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[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN [ADD1_IRSTEA]Dynamiques spatiales d'anthropisation; International audience; This presentation shows different situations of the use of interfaces mapping which contribute to improve the Rural Urban Interface (RUI) and Wildland Urban-interface (WUI) knowledge for the forest fire prevention and preparedness for inhabitants, stakeholders and firefighters. The works are based on researches developed by IRSTEA team of Aix-en-Provence, with the collaboration of Spanish team (Tragsatec) and Italian teams from Sardinia (UNISS and CNR) during the European FUME program, on-going works in the FIREXTR project in Portugal and also supported by the French Environment minister programme (bureau of natural and hydrologic risks).

The aim of this paper is to present the methodologies, a software and results developed in the European FUME program to map the rural-urban interfaces (RUI). Three methodologies were set up for RUI mapping: two on the local scale (the community scale) and one on the global scale (the European scale). The first local scale method was developed in a French context by IRSTEA. In this case the RUI is defined by a radius of 100 metres around each house located at a distance inferior to 200 metres from forests or scrublands. The building density was used to create four classes of housing configuration. Then the structure of vegetation was characterized and mapped to emphasize its horizontal continuity with landscape ecology metrics. The RUI map was created by a combination of housing configuration and vegetation characterisation. The second local scale method developed by TRAGSATEC is based on three phases. First a settlement map creation with the union of a land use cover and a vegetation cover defines the housing and the landscape that surrounds them. Then a buffer is created around settlements which are located at a distance inferior to 400 m from the forest; its size depends on the difficulty in protecting the houses against fire. In the final phase the different types of RUI are defined from the type of settlement and vegetation-settlement connection around houses. The global scale method developed by IRSTEA makes possible the comparison of the situations and the importance of RUI in the different European countries. On the global scale, the rural urban interfaces are defined by a radius of 400 metres around houses located atless than 200 metres from forests or shrubland. The global rural urban interface map results from the combination of criteria from the Corine Land Cover database and from the soil sealing database. A major step of the work was the development of a software named RUImap with the three different methods above. The use of the tool could be very advantageous for fire risk analysis on RUI scale, and for local quantification of fuel charge and continuity. This information linked with the direct knowledge of the general context is very important for the local fire risk assessment.

This paper aims to present a software tool allowing to map Wildland-urban interfaces (WUI) on local and global scales. Two methods have been produced for mapping WUI on local scale (one or several district level) and one method for the broad scale (European level). These works are part of the European FUME project (7thFramework Program). The two methods for local mapping were developed by Cemagref/Irstea, and Tragsatec, and were tested by DipNET (University of Sassari) in three study areas which are located in South-Eastern France, in Eastern Spain, and Sardinia (Italy). The UNISS team uses the WUImap software for mapping WUI on local and European levels. The aim is to evaluate changes in time of main WUI descriptors. The software is designed to work with ESRI Arc GIS 9.3, ArcInfo license

Neonatal bacterial meningitis (NM) continues to be a serious disease with an unchanging rate of adverse outcome of 20-60%, despite a worldwide decline in mortality. The 3 major pathogens in developed countries are: Group B streptococcus, gram negative rods and Lysteria monocytogenes. Signs and symptoms of NM may be subtle, unspecific, vague, atypical or absent. In order to exclude NM, all infants with proven or suspected sepsis should undergo lumbar puncture. Positive culture of cerebrospinal fluid may be the only way to diagnose NM and to identify the pathogen, as CSF parameters Smay be normal at early stages and NM may occur frequently (up to 30% of cases) in the absence of bacteraemia. When NM is suspected, treatment must be aggressive, as the goal is to achieve bactericidal concentration of antibiotics and to sterilize CSF as soon as possible. Antibiotics should be administered intravenously, at the highest clinically validated doses. Empiric antibiotic treatment should include agents active against all main pathogens; currently the recommended empiric treatment of NM is ampicillin, plus an aminoglycoside and a third-generation cephalosporn. Therapy should be reassessed after cultures and antibiotic susceptibility is available. Prevention of neonatal sepsis, early recognition of infants at risk, prompt treatment and future adjunctive therapies will improve prognosis. Finally, we present the first preliminary Italian data on GBS meningitis. Data are obtained from an area-based study conducted In Emilia-Romagna during 2003 to 2009.