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Producción Científica, The adult mouse hippocampal neurogenic niche is a complex structure which is not completely understood. It has mainly been related to the Subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus; however, as a result of differential neural stem cell populations reported in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and associated with the hippocampus, the possibility remains of a multifocal niche reproducing developmental stages. Here, using a set of molecular markers for neural precursors, we describe in the adult mouse brain hippocampus the existence of a disperse population of neural precursors in the Subependymal Zone, the Dentate Migratory Stream and the hilus; these display dynamic behaviour compatible with neurogenesis. This supports the idea that the adult hippocampal niche cannot be restricted to the dentate gyrus subgranular layer. In other neurogenic niches such as the Subventricular Zone, a functional periventricular dependence has been shown due to the ability to respond to embryonic cerebro-spinal fluid. In this study, we demonstrate that neural precursors from the three areas studied (Sub-ependymal Zone, Dentate Migratory Stream and hilus) are able to modify their behaviour by increasing neurogenesis in a locally differential manner. Our results are compatible with the persistence in the adult mouse hippocampus of a neurogenic niche with the same spatial structure as that seen during development and early postnatal stages., Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (BFU207/6516), Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación, GR195)

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la VII Reunión Red Española de Bacteriófagos y Elementos Transductores - RED FAGOMA, celebrada en Trujillo, Cáceres (España), del 26 al 28 de octubre de 2022, Enterococcus hirae una especie bacteriana que está presente de forma habitual en el tracto gastrointestinal de animales, incluido humanos, y en alimentos elaborados con ingredientes de origen animal como los productos lácteos. Sin embargo, ciertas cepas de E. hirae se han descrito como productoras de compuestos tóxicos como las aminas biógenas tiramina y putrescina, que se pueden acumular en alimentos como el queso, en altas concentraciones. La ingesta de estos alimentos puede provocar reacciones de intoxicación en los consumidores. Por otro lado, ciertas cepas de E. hirae se han identificado como agentes causales de endocarditis o bacteriemia, y algunas de ellas, además, se ha visto que son portadoras de genes de resistencia a antibióticos. Los bacteriófagos son una herramienta eficaz para la eliminación de bacterias patógenas y alterantes en ambientes de gran diversidad microbiana, dada su gran especificidad. Uno de los retos para aplicar de forma efectiva el biocontrol con fagos es la necesidad de disponer de una amplia colección de fagos bien caracterizados. En el caso de E. hirae no aparecen descritos en la literatura fagos líticos y solamente el análisis de los genomas disponibles revela la presencia de posibles profagos en los mismos. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo nos planteamos el aislamiento de fagos líticos capaces de infectar E. hirae a partir de muestras de queso con alto contenido en tiramina y putrescina. A partir de una muestra de queso manchego, aislamos el fago vB_EhiS_268, perteneciente a la familia Siphoviridae. Realizamos una caracterización microbiológica y tecnológica del mismo y comprobamos que posee un rango de hospedador muy estrecho. El análisis de su genoma reveló la ausencia de genes de virulencia y la presencia de genes con potencial antimicrobiano que podrían compensar el problema de su estrecho rango de hospedador

Resumen del trabajo presentado en el I Asturias International Meeting on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - AIMID , celebrado en Oviedo (España) , los días 22 y 23 de septiembre de 2022, Introduction The rise of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria is a major health concern, especially with regard to members of the ESKAPE group, to which vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) belongs. Phage therapy has emerged as a novel alternative for the treatment of AMR infections. However, it relies on the isolation and characterization of a large collection of phages. This work describes the exploration of human faeces as a source of new E. faecium-infecting phages. Material and methods Phage vB_EfaH_163 was isolated from the faeces of a human volunteer after applying a microbiota separation method. Phage vB_EfaH_163 was then characterized at the microbiological level: Host range against strains of E. faecium from different origins -including VRE clinical isolates- capsid morphology, and one-step growth curve. The vB_EfaH_163 genome was sequenced and analysed. In addition, technological characterization-specifically pH and thermal stability- was performed. Finally, the biocontrol capacity of vB_EfaH_163 against a clinical VRE strain was assayed in broth and in a Galleria mellonella animal model. Results and discussion vB_EfaH_163 phage is a new member of Herelleviridae, subfamily Brockvirinae. Its genome consists in a dsDNA genome of 150.836 bp that do not harbours any toxin-encoding or antibiotic resistance genes. It infects a wide range on E. faecium strains of different origin, including VRE strains. Interestingly, it can also infect E. faecalis strains, even some that are linezolid-resistant. Its capacity to control the growth of a clinical VRE isolate was shown in broth culture. Moreover, the phage vB_EfaH_163 was shown to significantly reduce mortality in a Galleria. mellonella animal model of E. faecium infection. The discovery and characterization of vB_EfaH_163 increases the number of phages that might be used therapeutically against AMR bacteria.

Trabajo presentado en el 6th Annual Meeting of Spanish Network of Bacteriophages and Transducer Elements (FAGOMA), celebrado en Bilbao (España), del 20 al 22 de octubre de 2021, El aumento de bacterias resistentes a antimicrobianos (AMR) supone un problema de salud pública, especialmente en el caso de bacterias pertenecientes al grupo ESKAPE, al que pertenece Enterococcus faecium resistente a la vancomicina (VRE). La terapia fágica puede ser una alternativa para el tratamiento de las infecciones causadas por estas bacterias. Sin embargo, se necesita el aislamiento previo y la caracterización de una gran colección de fagos. En este trabajo exploramos el uso de heces humanas como fuente de nuevos fagos capaces de infectar a E. faecium. A partir de una muestra se aisló el fago vB_EfaH_163 que fue caracterizado a nivel microbiológico, genómico y funcional. El fago vB_EfaH_163 es un nuevo miembro de la familia Herelleviridae, subfamilia Brockvirinae y posee un genoma de dsDNA de 150.836 pb. El análisis de su genoma no reveló la existencia de genes que codifiquen toxinas o resistencias a antibióticos y además, es capaz de Infectar una amplia variedad de cepas de E. faecium de diferente origen, incluidas cepas VRE. Curiosamente, también puede infectar cepas de Enterococcus faecalis, incluyendo cepas resistentes a linezolid, un antibiótico de último recurso. Se analizó la estabilidad de los viriones a diferentes temperaturas y valores de pH. Finalmente, se ensayó su capacidad para controlar el crecimiento de un aislado clínico de E. faecium VRE, tanto en medio de cultivo como en un modelo animal de Galleria mellonella. El aislamiento y la caracterización de vB_EfaH_163 aumenta el número de fagos que podrían usarse para combatir las bacterias AMR y amplía el número de posibles fuentes de fagos con aplicaciones terapéuticas.

En la región semiárida pampeana la variabilidad de los rendimientos de maíz resulta principalmente dependiente de las precipitaciones durante el cultivo y del agua almacenada en los suelos antes de la siembra. En condiciones de secano, el rendimiento comercial de maíz es modificado por variadas prácticas de manejo (por ejemplo, genotipos, fechas y densidades de siembra). Algunos estudios muestran que el 84 % de la variación de los rendimientos estuvo asociada a la disponibilidad de agua durante el período de floración. Teniendo en cuenta esto, mejoras en los rendimientos de maíz serían atribuibles al mejoramiento en el manejo de la interacción entre la elección de genotipos con otras prácticas agronómicas (ej. densidad de siembra) AER Guatraché Fil: Kette Eberle, Lucas Daniel. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Paredes, Silvia Susana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia de Extensión Rural Guatraché; Argentina Fil: Casado, Ángel Fabian. Escuela Agrotécnica Guatraché; Argentina Fil: Diaz-Zorita, Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina

La costa española es uno de los recursos más importantes en la economía del país. Supone una gran fuente de ingresos gracias al turismo, además de atraer una gran actividad comercial a través de sus puertos,por lo que su protección es vital para el país. La presencia de temporales y tormentas, unido al aumento del nivel medio del mar de los últimos años,provocan un aumento de la cota de inundación que pueden motivar pérdidas materiales e incluso humanas. La cota de inundación no sólo depende de la altura de ola, sino de varios parámetros del oleaje y de la playa, así como de la mareas astronómicas y meteorológicas. Entre los parámetros del oleaje más importantes se encuentran el periodo de ola, la altura de ola ola dirección del oleaje. De entre los parámetros de la playa destacan su tipología y las características que la definen, la fricción de fondo o la presencia de vegetación . El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo de investigación es conocer y evaluar qué parámetros, tanto de oleaje como de la forma de la playa, afectan al setup de la misma, y cuantificar la influencia de cada uno de ellos en la cota de inundación. Para ello, se ha usado el programa SWASH, que permite obtener todas las magnitudes necesarias para el estudio del setup en todo el dominio de estudio. Se han establecido 3 configuraciones de playas sintéticas en las que se han estudiado los diferentes parámetros y se han comparado en conjunto. También se ha dado una pincelada al estudio de la cota de inundación en presencia de vegetación. Finalmente se han comparado los resultados de setup obtenidos con formulaciones empíricas existentes. Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería Civil

A la hora de trabajar con el mercado de valores se nos presentan diversas filosofías o estrategias a seguir, en función de nuestro conocimiento, interés o aversión al riesgo. Y así, podemos invertir el patrimonio en acciones españolas o extranjeras, directamente o mediante fondos de inversión; seleccionando por las que paguen dividendos o su cotización haya bajado drásticamente; o siguiendo tendencias, gráficos1 o indicadores; o quizás, emulando a algún inversor de reconocido prestigio. En este TFG planteamos otra posibilidad: la inversión en valor o value investing. El Mercado no es del todo eficiente ya que tiene anomalías. Los inversores, por la acción humana, por sus comportamientos y sus conductas, pueden obtener mejores rentabilidades que las que ofrece el mercado. Nos adentraremos en las nociones principales de la inversión en valor, estrategia o filosofía creada por Benjamin Graham, en 1934 cuando escribió su primer libro «Security Analisys» y seguida, por su alumno Warren Buffett, a la postre, uno de los inversores más afamados de esta disciplina hoy en día, junto con otros muchos que también veremos sus aportaciones. Para poner en práctica esta estrategia tenemos que partir de seleccionar una serie de empresas que lo podemos hacer por varios motivos, pero Peter Lynch nos ayuda en esto porque considera que “a lo largo del día, del supermercado al puesto de trabajo, nos encontramos con un sinfín de productos y servicios”, con lo que podemos fijarnos a nuestro alrededor en que podemos invertir. El lema principal de esta filosofía es «comprar buenas empresas a buenos precios»2 y para ello nos fijaremos en Joel Greenblatt y su fórmula mágica. Finalmente, una vez hecha la selección, podemos calcular su valor intrínseco, para lo cual muchos inversores se decantan por usar el descuento de flujos de efectivo, pero otros tantos, quizás por las numerosas variables a tener en cuenta, amén de otras predicciones a practicar, utilizan otros métodos para su cálculo. De todas formas, y ayudándonos de las herramientas Fintech3 y concretamente con la que vamos a usar en este TFG, -Unclestock-, podemos obtener, entre muchos datos, ese valor intrínseco de las acciones seleccionadas que comparándolo con sus cotizaciones obtendremos el margen de seguridad que nos otorgue la confianza de que tales inversiones sean rentables. Pero no solo identificaremos a las inversiones en valor desde el punto de vista cuantitativo, es decir, de sus estados contables, su análisis fundamental y sus ratios, sino que también podemos estudiar más a fondo las empresas objeto para intentar descubrir sus ventajas competitivas, lo que caracteriza al análisis cualitativo., Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad, Grado en Finanzas, Banca y Seguros

Producción Científica, Lens fibre differentiation is a life-long process related with lens transparency, and is particularly intense during development, being related with an FGF-2 antero-posterior gradient at the equator level as the main growth factor involved which has been related with the basal membrane of the lens anlagen known as “Lens capsule”. However the lens fibre differentiation induced by FGF2 depends, as in other biological systems, on the local bioavailability of FGF-2 regulated by their relationship with extracellular matrix molecules as Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans. Here, we try to clarify how Perlecan (a heparan sulphate proteoglycan specific from basement membranes) is involved in lens fibre differentiation at earliest stages of eye development. Our results show that Perlecan, is a major component in the lens capsule during the earliest stages of lens development in chick embryos being present during lens plate induction, lens vesicle stage and the onset of lens fibre differentiation. In order to demonstrate a direct involvement of HSPG-Perlecan in lens fibre differentiation, we generate depleted lenses by HSPG-Perlecan synthesis disruption and specific enzymatic digestion. The HSPG-Perlecan depleted lens show a significant delay or abolition in the lens fibre differentiation which remains in an immature cells displaying DNA synthesis in the posterior epithelium and a decrease in FGF2 lens expression. These data support the hypothesis that lens capsule HSPG-Perlecan is a key molecule involved in lens fibre differentiation during development, probably by involvement in FGF-2 biodisponibility., Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Grant BFU207/6516), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant PIO20961), Junta de Castilla y León (Grants VA21A07, VA049/04, SAN673/VA15/08)

[ES] Proyecto aplicado que se basa en construir un dispositivo de captura de imagen analógico, con determinadas particularidades para representar la realidad, al tiempo que se reflexiona sobre la percepción y el inconscientye óptico., [EN] Applied project that is based on building a device analog image capture, with certain peculiarities to represent reality, while reflecting on the perception and optical unconscious.

[ES] Proyecto aplicado que se basa en construir un dispositivo de captura de imagen analógico, con determinadas particularidades para representar la realidad, al tiempo que se reflexiona sobre la percepción y el inconscientye óptico. [EN] Applied project that is based on building a device analog image capture, with certain peculiarities to represent reality, while reflecting on the perception and optical unconscious.

This work presents a multi-agent system for knowledge-based high-level event composition, which interprets activities, behaviour and situations semantically in a scenario with multi-sensory monitoring. A perception agent (plurisensory agent and visual agent)-based structure is presented. The agents process the sensor information and identify (agent decision system) significant changes in the monitored signals, which they send as simple events to the composition agent that searches for and identifies pre-defined patterns as higher-level semantic composed events. The structure has a methodology and a set of tools that facilitate its development and application to different fields without having to start from scratch. This creates an environment to develop knowledge-based systems generally for event composition. The application task of our work is surveillance, and event composition/inference examples are shown which characterize an alarming situation in the scene and resolve identification and tracking problems of people in the scenario being monitored.

A minha intenção ao escrever esta breve memória é a de descrever a minha experiência como Pianista Acompanhador durante os últimos trinta anos. Desse modo, aspiro a contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das funções que desempenho na Escola Superior de Música e das Artes do Espectáculo (IPP), e da relevância que a minha experiência artística teve e tem para a concretização dessas tarefas. A figura do pianista acompanhador representa um tipo muito particular de especialização musical. A sua intervenção no meio educativo é considerada essencial para o reforço da experiência performativa dos alunos. Ainda, o desempenho desta função no âmbito do ensino superior é revestido de uma importância particular, visto que os alunos deste nível se encontram já nos últimos estádios de aprendizagem formal, enquanto intérpretes.

This paper proposes a monitoring and interpretation framework inspired in the Model?View?Controller (MVC) paradigm. Indeed, the paper proposes the extension of the traditional MVC paradigm to make it more flexible in incorporating the functionalities of a monitoring and interpretation system. The proposed model is defined as a hybrid distributed system where remote nodes perform lower level processing as well as data acquisition, while a central node is in charge of collecting the information and of its fusion. Firstly, the framework levels as well as their functionalities are described. Then, a fundamental part of the proposed framework, namely the common model, is introduced.

Producción Científica, The key focus of this review is that both the neuroepithelium and embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) work in an integrated way to promote embryonic brain growth, morphogenesis and histiogenesis. The CSF generates pressure and also contains many biologically powerful trophic factors; both play key roles in early brain development. Accumulation of fluid via an osmotic gradient creates pressure that promotes rapid expansion of the early brain in a developmental regulated way, since the rates of growth differ between the vesicles and for different species. The neuroepithelium and ventricles both contribute to this growth but by different and coordinated mechanisms. The neuroepithelium grows primarily by cell proliferation and at the same time the ventricle expands via hydrostatic pressure generated by active transport of Na+ and transport or secretion of proteins and proteoglycans that create an osmotic gradient which contribute to the accumulation of fluid inside the sealed brain cavity. Recent evidence shows that the CSF regulates relevant aspects of neuroepithelial behavior such as cell survival, replication and neurogenesis by means of growth factors and morphogens. Here we try to highlight that early brain development requires the coordinated interplay of the CSF contained in the brain cavity with the surrounding neuroepithelium. The information presented is essential in order to understand the earliest phases of brain development and also how neuronal precursor behavior is regulated.

Producción Científica, Particularly evCerebrospinal fluid has shown itself to be an essential brain component during development. This is parident at the earliest stages of development where a lot of research, performed mainly in chick embryos, supports the evidence that cerebrospinal fluid is involved in different mechanisms controlling brain growth and morphogenesis, by exerting a trophic effect on neuroepithelial precursor cells (NPC) involved in controlling the behaviour of these cells. Despite it being known that cerebrospinal fluid in mammals is directly involved in corticogenesis at fetal stages, the influence of cerebrospinal fluid on the activity of NPC at the earliest stages of brain development has not been demonstrated. Here, using ‘‘in vitro’’ organotypic cultures of rat embryo brain neuroepithelium in order to expose NPC to or deprive them of cerebrospinal fluid, we show that the neuroepithelium needs the trophic influence of cerebrospinal fluid to undergo normal rates of cell survival, replication and neurogenesis, suggesting that NPC are not self-sufficient to induce their normal activity. This data shows that cerebrospinal fluid is an essential component in chick and rat early brain development, suggesting that its influence could be constant in higher vertebrates.

Producción Científica, Previous studies have demonstrated that during neural fold fusion in different species, an apical extracellular material rich in glycoconjugates is involved. However, the composi- tion and the biological role of this material remain undeter- mined. In this paper, we show that this extracellular matrix in rat increases notably prior to contact between the neural folds, suggesting the dynamic behaviour of the secretory process. Immunostaining has allowed us to demonstrate that this extracellular matrix contains chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG), with a spatio-temporal distribution pattern, suggesting a direct relationship with the process of adhesion. The degree of CSPG involvement in cephalic neu- ral fold fusion in rat embryos was determined by treatment with specific glycosidases. In vitro rat embryo culture and microinjection techniques were employed to carry out se- lective digestion, with chondroitinase AC, of the CSPG on the apical surface of the neural folds; this was done immediately prior to the bonding of the cephalic neural folds. In all the treated embryos, cephalic defects of neural fold fusion could tant role in the fusion of the cephalic neural folds in rat em- bryos, which implies that this proteoglycan could be in- volved in cellular recognition and adhesion. Abbreviations used in this paper CSPG chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan HSPG heparan sulphate proteoglycan PBS phosphate-buffered saline SEM scanning electron microscopy be detected. These results show that CSPG plays an impor

Producción Científica, Embryonic cerebrospinal £uid (E-CSF) is involved in the regulation of survival, proliferation and neurogenesis of neuroectodermal progenitor cells, aswell as in the control ofmesencephalic gene expression in collaboration with the isthmic organizer. Recently, we showed the presence of retinol-binding protein (RBP) within the E-CSF proteome.RBP is an all-trans retinol carrier, amolecule that can be metabolized into retinoic acid, a morphogen involved in central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis and patterning. Here we demonstrate the presence of all-trans retinol within the E-CSF and analyse the dynamics of RBP and all-trans retinolwithin this £uid, as well as the expression of retinoic acid-synthesizing enzymes during early CNS development. Our results suggest a relationship between the dynamics of these molecules and the early events of CNS patterning.

Producción Científica, Interleukin-1b (IL-1b) is an important trophic factor in the nervous system (NS). IL-1b is ubiquitously expressed from very early stages during the development of the amphibian NS and its action has been demonstrated in vitro on survival, proliferation and differ- entiation in mammalian embryos. In this report, we show that IL-1b is immunocytochemically expressed in embryonic spinal cord from early stages, both in rat (embryonic day 12) and in chicken (stage 17-HH), in neuroepithelial cells and nerve fibres, dorsal root ganglia, anterior and posterior roots of the spinal nerves, and in the fibres of these nerves. Our in vivo experiments on chick embryos, with micro- beads impregnated with IL-1b implanted laterally to the spinal cord at the level of the wing anlage, demonstrate that this cytokine pro- duces a statistically significant increase in nuclear incorporation of BrdU at the dorsal level and a reduction of this at the ventral level, whereas local immunoblocking with anti-IL-1b antibodies causes a dorsal reduction of BrdU incorporation and alters ventral differen- tiation. These data demonstrate that IL-1b plays a part in controlling proliferation and early differentiation during the development of the spinal cord in chick embryos.

Producción Científica, Early in development, the behavior of neuroepithelial cells is controlled by several factors, which act in a developmentally regulated manner. Dif- fusible factors are secreted locally by the neuroepithelium itself, although other nearby structures may also be involved. Evidence suggests a physio- logical role for the cerebrospinal fluid in the development of the brain. Here, using organotypic cultures of chick embryo neuroepithelial explants from the mesencephalon, we show that the neuroepithelium in vitro is not able to self-induce cell survival, replication, and neurogenesis. We also show that the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF) promotes neuroepithelial stem cell survival and induces proliferation and neurogenesis in mesencephalic explants. These data strongly suggest that E-CSF is involved in the regu- lation of neuroepithelial cells behavior, supporting the hypothesis that this fluid plays a key role during the early development of the central nervous system.