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3. The effect of resource provisioning and sugar composition of foods on longevity of three Gonatocerus spp., egg parasitoids of Homalodisca vitripennis

Author

Irvin, Nicola A, Hoddle, M S, and Castle, S J

Subjects
Anethum graveolens, Cicadellidae, conservation biological control, Eliminade, Fagopyrum esculentum, Gonatocerus, hemiptera, Homalodisca coagulata, honeydew, hymenoptera, Lobularia maritima, Mymaridae, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Vicia faba
Abstract

The effect of dietary supplements on the longevity of mate and female Gonatocerus ashineadi, G. triguttatus and G.fasciatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), was determined in the laboratory. Treatments included: water only, 3:1 honey-water solution, floral and extra-floral nectars from five different plants (excised stems from Fagopyrum esculentum, Lobularia maritima, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Anethum graveolens and Vicia faba), honeydew from Coccus hesperidum and Homalodisca vitripennis (formally H. coagulata), a commercially available food supplement (Eliminade) and citrus foliage. Additionally, the sugar composition of each food resource was determined using HPLC and whole flower extracts. Honey-water and F esculentum nectar significantly increased longevity of male and female G. ashmeadi, G. triguttatus, and G. fasciatus up to 1860%, 1323% and 1459%, respectively, when compared with water. For both sexes and all three parasitoid species, survival on citrus foliage, H. vitripennis excrement, and P. tanacetifolia flowers was equivalent to that on water only. The longevity of G. ashmeadi and G. triguttatits was up to 539% higher on Eliminade compared with water only, however there was no significant effect of Eliminade on survival of G. fasciatus. Coccus hesperidum honeydew increased survival times up to 665% for all mymarid species compared with citrus foliage alone. HPLC analysis indicated that food resources most beneficial to Gonatocerus parasitoids possessed a high proportion of glucose (up to 44%) and fructose (up to 53%), suggesting that sucrose may not be as important for parasitoid survival. Citrus and P. tanacetifolia flowers contained favorable proportions of glucose and fructose, but the inability of Gonatocerus spp. to benefit from this may be related to flower morphology which could prevent access to nectar. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

9. Understanding Contraceptive Failure: An Analysis of Qualitative Narratives.

Author

Frohwirth, Lori, Mueller, Jennifer, Anderson, Ragnar, Williams, Patrice, Kochhar, Shivani, Castle, S. Kate, and Kavanaugh, Megan L.

Subjects
CONTRACEPTION, HEALTH Belief Model, QUALITATIVE research, HEALTH literacy, SPOUSES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HEALTH behavior, WOMEN'S health, UNPLANNED pregnancy, SECONDARY analysis
Abstract

Most American women wanting to avoid pregnancy use contraception, yet contraceptive failures are common. Guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), we conducted a secondary qualitative analysis of interviews with women who described experiencing a contraceptive failure (n = 69) to examine why and how this outcome occurs. We found three primary drivers of contraceptive failures (health literacy and beliefs, partners and relationships, and structural barriers), and we identified pathways through which these drivers led to contraceptive failures that resulted in pregnancy. These findings have implications for how individuals can be better supported to select their preferred contraception during clinical contraceptive discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Acute study of dose-dependent effects of (-)-epicatechin on vascular function in healthy male volunteers: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Alañón, M. E., Castle, S. M., Serra, G., Lévèques, A., Poquet, L., Actis-Goretta, L., and Spencer, J. P. E.

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS\ud \ud There is convincing clinical evidence to suggest that flavanol-containing foods/beverages are capable of inducing improvements in human vascular function. However, whilst (-)-epicatechin has been tested for efficacy, a full dose-dependency has yet to be established, particularly at doses below 1 mg/kg BW. The current study examined the dose-dependent effects of (-)-epicatechin on human vascular function with concurrent measurement of plasma (-)-epicatechin metabolites and levels of circulating nitrite and nitrate species, NOx.\ud \ud METHODS\ud \ud An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover intervention trial was conducted in 20 healthy males with 4 treatment arms: water-based (-)-epicatechin (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg BW) and a water only as control. Vascular function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) measured at the brachial artery, laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis (LDI) at the subcutaneous capillaries of the forearm (response to Ach and SNP) and peripheral blood pressure (BP) at baseline, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h post-intervention. Plasma analysis of epicatechin metabolites was conducted by LC-MS and circulating plasma of nitrite and nitrate species were performed using an HPLC-based system (ENO-30).\ud \ud RESULTS\ud \ud Significant increases in % FMD were found to occur at 1 and 2 h following intake of 1 mg/kg BW, and at 2 h for the 0.5 mg/kg BW intake. There were no significant changes in LDI or BP at any time-points or intake levels. Increases in FMD over the 6 h timeframe were closely paralleled by the appearance of total plasma (-)-epicatechin metabolites. Non-significant changes in circulating NOx was observed.\ud \ud CONCLUSIONS\ud \ud Our data add further evidence that (-)-epicatechin is a causal vasoactive molecule within flavanol-containing foods/beverages. In addition, we show for the first time that intake levels as low as 0.5 mg/kg BW are capable of inducing acute improvements in vascular function (FMD) in healthy volunteers.

Published
2020

14. Perspectives on rehabilitation for Aboriginal people with stroke: a qualitative study.

Author

Kelly J., Dowling A., Hillier S., Brown A., Kleinig T., Goldsmith K., McBride K., Pandian J., Castle S., Thrift A.G., Kelly J., Dowling A., Hillier S., Brown A., Kleinig T., Goldsmith K., McBride K., Pandian J., Castle S., and Thrift A.G.

Abstract

Background. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereinafter respectfully termed Aboriginal) people have a greater incidence of stroke at a younger age than non-Indigenous people in Australia. The needs and preferences of Aboriginal people for rehabilitation and longer-term support remain largely unknown. Objective(s): To identify the long-term rehabilitation needs of Aboriginal people who have a stroke, from the perspectives of Aboriginal persons with stroke and health care providers. Methods. Aboriginal people who had experienced stroke in the previous three years were interviewed to obtain their experiences of rehabilitation care. Health professionals who provided care in each of six designated hospitals and nearby community health sites were involved in focus groups and individual interviews. Information obtained was thematically analyzed separately for Aboriginal people with stroke and health professionals, and compared using Nvivo. Results. Among six Aboriginal people with stroke and 78 healthcare providers, four main themes emerged: the importance of family; variable access to services; the impact of stroke on Aboriginal peoples' lives; and making positive choices. Communication and involvement of family was highlighted as essential for a shared understanding, particularly when making decisions about participating in short and long-term rehabilitation. Co-morbidities, conflicting priorities, and inadequate or inflexible services and transport compounded issues with changing life roles. Stories of resilience were also shared. Conclusions. Aboriginal people report making positive lifestyle changes, but experience significant unmet rehabilitation needs. Addressing issues of communication, advocacy and flexible delivery should improve some of the shortfalls in service provision, particularly in regional and remote areas.Copyright © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Published
2021

42. Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles

Author

Weinreb, S. M., additional, Mahajan, Y. R., additional, Yamazaki, S., additional, Yamamoto, K., additional, Ulrich, H., additional, Döpp, H., additional, Döpp, D., additional, Aggarwal, P., additional, Bebbington, M. W. P., additional, Lindsley, C. W., additional, Layton, M. E., additional, von Angerer, S., additional, Bohle, M., additional, Castle, S. L., additional, Hong, J., additional, Schwan, A. L., additional, Surman, M. D., additional, Hutchings, R. H., additional, Camp, J. E., additional, Meigh, J.-P. K., additional, Herr, R. J., additional, Borzilleri, R. M., additional, Tominaga, Y., additional, Smith, K. M., additional, Vicente, M. G. H., additional, and McKeown, N. B., additional

Published
2004
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43. Abstracts of Papers Presented at The International Workshop onBemisia Spp.: October 3–7, 1994 Shoresh Hotel and Conference Center, Shoresh, Israel

Author

Perring, Thomas M., Nelson, D. R., Buckner, J. S., Frohlich, D. R., Brown, J. K., Hong, W. Lei, Tjallingii, Freddy, Lenteren, Joop C. van, Rosell, R. C., Bedford, I. D., Markham, P. G., Guershon, Moshe, Gerling, Dan, Salas, Jorge, Mendoza, Omar, Cebrian, R., Carnero, A., Pérez-Padrón, F., Byrne, David N., Blackmer, Jacquelyn L., Rathman, Robin J., Kasterstein), Esther Weisz, Fasulo, Thomas R., Riley, D. G., Allen, J. C., Brewster, C. C., Paris, J. F., Summers, C. G., Riley, D. G., Naranjo, S. E., Ellsworth, P. C., Diehl, J., Dennehy, T., Flint, H., Carnerol, A., González-Andujar, J. L., Peterling, O., Helman, S., Rumei, Xu, Legg, J., Fishpool, L., Natwick, E. T., Toscano, N. C., Yates, L., Hendrix, Donald L., Steele, Terry, Bar, H., Weinberg, A., Mor, U., Oetting, Donald D., Schuster, David J., Stansly, Philip A., Shapiro, Jeffrey P., Duffus, James E., Harris, K., Esbroeck, Z. Pesic-Van, Hiebert, E., Abouzid, A., Polston, J. E., Liu, S., Pinner, M., Briddon, R. W., Brown, J. K., Bird, J., Wyatt, S. D., Antignus, Y., Adler, O., Perlsman, Melanie, Joseph, Rachel Ben, Cohen, S., Serra, C., Conception, S., Polston, J., Ortiz, M., Benoit, P., Klaassen, Vicki A., Boeshore, Maury, Koonin, Eugene V., Tian, Tongyan, Falk, Bryce W., Cohen, J., Gera, A., Ecker, R., Gokkes, M., Fauquet, Claude M., Sangare, Abdourahamane, Deng, Dalun, Fux, Charles, Beachy, Roger N., Scott, J. W., Schuster, D. J., Barten, J. H. M., Stevens, M. R., Thome, C. H., Chambliss, O. L., Muniyappa, V., Nateshan, H. M., Jalikop, S. H., Chennarayappa, Ramappa, H. K., Raccah, B., Cheek, S., Nordlund, Donald A., Legaspi, Jesusa C., Dean, D. E., Schelt, J. van, Meyerdirk, D. E., Hennessey, R. D., Wendel, L., Goolsby, John, Ciomperlik, Matt, Vecek, Don, Kirk, A. A., Lacey, L. A., Heinz, K. M., Contreras, M., Hoelmer, K. A., Brasch, Klara, Henter, Heather, Minkenberg, Oscar, Kaltenbach, John, Leonard, Catie, Malloy, Richard, Simmons, Gregory, Ziegweid, Katie, Rose, M., Zolnerowich, G., Hunter, M. S., Oster, Noga, Arno, Judit, Gabarra, Rosa, Steinberg, S., Prag, H., Carruthers, R., Fransen, J. J., Barash, I., Mor, H., Gindin, G., Ben-Ze’ev, I., Ben-Ze’ev, I. S., Peterkin, Dorothy D., Hall, Richard A., Horowitz, A. R., Ishaaya, I., Denholm, I., Cahill, M. R., Byrne, F. J., Devonshire, A. L., Henneberry, T. J., Castle, N. Prabhaker, Castle, S., Anthony, N. M., Constant, R. H. ffrench, Sachs, Y., Fehmy, M., Hegab, A. H., Moawad, G. M., Nichols, R. L., Chu, C. C., Watson, T. F., Davidson, Elizabeth W., Patron, Rufino B. R., Mitich, Dusan, Stansly, P. A., Liu, T. X., Veierov, D., Aharonson, N., Eliyahu, Miriam, Fenigstein, Annie, Kletter, E., Munthali, D. C., Berlinger, M. J., Mordechi, Sarah Lebiush, Ausher, Reuben, Diehl, J. W., Husman, S. H., Kravchenko, Vasilyi, Arnal, Eustaquio, Ramos, Fidel, Fridja, Devorah, Ferrentino, G. W., Caballero, R., Nicholson, W. F., Senn, R., Fluckiger, C. R., Puri, S. N., Bhosle, B. B., Fartade, M. K., Kolhal, R. N., Butler, G. D., and Gupta, G. P.

Published
1994
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44. Stroke incidence and subtypes in Aboriginal people in remote Australia: a healthcare network population-based study

Author

Balabanski, AH, Goldsmith, K, Giarola, B, Buxton, D, Castle, S, McBride, K, Brady, S, Thrift, AG, Katzenellenbogen, J, Brown, A, Burrow, J, Donnan, GA, Koblar, S, Kleinig, TJ, Balabanski, AH, Goldsmith, K, Giarola, B, Buxton, D, Castle, S, McBride, K, Brady, S, Thrift, AG, Katzenellenbogen, J, Brown, A, Burrow, J, Donnan, GA, Koblar, S, and Kleinig, TJ

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the incidence, subtypes and aetiology of stroke, and in-hospital death due to stroke, between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in Central Australia, a remote region of Australia where a high proportion Aboriginal people reside (40% of the population). We hypothesised that the rates of stroke, particularly in younger adults, would be greater in the Aboriginal population, compared with the non-Aboriginal population; we aimed to elucidate causes for any identified disparities. DESIGN: A retrospective population-based study of patients hospitalised with stroke within a defined region from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2014. SETTING: Alice Springs Hospital, the only neuroimaging-capable acute hospital in Central Australia, serving a network of 50 healthcare facilities covering 672 000 km2. PARTICIPANTS: 161 residents (63.4% Aboriginal) of the catchment area admitted to hospital with stroke. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of first-ever stroke, overall (all events) stroke and in-hospital death. RESULTS: Of 121 residents with first-ever stroke, 61% identified as Aboriginal. Median onset-age (54 years) was 17 years younger in Aboriginal patients (p<0.001), and age-standardised stroke incidence was threefold that of non-Aboriginal patients (153 vs 51 per 100 000, incidence rate ratio 3.0, 95% CI 2 to 4). The rate ratios for the overall rate of stroke (first-ever and recurrent) were similar. In Aboriginal patients aged <55 years, the incidence of ischaemic stroke was 14-fold greater (95% CI 4 to 45), and intracerebral haemorrhage 19-fold greater (95% CI 3 to 142) than in non-Aboriginal patients. Crude prevalence of diabetes mellitus (70.3% vs 34.0%, p<0.001) and hypercholesterolaemia (68.9% vs 51.1%, p=0.049) was greater, and age-standardised in-hospital deaths were fivefold greater (35 vs 7 per 100 000, 95% CI 2 to 11) in Aboriginal patients than in non-Aboriginal patients. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke incidence (both subtypes) and in

Published
2020

48. Community-Driven Metadata Standards for Agricultural Microbiome Research

Author

Dundore-Arias, J. P., primary, Eloe-Fadrosh, E. A., additional, Schriml, L. M., additional, Beattie, G. A., additional, Brennan, F. P., additional, Busby, P. E., additional, Calderon, R. B., additional, Castle, S. C., additional, Emerson, J. B., additional, Everhart, S. E., additional, Eversole, K., additional, Frost, K. E., additional, Herr, J. R., additional, Huerta, A. I., additional, Iyer-Pascuzzi, A. S., additional, Kalil, A. K., additional, Leach, J. E., additional, Leonard, J., additional, Maul, J. E., additional, Prithiviraj, B., additional, Potrykus, M., additional, Redekar, N. R., additional, Rojas, J. A., additional, Silverstein, K. A. T., additional, Tomso, D. J., additional, Tringe, S. G., additional, Vinatzer, B. A., additional, and Kinkel, L. L., additional

Published
2020
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