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A heterogenous expression characterizes arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). The evaluation of regional wall movement included in the current Task Force Criteria is only qualitative and restricted to the right ventricle. However, a strain-based approach could precisely quantify myocardial deformation in both ventricles. We aim to define and modelize the strain behavior of the left ventricle in AC patients with left ventricular (LV) involvement by applying algorithms such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), clustering and naïve Bayes (NB) classifiers.

Los años cuarenta del siglo pasado asistieron a grandes novedades en el Opus Dei. Unas decenas de miembros, aún sin aprobación oficial eclesiástica, dieron paso a dos mil socios y a una aprobación definitiva del Opus Dei por parte de la Santa Sede como instituto secular. Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer adaptó la estructura de gobierno a las diferentes figuras canónicas de la Obra, nombró a los varones y mujeres del Opus Dei que formarían parte de los diversos órganos de dirección, de los centrales a los locales, y explicó cuáles eran las principales características del gobierno en el Opus Dei. The forties of the Twentieth Century were years of great novelties in Opus Dei. A few tens of members united without an ecclesiastical approval became two thousand associates at the end of the decade with a final approval for Opus Dei by the Holy See as a secular institute. Josemaría Escrivá adapted the governance to the different canonical situations of the Work, appointed the men and women of Opus Dei for the central and local councils, and explained the main characteristics of the governance in Opus Dei.

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10.1080/09640568.2013.767782 The aim of this work is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of an environmental tax on Spanish products, based on their CO2 emission intensities. For this purpose, we apply environmental input-output (EIO) and price models. The short-term price effects of the introduction of tax on consumption prices, and its influence on consumers¿ welfare, are determined. We also quantify the environmental impacts of such taxation in terms of the reduction in CO2 emissions. The results, based on the Spanish economy for the year 2007, show that sectors with a relatively poor environmental profile are subjected to high environmental tax rates. As a consequence, applying a CO2 tax on these sectors increases production prices and induces a slight increase in the Consumer Price Index, and a decrease in private welfare. In general, our analysis highlights that the environmental and economic goals cannot both be met at the same time with the environmental taxation, unless there is a way in which the public revenues could be used to compensate those who are negatively affected by the tax.

10.1007/s11367-013-0584-2 Purpose The production of bioethanol in Argentina is based on the sugarcane plantation system, with extensive use of agricultural land, scarce use of fertilizers, pesticides, and artificial irrigation, and burning of sugarcane prior to harvesting. The objective of this paper is to develop a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the fuel ethanol from sugarcane in Tucumán (Argentina), assessing the environmental impact potentials to identify which of them cause the main impacts. Methods Our approach innovatively combined knowledge about the main impact pathways of bioethanol production with LCA which covers the typical emission-related impact categories at the midpoint life cycle impact assessment. Real data from the Argentinean industry subsystems have been used to perform the study: S1¿sugarcane production, S2¿milling process, S3¿sugar production, and S4¿ethanol production from molasses, honey, or sugarcane juice. Results and discussion The results are shown in the three alternative pathways to produce bioethanol. Different impact categories are assessed, with global warming potential (GWP) having the highest impact. So, the production of 1 kg of ethanol from molasses emitted 22.5 kg CO2 (pathway 1), 19.2 kg CO2 from honey (pathway 2), and 15.0 kg CO2 from sugarcane juice (pathway 3). Several sensitivity analyses to study the variability of the GWP according to the different cases studied have been performed (changing the agricultural yield, including economic and calorific allocation in sugar production, and modifying the sugar price). Conclusions Agriculture is the subsystem which shows the highest impact in almost all the categories due to fossil fuel consumption. When an economic and calorific allocation is considered to assess the environmental i

Objective of the study is to assess water consumption, energy and environmental performance of an experimental plantation of Populus spp. in short rotation forestry (SRF). The plantation is located in Girona, in north­eastern Spain, and covers an area of 1 ha and has been managed with two different scenarios, with a low density and a high density model. The evapotranspitation for two years of Populus spp. cultivation is 8,875 m3 ha-1 and the water 3 -1 -1 3 -1 -1 consumption has been 2,286 mhayr and 6,859 mhayr for low and high scenario, respectively. The energetic efficiency obtained is 11.18 and 6.84 and the environmental assessment shows a reduction of emissions of 10.16 g -1 -1 CO2 eq. MJ(low density) and 6.36 g CO2 eq. MJ(high density) in comparison with natural gas system. The anthropological pressure on the Ter basin is high and the introduction of irrigated crops would increase the pressure even more. However, water needed for growing SRF is lower than that one used for existing crops. Thus, cultivation of Populus spp. could be an alternative. In addition, the results of the analysis support that Populus spp. system is viable from an energy balance and environmental perspective for producing energy., Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 May 2010, Lyon, France, pp. 321-327

Mediante la aplicación de la metodología del Análisis del Ciclo de Vida es posible evaluar el impacto ambiental dela fase de construcción a partir de los materiales de construcción, transporte, energía, y la gestión de residuos. Por lo tanto, un caso de estudio de una construcción en Cataluña ha sido aplicado. Toda la masa de materiales usados durante el ciclo de vida de la fase de construcción fue determinado en 1.88E+03 kg/m2 del cual la estructura representa el 41%, cimientos 25% y cerramientos (exteriores e interiores) 11%. El total del impacto ambiental del cambio climático en la fabricación de materiales fuede 8.40E+02 kg CO 2-Eq/m2. El consumo de energía total fue de 2.88E+04 MJ (4% recursos renovables y 96% para recursos no renovables). Finalmente, comparando las diferentes alternativas de gestión de residuos muestran que el escenario de incineración es la mejor opción ambiental para la mayoría de categorías de impacto, a excepción de la categoría de uso de recursos donde la mejor opción es el reciclaje.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool has been applied to evaluate environmental impacts through the whole building life cycle. LCA has been carried out in accordance to the international standard of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. As a reference, an application of LCA has been made to a Catalan house located in Barcelona, Spain with a projected 50 years life span. In this work, construction, use (operation and maintenance) and end-of-life phases have been considered. The operational energy consumed during the dwelling period was modeled using a mix of electrical power for electrical appliances, illumination, heating and cooling; and using thermal energy from natural gas for domestic hot water and cooking. Result shows that the highest environmental impacts during the dwelling's life cycle took place during the use phase. The total impact of global warming potential was 4.52+01 kgCO(2)-Equiv. m(-2)a(-1) of which use phase accounted for 92% (operation 90% and maintenance 2%), construction represented 7% and end-of-life contributed less than 1%. Regarding the operation phase, cooling had the highest environmental burden with 33%, heating represented 9%, followed by illumination 26% and electrical appliances 19%. The other two household activities accounted for less than 12% (domestic hot water 9% and cooking 4%) of total phase. During the construction phase, the production of building materials represented about 97%, transport to the job site 2% and waste management 1% of total phase. The total primary energy demand was 5.26E+01 MJ m(-2) a(-1) (gross calorific value) of which non-renewable primary energy demand represents 78% and renewable energy demand 22%. In summary, data for a Catalan home has been provided to evaluate environmental impacts using LCA tool. Data have been modelled into the Gabi software system. Finally, LCA is a suitable tool to evaluate environmental impacts throughout all phases of the building life cycle.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool has been applied to evaluate environmental impacts through the whole building life cycle. LCA has been carried out in accordance to the international standard of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. As a reference, an application of LCA has been made to a Catalan house located in Barcelona, Spain with a projected 50 years life span. In this work, construction, use (operationand maintenance) and end-of-life phases have been considered. The operational energy consumed during thedwelling period was modeled using a mix of electrical power for electrical appliances, illumination, heating and cooling; and using thermal energy from natural gas for domestic hot water and cooking. Result shows that the highest environmental impacts during the dwelling’s life cycle took place during the use hase. The total impact of global warming potential was 4.52+01 kgCO2-Equiv. m-2 a-1 of which use phase accountedfor 92% (operation 90% and maintenance 2%), construction represented 7% and end-of-life contributed less than 1%. Regarding the operation phase, cooling had the highest environmental burden with 33%, heating represented 9%, followed by illumination 26% and electrical appliances 19%. The other two household activities accountedfor less than 12% (domestic hot water 9% and cooking 4%) of total phase. During the construction phase, the production of building materials represented about 97%, transport to the job site 2% and waste management 1% of total phase. The total primary energy demand was 5.26E+01 MJ m-2 a-1 (gross calorific value) of which non renewableprimary energy demand represents 78% and renewable energy demand 22%. In summary, data for a Catalan home has been provided to evaluate environmental impacts using LCA tool. Data have been modelled into the Gabi software system. Finally, LCA is a suitable tool to evaluate environmental impacts throughout all phases of the building life cycle.

Reseña de: Marco Roncalli, Giovanni XXIII. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, una vita nella storia, Mondadori, Milano 2006, 791 pp.

The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the environmental impact of tomato production in passive greenhouses and to identify the most relevant environmental issues. The LCA approach was used in this study. A tomato crop was cultivated in a steel-framed greenhouse; plants were grown in a closed-loop irrigation system in which the substrate was perlite bags. With the exception of the toxicity indicators, the main sources of environmental impact were fertilizer production and the process for manufacturing the materials used for the greenhouse structure and the auxiliary equipment, substrate, irrigation and recirculation equipment. The relatively short life span of plastic covered greenhouse structures and the minimal input of external energy involved in the production process are the most important factors related with the production process. The study compared the use of two cladding materials: rigid PC sheet with a lifespan of 10 years and flexible LDPE film with a life of three years. The types of cladding compared in this study (PC sheet and LDPE film) are not particularly relevant for environmental analysis.

Protected cultivation is aimed at obtaining higher yields by modifying and improving natural climatic conditions. In spite of the fact that Mediterranean horticulture is mainly based on low technology cold greenhouses, protected cultivation has a negative environmental impact. Nowadays, efforts are being made to improve the sustainability level of this cultivation system. This paper presents the adaptation of a known methodology, Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, to determine the environmental burdens associated with protected cultivation. LCA is a tool for assessing the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product or a system. It considers the entire life cycle of a product from resource extraction to waste disposal. According to ISO standardisation guidelines, an LCA study can be divided into four steps: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. In the goal and scope definition, the aim and the subject of an LCA study are determined and a 'functional unit' is defined, for instance, yield per square meter. In the inventory analysis, all extractions of resources and emissions of substances attributable to the studied functional unit are listed. In the impact assessment, the magnitude of the potential impact of individual substances within each impact category is determined. Impact categories correspond to environmental problems, such as human toxicity or ozone depletion. The final step in an LCA study is the interpretation of the results from the previous three steps, to draw conclusions and to formulate recommendations. This powerful tool can be used to identify the part of the whole production process in which the most important environmental damages are found and consequently apply the best technologies t

Protected cultivation is aimed at obtaining higher yields by modifying and improving natural climatic conditions. In spite of the fact that Mediterranean horticulture is mainly based on low technology cold greenhouses, protected cultivation has a negative environmental impact. Nowadays, efforts are being made to improve the sustainability level of this cultivation system. This paper presents the adaptation of a known methodology, Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, to determine the environmental burdens associated with protected cultivation. LCA is a tool for assessing the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product or a system. It considers the entire life cycle of a product from resource extraction to waste disposal. According to ISO standardisation guidelines, an LCA study can be divided into four steps: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. In the goal and scope definition, the aim and the subject of an LCA study are determined and a 'functional unit' is defined, for instance, yield per square meter. In the inventory analysis, all extractions of resources and emissions of substances attributable to the studied functional unit are listed. In the impact assessment, the magnitude of the potential impact of individual substances within each impact category is determined. Impact categories correspond to environmental problems, such as human toxicity or ozone depletion. The final step in an LCA study is the interpretation of the results from the previous three steps, to draw conclusions and to formulate recommendations. This powerful tool can be used to identify the part of the whole production process in which the most important environmental damages are found and consequently apply the best technologies t