancer. Nutritional status was obtained using Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), and muscle function was evaluated by HGS using a Jamar® handgrip dynamometer on the nondominant hand. The results of both methods were compared and correlated.According to PG-SGA, 73% (n = 27) of the patients were moderately undernourished, and 8% (n = 3) were severely undernourished. In total, 81% (n = 30) were undernourished. HGS was below the 50th percentile in 57% of the patients (n = 21). We found a significant association between nutritional status according to PG-SGA and HGS (P = 0.026, CI = 95%).Handgrip dynamometry can be a useful tool to evaluate the functional and nutritional status. It can be included in lung cancer patients evaluation, along with other nutritional assessment tools.

Visto a zona ser portadora de uma paisagem única, torna-se importante que esta área seja devidamente planeada, ordenada e gerida, aproveitando todas as características que ela detém, conseguindo desta forma, aproveitar o melhor, que é o espaço natural, mas de uma forma controlada e pensada ao pormenor, para que, esta intervenção não afete a sua sustentabilidade, o seu caracter e a sua essência. Para tal, é essencial que o “genius loci”, das margens do rio Rabaçal, seja mantido, para transmitir uma paisagem de valor inigualável que ali se encontra. Foram delineadas metodologias, tendo como base as regras gerais determinadas num PIER e, posteriormente foram propostas estratégias que visam a promoção, conservação do local e, valorização e preservação do seu património cultural, natural e histórico. Para tal, o Arquiteto Paisagista, conhecedor e capacitado, existe para exercer um ordenamento do território eficaz, que visa manter a sustentabilidade do local, a nível ecológico e natural, mas também, conseguir conjugar todas as vertentes ecológicas com património cultural e natural, numa interação credível e equilibrada com a sociedade As this region has a unique landscape, it becomes important that this area be properly planned, ordered and managed, taking advantage by all features that it holds, taking, this way, its best, which is the natural space, in a controlled way and detailed thought, so that, this intervention doesn’t affect its sustainability, its feature and its essence. For this propose it is important that “genius loci” of Rabaçal river’s margins be maintained, to communicate an unequaled quality landscape that is found there. For that, were traced methodologies, based on general rules set in a PIER, and after, strategies that aim the local’s promotion and preservation, such as its cultural, natural and historic heritage’s promotion and preservation, were proposed. For this propose, the Landscape Architect, expert and trained, exist to practice an effective territorial planning, which aims to keep the local’s sustainability, both at ecological and natural, but also to be able to conjugate all ecological strands with the cultural and natural heritage, in a credible and balanced interaction with the society.

The Centre for the Study of Group Processes (CSGP) was established in 1992 at the University of Kent. It is a research centre that emphasises the significance of groups in Social Psychology and intergroup relations. Professor Dominic Abrams founded the Centre along with five other social psychology researchers: Professor Rupert Brown, Professor Noel Clark, Professor Steve Hinkle, Dr Lorne Hulbert and Professor Geoffrey Stephenson. The Centre holds an excellent international reputation and remains a prominent influence in Social Psychology research, postgraduate training and teaching. Anna Kapantai, Catarina Morais and Fatima Tresh interviewed Professor Dominic Abrams, the current Director of the CSGP, to gain some insight into some of the research being conducted at the Centre.

This chapter makes the case for why ethical leadership can be best understood considering group processes. Particularly, we focus on the social identity theory of leadership, which highlights that leadership influence relies on the leader’s ability to be the best exemplar of the group (prototypical). From this group process approach, the best leader will be the individual that is the most prototypical as he/she better represents the group identity. As the ability to influence others is a central part of being a leader, leaders need to render themselves socially attractive to their followers by being normative, loyal, and generally behaving in ways that favour the group. Arguably then, an ethical leader will be more effective in exerting influence on the organisation.

Submitted by Ana Costa (apcosta@porto.ucp.pt) on 2021-06-11T14:06:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Mestrado_Catarina Rocha.pdf: 3188939 bytes, checksum: a15c800cf1b7ce0da7d2314fb034313f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Helena Ribeiro (helena.ribeiro@lisboa.ucp.pt) on 2021-06-22T10:13:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Mestrado_Catarina Rocha.pdf: 3188939 bytes, checksum: a15c800cf1b7ce0da7d2314fb034313f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-22T10:13:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Mestrado_Catarina Rocha.pdf: 3188939 bytes, checksum: a15c800cf1b7ce0da7d2314fb034313f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-30