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The collection of articles presented in this special issue of "Multicultural Education" takes on an enhanced level of topicality and immediacy in light of the crossroads at which both multiculturalism and multicultural education find themselves in both the United States and the West generally. What can be taken from this collection is that the work of scholars investigating the interdisciplinary cross-fertilization of environmental education, sustainability education, and multiculturalism/multicultural education/multicultural teacher education can provide multiculturalists with intriguing avenues for creating a new multiculturalism for the 21st century.

This article discusses the contributions to this special issue of "Teacher Education Quarterly." At the core of all the contributions is the compellingly urgent realization that humanity is facing, and must deal with, enormous ecological and social problems and challenges. This situation has created an urgent and compelling need centered on how the future citizenry of the industrialized West will be prepared relative to addressing and dealing with these problems and challenges. As is pointed out by the authors in this special issue, science and technology--in and of themselves--cannot save humanity from the impending environmental disaster now closing in on it. What is required at this juncture in history is a transformation of a particular way of life that has resulted in planetary degradation and the wholesale destruction of natural environments and entire species. What is required is a fundamental transformation in support of the development of a new paradigm, a new lens through which the Western mind can adjust its view of society, education and learning, citizenship, and the nature of human habitation on Earth. There is no doubt that formal education has a role to play in this transformation from the standpoint of important shifts in broad cultural and individual attitudes and intellectual orientations. It is also clear that these shifts in attitudes and orientations are of critical importance because modern industrial-capitalist market economies carry value systems with them that tend to undercut forces and values associated with sustainable socio-economic structures and related principles of ecological intelligence. It is posited by the authors in this issue that modern industrial-capitalist market economic systems are not sustainable over the long-term and that this casts doubt on the survivability of the Western industrial civilizations tied to them--especially in light of the anachronistic intellectual tradition that currently shapes the world view of the industrialized West. They advance the idea that formal education is capable of exploring foundational social, cultural, and economic issues associated with the conceptual framework that currently dominates the American scene, as well as raising questions about the future of these deeply embedded--and now dangerously outdated--structural paradigms of Western civilization. They propose that the Western world needs a new cognitive and epistemological approach appropriate to a new time in history. This includes a 21st century educational structure that matches 21st century physical realities.

The neoliberal proposition that the "invisible hand" of the market is the most efficient and just mechanism for structuring economies, societies, and cultures has had a powerful impact on the nature and delivery of what have historically been considered as "public goods" in America, including social welfare services and public education. The mode of operation through which extensive and powerful networks of organizations dedicated to the prosecution of the neoliberal policy agenda and the ideological propositions and popular culture mythology that serve to support the conceptual frameworks that undergird them run counter to the realities of overarching social structures in America. In point of fact, these ideological and mythological tenets and images work to obscure these dispositive structural realities, many of which revolve around the operative dynamics of social capital networks and the ability of persons across a class structure to create and/or access such networks. Herein, we undertake an examination of how the resulting interplay of social structure, culture and individual agency lies at the heart of the process through which neoliberal propositions take on the aura of hegemony and become subject to sociocultural reproduction across generations.

This special themed issue of Multicultural Education is focused on an emerging paradigm shift that is meant to redefine the purpose of education. Utilizing theoretical foundations from systems thinking, ecological [...]

The neoliberal proposition that the 'invisible hand' of the market is the most efficient and just mechanism for structuring economies, societies, and cultures has had a powerful impact on the nature and delivery of what have historically been considered as 'public goods' in America, including social welfare services and public education. The mode of operation through which extensive and powerful networks of organizations dedicated to the prosecution of the neoliberal policy agenda and the ideological propositions and popular culture mythology that serve to support the conceptual frameworks that undergird them run counter to the realities of overarching social structures in America. In point of fact, these ideological and mythological tenets and images work to obscure these dispositive structural realities, many of which revolve around the operative dynamics of social capital networks and the ability of persons across a class structure to create and/or access such networks. Herein, we undertake an examination of how the resulting interplay of social structure, culture and individual agency lies at the heart of the process through which neoliberal propositions take on the aura of hegemony and become subject to sociocultural reproduction across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty-six practicing physicians and 357 patients with diabetes mellitus or congestive heart failure were the subjects for this study, which focuses on the impact of medication regimen and doctor-patient communication in affecting patient medication-taking behavior and physician awareness of these behaviors. Four types of medication errors were defined: omissions, commissions, scheduling misconceptions and scheduling non-compliance. The average error rates were 19 per cent, 19 per cent, 17 per cent and 3 per cent, respectively. The combined average error was 58 per cent; scheduling non-compliance on the part of the patient was a minor component. Specific aspects of the medication regimen were associated with increased errors: (1) the more drugs involved between the doctor-patient pair, the greater the errors of omission and commission; and (2) the greater the complexity of the scheduling, the greater the errors of commission and scheduling misconceptions. If the patient did not know the function of all his drugs, errors of commission and scheduling misconception increased. Neither characteristics of patients nor the severity of disease were influential in determining the extent of medication errors. For patients with congestive heart failure, good communication of instructions and information from physician to patient was associated with low levels of all types of errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the first business meeting of the 93rd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Mental Deficiency in the Rolston Room, Sheraton Palace Hotel in San Francisco, California on May 14, 1969. The meeting was organized as ordered by the president of the Council, Richard Koch. The abstract of the first four Council meetings is presented.

The article presents the Financial Report submitted by the Secretary-Treasurer to the American Association on Mental Deficiency Inc. for the Fiscal Year, April 1, 1964 to March 31, 1965. The Report is presented under the following headings, including the Statement of Income and Expenses, Statements of Financial Condition, Statement of Revenue and Other Receipts, and other related headings.

Information about the sixth council meeting of American Association on Mental Deficiency is presented. The Budget report was read and discussed by the executive director of the group, Glenn E. Milligan. The estimated budget for 1964 to 1965 was presented by the fellow member of the organization John T. Cassell. Major concerns about the budget was brought up in the council. Lengthy discussion about different issues happened during the meeting.

Information about the fifth council meeting of American Association on Mental Deficiency is presented. A member of the organization, Louis Belinson, commented on the report passed concerning the committee of the manual for the state residential institution for mentally retarded by stating that the committee was created after the manual was issued and had its purpose of receiving suggestions and recommendations that may heighten the need for changes. A Congress in Copenhagen was also discussed.

Information about the third council meeting of the American Association on Mental Deficiency is presented. The meeting started with the forwarding of reports to the organization president head. A resolution calling for the meaningful orientation of physicians about mental retardation was presented. Another issue was raised concerning the sub-sectioning of nursing in the section of medicine. Among the members who attended the meeting are Isaac N. Wolfson, Horace Mann and Harris Kahn.

Information about the second council meeting of American Association on Mental Deficiency is presented. Organization member, I. Ignacy Goldberg, presented several motions to the council and he moved that an appropriation budget be allocated to the Section on Education. The retirement of a member of the organization was also announced in the meeting. Among the members who were present in the meeting are the president, George L. Wadsworth, fellow members William Sloan and Irene M. Dunn.

The article offers information about the minutes of the sixth council meeting of the American Association of Mental Deficiency which was held on May 23, 1963 at the Portland-Hilton Hotel in Portland, Oregon. The publication of the book "Prologue Mental Retardation," by Mildred Thompson was announced during the meeting. Also presented during the meeting are the associations proposed budget and reforms.

The article offers information about the minutes of the first council meeting of the American Association of Mental Deficiency which was held on May 20, 1963 at the New Heathman Hotel in Portland, Oregon. The meeting features the nomination of the organizations' committee vacancy. The topics president as well as the speakers of the event is presented in the article.

The article presents reports of the Secretary-Treasurer and Assistant Secretary-Treasurer of the American Association on Mental Deficiency Inc. on Council deliberations and business meetings in Dallas, Texas from April 14-19, 1958. Minutes of the meetings of the Executive Council, of the Administrative Board of the Committee on Research, Professional Training and Program Planning and of the Saturday luncheon meeting are provided.

The article explores the enforcement of an on-the-job training program for the institutionalized mentally retarded individuals in the U.S. The author states that institutional on-the-job training program should emphasize the development of desirable methods of behavior rather than the mastery of specific vocational skills. In addition, the author recommends that the program should be viewed in proper relation to more essential objectives with wider applicability.

The article presents a survey on the major problems and concerns affecting the education of mentally retarded children in public and private residential schools and public day schools in the U.S. The author employed a combination ranking-open end questionnaire in assessing the problems of the schools. The author cited the common problems of the schools that were ranked in order. The shortage of trained personnel and lack of teacher training facilities are the top concerns of such schools.

The article reports on the Second Council Meeting called by Harvey A. Stevens, president of the American Association on Mental Deficiency. This meeting was held in the Pan American Room of the Americana Hotel, Bal Harbour, Florida last June 7, 1965. Present members of Council include Stevens and several doctors, including doctor Harvey Dingman, doctor Glenn E. Milligan, and doctor Wesley White.

The article reports on the Second Business Meeting called by Harvey A. Stevens, president of the American Association on Mental deficiency. This meeting was held in the Floridian Room, Americana Hotel, Bal Harbour, Florida last June 11, 1965. Stevens announced that the Association has entered into an employment agreement with John J. Noone of Washington D.C.

The article reports on the Fifth Council Meeting called by Harvey A. Stevens, president of the American Association on Mental Deficiency. This meeting was held in the Pan American Room, Americana Hotel, Bal Harbour, Florida last June 10, 1965. Stevens called on Howard Potter for the report of the Special Committee for the Selection of an Executive Director.

The article reports on the First Business Meeting of the American Association on Mental Deficiency that was called by Harvey A. Stevens, president of the association. This meeting was held in the Ballroom of the Americana Hotel, Bal Harbour, Florida last June 9, 1965. The council appointed that a Regional Affairs Committee shall be comprised of five members.

The article reports on the Fourth Council Meeting called by Harvey A. Stevens, president of the American Association on Mental Deficiency. This meeting was held in the Pan American Room, Americana Hotel, Bal Harbour, Florida last June 8, 1965. Ray C. Philips, Local Arrangements Chairman, reported on the activities of the Local Arrangements Committee, regarding to their attendance, number of exhibits, hospitality room and other related concerns.

The article offers information about the minutes of the third business meeting of the American Association of Mental Deficiency which was held on May 24, 1963 at the Portland-Hilton Hotel in Portland, Oregon. Van R. Hinkle present the Report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws as well as the proposed changes in the By-Laws. The report on the budget and recommendation was also included in the meeting.

The article offers information about the minutes of the fourth council meeting of the American Association of Mental Deficiency which was held on May 21, 1963 at Portland-Hilton Hotel in Portland, Oregon. The reports of the Committee on Research was presented during meeting. the proposed changes of the membership of the organization was read by Van Hinkle. Also, William Sloan, president of the organization had expressed his gratitude for the fine work done by the planning board.

The article offers information about the minutes of the third council meeting of the American Association of Mental Deficiency (AAMD) which was held on May 21, 1963 at the Hilton Hotel in Portland, Oregon. The reports of the Convention Committee was read offering a recommendation that the 1968 Convention of the AAMD be held in Boston, Massachusetts. The recommendations of the Report of Committee on Constitution and By-Laws was also considered.