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The structure of the Escherichia colichromosome is inherently dynamic over the duration of the cell cycle. Genetic loci undergo both stochastic motion around their initial positions and directed motion to opposite poles of the rod-shaped cell during segregation. We developed a quantitative method to characterize cell-cycle dynamics of the E. colichromosome to probe the chromosomal steady-state mobility and segregation process. By tracking fluorescently labeled chromosomal loci in thousands of cells throughout the entire cell cycle, our method allows for the statistical analysis of locus position and motion, the step-size distribution for movement during segregation, and the locus drift velocity. The robust statistics of our detailed analysis of the wild-type E. colinucleoid allow us to observe loci moving toward midcell before segregation occurs, consistent with a replication factory model. Then, as segregation initiates, we perform a detailed characterization of the average segregation velocity of loci. Contrary to origin-centric models of segregation, which predict distinct dynamics for oriC-proximal versus oriC-distal loci, we find that the dynamics of loci were universal and independent of genetic position.

The article discusses ways to incorporate nutrition into the spa mix in order to provide clients with a complete spa experience. As part of their service mix, many spas today are partnering with nutritionists and offering nutritional counseling. Serving healthy snacks and lunches in the spa is another way of incorporating nutrition in the spa experience. Spa retail in the form of whole food cookbooks, essential oils and whole food supplements is another option. Also included are recipes for Radicchio & Endive Salad and Carob Shake.

The article discusses the process of starting a spa business. A plan will serve as a guide that will predict the future of the business. The key areas should be identified before starting up, starting from the target audience down to the operations. The demographics of the guests should be identified including the location and size of the establishment. Everything from sales, management and operations should be planned to have a smooth process in putting up the business.

The article provides insights for spa executives on how to implement quality customer service. The authors stress the benefit of investing in staff training about how to appropriately service clients. They also advise executives to set standards for each and every instance where the team interacts with customers. Also recommended is the creation of a customer service checklist for staff that informs them about how to deal with the customer outside the treatment room.

The article offers a list of the factors that are important to the success of a spa. It states that a prudent spa operator may want to know the amount of profit and also the percentage of the profit in relation to the revenue. Labor cost is the single biggest expense that one will ever have in a spa. Pursuing a guest's opinion and feedback can be a helpful process in one's quest for constant improvement.

Muscle function within an organism depends on the feedback between molecular and meter-scale processes. Although the motions of muscle's contractile machinery are well described in isolated preparations, only a handful of experiments have documented the kinematics of the lattice occurring when multi-scale interactions are fully intact. We used time-resolved X-ray diffraction to record the kinematics of the myofilament lattice within a normal operating context: the tethered flight of Manduca sexta. As the primary flight muscles of M.sextaare synchronous, we used these results to reveal the timing of in vivocross-bridge recruitment, which occurred 24 ms (s.d. 26) following activation. In addition, the thick filaments stretched an average of 0.75% (s.d. 0.32) and thin filaments stretched 1.11% (s.d. 0.65). In contrast to other in vivopreparations, lattice spacing changed an average of 2.72% (s.d. 1.47). Lattice dilation of this magnitude significantly affects shortening velocity and force generation, and filament stretching tunes force generation. While the kinematics were consistent within individual trials, there was extensive variation between trials. Using a mechanism-free machine learning model we searched for patterns within and across trials. Although lattice kinematics were predictable within trials, the model could not create predictions across trials. This indicates that the variability we see across trials may be explained by latent variables occurring in this naturally functioning system. The diverse kinematic combinations we documented mirror muscle's adaptability and may facilitate its robust function in unpredictable conditions.