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BackgroundPrior studies suggested that air pollution exposure may increase the risk of Parkinson's Disease (PD). We investigated the long-term impacts of traffic-related and multiple sources of particulate air pollution on PD in central California.MethodsOur case-control analysis included 761 PD patients and 910 population controls. We assessed exposure at residential and occupational locations from 1981 to 2016, estimating annual average carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations - a traffic pollution marker - based on the California Line Source Dispersion Model, version 4. Additionally, particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations were based on a nationwide geospatial chemical transport model. Exposures were assessed as 10-year averages with a 5-year lag time prior to a PD diagnosis for cases and an interview date for controls, subsequently categorized into tertiles. Logistic regression models were used, adjusting for various factors.ResultsTraffic-related CO was associated with an increased odds ratio for PD at residences (OR for T3 vs. T1: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.10; p-trend = 0.02) and workplaces (OR for T3 vs. T1: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.00; p-trend

Neutropenic sepsis (NS) is one of the leading causes of death among patients with hematologic malignancies. Identifying its predictive factors is fundamental for early detection. Few studies have evaluated the predictive factors in relation to microbial infection confirmation, which is clinically important for initiating sepsis treatment. This study aimed to determine whether selected biomarkers (i.e., body temperature, C-reactive protein, albumin, procalcitonin), treatment-related characteristics (i.e., diagnosis, duration of neutropenia, treatment modality), and infection-related characteristics (i.e., infection source, causative organisms) can predict NS in patients with hematologic malignancies. We also aimed to identify the optimal predictive cutoff points for these parameters. This retrospective case–control study used the data from a total of 163 patients (58 in the sepsis group and 105 in the non-sepsis group). We collected data with reference to the day of specimen collection, with which microbial infection was confirmed. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine predictive risk factors and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic for the optimal predictive cutoff points. The independent predictors of NS were average body temperature during a fever episode and procalcitonin level. The odds for NS rose by 9.97 times with every 1°C rise in average body temperature (95% confidence interval, CI [1.33, 75.05]) and by 2.09 times with every 1 ng/mL rise in the procalcitonin level (95% CI [1.08, 4.04]). Average body temperature (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI [0.68, 0.87]) and procalcitonin levels (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI [0.59, 0.84]) have fair accuracy for predicting NS, with the optimal cutoff points of 37.9°C and 0.55 ng/mL, respectively. This study found that average body temperature during a fever episode and procalcitonin are useful in predicting NS. Thus, nurses should carefully monitor body temperature and procalcitonin levels in patients with hematologic malignancies to detect the onset of NS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remnant cholesterol (RC), a key indicator of dyslipidemia, has been validated as a contributing factor to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, both of which are closely associated with kidney stones (KS). This study aimed to investigate the association between RC and the risk of KS in Chinese adults. A total of 8,576 KS cases (mean age 55.87, 69.37% male) and 137,523 controls (mean age 54.57, 51.62% male) were included in this case-control study. RC was calculated using the formula: RC = TC-HDL-LDL. KS was ascertained with ultrasound by well-trained physicians. Multivariable logistic and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to investigate the relationship between RC and KS. A total of 146,099 subjects (weighted mean age 54.64 years and 52.66% male) were included with mean RC = 0.8 for controls and RC = 0.72 for KS cases (P < 0.001). The multivariable-adjusted OR for KS occurrence across consecutive quartiles was 1.00 (reference), 1.05 (0.98–1.12), 1.15 (1.07–1.22), and 1.44 (1.35–1.53), respectively. Moreover, each standard deviation increment of RC was associated with a 15% (OR:1.15, 95% CI: 1.12–1.19) higher risk of KS occurrence. RCS showed significant and linear dose-response relationships between RC and KS occurrence (P-overall < 0.001, P-nonlinear = 0.270). The positive associations between RC and KS risk persisted in sensitivity analyses, suggesting the robustness of the results. In this case-control study of Chinese adults, elevated RC was associated with the occurrence of KS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium species and is a global burden. When not treated correctly, it can reemerge as a relapse or recrudescence. Malaria relapse cases can contribute to maintaining active transmission chains and can influence the patient to develop severe malaria, potentially leading to hospitalization or death. The objective of this study is to estimate the number of malaria relapse cases in the extra-Amazon region of Brazil and to investigate the associated factors. Methods: This is a case–control study that analyses malaria infections caused by Plasmodium vivax, as reported in Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) for the Brazilian extra-Amazon region (an area not endemic for the disease) from 2008 to 2019. For the identification of relapse cases, deduplication record linkage processes in R software were used. Malaria relapses were defined as the case group, and new malaria infections were defined as the control group. Logistic regression models were used to assess associated factors. Results: Of the 711 malaria relapses, 589 (82.8%) were first relapses. Most relapses (71.6%) occurred between 30 and 120 days after the previous infection. Malaria relapses are spread throughout the extra-Amazon region, with a higher concentration near big cities. Driver occupation was found to be a common risk factor compared to other occupations, along with asymptomatic individuals. Other associated factors were: being infected in the Brazilian Amazon region, having follow-ups for malaria relapses, and having parasite density of the previous infection higher than 10,000 parasites per mm3. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that allows malaria health surveillance services to direct their efforts to monitor cases of malaria in the highest risk segments identified in this study, particularly in the period between 30 and 120 days after being infected and treated. Relapses were associated to driver occupation, absence of symptoms, infection in endemic areas of Brazil, being detected through active surveillance or routine follow-up actions, and with parasitaemia greater than 10,000 parasites per mm3 in the previous infection. Improving cases follow-up is essential for preventing relapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Iran, not only the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing but also the age of patients at diagnosis is alarmingly dropping. We need urgent actions to better understand the epidemiology of CRC and the contributing factors for such pattern in Iranian population. The aim of our study was to determine the potential contribution of lifestyle, including dietary pattern, to CRC in a large Iranian province. Methods: A hospital based case-control study was performed on 572 participants (275 cases and 297 controls). Patients in the case group were newly diagnosed with CRC in a referral hospital and patients in the control group were selected from those patients with non-malignancy diseases who were admitted to the same hospital. Control group was frequency matched to the case group for gender and age. Results: Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, direct associations were observed between usual pattern of defecation (OR> 3rd /every day =4.74, 95% CI: 1.78–12.59), chicken consumption (ORsometimes or always/occasionally = 6.33, 95% CI:3.23–12.43), family history of CRC (ORyes/no =5.79, 95% CI: 2.72–12.31), and alcohol consumption (ORyes/no =6.03, 95% CI: 2.14–16.98) with the odds of CRC among the study population. On the other hand, taking multivitamins (ORyes/no=0.09, 95% CI:0.04–0.20), consumption of coffee (ORalways/occasionally =0.29, 95% CI: 0.12–0.69), taking vitamins D supplement (ORyes/no =0.38,95% CI:0.22–0.66), and consumption of garlic (ORsometimes/occasionally =0.53,95% CI: 0.30–0.95) significantly reduced the odds of CRC. Conclusions: We revealed potentially significant effects of several lifestyle related factors with CRC risk in Iranian population. More studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of the associated factors in developing CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thailand is among countries with the highest global incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). While viral hepatitis and liver fluke infections have been associated with HCC and iCCA, respectively, other environmental risk factors, overall risk factor commonality and combinatorial roles, and effects on survival have not been systematically examined. We conducted a TIGER‐LC consortium‐based population study covering all high‐incidence areas of both malignancies across Thailand: 837 HCC, 1474 iCCA, and 1112 controls (2011–2019) were comprehensively queried on lifelong environmental exposures, lifestyle, and medical history. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to evaluate risk factors and associated survival patterns. Our models identified shared risk factors between HCC and iCCA, such as viral hepatitis infection, liver fluke infection, and diabetes, including novel and shared associations of agricultural pesticide exposure (OR range of 1.50; 95% CI: 1.06–2.11 to 2.91; 95% CI: 1.82–4.63) along with vulnerable sources of drinking water. Most patients had multiple risk factors, magnifying their risk considerably. Patients with lower risk levels had better survival in both HCC (HR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.96) and iCCA (HR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.70–0.99). Risk factor co‐exposures and their common associations with HCC and iCCA in Thailand emphasize the importance for future prevention and control measures, especially in its large agricultural sector. The observed mortality patterns suggest ways to stratify patients for anticipated survivorship and develop plans to support medical care of longer‐term survivors, including behavioral changes to reduce exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. VL is endemic in West Pokot County, Kenya, where effective strategies to interrupt transmission are impeded by the limited understanding of VL risk factors. Therefore, this case–control study aimed to explore environmental, behavioural and household determinants of VL in West Pokot. Methods: From November 2022 to January 2023, a structured questionnaire was administered to 36 symptomatic primary VL cases attending Kacheliba Sub‐County Hospital in West Pokot and to 50 healthy controls from local villages. The VL status of all participants was confirmed using an rK39 rapid diagnostic test. Associations between questioned determinants and VL were investigated by means of age‐corrected univariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Significant associations were found between VL and housing characteristics, such as window presence and floor type. VL cases more frequently reported the presence of cattle, dogs and sheep in their house yards. VL was also associated with cutting down trees in the house yard and house proximity to several Acacia tree species. Furthermore, outdoor activities, including travelling outside the residence for more than 2 weeks, activities near termite mounds, and forest activities during the rainy season, increased the risk of VL. Conclusions: This work reports a number of previously undescribed risk factors for VL in the understudied West Pokot focus. The results suggest VL transmission occurs both peri‐domestically at night and outdoors during the day, particularly when sandfly resting sites are disturbed. Our findings warrant further research into sandfly ecology and potential zoonotic parasite reservoirs in West Pokot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The association between egg consumption and dementia is unclear. We carried out a population-based case-control study in China to determine the independent association of egg consumption with dementia. Methods: We randomly recruited 233 participants with dementia and 233 without dementia from the community health service clinics and the dementia management system in Guangzhou, China to examine their dietary intakes over the past two years and other risk factors for chronic diseases. Egg consumption was categorised by frequency as Non-consuming/

Background: Thoracic injuries are a very common entity throughout all age groups. With rising numbers of geriatric patients, characteristics of this patient group need to be better defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of age on the outcome of thoracic trauma. In this project we provide a stratification of differentiated age groups regarding outcome parameter on rib fractures. Methods: The study employed a retrospective design using data from patients who sustained thoracic trauma and received treatment at a level I trauma center over a 5-year period. Patients with the same pattern of injury and gender but different age (above and below 70 years) were matched. Results: The mean age of the study population was 57 ± 19 years, 69% were male, 54% of patients had preexisting comorbidities. Hemothorax was present in 109 (16%), pneumothorax in 204 (31%) and lung contusions in 136 patients (21%). The overall complication rate was 36%, with a mortality rate of 10%. The matched pair analysis of 70 pairs revealed a higher prevalence of comorbidities in the older age group. They had significantly fewer pulmonary contusions and pneumothoraces than the younger patients and a shorter length of stay. However, the older age group had a significantly higher mortality rate. Conclusions: Geriatric patients with rib fractures exhibit different patterns of intrathoracic injuries compared to their younger counterparts. Although numeric age may not be the most accurate predictor of adverse outcome, we found that higher age was associated with a clear trend towards an increased mortality rate. Our findings build a basis for further research to evaluate the outcome of age for instance with the tool of a rib fracture scoring system within stratified age groups in order to identify patients at major risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AbstractAlthough several observational studies have reported a link between the use of underarm cosmetic products and the risk of breast cancer, the findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate these associations using a meta-analysis of observational studies. In the meta-analysis of seven case-control studies, we found no association between the use of underarm antiperspirants or deodorants and the risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.78–1.17; I2 = 60.0%). Further prospective cohort studies that provide a higher level of evidence are warranted to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the liver caused by isoniazid and rifampicin through the disorder of heme biosynthesis was considered an important mechanism of anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury (ATLI). Alanine synthase 1 (ALAS1) is a rate‐limiting enzyme in the process of heme synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between ALAS1 gene polymorphism, serum ALAS1 level, and the risk of ATLI. This study was a case‐control study including 58 ATLI cases and 192 controls. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ALAS1 gene were selected for genotyping and serum ALAS1 concentrations were detected using ELISA kits. There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution of four SNPs between the ATLI cases and the controls under different genetic models. Patients carrying the GG genotype of SNP rs352163 in controls had higher baseline ALAS1 levels than those in ATLI cases (243.6 vs 290.2 ng/L, P = .034), and patients with baseline ALAS1 < 337.85 ng/L had a higher risk of ATLI than those with ALAS1 ≥ 337.85 ng/L (HR = 2.679, 95% CI: 1.360‐5.278, P = .004). Our findings indicated that the serum ALAS1 concentrations in the ATLI cases were lower than those in the controls, and the lower baseline ALAS1 levels can be associated with higher ATLI risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We investigated the relationship between employment status, work patterns, and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Methods: This was a case–control study from September 2017 through December 2022 involving 17 emergency departments and 9 public health centers. The cases included patients aged 20–79 years with SCA, excluding those with traumatic arrest, terminal illness, pregnancy, unreliable information, or a "Do Not Resuscitate" order. Controls were selected from various health screening centers in Korea. All participants completed structured questionnaires. Propensity score matching was used to ensure comparability by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Results: Of the 1536 patients enrolled, 116 from the case group were excluded due to missing employment data, leaving 1420 cases and 2304 controls for analysis. Employment was reported by 47.5% of cases and 59.4% of controls. There was no significant difference in the proportion of sole proprietors (20.6% vs. 22.5%, p = 0.39). The case group had a higher proportion of employers (13.2% vs. 6.5%, p < 0.001) and fewer employees (63.3% vs. 69.1%, p = 0.02). Professional roles were more common among controls (23.6% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.001), while labor-intensive jobs were more frequent in cases (27.7% vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001). The case group had more evening and night shifts (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.06; OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09) and longer workdays (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.08). Conclusions: SCA patients were more likely to work evening and night shifts and have longer workdays, often exceeding 10 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients frequently present a relatively high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. H. pylori was previously hypothesized to induce ACS through the regulation of lipid levels. However, the risk of H. pylori-induced ACS varies significantly among different ethnic groups, and the associations between H. pylori and lipid parameters remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically assess the risk of ACS in Chinese populations with H. pylori infection while also evaluating the effects of H. pylori on lipid parameters. Materials and methods: A hospital-based case-control study involving 280 participants was conducted. Immunoblotting was used for the detection and genotyping of H. pylori. The associations between H. pylori and ACS, as well as lipid parameters, were analyzed via the chi-square test and a multiple logistic regression model. Results: H. pylori infection significantly increased the risk of ACS among all participants (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.76 -9.25, P < 0.05), with no associations with virulence factors (cytotoxinassociated gene A (CagA) or vacuole toxin geneA (VacA)). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant increase in the risk of ACS among the elderly population aged 56-64 years with H. pylori infection. Additionally, a substantial association was observed between H. pylori and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). No significant differences were found in lipid parameters, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the LDL/HDL ratio, between individuals positive and negative for H. pylori infection. Similar results were observed between the ACS group and the control group. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated for the first time that H. pylori does not significantly impact lipid metabolism but increases the risk of ACS fourfold in the Chinese population (OR = 4.04, 95% CI: 1.76-9.25). Furthermore, the virulence factors of H. pylori (CagA and VacA) may not be involved in the mechanisms by which they promote the development of ACS. This finding provides additional evidence for the association between H. pylori and ACS among different ethnic groups and refutes the biological mechanism by which H. pylori affects ACS through lipid metabolism regulation. Regular screening for H. pylori and eradication treatment in elderly individuals and those at high risk for ACS may be effective measures for reducing the incidence of ACS. Future research should include multicenter randomized controlled trials and explore host genetics and the effects of H. pylori on the gut microbiota as potential biological pathways linking H. pylori and ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While selenium is a cofactor of several antioxidant enzymes against cancer and is essential for human health, its excess intake may also be harmful. Though a safe intake of selenium has recently been recommended, it is not well understood in the Asian population. We aimed to determine the association between dietary intake of selenium and cancer risk in a case–control study of 3758 incident cancer cases (i.e., stomach, colon, rectum, lung cancers, and other sites) and 2929 control subjects in Vietnam. Daily intake of selenium was derived from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between selenium intake and cancer risk. We observed a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk. A safe intake ranged from 110.8 to 124.4 µg/day (mean 117.8 µg/day). Compared to individuals with the safe intake of selenium, individuals with the lowest intake (i.e., 27.8–77.2 µg/day) were associated with an increased risk of cancer (OR = 3.78, 95% CI 2.89–4.95) and those with the highest intake (169.1–331.7 µg/day) also had an increased cancer risk (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.45–2.39). A U-shaped pattern of association between selenium intake and cancer risk was stronger among participants with body mass index (BMI) < 23 kg/m2 and never smokers than BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and ever smokers (P’sheterogeneity = 0.003 and 0.021, respectively) but found in both never and ever-drinkers of alcohol (Pheterogeneity = 0.001). A U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk was seen in cancer sites of the stomach, colon, rectum, and lung cancers. In summary, we found a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk and a safe selenium intake (mean: 117.8 µg/day) in the Vietnamese population. Further mechanistic investigation is warranted to understand better a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The formation of macrosomia is associated with excessive nutrition and/or unable to regulate effectively. This case-control study aims to explore the relationship between macrosomia and glucose, lipids and hormones levels in maternal and cord serum. Methods: In the case-control study, 78 pairs of mothers and newborns were recruited who received care at one hospital of Hebei, China between 2016 and 2019. According to the birth weight (BW) of newborns, participants were divided into macrosomia group (BW ≥ 4000 g, n = 39) and control group (BW between 2500 g and 3999 g, n = 39). Maternal vein blood and cord vein blood were collected and assayed. All data were compared between the two groups. Unconditional logistics regression analysis was used to test the relationship between macrosomia and glucose, lipids and hormones in maternal and cord serum. Results: In maternal and cord serum, the levels of leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR), glucose and triglyceride (TG) in macrosomia group were higher than those in control group, and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower. The percentage of maternal glucose and lipids transfer to cord blood did not differ between the two groups. High levels of TG in maternal serum were positively correlated with macrosomia, and high levels of LAR, TG and glucose in cord serum were positively correlated with macrosomia. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of the current study, suggest that the nutrients and metabolism-related hormones in maternal and umbilical cord are closely related to macrosomia. During pregnancy, the nutritional status of pregnant women should be paid attention to and to obtain a good birth outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common inflammatory condition affecting the vaginal microbiome. In the present study we aimed to explore the relationship between dietary inflammatory index, plant‐based dietary index, and BV.In this case–control study, 143 individuals with BV and 151 healthy participants aged 15–45 years were included. Bacterial vaginosis diagnosis was based on the Amsel criteria by a gynecologist. Participants' dietary intakes over the past year were assessed using a 168‐item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between dietary inflammatory index, plant‐based dietary index, and BV odds.Our study revealed that elevated dietary inflammatory index scores were strongly associated with higher BV odds in the crude model (odds ratio [OR]: 2.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–5.30, P value <0.001), and even after accounting for potential confounding factors (adjusted OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.66–7.46, P value = 0.001). While no significant relationship was observed between total plant‐based dietary index and healthy plant‐based dietary index scores with BV odds, a clear positive association existed between unhealthy plant‐based dietary index and the odds of BV (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09–4.15, P value = 0.018).A positive correlation may exist between unhealthy plant‐based dietary index and the likelihood of BV. Furthermore, the dietary inflammatory index may remain linked to increased BV odds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aortic valve infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe the clinical profile, risk factors and predictors of short- and long-term mortality in patients with aortic valve IE treated with aortic valve replacement (AVR) compared with a control group undergoing AVR for non-infectious valvular heart disease. Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2013, a total of 170 cases with IE treated with AVR (exposed cohort) and 677 randomly selected non-infectious AVR-treated patients with degenerative aortic valve disease (controls) were recruited from three tertiary hospitals with cardiothoracic facilities across Scandinavia. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression models. Results: The mean age of the IE cohort was 58.5 ± 15.1 years (80.0% men). During a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (IQR 5.1-10.8 years), 373 (44.0%) deaths occurred: 81 (47.6%) in the IE group and 292 (43.1%) among controls. Independent risk factors associated with IE were male gender, previous heart surgery, underweight, positive hepatitis C serology, renal failure, previous wound infection and dental treatment (all p < 0.05). IE was associated with an increased risk of both short-term (≤ 30 days) (HR 2.86, [1.36–5.98], p = 0.005) and long-term mortality (HR 2.03, [1.43–2.88], p < 0.001). In patients with IE, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 2.13), underweight (HR 4.47), renal failure (HR 2.05), concomitant mitral valve involvement (HR 2.37) and mediastinitis (HR 3.98) were independent predictors of long-term mortality. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent microbe (21.8%) and associated with a 5.2-fold increased risk of early mortality, while enterococci were associated with the risk of long-term mortality (HR 1.78). Conclusions: In this multicenter case-control study, IE was associated with an increased risk of both short- and long-term mortality compared to controls. Efforts should be made to identify, and timely treat modifiable risk factors associated with contracting IE, and mitigate the predictors of poor survival in IE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Higher intake of green and white vegetables/fruits is linked to reduced breast cancer (BrCa) risk. • The role of diet in reducing BrCa is emphasized, highlighting the importance of the color of vegetables/fruits. • Our study provides information supporting dietary guidelines to lower BrCa risk. Breast cancer (BrCa) remains a significant health concern globally, influenced by both nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors. Limited studies have explored the role of color-specific vegetables and fruits, which are rich in specific phytonutrients, on BrCa risk. We hypothesized that consuming color-specific vegetables and fruits may decrease BrCa risk in Korean women. This case-control study examined the relationship between the intake of different-colored vegetables and fruits and the risk of BrCa, considering menopausal, hormone receptor status, tumor subtypes. We matched 395 patients and 395 controls by age and recruited from the National Cancer Center in Korea. Dietary data was collected via food frequency questionnaire, categorizing by colors: green, orange/yellow, red/purple, and white. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression models, with subgroup analyses for menopausal, hormone receptor status, and tumor subtypes. Results shown BrCa patients consumed less vegetables and fruits than control group. Higher consumption of green, other orange/yellow, and white vegetables and fruits was negatively associated with BrCa risk [OR (95% CIs) of Q4 vs Q1 = 0.59 (0.36-0.94); 0.55 (0.33-0.89); and 0.60 (0.37-0.96), respectively]. Particularly, a greater intake of dark green leafy vegetables was significantly associated with reduced BrCa risk (OR of Q4 vs Q1 = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34-0.89). Subgroup analysis consistently demonstrated inverse associations between higher intake of green-color vegetables and fruits and BrCa risk. Our findings suggest that a diet rich in green and white-color vegetables and fruits may lower BrCa risk among Korean women. [Display omitted] This case-control study examined the link between color-type vegetables and fruits and BrCa risk among Korean women, categorizing by colors: green, orange/yellow, red/purple, and white. Subgroup analyses considered menopausal status, hormone receptor status, tumor subtypes, and cancer stages. Findings indicate higher intake of green-, orange/yellow-, and white vegetables and fruits is linked to lower BrCa risk, especially in postmenopausal women with triple-negative BrCa and stage III. These data may support nutritional guidelines based on BrCa types. Abbreviations: BrCa, breast cancer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object: Vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms (VBDAs) are known to have a poor natural history with high rates of re-bleeding and mortality. There is a strong relation between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and cerebrovascular disease; we perform a retrospective study within the male of Chinese Han population to explore the association between HHcy and VBDAs. Methods: Eighty-eight male patients with VBDA and Eighty-one male control subjects were evaluated for their serum total homocysteine levels. With multiple logistic regression analysis, the association between HHcy and the risk of VBDAs was estimated. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, and chronic disease histories. The two-piecewise linear regression model examined the threshold effect. Results: The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between HHcy and VBDAs (odds ratio (OR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–6.71) after adjusting for classical vascular risk factors. The relationship was stable in all subgroup analysis. The interactive role was not found in the association between HHcy and VBDAs for the potential risk factor. Conclusions: In summary, our study provides evidence that HHcy can increases the risk of VBDAs in the male Han Chinese population. Further researches with appropriate study designs including sex differences and aneurysm types are needed to verify this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 antibody (anti-MDA5 Ab)-positive dermatomyositis (DM) is a representative of rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia. However, its association with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), characterized by thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, and organ dysfunction, has not been defined. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of anti-MDA5 Ab-positive DM accompanied by TMA. Methods: We reviewed our hospital records from November 2009 to September 2022. We included patients in accordance with the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and the criteria of Bohan and Peter. TMA was diagnosed according to the criteria for transplantation-associated TMA proposed by the International Working Group. Results: This study enrolled a total of 26 anti-MDA5 Ab-positive DM patients, four of whom developed TMA. The patients with TMA had an increased urine protein/creatinine ratio. In addition, these four of them showed significantly elevated levels of ferritin and anti-MDA5 Ab titers and were considered to have high disease activity; yet, all of them survived. Conclusions: Our study indicated that anti-MDA5 Ab-positive DM patients with hyperferritinemia, a high anti-MDA5 Ab titer, and an increased urine protein/creatinine ratio should be carefully managed, bearing in mind a complication of TMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the risk factors for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders in women without prior cesarean section (CS). Methods: This retrospective case–control study investigated patients without prior CS who gave birth at Peking University Third Hospital between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021. Patients diagnosed with PAS according to the clinical diagnostic criteria of the 2019 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification were included as the study group. Patients were matched as the control group according to delivery date and placenta previa, in a 1:2 allocation ratio. Maternal characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results: The study included 348 patients in the study group and 696 in the control group. The multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors of PAS consisted of operative hysteroscopy (once: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.38, 95% CI 1.28–4.24, P = 0.006; twice or more: aOR 5.43, 95% CI 1.04–28.32, P = 0.045), uterine curettage (once: aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.80–3.58, P < 0.001; twice: aOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.81–5.02, P < 0.001; three or more times: aOR 9.18, 95% CI 4.64–18.18, P < 0.001), multifetal pregnancy (aOR 5.64, 95% CI 3.01–10.57, P < 0.001), adenomyosis (aOR 2.77, 95% CI 1.23–6.22, P = 0.014), in vitro fertilization (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04–2.20, P = 0.030) and pre‐eclampsia (aOR 2.72, 95% CI 1.36–5.45, P = 0.005), and the independent protective factor was being multiparous (aOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25–0.54, P < 0.001). Conclusion: After controlling the effect of placenta previa, we found that patients with PAS without prior CS had unique maternal characteristics. Classification and quantification of the intrauterine surgeries they have undergone is essential for identifying high‐risk patients. Early identification of high‐risk groups by risk factors has the potential to improve the prognosis considerably. Synopsis: Patients with placenta accreta spectrum without prior cesarean section had unique maternal characteristics, and it is essential to classify and quantify the intrauterine surgeries they have previously undergone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A knowledge gap exists regarding the association between vitiligo and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to the absence of large-scale cohort studies designed to investigate this association. To investigate the bidirectional epidemiological association between vitiligo and RA. A population-based study was conducted using Clalit Health Services (CHS) database (2002–2019) using both a cohort study and a case-control study design. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated by multivariate Cox and logistic regressions, respectively. Overall, 20,851 vitiligo patients and 102,475 controls were included. The incidence of new-onset RA was 4.1 (95% CI 3.0–5.4) and 2.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.3) cases per 10,000 person-years among patients with vitiligo and controls, respectively. Patients with vitiligo had a significantly increased risk of developing new-onset RA (adjusted HR, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.02, P = 0.036). The likelihood of having vitiligo was significantly elevated after a preexisting diagnosis of RA (adjusted OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.38–2.03; P < 0.001). Relative to the remaining patients with vitiligo, those with vitiligo and comorbid RA demonstrated an elevated risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.03–2.51; P = 0.037). Our study confirms the bidirectional association between vitiligo and RA. Physicians treating patients with vitiligo should be aware of the association in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis (PsO) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, often accompanied by psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and linked to various comorbidities and increased mortality rates. This study aimed to explore the relationship between PsO and accelerated biological aging, specifically focusing on epigenetic DNA methylation clocks. Using a matched case-control design, 20 PsO cases were selected along with age, race, and sex-matched 20 controls without PsO from the Skin Disease Biorepository at Brown Dermatology, Inc, Providence, Rhode Island. Blood samples retrieved from both groups were analyzed for DNA methylation, and epigenetic ages were calculated using DNA methylation clocks, including Horvath, Hannum, Pheno, SkinBlood, and Grim ages. Generalized estimation equations were employed to test the differences in epigenetic and chronological ages between PsO cases and controls, as well as within various subgroups in comparison to their respective controls. There were no statistically significant differences in epigenetic ages between PsO cases and controls. However, notably, PsO cases with PsA demonstrated an accelerated PhenoAge, compared to their matched controls. This study represents a pioneering investigation into the potential link between PsO and epigenetic aging, shedding light on the possibility of accelerated epigenetic aging in PsA, possibly associated with heightened inflammatory burden. These findings emphasize the systemic impact of PsA on the aging process, prompting the need for deeper exploration into autoimmune pathways, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications underlying PsO pathogenesis and aging mechanisms. Larger-scale studies with diverse populations are imperative to discern PsO subgroups experiencing accelerated biological aging and decipher the intricate interplay between PsO, inflammation, and aging pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B virus is a global health concern with a high death rate in Afghanistan. Limited data exist on the disease's impact on quality of life in low‐resource settings. This case–control study aims to identify potential risk factors and assess the quality of life among hepatitis B patients in Herat, Afghanistan, with a focus on sex differences. Understanding these factors can inform prevention, care, and sex‐specific interventions. A cross‐sectional study conducted at Herat Regional Hospital examined hepatitis B patients above 18 years old, between October 2020 and February 2021. The control group consisted of age and sex‐matched individuals without a history of hepatitis B. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering socio‐demographic characteristics, signs and symptoms of hepatitis B, and the SF‐36 questionnaire for measuring the quality of life of study participants. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate General Linear Models, and logistic regression. We identified several potential risk factors for hepatitis B infection, including male sex, younger age groups, tobacco use, lower education levels, rural residence, family history, weak social networks, specific family structures and underlying chronic diseases (p <.05). The study found that hepatitis B cases had significantly lower mean scores across all SF‐36 components, indicating an overall reduced quality of life (p <.05). These differences were more pronounced in males, although females had lower scores in most components. Role limitations due to physical and emotional health were particularly affected. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, sex‐specific strategies, improved healthcare access and comprehensive policies. These findings can inform prevention efforts to improve the overall quality of life of people with hepatitis B in Afghanistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are multifactorial and can be caused by the anatomical structure of the teeth, erosion, abrasion and abnormal occlusion. The aim of this case–control study was to explore the risk factors for NCCLs. Methods: Cone‐beam computed tomography was used to determine whether a wedge‐shaped defect existed at the cementoenamel junction. We compared 63 participants with NCCLs with 63 controls without NCCLs, matched for sex, age (±1 year) and toothbrushing‐related factors (e.g., type of bristle and brushing patterns, frequency and strength). All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about self‐administered daily diet habits and health condition. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors for NCCLs. Results: Significant variables in the univariate analysis (i.e., p <.2) included frequency of carbonated beverage consumption, sella‐nasion‐point B angle (SNB) and Frankfort‐mandibular plane angle (FMA). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the consumption frequency of carbonated beverages (odds ratio [OR] = 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.039–9.532), FMA (OR = 1.100; 95% CI, 1.004–1.204) and SNB (OR = 0.896; 95% CI, 0.813–0.988) was independent influencing factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of regression Model 1 (established with the frequency of carbonated beverage consumption, FMA, SNB and sleep bruxism) was 0.700 (95% CI, 0.607–0.792; p <.001), and that of regression Model 2 (established using the frequency of carbonated beverage consumption, FMA and SNB) was 0.704 (95% CI, 0.612–0.796; p <.001). Conclusions: The consumption frequency of carbonated beverages and FMA was risk factors for NCCLs; the higher the frequency of carbonated beverage consumption and FMA, the higher was the probability of NCCLs. SNB was a protective factor for NCCL occurrence; the larger the SNB, the lower was the probability of NCCL occurrence. These findings have further clarified the aetiology of NCCLs and provided clinicians with valuable insights into strategies for preventing the loss of dental tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The sensitivity and specificity of electrodiagnostic parameters in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have been reported differently, and this study aims to address this gap. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 57 cases with CTS and 58 controls without complaints, such as pain or paresthesia on the median nerve. The main assessed electrodiagnostic parameters were terminal latency index (TLI), residual latency (RL), median ulnar F-wave latency difference (FdifMU), and median sensory latency-ulnar motor latency difference (MSUMLD). Results: The mean age in cases and controls were 50.7 years (SD 9.9) and 47.9 years (SD 12.1), respectively. The CTS severity was mild in 20 patients (34.4%), moderate in 19 patients (32.8%), and severe in 19 patients (32.8%). The sensitivity and specificity of the electrodiagnostic parameters in diagnosing CTS were as follows: TLI 75.4% and 87.8%; RL 85.9% and 82.5%; FdifMU 87.9% and 82.9%; and MSUMLD 94.8% and 60.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that electrodiagnostic parameters are significantly associated with the clinical manifestation of CTS, and are associated with high diagnostic accuracy in CTS diagnosis. However, further studies are required to highlight the role of electrodiagnostic parameters and their combination in CTS detection. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):898–903.

Abstract Background Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium species and is a global burden. When not treated correctly, it can reemerge as a relapse or recrudescence. Malaria relapse cases can contribute to maintaining active transmission chains and can influence the patient to develop severe malaria, potentially leading to hospitalization or death. The objective of this study is to estimate the number of malaria relapse cases in the extra-Amazon region of Brazil and to investigate the associated factors. Methods This is a case–control study that analyses malaria infections caused by Plasmodium vivax, as reported in Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) for the Brazilian extra-Amazon region (an area not endemic for the disease) from 2008 to 2019. For the identification of relapse cases, deduplication record linkage processes in R software were used. Malaria relapses were defined as the case group, and new malaria infections were defined as the control group. Logistic regression models were used to assess associated factors. Results Of the 711 malaria relapses, 589 (82.8%) were first relapses. Most relapses (71.6%) occurred between 30 and 120 days after the previous infection. Malaria relapses are spread throughout the extra-Amazon region, with a higher concentration near big cities. Driver occupation was found to be a common risk factor compared to other occupations, along with asymptomatic individuals. Other associated factors were: being infected in the Brazilian Amazon region, having follow-ups for malaria relapses, and having parasite density of the previous infection higher than 10,000 parasites per mm3. Conclusions This study provides evidence that allows malaria health surveillance services to direct their efforts to monitor cases of malaria in the highest risk segments identified in this study, particularly in the period between 30 and 120 days after being infected and treated. Relapses were associated to driver occupation, absence of symptoms, infection in endemic areas of Brazil, being detected through active surveillance or routine follow-up actions, and with parasitaemia greater than 10,000 parasites per mm3 in the previous infection. Improving cases follow-up is essential for preventing relapses.

Abstract Background In Iran, not only the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing but also the age of patients at diagnosis is alarmingly dropping. We need urgent actions to better understand the epidemiology of CRC and the contributing factors for such pattern in Iranian population. The aim of our study was to determine the potential contribution of lifestyle, including dietary pattern, to CRC in a large Iranian province. Methods A hospital based case-control study was performed on 572 participants (275 cases and 297 controls). Patients in the case group were newly diagnosed with CRC in a referral hospital and patients in the control group were selected from those patients with non-malignancy diseases who were admitted to the same hospital. Control group was frequency matched to the case group for gender and age. Results Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, direct associations were observed between usual pattern of defecation (OR> 3rd /every day =4.74, 95% CI: 1.78–12.59), chicken consumption (ORsometimes or always/occasionally = 6.33, 95% CI:3.23–12.43), family history of CRC (ORyes/no =5.79, 95% CI: 2.72–12.31), and alcohol consumption (ORyes/no =6.03, 95% CI: 2.14–16.98) with the odds of CRC among the study population. On the other hand, taking multivitamins (ORyes/no=0.09, 95% CI:0.04–0.20), consumption of coffee (ORalways/occasionally =0.29, 95% CI: 0.12–0.69), taking vitamins D supplement (ORyes/no =0.38,95% CI:0.22–0.66), and consumption of garlic (ORsometimes/occasionally =0.53,95% CI: 0.30–0.95) significantly reduced the odds of CRC. Conclusions We revealed potentially significant effects of several lifestyle related factors with CRC risk in Iranian population. More studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of the associated factors in developing CRC.

Abstract Background Social isolation, defined as an individual’s lack of social connections, is particularly prevalent among older adults. However, its association with health outcomes among the oldest-old population (aged 80 and above) was understudied. Aims To examine the association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian among the oldest-old people in China, aiming to provide novel insights into promoting healthy aging and longevity. Methods Using data from The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, conducted in 22 provinces in mainland China since 1998, we performed a community-based, prospective nested case-control study. The primary outcome was survival to the age of 100 by 2018 (the end of follow-up). Information on social isolation and other covariates was collected via a questionnaire at baseline. The degree of social isolation was categorized as low, moderate, and high. Included (n = 5,716) were 1,584 identified centenarians and 4,132 controls (deceased before reaching 100 years), matched by age, sex, and year of entry. A conditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian, adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, chronic disease, potential disability, optimistic attitude, and perceived loneliness. Results Individuals with the highest social isolation score had lower odds of becoming centenarians (adjusted OR:0.82; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98), relative to those with the least social isolation (P-value 0.05 for all). Conclusions This study highlights the inverse association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian, emphasizing the need for public health initiatives to combat isolation in the older population.

Abstract While selenium is a cofactor of several antioxidant enzymes against cancer and is essential for human health, its excess intake may also be harmful. Though a safe intake of selenium has recently been recommended, it is not well understood in the Asian population. We aimed to determine the association between dietary intake of selenium and cancer risk in a case–control study of 3758 incident cancer cases (i.e., stomach, colon, rectum, lung cancers, and other sites) and 2929 control subjects in Vietnam. Daily intake of selenium was derived from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between selenium intake and cancer risk. We observed a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk. A safe intake ranged from 110.8 to 124.4 µg/day (mean 117.8 µg/day). Compared to individuals with the safe intake of selenium, individuals with the lowest intake (i.e., 27.8–77.2 µg/day) were associated with an increased risk of cancer (OR = 3.78, 95% CI 2.89–4.95) and those with the highest intake (169.1–331.7 µg/day) also had an increased cancer risk (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.45–2.39). A U-shaped pattern of association between selenium intake and cancer risk was stronger among participants with body mass index (BMI)

Abstract Background Aortic valve infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe the clinical profile, risk factors and predictors of short- and long-term mortality in patients with aortic valve IE treated with aortic valve replacement (AVR) compared with a control group undergoing AVR for non-infectious valvular heart disease. Methods Between January 2008 and December 2013, a total of 170 cases with IE treated with AVR (exposed cohort) and 677 randomly selected non-infectious AVR-treated patients with degenerative aortic valve disease (controls) were recruited from three tertiary hospitals with cardiothoracic facilities across Scandinavia. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression models. Results The mean age of the IE cohort was 58.5 ± 15.1 years (80.0% men). During a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (IQR 5.1-10.8 years), 373 (44.0%) deaths occurred: 81 (47.6%) in the IE group and 292 (43.1%) among controls. Independent risk factors associated with IE were male gender, previous heart surgery, underweight, positive hepatitis C serology, renal failure, previous wound infection and dental treatment (all p

Background Previous research on connection between the ABO blood group and bladder cancer has been based on determining the ABO phenotype. This specific research is extended to the molecular level, providing more information about particular ABO alleles.

BACKGROUND: Dysbiosis of the oral mycobiome has been linked to some diseases, including cancers. However, the role of oral fungal communities in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) carcinogenesis has not previously been investigated. METHODS: We characterized the oral salivary fungal mycobiome in 476 untreated incident NPC patients and 537 population-based controls using fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 sequencing. The relationship between oral fungal mycobiome and the risk of NPC was assessed through bioinformatic and biostatistical analyses. FINDINGS: We found that lower fungal alpha diversity was associated with an increased odds of NPC [lower vs. higher: observed features (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.60-9.38); Simpson diversity (1.53, 1.03-2.29); Shannon diversity (2.03, 1.35-3.04)]. We also observed a significant difference in global fungal community patterns between cases and controls based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (P

Background Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a common endocrine disease in children, which shows an increasing trend year by year in recent years. It can be divided into fast-progressing central precocious puberty (RP-CPP) and slow-progressing central precocious puberty (SP-CPP) through pubertal development. RP-CPP has great harm, but it is difficult to distinguish it from SP-CPP in early clinical stage, mainly relying on the progress of adolescent development and bone age during follow-up. At present, there is a lack of effective laboratory indicators to predict RP-CPP. Objective To investigate the relationship between luteinizing hormone (LH) /follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio and pubertal development. Methods CPP girls aged 4-10 years old (n=380) admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to May 2022 were regression selected and divided into RP-CPP group (n=130) and SP-CPP group (n=250 cases) according to indicators such as puberal development process. Clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of RP-CPP was performed, and ROC curve of LH/FSH ratio on the predictive value of RP-CPP was drawn. Results The height, weight, BMI, IGF-1, difference between bone age and actual age, bilateral ovarian volume, LH base value, estradiol level, LH base value /FSH base value, and LH peak /FSH peak value of girls in RP-CPP group were all higher than those in SP-CPP group, with statistical significance (P

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of maxillary sinus anatomy on sinus floor elevation (SFE) operations performed with the lateral window approach. Materials and Methods: CBCT and digital panoramic radiographs were evaluated before and at least 6 months after maxillary sinus floor elevation (SFE) operations performed in 33 maxillary sinus regions in 26 patients. Maxillary sinus volume, grafted volume (GV), sinus width (SW), residual bone height (RBH), and vertical graft resorption (VGR) were calculated. The effects of RBH and SW on GV and VGR were evaluated statistically. Results: The mean GV values in the maxillary sinuses classified as narrow, average, and wide were 2.60 ± 0.57, 3.44 ± 0.65, and 3.70 ± 0.64 cm3, respectively. The mean VGR was 2.12 ± 1.67 mm, and in the sites classified as narrow, average, and wide, the mean VGR values were 1.50 ± 0.79, 1.58 ± 1.28, and 3.46 ± 2.06 mm, respectively. A statistically significant difference in GV and VGR was found between the SW groups. The mean posterior maxillary RBH was 2.30 ± 1.05 mm, and 17 and 16 sinuses were classified as = 2 and > 2 mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the effect of RBH on GV or VGR. Conclusion: Although posterior maxillary RBH did not affect new bone formation in the sinuses grafted only with hydroxyapatite-derived inorganic bovine bone, with increasing SW, the GV decreased and the VGR increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As household food insecurity is directly connected with the amount and quality of nutrition available to a person, maternal food insecurity, therefore, might have a role to play in poor pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW). Objectives: To find out whether maternal food insecurity was associated with LBW among infants born between May and June of 2020 in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India. Materials and Methods: The study was a case–control design, conducted among a set of sex-matched cases and controls. 105 LBW infants were taken as cases and 105 infants with birth weight ≥2500 g were taken as controls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to ascertain the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated to find out the association between the exposure and the outcome. Results: The cases and controls were statistically comparable with respect to baseline characteristics. Univariable analysis showed that the odds of LBW were 7.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.73–16.16) times more in food-insecure households. After adjusting for other variables included in the analysis, the AOR for food insecurity was 8.04 (95% CI: 3.81–16.94). Conclusion: The odds of giving birth to a LBW infant were higher in mothers belonging to food-insecure households. Addressing the prevalent barriers to accessibility, affordability, and adequacy of nutrition can be effective in mitigating this problem.

Abstract Trace element levels in the circulation (blood, serum, plasma) are believed to play a role in the pathophysiologic processes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, there is heterogeneity in the available findings. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of trace elements (including: copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), and magnesium (Mg)) in AD patients and controls to assess the variation of trace elements in the circulation of AD patients. By systematically screening case–control studies on circulatory trace element levels in AD patients from 2000 to the present in the PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases, 52 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The results of the random-effects model showed significantly elevated circulatory levels of Cd (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.24), Hg (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.16), and Cu (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.37, 1.04) in AD patients, while levels of Fe (SMD = − 0.58, 95% CI: − 1.03, − 0.13), Se (SMD = − 0.53, 95% CI: − 0.85, − 0.21), and Zn (SMD = − 0.99, 95% CI: − 1.52, − 0.46) were significantly lower. The database formed in this study provides reliable population-based research evidence for exploring changes in circulating trace element levels in AD patients. Monitoring and stabilization of circulatory trace element levels in the elderly may be a potential preventive target for AD.

Abstract Backgrounds Dietary potassium can play an important role in decreasing inflammatory factors as a protective factor for cancers. In this case-control study, we aimed to assess the possible association between dietary potassium intake and the risk of breast cancer (BC) among Iranian adult women. Methods The present case-control study was conducted at Shohada and Imam Hossain hospitals, in Tehran. The study included 134 newly diagnosed cases of BC and 267 controls. A validated semi-quantitative 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used to compute the potassium intake. Logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders, was used to estimate odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) of BC according to tertiles of potassium intake. Results The mean(M) ± standard deviation(SD) of age and body mass index (BMI) were 47.9 ± 10.3 years and 29.4 ± 5.5 kg/m2, respectively. Also, the M ± SD of potassium intake for the control and case groups was 1616 ± 293 and 1542 ± 338 (mg/1000 Kcal), respectively. In the multivariable-adjusted model for potential confounders, the higher total potassium intake was associated with decreased odds of BC (OR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.19–0.62, P for trend

Abstract Background Modular acetabular components for total hip arthroplasty (THA) provide intraoperative flexibility; however, polyethylene liner dissociation may occur. This study aimed to examine the incidence and causes of liner dissociation associated with a specific acetabular component design at a single centre. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of 7027 patients who underwent primary THA was performed to identify isolated liner dislocations. Patient demographics, clinical presentations, surgical and implant details, and both radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings were analysed. Patients with liner dislocation were matched to a control group via 2:1 propensity score matching, and a logistic regression analysis was employed to identify associated risk factors. Results A total of 32 patients (0.45%) experienced liner dislocation at a mean 71.47 ± 60.10 months post surgery. Significant factors contributing to dislocations included the use of a conventional compared with a highly crosslinked polyethylene component (p = 0.049) and screw fixation (p = 0.028). Radiographic and CT analysis highlighted the importance of proper component orientation, revealing that patients experiencing dislocations demonstrated significantly lower acetabular cup anteversion angles (p = 0.001) compared with the control group. Impingement and malposition, identified in 41% and 47% of the cases, respectively, further underscored the multifactorial nature of dislocation risks. Conclusions While the overall rate of polyethylene liner dislocation was low, the findings of this study highlight the importance of appropriate cup placement to decrease the risk of dissociation. It further substantiates the influence of impingement and malposition in liner displacement, with increased mechanical stress exerted on the locking mechanism under adverse conditions and the potential risk increase due to screw placement.

Immunological dysregulation plays a fundamental role in the inflammatory aspects of endometriosis. Circulating blood leukocytes, one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the human body, have been shown diagnostic significance in some diseases. Nevertheless, the association between peripheral blood leukocyte counts and endometriosis remains unexplored to date. We analyzed two targeted study cohorts: a tertiary center cohort (Endometriosis at Oxford University (ENDOX) Study: 325 cases/177 controls) and a large-scale population study (UK Biobank (UKBB): 1537 cases/6331 controls). In both datasets, peripheral venous blood sample results were retrieved, and counts of leukocyte subpopulations, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, were analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of leukocyte subtype alterations with endometriosis status, adjusting for confounding factors. We demonstrate that a higher blood basophil level is associated with increased odds of endometriosis. This association was first discovered in the ENDOX cohort (basophils >0.04 × 109/L: OR 1.65 (95% CI: 1.06–2.57), Ptrend = 0.025) and replicated in the UKBB dataset (basophils >0.04 × 109/L: OR 1.26 (95% CI: 1.09–1.45), Ptrend = 0.001). Notably, women with basophil counts in the upper tercile had significantly increased odds of having stage III/IV endometriosis (ENDOX study: OR = 2.30, 95% CI (1.25–4.22), Ptrend = 0.007; UKBB study (OR = 1.40, 95% CI (1.07–1.85), Ptrend = 0.015). None of the other leukocyte subtypes showed an association. Our findings suggest an association between inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of endometriosis; future studies are warranted to investigate whether the association is causal.

Abstract Introduction The hypothesis of this study is night shift work exposure can increase the risk of female breast cancer. To validate this hypothesis, the authors conducted a two-stage dose-response meta-analysis with improved quality on this topic. Methods The medical librarian searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library on December 30th, 2022. The eight inclusion criteria were determined and strictly applied to the selection process. A reliable dose-response meta-analysis methodology was applied. Results Reliable 10 cohort (total cases: 15,953, and total person-years: 6,812,138) and 11 case-control reports (total cases: 9196, and total controls:12,210) were included in the final analysis. The pooled risk ratio (RR) of female breast cancer (from cohort studies) for 1, 10, 20, and 30 years of night shift work exposure was 1.0042 (95% CI 1.0014–1.0070), 1.0425 (95% CI 1.0138–1.0719), 1.0867 (95% CI 1.0278–1.1490), and 1.1328 (95% CI 1.0419–1.2317), respectively. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of female breast cancer (from case-control studies) for 1, 10, 20, and 30 years of night shift work exposure was 1.0213 (95% CI 1.0108–1.0319), 1.2346 (95% CI 1.1129–1.3695), 1.5242 (95% CI 1.2386–1.8756), and 1.8817 (95% CI 1.3784–2.5687), respectively. Discussion This study has several strengths from the perspective of a dose-response meta-analysis: Strictly applied eight inclusion criteria, separately synthesized RRs from cohort studies and ORs from case-control studies, clearly defined exposure dose, years of night shift work for each risk estimate, a reliable dose-response meta-analysis methodology, and careful considering of selection, exposure, and outcome biases and confounder adjustment for each study. This careful consideration of potential biases and confounding led to the exclusion of unreliable two cohort and five case-control studies.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to identify and quantify the association and investigate whether serum vitamin B12 alone or vitamin B12 combined with folate and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels could be used to predict the risk of acute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. It included 259 inpatients experiencing their first-ever acute ischemic stroke and 259 age-matched, sex-matched healthy controls. Patients were categorized into groups based on the etiology of their stroke: large-artery atherosclerosis (LAAS, n = 126), cardio embolism (CEI, n = 35), small vessel disease (SVD, n = 89), stroke of other determined etiology (ODE, n = 5), and stroke of undetermined etiology (UDE, n = 4). The associations of serum vitamin B12, folate, and plasma tHcy levels with the risk of ischemic stroke were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic power of vitamin B12, folate, and tHcy levels for ischemic stroke. Results Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were significantly lower in ischemic stroke patients compared to controls, while plasma tHcy levels were significantly higher. The first quartile of serum vitamin B12 levels was significantly associated with an increased risk of LAAS (aOR = 2.289, 95% CI = 1.098–4.770), SVD (aOR = 4.471, 95% CI = 1.110–4.945) and overall ischemic stroke (aOR = 3.216, 95% CI = 1.733–5.966). Similarly, the first quartile of serum folate levels was associated with an increased risk of LAAS (aOR = 3.480, 95% CI = 1.954–6.449), CEI (aOR = 2.809, 95% CI = 1.073–4.991), SVD (aOR = 5.376, 95% CI = 1.708–6.924), and overall ischemic stroke (aOR = 3.381, 95% CI = 1.535–7.449). The fourth quartile of tHcy levels was also significantly associated with an increased risk of LAAS (aOR = 2.946, 95% CI = 1.008–5.148), CEI (aOR = 2.212, 95% CI = 1.247–5.946), SVD (aOR = 2.957, 95% CI = 1.324–6.054), and overall ischemic stroke (aOR = 2.233, 95% CI = 1.586–4.592). For predicting different types of ischemic stroke, vitamin B12 alone demonstrated the best diagnostic value for SVD, evidenced by a sensitivity of 71.0% and negative predictive value of 90.3%, along with the highest positive likelihood ratio (+ LR) for SVD. Vitamin B12 + tHcy + folate are valuable in predicting different types of ischemic stroke, with the most significant effect observed in SVD, followed by LAAS, and the weakest predictive effect in CEI. Additionally, vitamin B12 alone in combination with other indicators, such as folate alone, tHcy alone, and folate + tHcy could reduce negative likelihood ratio (-LR) and improve + LR. Conclusions Vitamin B12 was an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke. The risk calculation model constructed with vitamin B12 + tHcy + folate had the greatest diagnostic value for SVD.

Abstract The test-negative design (TND) is an observational study design to evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) that enrolls individuals receiving diagnostic testing for a target disease as part of routine care. VE is estimated as one minus the adjusted odds ratio of testing positive versus negative comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Although the TND is related to case–control studies, it is distinct in that the ratio of test-positive cases to test-negative controls is not typically pre-specified. For both types of studies, sparse cells are common when vaccines are highly effective. We consider the implications of these features on power for the TND. We use simulation studies to explore three hypothesis-testing procedures and associated sample size calculations for case–control and TND studies. These tests, all based on a simple logistic regression model, are a standard Wald test, a continuity-corrected Wald test, and a score test. The Wald test performs poorly in both case–control and TND when VE is high because the number of vaccinated test-positive cases can be low or zero. Continuity corrections help to stabilize the variance but induce bias. We observe superior performance with the score test as the variance is pooled under the null hypothesis of no group differences. We recommend using a score-based approach to design and analyze both case–control and TND. We propose a modification to the TND score sample size to account for additional variability in the ratio of controls over cases. This work enhances our understanding of the data generating mechanism in a test-negative design (TND) and how it is distinct from that of a case-control study due to its passive recruitment of controls.

Xinzuo Qin,1,&ast; Xu Guo,2,&ast; Yijiang Liu,1,3,&ast; Zijian Wang,1 Xinyu Wang,1 Qi Wan,4 Mingjie Gao,5 Juexian Song1 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4No. 904 Hospital of Joint Logistics Unit, Jiangsu, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mingjie Gao; Juexian Song, Email mingjie.gao@xwh.ccmu.edu.cn; songjuexian@vip.163.comPurpose: Asymptomatic cerebral carotid artery stenosis (ACCAS) benefits from secondary prevention via statins and antiplatelets; nonetheless, the impact of medication alone is often limited. Evidence has suggested enhanced therapeutic outcomes when Chinese patent medicine—specifically, compound dilong capsules (CDC)—is integrated with conventional secondary prevention measures.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 319 ACCAS patients from January 2018 to December 2022 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. Depending on the clinical outcomes—improvement or stabilization versus progression—patients were classified into effective or ineffective treatment groups. Patient medical records and questionnaire responses were the primary data sources. The study accounted for demographic variables, clinical history, and medication details, with the primary focus on CDC use and its duration. Treatment outcomes were gauged alongside Transcranial color-coded sonography and Carotid Doppler ultrasonography findings. We employed both univariate and multivariate statistical methods to assess the data.Results: CDC administration (aOR=2.51, 95% CI 1.39– 4.54, P=0.002) and extended usage beyond six months (aOR=3.54, 95% CI 1.71– 7.32, P=0.001) demonstrate a statistically significant correlation with treatment efficacy. Gender (aOR=2.54, 95% CI 1.30– 5.00, P=0.007), hypertension management (aOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.33– 0.95, P=0.031), and antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (aOR=9.53, 95% CI 1.15– 78.89, P=0.037) or clopidogrel (aOR=9.97, 95% CI 1.10– 90.12, P=0.041) also influenced the therapeutic outcome significantly.Conclusion: Incorporating CDC as part of a secondary prevention strategy for over six months can beneficially modulate and limit the progression of vascular stenosis in ACCAS. These findings underscore the value of combining traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological interventions in ACCAS management.Keywords: asymptomatic cerebral carotid artery stenosis, case-control study, secondary prevention, compound dilong capsules

ObjectiveTo understand the influencing factors of gastric cancer incidence among residents in Henan province, providing a reference for the formulation of local gastric cancer prevention and control strategies. MethodsThrough the Henan Provincial Cancer Registration and Reporting System, 198 gastric cancer patients (141 males and 57 females with a median age of 66 years) newly diagnosed between January 2020 and July 2021 in four counties in the Huaihe River basin were selected as the case group. A 1:2 sex and age matching was performed to select 396 healthy residents from the same or adjacent counties as the control group. A face-to-face interview with a standardized questionnaire developed by a group of domestic researchers, physical examination, salt taste threshold test, and detection of Helicobacter pylori infection were conducted among the participants. Conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing gastric cancer morbidity. ResultsCompared to controls, cases had significantly higher proportions of smoking (57.6% vs. 49.7%), exposure to secondhand smoke (69.2% vs. 60.6%), daily water intake < 1 000 ml (52.0% vs. 33.1%), frequent anger (17.2% vs. 4.5%), poor mood or increased stress in the last 10 years (27.8% vs. 9.3%), preference for salty food (47.0% vs. 28.5%), with a salt taste threshold of 4 (34.8% vs. 24.5%), preference for hot food (36.9% vs. 27.5%), preference for hard food (19.2% vs. 8.8%), preference for spicy food (51.5% vs. 40.7%), occasionally or frequently eating leftovers (70.7% vs. 49.7%), eating or handling moldy food (8.1% vs. 2.5%), eating pickled food more than once a week (21.2% vs. 11.9%), being underweight (11.6% vs. 1.8%), and having a history of gastric disease (54.0% vs. 29.0%) (all P < 0.05), whereas cases had significantly lower proportions of drinking alcohol (11.1% vs. 36.1%), drinking tea (16.2% vs. 25.0%), being physically active three or more days a week (15. 2% vs. 23.7%), walking after meals three or more days per week (34.3% vs. 48.5%), using a water filter at home (26.8% vs. 41.9%), eating regular meals (78.8% vs. 89.4%), eating breakfast every day (86.9% vs. 92.7%), and consuming 10 or more grams of raw garlic or garlic sprouts per day (25.3% vs. 33.8%) (all P < 0.05). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis revealed the following risk factors for gastric cancer incidence among residents: exposure to secondhand smoke, frequent anger, poor mood or increased stress in the past 10 years, preference for salty food, preference for hard food, occasional or frequent consumption of leftovers, being underweight, having a history of gastric disease, and family history of gastric cancer; the analysis also revealed the following protective factors against gastric cancer incidence: having an education of junior high school or above, having an annual household income of ≥ 5 000 Chinese yuan per capita, using a water filter at home, and being overweight or obese. ConclusionLifestyle, personality and emotional characteristics, dietary habits, history of gastric diseases, and family history of gastric cancer are the main influencing factors of gastric cancer morbidity among residents in Henan province.

Background: The menstrual cycle pattern in women is related to high variability in cycle length of 21–35 days, flow lasts 4–7 days with an average loss of 15–80 ml of blood. The abnormal menstrual pattern is influenced by several factors, including dietary habits, physical exercises, family history of obesity and anthropometric parameters. Objectives: This research was carried out to establish numerous risk elements that depict abnormal menstrual cycle patterns amongst school-going adolescent girls in urban areas of Rishikesh, India. Methods: An age-matched case–control research was implemented in schools in the urban areas of Rishikesh between May and December 2019. A simple random sampling technique was carried out to choose urban wards and schools, and data were assembled in two steps. Adolescent girls (10–19 years) studying in the government and private schools (both Hindi and English medium) of urban Rishikesh areas were included and screened for abnormal menstrual patterns. Equal numbers of age-matched controls were also selected. Data were assembled using a self-scrutinised pre-designed pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test, McNemar test, Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests were applied for data analysis using the SPSS software version 23.0. Results: A total of 200 school-going adolescent girls (100 cases and 100 age-matched controls) were included in this study. The strength of getting symptoms of menstruation was high amongst cases, and it was found that adolescent girls with high menstrual symptoms had more chances of developing menstrual abnormalities (odds ratio = 6.6; confidence interval = 2.9–17.2). Menstrual abnormality was found significantly associated (P < 0.05) with reduced physical activity, unhealthy dietary patterns and family history of obesity amongst school-going adolescent girls. Conclusions: Unhealthy lifestyles, improper diet, reduced physical activity and family history of obesity were strongly associated with the abnormal menstrual cycle pattern.

Abstract Background Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been implemented to prevent malaria in Zambia for several decades, but its effectiveness has not been evaluated long term and in Vubwi District yet. This study aimed to assess the association between IRS and the malaria burden in Zambia and Vubwi District and to explore the factors associated with refusing IRS. Methods A retrospective study was used to analyze the association between IRS and malaria incidence in Zambia in 2001–2020 and in Vubwi District in 2014–2020 by Spearman correlation analysis. A case-control study was used to explore the factors associated with IRS refusals by households in Vubwi District in 2021. A logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with IRS refusals. Results The malaria incidence reached its peak (391/1000) in 2001 and dropped to the lowest (154/1000) in 2019. The annual percentage change in 2001–2003, 2003–2008, 2008–2014, 2014–2018 and 2018–2020 was − 6.54%, − 13.24%, 5.04%, − 10.28% and 18.61%, respectively. A significantly negative correlation between the percentage of population protected by the IRS against the total population in Zambia (coverage) and the average malaria incidence in the whole population was observed in 2005–2020 (r = − 0.685, P = 0.003) and 2005–2019 (r = − 0.818, P

Abstract Background The COVID-19 outbreak has increased awareness of vitamin D's (Vit-D) potential advantages for both prevention and treatment. Adequate vitamin D levels are necessary for health of the immune system, which can help with cellular response and protection against the severity of microbial infection. Purpose To evaluate Vit-D levels and their association with illness severity in Egyptian COVID-19-infected individuals. Methods This case–control investigation was performed at the Alexandria Main University Hospital on 80 subjects divided into 2 groups: 40 COVID-19 patients and 40 healthy persons to measure the Vit-D levels of the Egyptian cohort. Results There was a statistically insignificant difference in the Vit-D serum levels of the studied groups (P = 1.000). The age of the Vit-D insufficient patients was significantly higher than that of Vit-D sufficient patients (P = 0.006). There was a statistically insignificant rise in the CRP level in the Vit-D insufficient patients (P = 0.862) compared to patients with sufficient Vit-D. Also, the D-dimer levels in Vit-D-insufficient patients were considerably higher (P = 0.015). Patients with sufficient Vit-D exhibited significantly lower levels of IL-6 than Vit-D insufficient patients. (P = 0.037). Patients in the Vit-D-insufficient subgroup needed substantially more breathing support than those in the Vit-D-sufficient group (P = 0.020). Conclusion Although there was no association between both levels of Vit-D and the COVID-19 infection risk, insufficiency of Vit-D was related to more severe infection.

Objective Given the distinct physiological and societal traits between women and men, we propose that there are distinct risk factors for lumbar degenerative disc disease surgeries, including lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), in middle‐aged and older populations. However, few studies have focused on middle‐aged and older women. This study aims to identify these risk factors specifically in this population. Methods In this case–control study, the study group comprised 1202 women aged ≥ 45 years who underwent operative treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDH, n = 825; LSS, n = 377), and the control group comprised 1168 women without lumbar disease who visited a health examination clinic during the same period. The study factors included demographics (age, body mass index [BMI], smoking, labor intensity, and genetic history), female‐specific factors (menopausal status, number of deliveries, cesarean section, and simple hysterectomy), surgical history (number of abdominal surgeries, hip joint surgery, knee joint surgery, and thyroidectomy), and systemic diseases (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyper‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of associated factors. Results The risk factors for surgical treatment of LDH in middle‐aged and older women included BMI (OR = 1.603), labor intensity (OR = 1.189), genetic history (OR = 2.212), number of deliveries (OR = 1.736), simple hysterectomy (OR = 2.511), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.932), and hyper‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (OR = 2.662). For surgical treatment of LSS, the risk factors were age (OR = 1.889), BMI (OR = 1.671), genetic history (OR = 2.134), number of deliveries (OR = 2.962), simple hysterectomy (OR = 1.968), knee joint surgery (OR = 2.527), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.476), hyper‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (OR = 2.413), and diabetes (OR = 1.643). Cerebrovascular disease was a protective factor against surgery for LDH (OR = 0.267). Conclusions BMI, genetic history, number of deliveries, simple hysterectomy, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyper‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were independent risk factors for surgical treatment of both LDH and LSS in middle‐aged and older women. Two disparities were found: labor intensity was a risk factor for LDH patients, and knee joint surgery and diabetes were risk factors for LSS patients.