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6. Comparison Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Functions of Cognitive Control in Adolescents: A Tracking Study of 3 Years.

Author

Weber, Vinícius Muller Reis, Castro‐Piñero, Jose, Cesar da Costa, Julio, Fernandes, Daniel Zanardini, Romanzini, Marcelo, and Ronque, Enio Ricardo Vaz

Subjects
EXECUTIVE function, MEMORY, BRAIN, CARDIOPULMONARY fitness, COMPARATIVE studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor, LONGITUDINAL method, ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Purpose: Compare tracking groups with cognitive control functions and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations from childhood to adolescence. Methods: This is a prospective study with 3 years of follow-up. At baseline, data from 394 individuals were collected (11.7 y), and data were obtained from 134 adolescents (14.9 y) at the 3-year follow-up. At both time points, anthropometric and maximal oxygen uptake data were collected. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) groups were classified into high or low CRF. At follow-up, cognitive outcomes were collected via the Stroop and Corsi block test; plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations were also analyzed. Results: Comparisons demonstrated that maintaining high CRF over 3 years results in shorter reaction time, better inhibitory control, and higher working memory values. Likewise, the group that moved from low to high CRF over 3 years presented better reaction time. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations were higher for the group that increased its CRF over the 3 years in relation to the low–low group (90.58 pg·mL−1; P =.004). However, after scaling by an allometric approach, differences were only found for reaction time and working memory between high–high and high–low groups. Conclusion: Maintaining high CRF over 3 years was positively related to reaction time and working memory in relation to adolescents that decreased their levels of CRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2023
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11. Age-Related Differences and Reliability of a Field-Based Fitness Test Battery in Young Trained Footballers: The Role of Biological Age.

Author

Jimenez-Iglesias, Jose, Gonzalo-Skok, Oliver, Landi-Fernández, Mario, Perez-Bey, Alejandro, and Castro-Piñero, Jose

Subjects
HIP exercises, MUSCLE strength, MEASUREMENT errors, INTRACLASS correlation, CARDIOPULMONARY fitness, BLAND-Altman plot
Abstract

Background: the purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability of a field-based fitness test battery in young trained football players, according to biological age. Methods: 197 young trained football players (12–19 years old) participated in the study. We measured anthropometric measurements (i.e., height, sitting height, length leg, and body mass), a bilateral vertical jumping test (CMJ), a progressive loading test of squats and hip thrust, acceleration and speed tests (10 m and 30 m sprint tests), a change-of-direction ability test (V–cut test), and a cardiorespiratory fitness test (30–15 intermittent fitness test). Statistical data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation by PHV group in tests and retests. Test reliability was assessed through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with an ICC above 0.9 being considered high. To evaluate accuracy and repeatability, standard error of measurement, coefficient of variation, and minimum detectable change at 90% were determined and Bland–Altman diagrams were used, establishing a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: All of the tests showed non-significant differences between the test and retest in the pooled sample (p > 0.05). Furthermore, all of them presented a trivial effect size (<0.2) and high intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.9), which indicates the high reproducibility of the tests, despite some of them presenting a significant difference between trials (i.e., the CMJ, 10 m sprint, V–cut, and squat tests). Low measurement errors were found for all tests (coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.39–9.39), except for the CMJ and the progressive loading test for squat and hip thrust exercises (CV = 12.2–21.11). Similar results were found irrespective of biological age group. Conclusions: All tests were reliable for the pooled sample as well as for the biological age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2024
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12. The Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery for monitoring and surveillance among children and adolescents: A modified Delphi consensus project with 169 experts from 50 countries and territories

Author

Oyeyemi, Adewale L., Marques, Adilson, Gribbon, Aidan, Gaya, Anelise Reis, García-Hermoso, Antonio, Sääkslahti, Arja, Emeljanovas, Arunas, Faigenbaum, Avery, Nakabazzi, Bernadette, Leskošek, Bojan, Popovic, Boris, O'Keeffe, Brendan, Timmons, Brian W., Mieziene, Brigita, Fraser, Brooklyn, Brand, Caroline, Anza-Ramirez, Cecilia, Alvarez-Bueno, Celia, Agostinis-Sobrinho, Cesar A., Hillman, Charles H., Niessner, Claudia, Drenowatz, Clemens, Magnussen, Costan G., Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina, Berglind, Daniel, da Silva, Danilo Rodrigues Pereira, Colella, Dario, Lubans, David, Matelot, David, Tladi, Dawn M., Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Moliner-Urdiales, Diego, Dumuid, Dot, Blain, Dylan, Jáuregui-Ulloa, Edtna, Pintos-Toledo, Enrique, Poon, Eric T., Lee, Eun-Young, Riso, Eva-Maria, Mäestu, Evelin, Bardid, Farid, Cañete, Felicia, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando, De Roia, Gabriela, Tabacchi, Garden, Stratton, Gareth, Sandercock, Gavin, Georgiev, Georgi, Vicente-Rodríguez, Germán, Ferrari, Gerson, Rosa, Gil, Welk, Greg, Jurak, Gregor, Starc, Gregor, Labayen, Idoia, Cigarroa, Igor, Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Emeterio, Iván Clavel San, Milanović, Ivana, Clarke, Janine, Dobosz, Janusz, Mäestu, Jarek, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Sacheck, Jennifer M., Servais, Jennifer, Secchi, Jeremías David, Vanhelst, Jérémy, Ramírez, Jesús Viciana, Magalhães, João, Soto-Sánchez, Johana, Jaunig, Johannes, Reilly, John J., Smith, Jordan, Mota, Jorge, Castro-Piñero, Jose, López-Gil, José Francisco, Githang'a, Juliah Wambui, Mello, Júlio Brugnara, Janz, Kathleen, Weston, Kathryn L., Laurson, Kelly, Till, Kevin, Dlamini, Khanyile, Tambalis, Konstantinos D., Basterfield, Laura, Joensuu, Laura, Béghin, Laurent, Santos, Leandro dos, Mugisha, Lillian, Zou, Liye, Taylor, Juan Ricardo López Y, Štefan, Lovro, Léger, Luc, Wachira, Lucy-Joy, Sardinha, Luís B., Rubin, Lukas, Thuany, Mabliny, Cuenca-García, Magdalena, Paw, Mai Chin A, Sanchez-Lopez, Mairena, Pihu, Maret, Noriega, Maria Jose, Medrano-Echeverría, María, Beltran-Valls, Maria Reyes, Löf, Marie, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Tremblay, Mark S., Gerber, Markus, Sorić, Maroje, Giuriato, Matteo, Vandoni, Matteo, Lenoir, Matthieu, Santander, Mauro D., Peralta, Miguel, Huhtiniemi, Mikko, Said, Mohamed Ahmed, Kaj, Mónika, Burn, Naomi, Ridgers, Nicola D., Lovecchio, Nicola, Aguilar-Farias, Nicolas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Veiga, Oscar L., Saint-Maurice, Pedro, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Henriksson, Pontus, Colley, Rachel, Ocansey, Reginald T-A., Kliegl, Reinhold, Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson, Ssenyonga, Ronald, Naidoo, Rowena, Pate, Russell R., McGrath, Ryan, Kuu, Saima, Salaj, Sanja, Gontarev, Seryozha, Morrison, Shawnda A., Nqweniso, Siphesihle, Chen, Sitong, Kagunda, Stanley, Prince, Stephanie A., Wong, Stephen H., Popovic, Stevo R., Fairclough, Stuart J., Andrade, Susana, Kriemler, Susi, Csányi, Tamás, Manyanga, Taru, Mwase-Vuma, Tawonga W., Kidokoro, Tetsu, Gomes, Thayse Natacha Q.F., Gisladottir, Thordis, Takken, Tim, Jaakkola, Timo, Lakka, Timo, Olds, Timothy, Tammelin, Tuija, Granacher, Urs, Carson, Valerie, Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente, Onywera, Vincent, Pellino, Vittoria Carnevale, Huang, Wendy Y., Yin, Xiaojian, Liu, Yang, Song, Yi, Sun, Yi, Liu, Yuan, Ortega, Francisco B., Zhang, Kai, Tomkinson, Grant R., Ruiz, Jonatan R., Keller, Katja, Nyström, Christine Delisle, Pate, Russell, Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro, Wachira, Lucy-Joy M., Cristi-Montero, Carlos, Fraser, Brooklyn J., Onywera, Vincent O., Liang, Li-Lin, Lubans, David R., and Lang, Justin J. more...

Published
2025
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13. Comparison of objectively measured and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness to predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies representing 35 cohorts and 3.8 million observations

Author

Singh, Ben, Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina, da Costa, Bruno G.G., Castro-Piñero, José, Chaput, Jean-Philippe, Cuenca-García, Magdalena, Maher, Carol, Marín-Jiménez, Nuria, McGrath, Ryan, Molina-García, Pablo, Myers, Jonathan, Gower, Bethany, Ortega, Francisco B., Lang, Justin J., and Tomkinson, Grant R. more...

Published
2025
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14. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cutoff Points for Early Detection of Present and Future Cardiovascular Risk in Children: A 2-Year Follow-up Study

Author

Marcos, Ascension, Castro-Piñero, Jose, Veiga, Oscar L., Bandres, Fernando, Martinez-Gomez, David, Ruiz, Jonatan R., Carbonell-Baeza, Ana, Gomez-Martinez, Sonia, Santiago, Catalina, Nova, Esther, Diaz, Ligia-Esperanza, Zapatera, Belen, Veses, Ana M., Hernandez, Aurora, Gheorghe, Alina, Castro-Piñero, José, Mora-Vicente, Jesus, Gonzalez-Montesinos, Jose L., Conde-Caveda, Julio, Ortega, Francisco B., Moledo, Carmen Padilla, Baeza, Ana Carbonell, Chillon, Palma, Fernandez, Jorge del Rosario, Galo, Ana Gonzalez, Guerra, Gonzalo Bellvis, Alfonso, Alvaro Delgado, Parrilla, Fernando, Gomez, Roque, Gavala, Juan, Villagra, H. Ariel, del-Campo, Juan, Cordente, Carlos, Diaz, Mario, Tejero, Carlos M., Acha, Aitor, Moya, Jose M., Sanz, Alberto, Cabanas-Sanchez, Veronica, Rodriguez-Romo, Gabriel, Izquierdo, Rocio, Garcia-Cervantes, Laura, Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Lucia, Alejandro, Gomez-Gallego, Felix, Perez-Bey, Alejandro, Segura-Jiménez, Víctor, Aparicio, Virginia A., Gómez-Martínez, Sonia, Izquierdo-Gomez, Rocio, and Marcos, Ascensión more...

Published
2017
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22. Correction to: Study protocol and rationale of the “Cogniaction project” a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren

Author

Solis-Urra, Patricio, Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge, Suarez-Cadenas, Ernesto, Sanchez-Martinez, Javier, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando, Ortega, Francisco B., Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina, Castro-Piñero, Jose, Veloz, Alejandro, Chabert, Steren, Sadarangani, Kabir P., Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo, Migueles, Jairo H., Mora-Gonzalez, Jose, Quiroz-Escobar, Milton, Almonte-Espinoza, Diego, Urzúa, Alfonso, Dragicevic, Constantino D., Astudillo, Aland, Méndez-Gassibe, Eduardo, Riquelme-Uribe, Daniel, Azagra, Marcela Jarpa, and Cristi-Montero, Carlos more...

Published
2021
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24. Muscle Fitness Cut Points for Early Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Children and Adolescents

Author

Marcos, Ascension, Gomez-Martinez, Sonia, Nova, Esther, Diaz, Ligia-Esperanza, Zapatera, Belen, Veses, Ana M., Hernandez, Aurora, Gheorghe, Alina, Castro-Piñero, José, Mora-Vicente, Jesus, Gonzalez Montesinos, Jose L., Conde-Caveda, Julio, Ruiz, Jonatan R., Ortega, Francisco B., Moledo, Carmen Padilla, Baeza, Ana Carbonell, Chillon, Palma, del Rosario Fernandez, Jorge, Galo, Ana Gonzalez, Guerra, Gonzalo Bellvis, Alfonso, Alvaro Delgado, Parrilla, Fernando, Gomez, Roque, Gavala, Juan, Veiga, Oscar L., Villagra, H. Ariel, del, Juan, Campo, Cordente, Carlos, Diaz, Mario, Tejero, Carlos M., Acha, Aitor, Moya, Jose M., Sanz, Alberto, Martinez-Gomez, David, Cabanas-Sanchez, Veronica, Rodriguez Romo, Gabriel, Izquierdo, Rocio, Garcia-Cervantes, Laura, Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Bandres, Fernando, Lucia, Alejandro, Santiago, Catalina, Gomez-Gallego, Felix, Perez-Bey, Alejandro, Cuenca-Garcia, Magdalena, Cabanas-Sanchez, Verónica, Gómez-Martínez, Sonia, and Marcos, Ascensión more...

Published
2019
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25. Association between Flexibility, Measured with the Back-Scratch Test, and the Odds of Oxytocin Administration during Labour and Caesarean Section.

Author

Aparicio, Virginia A., Marín-Jiménez, Nuria, Castro-Piñero, Jose, Flor-Alemany, Marta, Coll-Risco, Irene, and Baena-García, Laura

Subjects
RECEIVER operating characteristic curves, CESAREAN section, PREGNANT women, OXYTOCIN, ODDS ratio
Abstract

Objective: This study explored whether assessing flexibility levels in clinical settings might predict the odds of oxytocin administration and caesarean section to stimulate labour. Methods: Pregnant women from the GESTAFIT Project (n = 157), participated in this longitudinal study. Maternal upper-body flexibility was assessed at 16 gestational weeks (g.w.) through the Back-scratch test. Clinical data, including oxytocin administration and type of birth, were registered from obstetric medical records. Results: Pregnant women who required oxytocin administration or had caesarean sections showed lower flexibility scores (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the Back-scratch test was able to detect the need for oxytocin administration ((area under the curve [AUC] = 0.672 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.682 (95% CI: 0.59–0.78, p = 0.001)). The AUC to establish the ability of flexibility to discriminate between vaginal and caesarean section births was 0.672 (95% CI: 0.60–0.77, p = 0.002). A Back-scratch test worse than 4 centimetres was associated with a ~5 times greater increased odds ratio of requiring exogenous oxytocin administration (95% CI: 2.0–11.6, p = 0.001) and a ~4 times greater increased odds ratio of having a caesarean section (95% CI: 1.7–10.2, p = 0.002). Conclusions: These findings suggest that lower flexibility levels at the 16th g.w. discriminates between pregnant women who will require oxytocin and those who will not, and those with a greater risk of a caesarean section than those with a vaginal birth. Pregnant women below the proposed Back-scratch test cut-offs at 16th g.w. might specifically benefit from physical therapies that include flexibility training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2024
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26. Criterion‐related validity and reliability of the standing long jump test in adults: The Adult‐Fit project.

Author

Marin‐Jimenez, Nuria, Perez‐Bey, Alejandro, Cruz‐Leon, Carolina, Conde‐Caveda, Julio, Segura‐Jimenez, Victor, Castro‐Piñero, Jose, and Cuenca‐Garcia, Magdalena

Subjects
LEG physiology, RESEARCH funding, RESEARCH evaluation, MUSCLE strength testing, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, STATISTICAL reliability, INTRACLASS correlation, JUMPING, ANTHROPOMETRY, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, RELIABILITY (Personality trait), REGRESSION analysis
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the criterion‐related validity and the reliability of the standing long jump test (SLJ) for evaluating the lower‐body explosive muscular strength in adults. A total of 410 adults participated in this study. Sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, laboratory lower‐body muscular strength tests, and the field‐based SLJ were performed. In validity analysis, stepwise regression analysis showed that maximal horizontal power, sex, percentage of body fat, maximal horizontal force, and lean mass were significantly associated with the SLJ distance (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.001). Reliability analysis showed significant differences between test–retest in the SLJ test, with an overestimation of the second measurement compared to the first [12.14 ± 14.46 cm, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94 (0.75–0.97), p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.31]. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 7.06% and the minimal detectable change (MDC90) was 29 cm. After a learning period, higher reliability values were found [0.45 ± 1.04 cm, ICC = 1.00 (0.99–1.00); p = 0.001; CV = 0.53 %; MDC90 = 1 cm]. The SLJ test may be a valid tool to assess lower‐body explosive muscular strength in the adult population. A learning period may be necessary to provide reliability on the SLJ test. Highlights: The standing long jump (SLJ) test is the most used field‐based test for assessing lower‐body explosive muscular strength. However, its criterion‐related validity and reliability have not been explored in the adult population.The SLJ is a valid test. Maximal horizontal power, sex, percentage of body fat, maximal horizontal force, and lean mass account for validity variance in SLJ distance.The SLJ test is a reliable tool, regardless of sex, age and physical activity levels. It may be beneficial to implement a familiarization period before evaluation to ensure reliability.The SLJ test is practical, time‐efficient, and low in cost and equipment requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2024
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27. Kinematic Analysis of the Standing Long Jump in Children 6- to 12-Years-Old

Author

Fernandez-Santos, Jorge R., Gonzalez-Montesinos, Jose Luis, Ruiz, Jonatan R., Jiménez-Pavón, David, and Castro-Piñero, Jose

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables that determine the performance of the standing long jump in children 6- to 12-years-old. There were 121 healthy children (58 girls) recorded while they performed the standing long jump test. All kinematic variables showed a significant correlation with calculated jump distance and measured jump distance, except for the knee joint angle at maximum shoulder extension angle, ankle joint angle at maximum shoulder extension angle, and shoulder joint angle at maximum knee flexion angle. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that sex, age, and body mass index accounted for 51.1% of the jump distance variance. Among all the kinematic variables, take-off distance and take-off speed were accounted for the most of the variation in the jump distance. Physical education teachers and coaches should consider special attention to these anthropometrics and kinematic aspects in improving the standing long jump performance in children. more...

Published
2018
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37. Study protocol and rationale of the “Cogni-action project” a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren

Author

Solis-Urra, Patricio, Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge, Suarez-Cadenas, Ernesto, Sanchez-Martinez, Javier, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando, Ortega, Francisco B., Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina, Castro-Piñero, Jose, Veloz, Alejandro, Chabert, Steren, Sadarangani, Kabir P., Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo, Migueles, Jairo H., Mora-Gonzalez, Jose, Quiroz-Escobar, Milton, Almonte-Espinoza, Diego, Urzúa, Alfonso, Dragicevic, Constantino D., Astudillo, Aland, Méndez-Gassibe, Eduardo, Riquelme-Uribe, Daniel, Azagra, Marcela Jarpa, and Cristi-Montero, Carlos more...

Published
2019
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44. Assessment of physical fitness during pregnancy: validity and reliability of fitness tests, and relationship with maternal and neonatal health – a systematic review

Author

Romero-Gallardo, Lidia, primary, Roldan Reoyo, Olga, additional, Castro-Piñero, Jose, additional, May, Linda E, additional, Ocón-Hernández, Olga, additional, Mottola, Michelle F, additional, Aparicio, Virginia A, additional, and Soriano-Maldonado, Alberto, additional more...

Published
2022
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46. Validity and reliability of the International fItness scale (IFIS) in preschool children

Author

Sánchez-López, Mairena, primary, García-Hermoso, Antonio, additional, Ortega, Francisco B., additional, Moliner-Urdiales, Diego, additional, Labayen, Idoia, additional, Castro-Piñero, Jose, additional, Benito, Pedro J., additional, Vicente-Rodríguez, Germán, additional, Sanchis-Moysi, Joaquin, additional, Cantallops, Jaume, additional, Artero, Enrique G., additional, and Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente, additional more...

Published
2022
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47. Validity and reliability of the International fItness scale (IFIS) in preschool children.

Author

Sánchez-López, Mairena, García-Hermoso, Antonio, Ortega, Francisco B., Moliner-Urdiales, Diego, Labayen, Idoia, Castro-Piñero, Jose, Benito, Pedro J., Vicente-Rodríguez, Germán, Sanchis-Moysi, Joaquin, Cantallops, Jaume, Artero, Enrique G., and Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente more...

Subjects
RESEARCH evaluation, CROSS-sectional method, PHYSICAL fitness, WAIST circumference, ANALYSIS of covariance, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, CHILDREN
Abstract

Objectives: Examine the validity and reliability of parent-reported International FItness Scale (IFIS) in preschoolers. Method: A cross-sectional study of 3051 Spanish preschoolers (3–5 years). Fitness was measured by PREFIT battery and reported by parents using an adapted version of the IFIS. Waist circumference was evaluated, and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Seventy-six parents of randomly selected schoolchildren completed the IFIS twice for a reliability assessment. Results: ANCOVA, adjusted for sex, age and WHtR, showed that preschoolers who were scored by their parents as having average-to-very good fitness had better levels of measured physical fitness than those preschoolers who were classified as having "very poor/poor" fitness levels (18.1laps to 22.1laps vs 15.6laps for cardiorespiratory fitness; 6.6 kg to 7.5 kg vs 5.3 kg for muscular fitness-handgrip-; 71.7 cm to 76.4 cm vs 62.0 cm for muscular fitness-standing long jump-; 17.2s to 16.2s vs 18.2s for speed/agility; and 11.2s to 15.6s vs 8.7s for balance; p < 0.001). The weighted kappa for concordance between parent-reported fitness levels and objective assessment was poor (κ ≤ 0.18 for all fitness measures). Overall, the mean values of the abdominal adiposity indicators were significantly lower in high-level fitness categories reported by parents than in low-level fitness categories (p < 0.05). The test-retest reliability ranged from 0.46 to 0.62. Conclusions: The reliability of the parent-reported IFIS are acceptable, but the concordance between parents reported and objectively measures fitness levels is poor, suggesting that parents' responses may not be able to correctly classify preschoolers according to their fitness level. Highlights The convergent validity and reliability (test-retest) values of the IFIS parent scale are moderately acceptable for assessing physical fitness in children aged 3–5 years. However, the results of concordance show that criterion validity is poor suggesting that parents' responses may not be able to correctly classify preschoolers according to their fitness level. Considering that the fitness level at these ages is fairly homogeneous, it seems difficult for parents to discriminate between the fitness levels of their children. Therefore, it seems necessary to recalibrate the scale in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2023
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49. Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review

Author

Castro-Piñero, Jose, Marin-Jimenez, Nuria, Fernandez-Santos, Jorge R., Martin-Acosta, Fatima, Segura-Jimenez, Victor, Izquierdo-Gomez, Rocio, Ruiz, Jonatan R., Cuenca-Garcia, Magdalena, [Castro-Piñero,J, Marin-Jimenez,N, Fernandez-Santos,JR, Martin-Acosta,F, Segura-Jimenez,V, Izquierdo-Gomez,R, Cuenca-Garcia,M] GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain. [Castro-Piñero,J, Cuenca-Garcia,M] Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain. [Ruiz,JR] PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain., This project was supported by Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness in the 2017 call for R&D Projects of the State Program for Research, Development and Innovation Oriented to the Challenges of the Company, National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and of Innovation 2017-2020 (DEP2017-88043-R), and and the Regional Government of Andalusia and University of Cadiz: Research and Knowledge Transfer Fund (PPIT-FPI19). more...

Subjects
Flexibilidad, Fitness testing, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Muscle Strength::Hand Strength [Medical Subject Headings], Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Physics::Electronics::Electronics, Medical [Medical Subject Headings], Adulthood, Fuerza muscular, Capacidad cardiovascular, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Muscular strength, Information Science::Information Science::Information Storage and Retrieval::Databases as Topic::Databases, Bibliographic::PubMed::MEDLINE [Medical Subject Headings], Anatomy::Body Regions::Extremities::Lower Extremity::Foot::Forefoot, Human::Toes [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Psychophysiology::Sensation::Touch [Medical Subject Headings], Validation, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Motor fitness and flexibility, Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings], Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System::Muscles::Muscle, Skeletal::Back Muscles [Medical Subject Headings]
Abstract

We comprehensively assessed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based fitness tests used to indicate adult health (19-64 years, with no known pathologies). The medical electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) were screened for studies published up to July 2020. Each original study's methodological quality was classified as high, low and very low, according to the number of participants, the description of the study population, statistical analysis and systematic reviews which were appraised via the AMSTAR rating scale. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. We identified 101 original studies (50 of high quality) and five systematic reviews examining the criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in adults. Strong evidence indicated that the 20 m shuttle run, 1.5-mile, 12 min run/walk, YMCA step, 2 km walk and 6 min walk test are valid for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness; the handgrip strength test is valid for assessing hand maximal isometric strength; and the Biering-Sørensen test to evaluate the endurance strength of hip and back muscles; however, the sit-and reach test, and its different versions, and the toe-to-touch test are not valid for assessing hamstring and lower back flexibility. We found moderate evidence supporting that the 20 m square shuttle run test is a valid test for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness. Other field-based fitness tests presented limited evidence, mainly due to few studies. We developed an evidence-based proposal of the most valid field-based fitness tests in healthy adults aged 19-64 years old. Yes more...

Published
2021