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Although the globalization of international migration is commonly accepted as a general tendency in contemporary migration patterns (de Haas, Castles, and Miller 2020, 9), the corresponding body of empirical evidence is mixed and fragmented. Our review of global migration patterns over the past half‐century highlights how the theories, expectations, and ultimately findings may vary depending on the specific definitions, vantage points, and measures being used. In this paper, we provide a simpler and integrated account of the globalization of international migration that includes a corresponding empirical template to quantify the relative importance of two processes at work: the intensity and connectivity of international migration. Using recent estimates of country‐to‐country migration flows every five years from 1990–1995 to 2015–2020, our analysis using demographic decomposition and group‐based multitrajectory modeling highlights the dynamic relationship between intensity and connectivity from both the global and country vantage points. Our work in this paper provides a starting point in the form of a much‐needed empirical template, one that is also highly flexible and customizable, for future research on the globalization of international migration to coalesce around and use going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persuasion is especially prominent in genres with a strong aim to affect others' behaviour. Contemporary persuasion studies often centre on domains such as advertising, politics and media, and the present study targets tourism. Previous work on persuasion in tourism discourse has focused on word choice and collocations, while this study addresses how persuasion is performed through broader rhetorical functions. The English version of the official tourism website for Sweden was compiled into a 53,296-word corpus. Word frequency data showed that you was highly frequent. All examples involving you (N=450) were analysed inductively to identify persuasive rhetorical functions. Seven functions emerged: Specifying tourist identities; Constructing helpful/expert guide; Building rapport; Anticipating reader reactions (focusing on the visitor and/or guide); and Personifying the destination; Presenting options; Imagining scenarios (focusing on the destination). The most frequent function was found to be Constructing helpful/expert guide, whose frequency contrasts sharply to Anticipating reader reactions and Personifying the destination, with the remaining functions falling in between. The frequency analysis details how the seven functions co-occur; it revealed a common pattern of overlapping functions. • Persuasion performed through rhetorical functions is studied in tourism discourse. • Of seven functions found, the most frequent was Constructing helpful/expert guide. • It was followed by Building rapport; Presenting options; Imagining scenarios. • A strong pattern of overlapping functions was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Poetics / KulturPoetik: Zeitschrift für Kulturgeschichtliche Literaturwissenschaft is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Poetics / KulturPoetik: Zeitschrift für Kulturgeschichtliche Literaturwissenschaft is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Against the backdrop of the Snowflake Castle collapse and through the dialogue between Little Snowflake and the Doctor, this paper introduces the main components, principles of action, and applications of snow melting agents. Using snow melting agents as an example, it further explores the concept of colligative properties of dilute solutions, their related applications, and the methods of using snow melting agents. The aim is to familiarize readers with the concept of colligative properties in physical chemistry and to promote the concept of environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the appearance and meaning of city walls on ducal and municipal seals in 13th-century Poland. Despite the great popularity of the motif, actual stone or brick fortifications, both of towns and castles, were rare in Poland at the time. It is especially striking that in the area of Kuyavia, where local dukes introduced the motif onto their seals at an early stage, such architectonic structures were almost entirely absent. Several towns also employed images of stone walls on their seals before they gained the real fortifications. The motif of fortification is examined here as a symbol of civilization in a wider sense, and particularly that of the communal town. The final section the paper explores ways in which Polish society might have come to understand this symbolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2023, the Center for the Transformation of Chemistry (CTC) began a three-year start-up phase, aiming to draft its research program. The CTC-Conference at Ringberg brought scientists together to discuss their research and brainstorm a "moon-shot" program to align efforts, enable rapid discoveries, and move towards a sustainable circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across Eastern Germany, many castles and stately homes were used as shops, schools or community buildings during the GDR. Since the 1990s, many of them have been turned into museums. This paper discusses the challenges of dealing with the history of socialist reuse in East-German heritage buildings comparing the former Prussian castles of Schönhausen (Berlin) and Rheinsberg (Northern Brandenburg). The comparison is based on five in-depth semi-structured interviews providing insights into the considerations of curatorial decision makers. It shows that there is still a high sense of uncertainty in how to address the GDR past, in particular when the role of the building was not clearly political. Personal recollections of the recent past lead to uneasiness in addressing this part of history. At the same time, the paper shows how attitudes have changed over time. Today, the GDR past is increasingly seen as an opportunity to connect to a wider audience and foster a more participatory and democratic memory culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the potential influence of Marie Hay's novel "The Evil Vineyard" on C.G. Jung's "Memories, Dreams, Reflections", particularly in the chapter "The Tower." Topics include: Jung's possible cryptomnesia regarding the novel, the parallels between Hay's castle and Jung's lakeside tower, and the symbolic representations of psychological concepts such as individuation in both texts. It mentions how the similarities between the two works might reflect a deeper synchronicity.

The concentrations in (mg/L) unit of Lead, Chromium, Nickel and Cadmium heavy metal in 10 soil samples from the ancient Dharb Castle in Diwaniyah Governorate, have been gathered at random, prepared, and examined with an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).The outcomes of Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd heavy metal concentrations in (mg/L) unit have been ranged between (1.2069 to 21.1207) (mg/L )with average(12.16955mg/L),(15.9302 to 5.3101)( mg/L)with average (9.35905)( mg/L)(0.1855 to 3.9946)( mg/L) with average (9.0805)( mg/L), and ( 0.0951 to 0.0810)( mg/L) with average (1.8187)( mg/L) respectively. The present results were within the worldwide range, the old Dharb Castle in Diwaniyah Governorate was designated as a safe zone for tourist and human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations in Ds/m unit of Ec and PH in ten soil samples from the ancient Dharb Castle in Diwaniyah Governorate in Iraq, have been gathered at random, processed, and quantified using Ec meter and PH meter The results of concentrations in Ds/m unit have been ranged between (8.405 to 9.740) Ds/m with average (9.072 Ds/m), While PH concentrations (7.28 to 7.52) respectively. The current findings are within the worldwide range. the ancient Dharb Castle in Diwaniyah Governorate was regarded as a safe area for tourism and human activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of En Blanco: Revista de Arquitectura is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural heritage gives places meaning and an atmosphere called genius loci based on tangible and intangible values. Nowadays, we can observe a commercial and consumerist approach to the spirit of place: it is used as a promotional tool and a tourism product, reduced to a cliché satisfying popular consumers tastes. The aim of this study is to identify the values which determine the identity of a place and the dangers they face, trying to answer the question: how can genius loci be protected? We analyse the problem based on the example of selected open-air museums at defensive castles in Poland's Jurassic Belt. These museums have become a field of commercial entertainment and fallen victim to irreversible transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is a photographic summary of a cultural expedition in September 2008 in Romania to learn a little about this incredible country's natural and historical-cultural beauties. The photos show some medieval cities, fortifications, castles, monasteries, museums, and churches with iconographic paintings registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arkeoloji Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the Arab era, the Castell d'Alaró, in particular, was already described as one of the principal rock castles on Mallorca. The extremely large rocky plateau, with its area of 16 ha, afforded an excellent place of refuge for thousands of people, as well as their animals, especially thanks to its numerous cisterns and constant water sources. The castle served to control the only access to the plateau effectively. As the bottleneck was skilfully fortified with walls and gates, the position could easily be successfully defended by as few as 20 to 25 people. Even before the Arab conquest in the early 10th century, Alaró had been so fortified by the Byzantines that the site could afford refuge to several thousand people for more than five years. The situation was similar at the time of the Christian conquest in the early 13th century, when several thousand people again took refuge there for two years. Alaró had many installations for the purpose, such as mills (powered by animals), store rooms, shelters and adequate water supplies. Of these structures, only five cisterns, two stonelined springs and the remains of some foundations now survive. Most of the architecture that is still visible today dates from the early 14th and 15th centuries. In all four cases in which the rock castle with its large plateau fell to besiegers (902/3-908/909, 1229-1231, 1285, 1343), it was never as a result of military action but always because the defenders ran out of food or because they were ordered to surrender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of Saorstát Éireann (the Irish Free State) in 1922 did not herald a fundamental overhaul of the administrative machinery inherited from Whitehall and Dublin Castle. Path dependent continuities in legislation and executive orders underpinned the new dispensation. At the same time, a process of evolutionary change, which we call 'administrative greening', was underway. Drawing on data in the Irish State Administration Database (ISAD), and building on our analysis in Biggins, J., MacCarthaigh, M., & Scott, C. (2024). Priming the state: Continuity and junctures in the foundation of the Irish administration. Irish Political Studies, we explore these dynamics of both continuity and change in the formative years of the new state's public administration. In so doing, we attest to patterns of normative production and reproduction, illustrated with reference to a number of legislative and administrative examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the architectural evolution of the Castle of Rivoli during the 14th and 15th centuries, as revealed through castellania accounts. Topics include the castle's structural development through the addition of new sections, the division between the lord's palatial area and functional spaces, and the significance of towers for various purposes, including representation.

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Projekt-Management Aktuell is the property of Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH & Co.KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ABEI Journal: The Brazilian Journal of Irish Studies is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Estudos Irlandeses and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study examines an episode in the history of the Somlyó castle in Veszprém county in 1518. The trial of the unsuccessful claimant, János Gosztonyi, bishop of Győr, took several unexpected turns within a short period of time, among which two controversial protests of the Pannonhalma convent concerning the document they had transcribed, which the bishop wanted to use as evidence, should be highlighted. The first objection is peculiar in that it prohibits the use of an authenticated document in court proceedings, but the allegations in the explanatory memorandum seemed to implicate Gostonyi in the forgery of a document. In this context, I will briefly review the significance of the charge of charter forgery, examine the legal strategy subsequently pursued by the Bishop of Győr and his opponent, Cardinal Tamás Bakóc, and also seek to answer the question whether the charter transcribed for Gosztonyi was in fact an attempt to support a non-existent legal claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Seljuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies is the property of Selcuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The province of Alicante is an administrative unit belonging to the Valencian Community, one of the 17 autonomous communities that make up Spain, and it is located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Its historical vicissitudes have motivated the existence of many castles. All of them mark the province from north to south and from east to west. After losing their military and/or residential functions, many castles were abandoned and became ruins of reference in their landscape. Their recovery began without a defined use in the second half of the 20th century. However, the tourist development of the province of Alicante, under the Costa Blanca brand, has turned these castles into a first-rate cultural and tourist resource. In this way, many actions have been carried out on their cultural and tourist use to learn about the history of the places where they are. For this reason, the present work is committed to reflect on the new uses of these castles during the first quarter of the 21st century and the remains for their preservation.

Japan's construction of fortifications throughout its history has been a subject of scholarly interest. Japan has been building fortifications for generations, from Muzuki and stone fortifications at home to Japanese fortifications on the Korean peninsula. While it is commonly believed that the need for castle building in Japan emerged after the Battle of Baekgang, this paper suggests that Japan's sense of external tensions predates this event. Specifically, this paper examines the construction of defensive fortifications at Itojo and Onojo during the Tang Dynasty and its implications for Japan's relations with East Asia. Through an analysis of historical records and archeological evidence, this paper argues that the construction of Onojo may have begun as early as around AD 650, challenging the prevailing view in academic circles, which holds that Onojo was built after the defeat of Baekgang. By examining the development of Japan's relations with East Asia during this period, this paper sheds light on the geopolitical significance of Japan's construction of defensive fortifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When on September 21, 1933, faced with the sociopolitical barbarity experienced firsthand, Edith Stein began to write her autobiography, her first intention was to make known to the world the normality and humanity of a Jewish family by narrating the family memories of her mother. However, the text gradually took on the form of an autobiography. This represents a compilation, not coincidental, of the most significant memories for the author. Rereading her autobiography and epistolary legacy from her birth (1891) to her baptism (1922), our intention in this work is to look for those details that the author highlights and show us how God's pedagogy prepared her path of conversion. With this we intend to argue that her encounter with the Crucified responds to a vital process extended over time and not to a specific event of one night. It is a process, furthermore, in which the stealthy action of God's grace intervenes, competing with the response of the recipient. A path in which the metaphor of the interior castle dwellings exposed by Saint Teresa of Ávila could be reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Rájec nad Svitavou chateau there is a Flemish cabinet from the period from about 1650–1680 decorated with scenes from Ovid's metamorphoses. The cabinet comes from the former collections of the house of Salm. The provenance is attributed to one of the suppliers of the Forchondt family art dealership. This cabinet was the subject of a conservation treatment in 2020. During this intervention, various surveys were completed. One of them was a dendrochronological survey of the larch construction panel found at the bottom of the cabinet. The presence of coniferous wood in the structure, together with the found inscription from 1845, called into question the authenticity of the cabinet. Dendrochronology proved that the larch panel was entirely contemporary and came from the French Maritime Alps. The last datable annual ring from an annual ring series of over 200 years was dated back to 1651. The cabinet case is certainly not the product of nineteenth century repairs in Prague. The result of dendrochronology is clear evidence of the use of imported softwoods in the manufacture of cabinets in Antwerp. The material was probably imported for the manufacturing of ships for the Dutch fleet, and the leftovers were sold on the local market. It can be assumed that more examples like this will appear in the future and should not be surprising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress in geodetic survey and data collection technology has led to the development of highly precise tools and techniques that can efficiently gather large amounts of spatial data. As a result, there is an increasing demand for these technologies in various fields, such as archaeology and historical documentation, due to their ability to create and monitor accurate 3D models using computer programs. Regarding archaeological sites, it is important to survey, record and document archaeological monuments with high accuracy, especially in countries exposed to acts of sabotage resulting from wars and conflicts or highly exposed to natural disasters such as earthquakes, in addition to rising sea levels resulting from global warming. Therefore, accurate and complete digital documentation is a prerequisite for further analysis, interpretation and monitoring to predict any potential risk in the future. In this particular study, the historical sea castle in Sidon, Lebanon, was surveyed using GPS instruments, a 3D laser scanning device, and an aerial survey conducted by a traditional imaging drone. After the data was analysed and processed, two 3D models were created for the site. The model generated through terrestrial laser scanning exhibited a high level of accuracy compared to the model produced through aerial photogrammetry. However, by applying the ICP method with the Agisoft Metashape software, the accuracy of the aerial photogrammetric model was enhanced, resulting in a comprehensive 3D model that covers the entire castle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moonwort (Botrychium Swartz) is a genus of ferns found in high diversity in the Rocky Mountains of southwestern Alberta, Canada. These small, cryptic plants are thought to prefer disturbed areas, such as trail sides. However, this idea may result from survey bias toward accessible areas near trails, or greater ease of spotting these plants in barren areas. Castle Provincial Park and Castle Wildland Provincial Park (CCWPP) are 2 recently established protected areas within this global hotspot of Botrychium diversity. Prior to 2018, provincial and international databases included only 30 records of Botrychium throughout CCWPP. Therefore, their frequency in the parks and their habitat preferences are not well understood. We used new records from the Castle region plus online herbarium records to build a genus-level species distribution model (SDM) and surveyed 24 sites of varying predicted suitability at least 100 m from trails. We then used all known records, including new records gathered during vegetation surveys, to assess habitat associations of any Botrychium species found throughout CCWPP. Botrychium occurred in a wide variety of vegetation types, with some species limited to one vegetation type. Overall, most Botrychium occurrences were on south-facing slopes, in grassland vegetation, 10-100 m away from official marked trails. We discovered 7 new occurrences in surveys at least 100 m from trails. Although 6 of the 7 new off-trail occurrences were found at sites with >40% suitability, the SDM was not a significant predictor of Botrychium occurrence. Our results show that Botrychium occurs across a wide range of vegetation types, topographic conditions, and proximity to trails and there are likely many undiscovered populations in CCWPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shoho Castle Maps are maps of castle towns throughout Japan drawn by Kano School painters on the order of the shogun in 1644. The Shoho Castle Map of Takada, Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture was used to visualize local distortions in historical maps and to scrutinize the mapmaking process. A novel method, geographically weighted bidimensional regression, was developed and applied to visualize the local distortions of the map. Exaggerated expressions by mapmakers that have not been identified in previous studies were revealed. That is, in addition to the castle being drawn enlarged, the town where the merchants and artisans lived was drawn larger than the castle. Therefore, the Takada Shoho Castle Map reflects mapmakers' intentions, besides enlarging military facilities, which appear to have emphasized the pictorial composition of the map by placing the main gate to the castle at the center and drawing the map area evenly from the center in a well-balanced layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinoma showing thymus‐like elements (CASTLE) is a rare tumor that commonly occurs in the thyroid gland. Extrathyroidal CASTLE is rarer, and only 11 cases of CASTLE of major salivary glands have been reported to date. We report the first case of amyloid deposition in parotid CASTLE. A 63‐year‐old man presented with a slowly growing mass in the left parotid region. Computed tomography revealed an approximately 28 × 23 mm mass lesion in the left parotid gland, and squamous cell carcinoma was suspected on biopsy. The patient underwent a parotidectomy with neck dissection. Morphologically, the tumor cells were squamoid and formed nests with lymphoid infiltration. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells exhibited immunoreactivity for CD5, CD117/c‐kit and Bcl‐2, p40, and CK5 but not for p16. We diagnosed the tumor as parotid CASTLE. Amyloid deposition was also observed in the primary tumor and metastatic lymph node lesions, which were immunoreactive for cytokeratin 5. Tumor cytokeratin‐derived amyloid deposition may be one of characteristics of parotid CASTLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of research on bricks from medieval castles in north‐central Poland. They were characterised based on petrographic analyses of thin section and mutually complementary instrumental methods. The bricks came from the oldest parts of the castles preserved to this day, or from castles not preserved but examined and excavated during archaeological research. The data obtained allowed for the identification of building materials that shared similar material and technical properties and that can be associated with different phases of the castles. Based on the results, it was found that the Pleistocene tills commonly found around the castles were not used in the manufacturing of the bricks. Small local deposits of fatty clays were used—Pleistocene varved clays or Miocene variegated clays. The buildings differed in the composition and texture of their bricks, indicating that the local clay raw material was extracted for each building separately. The share of raw material brought in from larger exposures further afield was small. Analyses of brick samples indicate the use of a fatty clay raw material that was improved by the addition of clastic material (quartz sand or a mixture of sand and quartz silt of various fractions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The province of Alicante is an administrative unit belonging to the Valencian Community, one of the 17 autonomous communities that make up Spain, and it is located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Its historical vicissitudes have motivated the existence of many castles. All of them mark the province from north to south and from east to west. After losing their military and/or residential functions, many castles were abandoned and became ruins of reference in their landscape. Their recovery began without a defined use in the second half of the 20th century. However, the tourist development of the province of Alicante, under the Costa Blanca brand, has turned these castles into a first-rate cultural and tourist resource. In this way, many actions have been carried out on their cultural and tourist use to learn about the history of the places where they are. For this reason, the present work is committed to reflect on the new uses of these castles during the first quarter of the 21st century and the remains for their preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)