Search

Written sources of the kingdoms of Castile-Leon describing processions and royal entries in the 11th-13th Centuries are not commonly found. The absence of such ceremonies makes it difficult to recognize the topography of power through remarkable buildings as well as the hierarchies among their ecclesiastical and secular participants. This absence prevented the kings of Castile and Leon from being seen publicly and visiting some iconic processional spots which provided the right atmosphere for the most solemn rituals in a medieval monarch’s life. King Alfonso VI’s entry into Toledo in 1085 set a new precedent put into practice by his successors during the Christian conquests of al-Andalus cities, which took place until the mid-13th Century. The transformation of the congregational mosques in the conquered cities provided a unique opportunity for victorious monarchs to display their power through the appropriation of urban spaces. The king’s central role in the ecclesiastical rituals of purification and the subsequent control over the fate of the most representative buildings allow these processions to be considered as spatial and ritual phenomena.

[EN] Written sources of the kingdoms of Castile-Leon describing processions and royal entries in the 11th-13th Centuries are not commonly found. The absence of such ceremonies makes it difficult to recognize the topography of power through remarkable buildings as well as the hierarchies among their ecclesiastical and secu-lar participants. This absence prevented the kings of Castile and Leon from being seen publicly and visiting some iconic processional spots which provided the right atmosphere for the most solemn rituals in a medieval monarch’s life. King Alfonso VI’s entry into Toledo in 1085 set a new precedent put into practice by his successors during the Christian conquests of al-Andalus cities, which took place until the mid-13th Century. The transformation of the congregational mosques in the conquered cities provided a unique opportunity for victorious monarchs to display their power through the appropriation of urban spaces. The king’s central role in the ecclesiastical rituals of puri-fication and the subsequent control over the fate of the most representative buildings allow these processions to be considered as spatial and ritual phenomena., [ES] No es común encontrar fuentes escritas de los reinos de Castilla y León que describan procesiones y entradas regias en los siglos XI-XIII. La ausencia de tales ceremonias hace que sea difícil reconocer la topografía del poder a través de edificios significativos, así como las jerarquías entre sus participantes eclesiásticos y seculares. Esta ausencia impidió que los reyes de Castilla y León fueran vistos en público y recorrieran algunos itinerarios procesionales emblemáticos que proporcionaban el ambiente propicio para los rituales más solemnes de la vida de un monarca medieval. La entrada del rey Alfonso VI en Toledo en 1085 sentó un nuevo precedente que pusieron en práctica sus sucesores durante las conquistas cristianas de las ciudades de al-Andalus, que se desarrollaron hasta mediados del siglo XIII. La transformación de las mezquitas congregacionales en las ciudades conquistadas brindó una oportunidad única para que los reyes victoriosos desplegaran su poder a través de la apropiación de los espacios urbanos. El papel central del rey en los rituales eclesiásticos de purificación y el posterior control sobre el destino de los edificios más representativos permiten considerar estas procesiones como fenómenos espaciales además de rituales

Since the end of the 13th c till the end of the 14th century is made a vast quantity of counterfeit coinage in Castille-Leon. In addition, some crown contenders minted coins with their name and we also know the imitation in France during the Fratricidal War. Based on legal aspects and known historical data, this work analyses the counterfeit currency and the way the forgery is made., Desde finales del siglo XIII hasta finales del siglo XIV se produce en Castilla y León mucha moneda falsa. Además, algunos aspirantes al trono fabrican moneda con su nombre y conocemos la imitación de moneda castellana en Francia durante la Guerra Fratricida. Sobre la base de los aspectos jurídicos y los datos históricos conocidos, el trabajo diferencia de estos casos la moneda falsa y analiza la forma en que se produce la moneda falsificada

This chapter on the relationship between kingship and nobility focuses on the kingdoms of Castile-Leon and Sweden during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It aims to describe research on kingship and nobility in these contexts—ones that seldom take part in the same scholarly dialogues—with a comparative analysis of the varied and shifting political circumstances of medieval European monarchies. In medieval Europe, representatives of monarchy and aristocracy vied for supremacy, often in open conflict. The aristocracy was granted legal exemption from royal taxation while the king secured high-profile military resources for his own ends. The recurrent periods of royal minority in Sweden and Castile were times when the nobility or aristocracy had the opportunity to implement their own political agendas. The chapter demonstrates that both Sweden and Castile share common traits with contemporary kingdoms in western and central Europe, and that a comparative perspective is profitable in order to make connections between seemingly disparate contexts.

Between 1158 and 1230 a frontier existed between the kingdoms of Castile and León because they were ruled by two different monarchies. On many occasions they were confronted in a war o distinct intensity and modality. Even after the reunification of both territories under the rule of Fernando III, the political frontier which has existed during half a century continued to mark the minds of many contemporaries. The royal chroniclers were not an exception to that rule, and they become immersed in a curious «double-movement» which carried them to work for the unification and harmonisation of both territorial entities and, on the other side, to underline their preferences for one or another side of the frontier. This article aims to explain the mechanisms and ideological arguments used by these «mental frontier» to manifest itself on the texts., Entre 1158 y 1230 existió una frontera entre los reinos de Castilla y de León al ser éstos gobernados por dos monarquías distintas. No fueran pocas las ocasiones de enfrentamientos, de distintas intensidades y modalidades, que se produjeron en dicho periodo. Incluso después de la reunificación de ambos territorios en la persona de Fernando III, las fronteras políticas que habían estado vigentes durante más de medio siglo siguieron marcando profundamente la mentalidad de muchos de los contemporáneos. Los cronistas de la corte regia no fueron una excepción a esta regla, y se vieron inmersos en un llamativo «doble movimiento» que les llevaba, por un lado, a trabajar en pro de la unificación y armonización entre ambas entidades territoriales y, por el otro, a marcar sus diferencias y sus preferencias por uno u otro lado de la frontera. Este artículo pretende examinar mediante qué mecanismos y argumentos ideológicos se manifestó esta «frontera mental».

The question to answer in this article is how some of the most powerful women of the Castilian-Leonese royal lineage were remembered, and also forgotten, in the High Middle Ages Castilian sources, both contemporary and subsequent. Also, how that memory was rooted in the documents that were written in the royal chancelleries, in the chronicles that narrated the great events of the reigns and also in the objects that belonged to those women. The aim of this article is to show some examples, built independently, case studies that can provide elements of analysis to a wider panorama., La pregunta que guía este trabajo es de qué manera algunas de las mujeres más poderosas del linaje regio castellano-leonés fueron recordadas, y también olvidadas, en las fuentes plenomedievales castellanas, tanto contemporáneas como posteriores, y cuál fue el arraigo de esa memoria en los documentos que se escribían en las cancillerías regias, en las crónicas que narraban los grandes acontecimientos de los reinados y en los objetos que les pertenecían. La intención de este artículo es mostrar algunos ejemplos construidos de forma independiente, casos de estudio que pueden aportar elementos de análisis a un panorama más amplio.

[EN] The question to answer in this article is how some of the most powerful women of the Castilian-Leonese royal lineage were remembered, and also forgotten, in the High Middle Ages Castilian sources, both contemporary and subsequent. Also, how that memory was rooted in the documents that were written in the royal chancelleries, in the chronicles that narrated the great events of the reigns and also in the objects that belonged to those women. The aim of this article is to show some examples, built independently, case studies that can provide elements of analysis to a wider panorama., [ES] La pregunta que guía este trabajo es de qué manera algunas de las mujeres más poderosas del linaje regio castellano-leonés fueron recordadas, y también olvidadas, en las fuentes plenomedievales castellanas, tanto contemporáneas como posteriores, y cuál fue el arraigo de esa memoria en los documentos que se escribían en las cancillerías regias, en las crónicas que narraban los grandes acontecimientos de los reinados y en los objetos que les pertenecían. La intención de este artículo es mostrar algunos ejemplos construidos de forma independiente, casos de estudio que pueden aportar elementos de análisis a un panorama más amplio

In this paper the vision on Castile and León that José maría Samper Agudelo presents in several chapters of his book Viajes de un colombiano en Europa (published in 1862), which he dedicates to this region, is analyzed. The Colombian author and journalist, after travelling for several years around Europe, makes a publication in five volumes, dedicated to the Colombian reader, in which he shows his impressions on the countries and societies he was visiting. These writings and others of the same author allow us to know his artistic interests, historical knowledge, and desires relative to the development of a society that he considered still oppressed by tradition but endowed with an aptitude for improving., En este trabajo se analiza la visión sobre Castilla-León que presenta José maría Samper Agudelo en varios capítulos de su libroViajes de un colombiano en Europa, publicado en 1862, que dedica a esta región. El escritor y periodista colombiano, tras viajar durante varios años por Europa, hace una publicación en cinco volúmenes, dedicada al lector colombiano, en que muestra sus impresiones sobre los países y sociedades que visitó. Estos escritos y otros del mismo autor permiten conocer sus intereses artísticos, conocimientos históricos y deseos relativos al desarrollo de una sociedad que veía aún atenazada por la tradición pero con capacidad de mejorar.