Search

In this study we report the evaluaton of the occurrence of volunteer plants of soybean with or without the incidence of rust in the regions Planalto Norte and Planalto Serrano in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, between June 15th and September 15th, 2009. We evaluated 67 crops: 56 in Planalto Norte and 11 in Planalto Serrano. The plants were sent to the Laboratory of Plant Pathology at Epagri/Experiment Staton of Canoinhas, in Canoinhas, and to Udesc, in Lages, both in SC, where the presence of rust was examined under stereoscopic microscope. There was occurrence of volunteer plants and theabsence of soybean rust in these plants. No presente trabalho é relatada a avaliação da incidência da ferrugem asiátca em plantas voluntárias de soja, no Planalto Norte e Planalto Serrano do Estado de Santa Catarina no período que compreendeu o vazio sanitário no ano de 2009, de 15 de junho a 15 de setembro. Foram avaliadas 67 lavouras, sendo 56 localizadas no Planalto Norte e 11 no Planalto Serrano. As plantas foram encaminhadas para os Laboratórios de Fitopatologia da Epagri/Estação Experimental de Canoinhas e para a Udesc de Lages, onde foram examinadas sob microscópio estereoscópico para verifcação da presença do agente causal da ferrugem. Observou-se a ocorrência de plantas voluntárias de soja, mas sem a ocorrência do patógeno causador daferrugem asiátca durante o período de vazio sanitário.

Stalk rot (SR) and grain rot (GR) occur frequently in crops of maize, causing losses to farmers. The objectve of this study was to evaluate the incidence of SR and GR in six cultvars of maize during the early cycle, conducted in two different sowing dates and to identfy the fungal species associated. The experiment was carried out during the 2007-2008 growing season, in no-tll system and monoculture area, having rye as the preceding winter crop. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete blocks, distributed in a factorial 6 x 2 (six corn cultvars x two sowing dates), with four replicatons. The treatments were: S1 (P30F53/70,000 pl/ha), S2 (AGN 30A09 / 65,000 pl/ha), S3 (CD 308/60,000 pl/ha), S4 (DKB 240/70,000 pl/ ha), S5 (open-pollinated variety SCS154 Fortuna/50,000 pl/ha) and S6 (open-pollinated variety SCS155 Catarina/50,000 pl/ha). The treatments had different behaviors on the incidence of SR and GR. Treatments S1 and S4 had a higher incidence of SR and treatments S1 and S6 had the highest percentage of GR. Fungi Stenocarpella maydis and Fusarium vertcillioides were the mainpathogens to cause SR while Fusarium vertcillioides was predominant in the GR As podridões da base do colmo (PBC) e grãos ardidos (GA) ocorrem com frequência nas lavouras de milho, causandoprejuízos aos produtores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de PBC e GA em seis cultivares de milho de ciclo precocee verificar as espécies fúngicas associadas. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2007-08, em área de monocultura esob semeadura direta com cobertura morta de centeio. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, distribuídono esquema fatorial 6 x 2 (seis cultivares de milho x duas épocas de semeadura), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram:S1 (P30F53); S2 (AGN 30A09); S3 (CD 308); S4 (DKB 240); S5 (variedade de polinização aberta SCS154 Fortuna) e S6 (variedadede polinização aberta SCS155 Catarina). Os tratamentos apresentaram comportamento diferenciado quanto à incidência dePBC e GA. Nos tratamentos S1 e S4 ocorreu maior incidência de PBC e em S1 e S6 ocorreu maior percentagem de GA. Osfungos Stenocarpella maydis e Fusarium verticillioides destacaram-se entre os patógenos causadores de PCB, enquanto nosGAs houve predominância de F. verticillioides.

The fungus Fusarium graminearum was one of the first pathogens described as causing infections in rice; however, in Brazil, there is no description of its occurrence in panicles. The present study aimed to describe the symptoms caused by F. graminearum infection in irrigated rice grains. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in duplicate using the irrigated rice cultivar SCS 121CL and hybrid INOV CL at the R4 (flowering) stage. Two isolate of Fusarium graminearium species complex 15A (F. graminearium - 15-ADON) and FmNiv (F. meridionale - Nivalenol), was inoculated onto panicles by spraying with macroconidia and the development of symptoms was monitored until harvest. There was no difference in symptoms among isolates. Light brown spots were observed in the glumes three days after inoculation. These later evolved into brown lesions of irregular shape and size. The glume darkened to purple when the grains were in the filling stage (R6). On maturation, the glume showed dark brown coloration. Severely infected grains were shriveled and brittle. RESUMO: O fungo Fusarium graminearum foi um dos primeiros patógenos descritos na cultura do arroz, no entanto, no Brasil, não há descrição de sua ocorrência em panículas. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever os sintomas ocasionados pela infecção de F. graminearum em grãos de arroz irrigado. O experimento foi conduzido, em casa de vegetação, duas vezes, com a cultivar de arroz irrigado SCS 121CL e o Híbrido INOV CL no estádio R4 (florescimento). Dois isolados de espécies do complexo Fusarium graminearium, 15A (F. graminearium - 15ADON) e FmNiv (F, meridionale - Nivalenol) foram inoculados em panículas por aspersão de macroconídios, com acompanhamento da evolução dos sintomas até a colheita. Não houve diferença entre os isolados. Pontos de coloração parda foram observados nas glumas três dias após inoculação, evoluindo, posteriormente, para lesões de coloração marrom-claro de tamanho e forma irregular. Houve escurecimento total da gluma com coloração arroxeada quando os grãos encontravam-se no estádio de enchimento de grão (R6). Na maturação de colheita a gluma dos grãos apresentava coloração marrom-escuro. Grãos severamente infectados mostraram-se chochos e quebradiços.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of rosemary, cinnamon, citronella grass, and clove essential oils on the in vitro growth of Penicillium expansum, on the diameter of blue mold lesions, and on the physical and chemical attributes of 'Fuji' apples stored under refrigeration for different periods of time. The compositions of the essential oils were determined, and their effects on the growth inhibition, number, and viability of fungal spores in vitro were evaluated at 0, 100, and 1,000 μL L-1 oil concentrations. At postharvest, evaluations were performed for fruit treated with 0, 50, 100, and 500 μL L-1 essential oil and kept under refrigeration for 30 days, and for fruit treated with 0, 100, and 500 μL L-1 oil and kept under refrigeration for two days. The essential oils - eucalyptol (rosemary), eugenol (cinnamon), citronellal (citronella), and eugenol (clove) - reduce the growth, number, and viability of P. expansum spores 24 hours after the induction to germination, as well as the diameter of blue mold lesions in apples, except for citronella oil at 500 μL L-1 after 30 days of cold storage. There are no changes in the physicochemical attributes of apples, treated with different concentrations of the oils after refrigeration for five months, followed by seven days at room temperature. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de óleos essenciais de alecrim, canela, citronela e cravo-da-índia sobre o crescimento de Penicillium expansum in vitro, o diâmetro de lesões de mofo-azul e os atributos físico-químicos em maçã 'Fuji', armazenada sob refrigeração por diferentes períodos. As composições dos óleos essenciais foram determinadas, e seus efeitos sobre a inibição do crescimento, o número e a viabilidade de esporos do fungo in vitro foram avaliados quanto às concentrações de 0, 100 e 1.000 μL L-1. No período pós-colheita, avaliaram-se os frutos tratados com 0, 50, 100 e 500 μL L-1 de óleo essencial e armazenados sob refrigeração por 30 dias e os frutos tratados com 0, 100 e 500 μL L-1 de óleo essencial e mantidos sob refrigeração por dois dias. Os óleos essenciais - eucaliptol (alecrim), eugenol (canela), citronelal (citronela) e eugenol (cravo) - reduzem o crescimento, o número e a viabilidade de esporos de P. expansum 24 horas após o estímulo à germinação, bem como o diâmetro de lesões de mofo-azul em maçãs, à exceção do óleo de citronela a 500 μL L-1, após 30 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. Não há alteração dos atributos físico-químicos de maçãs tratadas com diferentes concentrações dos óleos, após a refrigeração por cinco meses, seguida de sete dias à temperatura ambiente.

RESUMO As doenças foliares do arroz podem comprometer o enchimento e a maturação dos grãos por acelerar a sua secagem e, consequentemente, reduzir o rendimento industrial. O uso de fungicida tem o potencial de reduzir os danos das doenças foliares da cultura e aumentar o rendimento industrial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o número de aplicação de fungicida em diferentes estádios fenológicos no controle de doenças foliares para o patossistema múltiplo (brusone, mancha parda e escaldadura) e sua relação com o rendimento industrial (rendimento de benefício, grãos inteiros e grãos quebrados). Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas safras agrícolas 2011/12 e 2012/13 no município de Rio do Oeste, localizado no Alto Vale do Itajaí, estado de Santa Catarina. Nos experimentos foi utilizada a cultivar SCS 116 Satoru. O delineamento foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos constituídos de aplicações de mistura de fungicida difenoconazol e azoxistrobina, sendo um dos tratamentos (testemunha) sem aplicação. As aplicações de fungicidas foram feita no estádio vegetativo V8 e nos reprodutivos R0, R2, R4 e R6. A colheita foi de forma manual, colhendo-se 2m2 da área central de cada parcela. Uma, duas, três, quatro e cinco aplicações de fungicida apresentaram incremento médio em relação á testemunha nas duas safras, de 6%, 7,2%, 13,1%, 17,4% e 19,2% no rendimento debenefício,14,6%, 28,5%, 36,1%, 45% e 48,7% para grãos inteiros e reduziu o percentual de grãos quebrados em 4,4%, 13,2%, 21,7%, 35% e 41,4,1%, respectivamente. ABSTRACT Leaf diseases of rice can compromise grain filling and spikelet maturation for accelerating the drying of grains and, consequently, reducing the industrial yield. The use of fungicide has the potential to reduce the damage from leaf diseases and increase the industrial yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of fungicide application at different growth stages on the control of leaf diseases for multiple pathosystem (blast, brown spot and scald) and its relationship with the industrial yield (income benefit, whole and broken grains). The experiments were conducted in the growing seasons 2011/12 and 2012/13 in Rio do Oeste County, located at Alto Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina State. Rice cultivar SCS 116 Satoru was used. Experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates and six treatments constituted of applications of a mixture of fungicides difenoconazole and azoxystrobin, while one of the treatments (control) received no chemical application. Fungicide applications were performed at V8 vegetative stage and at the reproductive stages R0, R2, R4 and R6. Harvest was manually performed, obtaining 2m2 of the central area of each plot. One, two, three, four and five fungicide applications showed an average increase, compared to the control, in the two seasons, of 6%, 7.2%, 13.1%, 17.4% and 19.2% of the income benefit, 14.6%, 28.5%, 36.1%, 45% and 48.7% for whole grains, while the percentage of broken grains reduced by 4.4%, 13.2%, 21.7%, 35% and 41.4%, respectively.

This work aimed at testing some natural and synthetic substances, not phytotoxics and not lethal for the fauna, to verify the repellence action for the consuming wild animals of Parana-Pine seeds, in two direct sowing experiments in the field. In experiment I, there was the direct application of the treatments in the Parana-Pine seeds and, in the experiment II, there was the application of the treatments only in the surface of the plantation hollows, after the sowing of Parana-Pine seeds. The Parana-Pine seeds and the treatments were prepared at Laboratory of Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, University of Santa Catarina State, at Lages city, Brazil. The experiments were carried to a native-antropic field area at Lages city. It was adopted the experimental design of randomized blocks for both experiments. Experiment I was composed of 15 treatments, 10 seeds per treatment, with 4 replications, and experiment II was composed of 11 treatments, 10 seeds per treatment, with 4 replications. The tested substances, isolated or in mixtures, were: fruit of red pepper, root of parsley, stem and leaf of wormwood herb, lemon scented gum essential oil, linseed oil, castor bean oil, rosin, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, sulphur, látex ink and calcium lignosulfonate. Through the periodic inspections, during 167 and 165 days respectively for the experiments I and II, data were collected and organized through the attacked and not attacked Paraná-Pine seeds, being submitted to statistical analysis later. The predation rates were considered high for both experiments: 86,7% in experiment I and 84,3% in experiment II. In the experiment with treated Parana-Pine seeds, the longer time for the beginning of the predation was 104 days after the sowing, while, in the experiment with treatment in the environment (hollows), it was 64 days after the sowing. Solution of rosin and alcohol + lemon scented gum oil, applied in the seeds, presented potential for reduction of the predation level. The treatments with linseed oil presented changeable behaviors, equally to the treatments with latex ink, in the experiment with treated Parana-Pine seeds. In the experiment with treated hollows, the lignosulfonate of calcium in mixture with extracts of pepper, with root of parsley and with wormwood herb presented significant effect of reduction on the predation. The solution of linseed with red pepper extracts and with root of parsley extract also had significant effect for reduction of the predation of these seeds, in the experiment with treated hollows