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2. Genomic characterization of cocirculating Corynebacterium diphtheriae and non-diphtheritic Corynebacterium species among forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals, 2017–2019

Author

Xiaoli, Lingzi, primary, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Williams, Margaret M., additional, Lawrence, Marlon, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Aneke, Janessa S., additional, Pawloski, Lucia C., additional, Shil, Sadhona Rani, additional, Rashid, Mamun Or, additional, Bhowmik, Proshanta, additional, Weil, Lauren M., additional, Acosta, Anna M., additional, Shirin, Tahmina, additional, Habib, Zakir Hossain, additional, Tondella, M. Lucia, additional, and Weigand, Michael R., additional

Published
2023
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4. Changes in predominance of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of Bordetella pertussis Isolates, United States, 2000-2012

Author

Cassiday, Pamela K., Skoff, Tami H., Jawahir, Selina, and Tondella, M. Lucia

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Analysis, Analysis, Electrophoresis -- Analysis, Bordetella pertussis -- Analysis, Epidemiology -- Analysis
Abstract

Despite high coverage with Bordetella pertussis component-containing vaccines, the incidence of reported pertussis has been increasing in the United States, and notable pertussis outbreaks have occurred in recent years (1). [...]

Published
2016
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7. Reply to Schuhegger et al.

Author

Tiwari, Tejpratap S. P., Golaz, Anne, Yu, Diana T., Ehresmann, Kristen R., Jones, Timothy F., Hill, Hal E., Cassiday, Pamela K., Pawloski, Lucia C., Moran, John S., Popovic, Tanja, and Wharton, Melinda

Published
2008
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10. Novel Corynebacterium diphtheriae in domestic cats

Author

Hall, Aron J., Cassiday, Pamela K., Bernard, Kathryn A., Bolt, Frances, Steigerwalt, Arnold G., Bixler, Danae, Pawloski, Lucia C., Whitney, Anne M., Iwaki, Masaaki, Baldwin, Adam, Dowson, Christopher G., Komiya, Takako, Takahashi, Motohide, Hinrikson, Hans P., and Tondella, Maria L.

Subjects
Research, Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Research, Domestic cats -- Research -- Health aspects, Diphtheria -- Research, Cats -- Research -- Health aspects
Abstract

The clinical relevance of Corynebacterium diphtheriae recovered from a cat with otitis is poorly understood. Historically, humans have been thought to be its sole reservoir, and the few human cases [...]

Published
2010
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13. Genomic epidemiology of nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae from King County, Washington State, USA between July 2018 and May 2019

Author

Xiaoli, Lingzi, primary, Benoliel, Eileen, additional, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Aneke, Janessa, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Kay, Meagan, additional, McKeirnan, Shelly, additional, Duchin, Jeffery S., additional, Kawakami, Vance, additional, Lindquist, Scott, additional, Acosta, Anna M., additional, DeBolt, Chas, additional, Tondella, Maria Lucia, additional, and Weigand, Michael R., additional

Published
2020
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14. Investigation of a Large Diphtheria Outbreak and Cocirculation of Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum Among Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals, 2017–2019

Author

Weil, Lauren M, primary, Williams, Margaret M, additional, Shirin, Tahmina, additional, Lawrence, Marlon, additional, Habib, Zakir H, additional, Aneke, Janessa S, additional, Tondella, Maria L, additional, Zaki, Quazi, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K, additional, Lonsway, David, additional, Farrque, Mirza, additional, Hossen, Tanvir, additional, Feldstein, Leora R, additional, Cook, Nicholas, additional, Maldonado-Quiles, Gladys, additional, Alam, Ahmed N, additional, Muraduzzaman, A K M, additional, Akram, Arifa, additional, Conklin, Laura, additional, Doan, Stephanie, additional, Friedman, Michael, additional, Acosta, Anna M, additional, Hariri, Susan, additional, Fox, LeAnne M, additional, Tiwari, Tejpratap S P, additional, and Flora, Meerjady S, additional

Published
2020
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15. Detection and Characterization of Diphtheria Toxin Gene-Bearing Corynebacterium Species through a New Real-Time PCR Assay

Author

Williams, Margaret M., primary, Waller, Jessica L., additional, Aneke, Janessa S., additional, Weigand, Michael R., additional, Diaz, Maureen H., additional, Bowden, Katherine E., additional, Simon, Ashley K., additional, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Xiaoli, Lingzi, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Winchell, Jonas, additional, and Tondella, M. Lucia, additional

Published
2020
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18. Corynebacterium ulcerans in ferrets

Author

Marini, Robert P., Cassiday, Pamela K., Venezia, Jaime, Shen, Zeli, Buckley, Ellen M., Peters, Yaicha, Taylor, Nancy, Dewhirst, Floyd E., Tondella, Maria L., and Fox, James G.

Subjects
Identification and classification, Genetic aspects, Health aspects, Corynebacteria -- Health aspects -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects
Abstract

To the Editor: Infection with Corynebacterium ulcerans occurs sporadically throughout the world, and in the United Kingdom it has emerged as the most common cause of diphtheria-like disease (1). C. [...]

Published
2014

19. Respiratory Illness Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans, and Use of Diphtheria Antitoxin in the United States, 1996–2018.

Author

Otshudiema, John O, Acosta, Anna M, Cassiday, Pamela K, Hadler, Stephen C, Hariri, Susan, and Tiwari, Tejpratap S P

Subjects
DIPHTHERIA antitoxin, DIPHTHERIA, CORYNEBACTERIUM, RESPIRATORY infections, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, BACTERIAL toxins, POLYMERASE chain reaction, MICROBIAL sensitivity tests
Abstract

Background Respiratory diphtheria is a toxin-mediated disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria-like illness, clinically indistinguishable from diphtheria, is caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans , a zoonotic bacterium that can also produce diphtheria toxin. In the United States, respiratory diphtheria is nationally notifiable: specimens from suspected cases are submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for species and toxin confirmation, and diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) is obtained from CDC for treatment. We summarize the epidemiology of respiratory diphtheria and diphtheria-like illness and describe DAT use during 1996–2018 in the United States. Methods We described respiratory diphtheria cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) and C. ulcerans -related diphtheria-like illness identified through specimen submissions to CDC during 1996–2018. We reviewed DAT requests from 1997 to 2018. Results From 1996 to 2018, 14 respiratory diphtheria cases were reported to NNDSS. Among these 14 cases, 1 was toxigenic and 3 were nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae by culture and Elek, 6 were culture-negative but polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for diphtheria toxin gene, 1 was culture-positive without further testing, and the remaining 3 were either not tested or tested negative. Five cases of respiratory diphtheria-like illness caused by toxigenic C. ulcerans were identified. DAT was requested by healthcare providers for 151 suspected diphtheria cases between 1997 and 2018, with an average of 11 requests per year from 1997 to 2007, and 3 per year from 2008 to 2018. Conclusions Respiratory diphtheria remains rare in the United States, and requests for DAT have declined. Incidental identification of C. ulcerans -related diphtheria-like illness suggests surveillance of this condition might be warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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20. Notes from the Field: Conjunctivitis Caused by Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans — Missouri, 2018

Author

Weil, Lauren M., primary, Butler, Cindy, additional, Howell, Karla R., additional, Sharr, Sarah, additional, Paley, Grace L., additional, Huang, Andrew J. W., additional, Maamari, Robi N., additional, Pawloski, Lucia C., additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Acosta, Anna M., additional, Hariri, Susan, additional, and Tiwari, Tejpratap S. P., additional

Published
2019
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21. Investigation of a Large Diphtheria Outbreak and Cocirculation of Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum Among Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals, 2017-2019.

Author

Weil, Lauren M, Williams, Margaret M, Shirin, Tahmina, Lawrence, Marlon, Habib, Zakir H, Aneke, Janessa S, Tondella, Maria L, Zaki, Quazi, Cassiday, Pamela K, Lonsway, David, Farrque, Mirza, Hossen, Tanvir, Feldstein, Leora R, Cook, Nicholas, Maldonado-Quiles, Gladys, Alam, Ahmed N, Muraduzzaman, A K M, Akram, Arifa, Conklin, Laura, and Doan, Stephanie

Subjects
DIPHTHERIA, CORYNEBACTERIUM, POLYMERASE chain reaction, RESPIRATORY diseases, SYMPTOMS, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, EPIDEMICS, RESEARCH funding, BACTERIAL toxins, GRAM-positive bacteria
Abstract

Background: Diphtheria, a life-threatening respiratory disease, is caused mainly by toxin-producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, while nontoxigenic corynebacteria (eg, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum) rarely causes diphtheria-like illness. Recently, global diphtheria outbreaks have resulted from breakdown of health care infrastructures, particularly in countries experiencing political conflict. This report summarizes a laboratory and epidemiological investigation of a diphtheria outbreak among forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Bangladesh.Methods: Specimens and clinical information were collected from patients presenting at diphtheria treatment centers. Swabs were tested for toxin gene (tox)-bearing C. diphtheriae by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and culture. The isolation of another Corynebacterium species prompted further laboratory investigation.Results: Among 382 patients, 153 (40%) tested tox positive for C. diphtheriae by RT-PCR; 31 (20%) PCR-positive swabs were culture confirmed. RT-PCR revealed 78% (298/382) of patients tested positive for C. pseudodiphtheriticum. Of patients positive for only C. diphtheriae, 63% (17/27) had severe disease compared to 55% (69/126) positive for both Corynebacterium species, and 38% (66/172) for only C. pseudodiphtheriticum.Conclusions: We report confirmation of a diphtheria outbreak and identification of a cocirculating Corynebacterium species. The high proportion of C. pseudodiphtheriticum codetection may explain why many suspected patients testing negative for C. diphtheriae presented with diphtheria-like symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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22. Screening and Genomic Characterization of Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis

Author

Weigand, Michael R., primary, Pawloski, Lucia C., additional, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Ju, Hong, additional, Burroughs, Mark, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Davis, Jamie K., additional, DuVall, Marina, additional, Johnson, Taccara, additional, Juieng, Phalasy, additional, Knipe, Kristen, additional, Loparev, Vladimir N., additional, Mathis, Marsenia H., additional, Rowe, Lori A., additional, Sheth, Mili, additional, Williams, Margaret M., additional, and Tondella, M. Lucia, additional

Published
2018
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23. Sorotipos e perfis genéticos de cepas de Bordetella pertussis isoladas na cidade de São Paulo, 2006-2008

Author

Leite, Daniela, Cassiday, Pamela K., Tatti, Kathleen M., Vaz, Tânia Mara Ibelli, and Tondella, Maria Lúcia

Subjects
Latin America, eletroforese em campo pulsado, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, América Latina, pertussis, coqueluche, crise de tosse, lcsh:RJ1-570, whooping cough, sorotipagem, lcsh:Pediatrics, serotyping, Bordetella pertussis
Abstract

OBJETIVO: O conhecimento de Bordetella pertussis circulante na América Latina é limitado. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi usar a técnica da eletroforese em campo pulsado e a sorotipagem para caracterizar cepas de B. pertussis isoladas na cidade de São Paulo (SP). MÉTODOS: Este estudo, conduzido entre 2006 e 2008, analisou 652 swabs de nasofaringe coletados de casos suspeitos e comunicantes de coqueluche, provenientes de 37 hospitais sentinela de São Paulo. Foram realizadas as técnicas da eletroforese em campo pulsado e sorotipagem em 91 (70%) cepas de B. pertussis, escolhidas aleatoriamente. RESULTADOS: Noventa e sete por cento das cepas de São Paulo foram sorotipadas como Fim3. Foram identificados 14 perfis genéticos pela eletroforese em campo pulsado; o mais prevalente (57%) também é o mais prevalente nos EUA. CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados, em conjunto com ações da vigilância, podem ter um impacto nas estratégias de prevenção e controle de coqueluche na região, oferecendo informações úteis para a introdução de estratégias novas de vacinação e redução do risco de transmissão para bebês menores de 6 meses de idade. OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of Bordetella pertussis circulating in Latin America is limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and serotyping to characterize B. pertussis strains isolated in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This study, conducted between 2006 and 2008, analyzed 652 nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected pertussis cases and contacts, collected from 37 sentinel hospitals in São Paulo. Randomized samples of 91 (70%) strains of B. pertussis were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and serotyping. RESULTS: Ninety-seven percent of strains from São Paulo were serotyped as Fim3. Fourteen pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were identified; the most prevalent (57%) is also the most prevalent in the USA. CONCLUSIONS: These data, in conjunction with surveillance activities, may impact strategies regarding prevention and control of pertussis in the region, providing useful information for introduction of new vaccination strategies and reduction of risk of transmission to infants less than 6 months of age.

Published
2012

25. Risk Factors Associated With Bordetella pertussis Among Infants ≤4 Months of Age in the Pre-Tdap Era

Author

Curtis, Christine Robinette, primary, Baughman, Andrew L., additional, DeBolt, Chas, additional, Goodykoontz, Susan, additional, Kenyon, Cynthia, additional, Watson, Barbara, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Miller, Claudia, additional, Pawloski, Lucia C., additional, Tondella, Maria-Lucia C., additional, and Bisgard, Kristine M., additional

Published
2017
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26. The History of Bordetella pertussis Genome Evolution Includes Structural Rearrangement

Author

Weigand, Michael R., primary, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Loparev, Vladimir, additional, Batra, Dhwani, additional, Bowden, Katherine E., additional, Burroughs, Mark, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Davis, Jamie K., additional, Johnson, Taccara, additional, Juieng, Phalasy, additional, Knipe, Kristen, additional, Mathis, Marsenia H., additional, Pruitt, Andrea M., additional, Rowe, Lori, additional, Sheth, Mili, additional, Tondella, M. Lucia, additional, and Williams, Margaret M., additional

Published
2017
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27. Complete Genome Sequences of Four Different Bordetella sp. Isolates Causing Human Respiratory Infections

Author

Weigand, Michael R., primary, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Loparev, Vladimir, additional, Batra, Dhwani, additional, Bowden, Katherine E., additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Davis, Jamie K., additional, Johnson, Taccara, additional, Juieng, Phalasy, additional, Miner, Christine E., additional, Rowe, Lori, additional, Sheth, Mili, additional, Tondella, M. Lucia, additional, and Williams, Margaret M., additional

Published
2016
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28. Genome Structural Diversity among 31 Bordetella pertussis Isolates from Two Recent U.S. Whooping Cough Statewide Epidemics

Author

Bowden, Katherine E., primary, Weigand, Michael R., additional, Peng, Yanhui, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Sammons, Scott, additional, Knipe, Kristen, additional, Rowe, Lori A., additional, Loparev, Vladimir, additional, Sheth, Mili, additional, Weening, Keeley, additional, Tondella, M. Lucia, additional, and Williams, Margaret M., additional

Published
2016
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30. Clinical evaluation and validation of laboratory methods for the diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection: Culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and anti-pertussis toxin IgG serology (IgG-PT).

Author

Lee, Adria D., Cassiday, Pamela K., Pawloski, Lucia C., Tatti, Kathleen M., Martin, Monte D., Briere, Elizabeth C., Tondella, M. Lucia, Martin, Stacey W., and null, null

Subjects
*BORDETELLA pertussis, *WHOOPING cough vaccines, *IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *SEROLOGY, *DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Introduction: The appropriate use of clinically accurate diagnostic tests is essential for the detection of pertussis, a poorly controlled vaccine-preventable disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of different diagnostic criteria including culture, multi-target polymerase chain reaction (PCR), anti-pertussis toxin IgG (IgG-PT) serology, and the use of a clinical case definition. An additional objective was to describe the optimal timing of specimen collection for the various tests. Methods: Clinical specimens were collected from patients with cough illness at seven locations across the United States between 2007 and 2011. Nasopharyngeal and blood specimens were collected from each patient during the enrollment visit. Patients who had been coughing for ≤ 2 weeks were asked to return in 2–4 weeks for collection of a second, convalescent blood specimen. Sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic test were estimated using three methods—pertussis culture as the “gold standard,” composite reference standard analysis (CRS), and latent class analysis (LCA). Results: Overall, 868 patients were enrolled and 13.6% were B. pertussis positive by at least one diagnostic test. In a sample of 545 participants with non-missing data on all four diagnostic criteria, culture was 64.0% sensitive, PCR was 90.6% sensitive, and both were 100% specific by LCA. CRS and LCA methods increased the sensitivity estimates for convalescent serology and the clinical case definition over the culture-based estimates. Culture and PCR were most sensitive when performed during the first two weeks of cough; serology was optimally sensitive after the second week of cough. Conclusions: Timing of specimen collection in relation to onset of illness should be considered when ordering diagnostic tests for pertussis. Consideration should be given to including IgG-PT serology as a confirmatory test in the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) case definition for pertussis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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31. Molecular Epidemiology of the Pertussis Epidemic in Washington State in 2012

Author

Bowden, Katherine E., primary, Williams, Margaret M., additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Milton, Andrea, additional, Pawloski, Lucia, additional, Harrison, Marsenia, additional, Martin, Stacey W., additional, Meyer, Sarah, additional, Qin, Xuan, additional, DeBolt, Chas, additional, Tasslimi, Azadeh, additional, Syed, Nusrat, additional, Sorrell, Ronald, additional, Tran, Mike, additional, Hiatt, Brian, additional, and Tondella, Maria Lucia, additional

Published
2014
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33. Global Population Structure and Evolution of Bordetella pertussis and Their Relationship with Vaccination

Author

Bart, Marieke J., primary, Harris, Simon R., additional, Advani, Abdolreza, additional, Arakawa, Yoshichika, additional, Bottero, Daniela, additional, Bouchez, Valérie, additional, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Chiang, Chuen-Sheue, additional, Dalby, Tine, additional, Fry, Norman K., additional, Gaillard, María Emilia, additional, van Gent, Marjolein, additional, Guiso, Nicole, additional, Hallander, Hans O., additional, Harvill, Eric T., additional, He, Qiushui, additional, van der Heide, Han G. J., additional, Heuvelman, Kees, additional, Hozbor, Daniela F., additional, Kamachi, Kazunari, additional, Karataev, Gennady I., additional, Lan, Ruiting, additional, Lutyńska, Anna, additional, Maharjan, Ram P., additional, Mertsola, Jussi, additional, Miyamura, Tatsuo, additional, Octavia, Sophie, additional, Preston, Andrew, additional, Quail, Michael A., additional, Sintchenko, Vitali, additional, Stefanelli, Paola, additional, Tondella, M. Lucia, additional, Tsang, Raymond S. W., additional, Xu, Yinghua, additional, Yao, Shu-Man, additional, Zhang, Shumin, additional, Parkhill, Julian, additional, and Mooi, Frits R., additional

Published
2014
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34. Characterization of Corynebacterium Species in Macaques

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Division of Comparative Medicine, Fox, James G., Marini, Robert P., Buckley, Ellen Marie, Venezia, Jaime, Cassiday, Pamela K., Shen, Zeli, Peters, Yaicha, Taylor, Nancy, Dewhirst, Floyd E., Tondella, Maria L., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Division of Comparative Medicine, Fox, James G., Marini, Robert P., Buckley, Ellen Marie, Venezia, Jaime, Cassiday, Pamela K., Shen, Zeli, Peters, Yaicha, Taylor, Nancy, Dewhirst, Floyd E., and Tondella, Maria L.

Abstract

Bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium are important primary and opportunistic pathogens. Many are zoonotic agents. In this report, phenotypic (API Coryne analysis), genetic (rpoB and 16S rRNA gene sequencing), and physical methods (MS) were used to distinguish the closely related diphtheroid species Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and to definitively diagnose Corynebacterium renale from cephalic implants of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques used in cognitive neuroscience research. Throat and cephalic implant cultures yielded 85 isolates from 43 macaques. Identification by API Coryne yielded C. ulcerans (n = 74), Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n = 2), C. renale or most closely related to C. renale (n = 3), and commensals and opportunists (n = 6). The two isolates identified as C. pseudotuberculosis by API Coryne required genetic and MS analysis for accurate characterization as C. ulcerans. Of three isolates identified as C. renale by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, only one could be confirmed as such by API Coryne, rpoB gene sequencing and MS. This study emphasizes the importance of adjunct methods in identification of coryneforms and is the first isolation of C. renale from cephalic implants in macaques., National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant DE106937), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant T32- RR032307)

Published
2013

35. Corynebacterium ulceransin Ferrets

Author

Marini, Robert P., primary, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Venezia, Jaime, additional, Shen, Zeli, additional, Buckley, Ellen M., additional, Peters, Yaicha, additional, Taylor, Nancy, additional, Dewhirst, Floyd E., additional, Tondella, Maria L., additional, and Fox, James G., additional

Published
2014
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38. NovelCorynebacterium diphtheriaein Domestic Cats

Author

Hall, Aron J., primary, Cassiday, Pamela K., additional, Bernard, Kathryn A., additional, Bolt, Frances, additional, Steigerwalt, Arnold G., additional, Bixler, Danae, additional, Pawloski, Lucia C., additional, Whitney, Anne M., additional, Iwaki, Masaaki, additional, Baldwin, Adam, additional, Dowson, Christopher G., additional, Komiya, Takako, additional, Takahashi, Motohide, additional, Hinrikson, Hans P., additional, and Tondella, Maria L., additional

Published
2010
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44. Reproducibility of Bordetella pertussisGenomic DNA Fragments Generated by XbaI Restriction and Resolved by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Author

Hardwick, Terri H., Plikaytis, Brian, Cassiday, Pamela K., Cage, Gary, Peppler, Mark S., Shea, Deborah, Boxrud, David, and Sanden, Gary N.

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe intra- and interlaboratory variabilities of the molecular size measurements of each DNA fragment contributing to three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were assessed, as were the reproducibilities of the entire PFGE profiles for three Bordetella pertussisstrains. The major source of variability within a laboratory occurred between subcultures rather than within gels or between gels. Each PFGE profile was generated reproducibly and was objectively defined by the molecular sizes of its composite fragments. A strain or profile most suitable for use as an internal reference standard was identified.

Published
2002
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45. Analysis of Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulceransStrains Revealing Potential for False-Negative Real-Time PCR Results

Author

Cassiday, Pamela K., Pawloski, Lucia C., Tiwari, Tejpratap, Sanden, Gary N., and Wilkins, Patricia P.

Abstract

ABSTRACTDiphtheria surveillance depends on the rapid and reliable recognition of the toxin gene in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Real-time PCR is a rapid tool to confirm the presence of the diphtheria toxin gene (tox) in an isolate or specimen. We report that some toxigenic Corynebacterium ulceransstrains show atypical results in a real-time PCR for tox.

Published
2008
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46. Detection and Characterization of Diphtheria Toxin Gene-Bearing CorynebacteriumSpecies through a New Real-Time PCR Assay

Author

Williams, Margaret M., Waller, Jessica L., Aneke, Janessa S., Weigand, Michael R., Diaz, Maureen H., Bowden, Katherine E., Simon, Ashley K., Peng, Yanhui, Xiaoli, Lingzi, Cassiday, Pamela K., Winchell, Jonas, and Tondella, M. Lucia

Abstract

Respiratory diphtheria, characterized by a firmly adherent pseudomembrane, is caused by toxin-producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, with similar illness produced occasionally by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulceransor, rarely, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. While diphtheria laboratory confirmation requires culture methods to determine toxigenicity, real-time PCR (RT-PCR) provides a faster method to detect the toxin gene (tox).

Published
2020
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48. Pitfalls with Diphtheria-Like Illness due to Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans.

Author

Schuhegger, Regina, Kugler, Rudolf, Sing, Andreas, Tiwari, Tejpratap S. P., Golaz, Anne, Yu, Diana T., Ehresmann, Kristen R., Jones, Timothy F., Hill, Hal E., Cassiday, Pamela K., Pawloski, Lucia C., Moran, John S., Popovic, Tanja, and Wharton, Melinda

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, CORYNEBACTERIUM, DIPHTHERIA, CORYNEBACTERIACEAE, TOXICOLOGY
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented including one in response to an article about diphtheria-like illness due to toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans by T.S. Tiwari and colleagues, and a response by Tiwari and colleagues to the letter about their article.

Published
2008
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49. Bordetella holmesii Bacteremia Cases in the United States, April 2010–January 2011.

Author

Tartof, Sara Y., Gounder, Prabhu, Weiss, Don, Lee, Lillian, Cassiday, Pamela K., Clark, Thomas A., and Briere, Elizabeth C.

Subjects
RESPIRATORY infections, PULSED-field gel electrophoresis, BORDETELLA pertussis, PATIENTS
Abstract

We report the first investigation of temporally related cases of Bordetella holmesii bacteremia. Cases appeared during increased reporting of B. holmesii/Bordetella pertussis respiratory coinfection; whether B. holmesii respiratory and bloodstream infections are linked is unknown.We describe the first report of temporally related cases of Bordetella holmesii bacteremia. Demographic and clinical data were collected through chart abstraction and case-patient interviews. Twenty-two cases were identified from 6 states. Symptom onset dates ranged from April 2010 to January 2011. Median age of patients was 17.1 years and 64% had functional or anatomic asplenia. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of a sample of isolates were identical. These cases occurred during a peak in pertussis outbreaks with documented cases of B. holmesii/Bordetella pertussis respiratory coinfection; whether there is a link between B. holmesii respiratory and bloodstream infection is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

50. Global Population Structure and Evolution of Bordetella pertussisand Their Relationship with Vaccination

Author

Bart, Marieke J., Harris, Simon R., Advani, Abdolreza, Arakawa, Yoshichika, Bottero, Daniela, Bouchez, Valérie, Cassiday, Pamela K., Chiang, Chuen-Sheue, Dalby, Tine, Fry, Norman K., Gaillard, María Emilia, van Gent, Marjolein, Guiso, Nicole, Hallander, Hans O., Harvill, Eric T., He, Qiushui, van der Heide, Han G. J., Heuvelman, Kees, Hozbor, Daniela F., Kamachi, Kazunari, Karataev, Gennady I., Lan, Ruiting, Lutyńska, Anna, Maharjan, Ram P., Mertsola, Jussi, Miyamura, Tatsuo, Octavia, Sophie, Preston, Andrew, Quail, Michael A., Sintchenko, Vitali, Stefanelli, Paola, Tondella, M. Lucia, Tsang, Raymond S. W., Xu, Yinghua, Yao, Shu-Man, Zhang, Shumin, Parkhill, Julian, and Mooi, Frits R.

Abstract

ABSTRACTBordetella pertussiscauses pertussis, a respiratory disease that is most severe for infants. Vaccination was introduced in the 1950s, and in recent years, a resurgence of disease was observed worldwide, with significant mortality in infants. Possible causes for this include the switch from whole-cell vaccines (WCVs) to less effective acellular vaccines (ACVs), waning immunity, and pathogen adaptation. Pathogen adaptation is suggested by antigenic divergence between vaccine strains and circulating strains and by the emergence of strains with increased pertussis toxin production. We applied comparative genomics to a worldwide collection of 343 B. pertussisstrains isolated between 1920 and 2010. The global phylogeny showed two deep branches; the largest of these contained 98% of all strains, and its expansion correlated temporally with the first descriptions of pertussis outbreaks in Europe in the 16th century. We found little evidence of recent geographical clustering of the strains within this lineage, suggesting rapid strain flow between countries. We observed that changes in genes encoding proteins implicated in protective immunity that are included in ACVs occurred after the introduction of WCVs but before the switch to ACVs. Furthermore, our analyses consistently suggested that virulence-associated genes and genes coding for surface-exposed proteins were involved in adaptation. However, many of the putative adaptive loci identified have a physiological role, and further studies of these loci may reveal less obvious ways in which B. pertussisand the host interact. This work provides insight into ways in which pathogens may adapt to vaccination and suggests ways to improve pertussis vaccines.IMPORTANCEWhooping cough is mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis, and current vaccines are targeted against this organism. Recently, there have been increasing outbreaks of whooping cough, even where vaccine coverage is high. Analysis of the genomes of 343 B. pertussisisolates from around the world over the last 100 years suggests that the organism has emerged within the last 500 years, consistent with historical records. We show that global transmission of new strains is very rapid and that the worldwide population of B. pertussisis evolving in response to vaccine introduction, potentially enabling vaccine escape.

Published
2014
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