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Abstract: The screening for infection diseases in pregnancy by laboratory tests can reduce the risk of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of vertically transmitted infections: toxoplasmosis, HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, for the period November 2013 to May 2014. Descriptive study, the sample consisted of 175 pregnant women between 14 to 43 years, women who were discarded for Toxoplasmosis, Reaginic Antibodies by qualitative VDRL, HIV, hepatitis B (Anti-HBsAg Anti-HBsAg, anti-Core); hepatitis C (Total antibodies), through ultramicroELISA (UMELISA). The results showed 27.4% positive for Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, with 31.2% of these pregnant women having antibody titers of 1/512. Anti-HIV antibodies were positive by 0.6%. 99.4% showed Nonreactive VDRL. 38.9% were positive for antibodies against the hepatitis B surface antigen, the markers HBsAg and anti-Core were negative by 100%; 1.7% were positive for total antibodies against Hepatitis C. It is concluded that the screening of infectious diseases that represent risk factors for vertically transmission infections during pregnancy, is one of the most appropriate tools to diagnose these diseases and prevent maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Resumen: El despistaje de infecciones mediante pruebas de laboratorio permite disminuir el riesgo de morbimortalidad perinatales y maternas. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la presencia de infecciones de transmisión vertical: toxoplasmosis, VIH, sífilis, Hepatitis B y C, durante el periodo noviembre 2013 a mayo 2014. Estudio descriptivo, muestra conformada por 175 embarazadas entre 14 a 43 años, a las cuales se les descarto Toxoplasmosis, Anticuerpos Reagínicos por VDRL cualitativa, VIH, hepatitis B (Anti-HBsAg, HBsAg, anti-Core); hepatitis C (Anticuerpos totales), a través de ultramicroELISA (UMELISA). Los resultados arrojaron Anticuerpos Anti-Toxoplasma gondii positivas en 27,4%, donde el 31,2% de estas embarazadas presentaron títulos de anticuerpos de 1/512. Los Anticuerpos Anti-VIH resultaron positivos en 0,6%. El 99,4% mostraron un VDRL No Reactivo. El 38,9% tuvo un resultado positivo para anticuerpos contra el antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B, los marcadores HBsAg y Anti-Core resultaron negativos en un 100%; el 1,7% fue positivo para anticuerpos totales contra el virus de la Hepatitis C. Se concluye que el despistaje de enfermedades infecciosas que representan factores de riesgo de transmisión vertical en embarazadas, constituye uno de los medios más oportuno para diagnosticar estas patologías y prevenir la morbimortalidad materna e infantil.

Since 1953, The World Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) Member States have reduced the lead maximum limits (ML) in wines, down to 0.05 mg/L (2018). Evidently, this ML value is too restrictive for wine industry as it excludes from international market a significant portion of wine production. Currently, the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods and OIV had recognized the value of gathering robust and novel data to better assess the best lowest ML for wine industry. Currently, there is not a direct statement within international reference documents, of which chemical form of lead must be controlled and/ or reduced. This work presents for the first time a method combining Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies in order to determine presence and concentrations of major and trace elements of lead and other element moieties in wine that can allow to better redefine lead's ML. By identification of K, L, M, radiation shells with additional αβi labelling of lead's major and minor components with semi-quantitative XRF, combined with chemical-shift analysis of inorganic Pb4+, Pb2+ and/or organo-lead within wine samples, we propose a full discrimination framework to disentangle and quantify different chemical forms of lead.

Abstract: Nonfermentative Gram-negative Bacilli (NFGNB) are clinically a group of important bacteria due to their evident pathogenisis. With the objective of determining the frequency of the gender Pseudomonas, 206 samples of NFGNB from patients were evaluated at one of the main public health centers in Nueva Esparta state: the Central Porlamar Hospital , an Ambulatorio tipo III hospital in Salamanca (Asunción) and ae type 1 Hospitalo Juan Griego, during the period between January and April 2002. Of the total analyzed samples, 141 (68,4%) corresponded to the main species of the fluorescent group of the gender Pseudomonas and the 65 remaining samples (31,6%) corresponded to other NFGNB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent with 97,9%, followed by P. fluorescens (1,4%) and P. putida (0,7%). Of the different types of samples studied, it was found that the secretion of wounds from lesions in inferior members was the most frequent, in which the most frequent isolate species was P. aeruginosa, with 93,9%. Also, the highest percentage in isolates from the florescent group species occurred in the Intensive Care Unit (UTI) in the Porlamae Hospital. Resumen: Los bacilos Gram negativos no fermentadores (BGNNF) son un grupo de bacterias clínica- mente importante debido a su evidente patogenicidad. Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia del género Pseudomonas, se evaluaron 206 cepas de BGNNF provenientes de pacientes que asis- tieron a los principales centros de salud pública del estado Nueva Esparta: Hospital Central de Porlamar, Ambulatorio tipo III de Salamanca (Asunción) y Hospital tipo I de Juan Griego, durante el período comprendido entre enero y abril del año 2002. Del total de las cepas analizadas, 141 (68,4%), correspondieron a las principales especies del grupo fluorescente del género Pseudomo- nas y las 65 cepas restantes (31,6%) correspondieron a otros BGNNF. Pseudomonas aeruginosa fue la más frecuente con un 97,9%, seguida de P. fluorescens (1,4%) y P. putida (0,7%). De los dife- rentes tipos de muestras estudiadas, se encontró que la secreción de heridas provenientes de lesiones en miembros inferiores fue la más frecuente, aislándose en mayor porcentaje la especie P. ae- ruginosa, con un 93,9%. Asimismo, el mayor porcentaje de aislamiento de las especies del grupo fluorescente procedió de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) del Hospital de Porlamar.

RationaleAdolescent exposure to ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychotropic constituent of cannabis, might affect brain development, and in rodent models leads to long-term behavioral and physiological alterations. Yet, the basic pharmacology of this drug in adolescent rodents, especially when ingested via ecologically relevant routes like aerosol inhalation, commonly referred to as "vaping," is still poorly characterized. Moreover, sex differences exist in THC metabolism, kinetics, and behavioral effects, but these have not been rigorously examined after vapor dosing in adolescents.ObjectivesWe investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aerosolized THC (30 min inhalation exposure, 25 or 100 mg/ml) in adolescent Wistar rats of both sexes.MethodsLiquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of THC and its major metabolites was conducted on blood plasma and brain tissue at 5, 30, 60, and 120 min following a 30-min aerosol dosing session. Effects on activity in a novel environment for 120 min after aerosol, and temperature, were measured in separate rats.ResultsWe found sex-dependent differences in the pharmacokinetics of THC and its active (11-OH-THC) and inactive (11-COOH-THC) metabolites in the blood and brain, along with dose- and sex-dependent effects on anxiety-like and exploratory behaviors; namely, greater 11-OH-THC levels accompanied by greater behavioral effects in females at the low dose but similar hypothermic effects in both sexes at the high dose.ConclusionsThese results provide a benchmark for dosing adolescent rats with aerosolized (or "vaped") THC, which could facilitate adoption by other labs of this potentially human-relevant THC exposure model to understand cannabis effects on the developing brain.

Black carbon (BC) was characterized by three complementary techniques - incandescence (single particle soot photometer, SP2, at Parque Morelos), light absorption (cavity ringdown spectrometer with integrating nephelometer, CRDS-Neph, at Parque Morelos and Aethalometers at seven locations), and volatility (volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer, V-TDMA) during the Cal-Mex 2010 campaign. SP2, CRDS-Neph, and Aethalometer measurements characterized the BC mass, and SP2 and V-TDMA measurements also quantified BC-containing particle number, from which mass-mean BC diameters were calculated. Onaverage, the mass concentrations measured in Tijuana (1.8±2.6μgm-3 at Parque Morelos and 2.6μgm-3 in other regions of Tijuana) were higher than in San Diego or the international border crossing (0.5±0.6μgm-3). The observed BC mass concentrations were attributable to nighttime urban burning activities and diesel vehicles, both from the local (Baja California) and transported (Southern California) diesel vehicle fleets. Comparisons of the SP2 and co-located Aethalometers indicated that the two methods measured similar variations in BC mass concentrations (correlation coefficients greater than 0.85), and the mass concentrations were similar for the BC particles identified from nighttime urban burning sources. When the BC source changed to diesel vehicle emissions, the SP2 mass concentrations were lower than the Aethalometer mass concentrations by about 50%, likely indicating a change in the mass absorption efficiency and quantification by the Aethalometers. At Parque Morelos there were up to three different-sized modes of BC mass in particles: one mode below 100nm, one near 100nm, and another between 200 and 300nm. The mode between 200 and 300nm was associated with urban burning activities that influenced the site during evening hours. When backtrajectories indicated that airmasses came from the south to the Parque Morelos site, BC mass in particles was also larger (mass median diameter of 170nm rather than 155nm), consistent with the higher fraction of older diesel vehicles in the Tijuana fleet compared to the vehicles found in southern California. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.