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The high turgor pressure across the plasma membrane of yeasts creates a requirement for substantial force production by actin polymerization and myosin motor activity for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Endocytic internalization is severely impeded in the absence of fimbrin, an actin filament crosslinking protein called Sac6 in budding yeast. Here, we combine live-cell imaging and mathematical modeling to gain insights into the role of actin filament crosslinking proteins in force generation. Genetic manipulation showed that CME sites with more crosslinking proteins are more effective at internalization under high load. Simulations of an experimentally constrained, agent-based mathematical model recapitulate the result that endocytic networks with more double-bound fimbrin molecules internalize the plasma membrane against elevated turgor pressure more effectively. Networks with large numbers of crosslinks also have more growing actin filament barbed ends at the plasma membrane, where the addition of new actin monomers contributes to force generation and vesicle internalization. Our results provide a richer understanding of the crucial role played by actin filament crosslinking proteins during actin network force generation, highlighting the contribution of these proteins to the self-organization of the actin filament network and force generation under increased load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Why you should read this article: • To improve your understanding of the causes and risk factors for violent or aggressive patient behaviour • To identify strategies that nurses and healthcare organisations can use to reduce violence and aggression • To count towards revalidation as part of your 35 hours of CPD, or you may wish to write a reflective account (UK readers) • To contribute towards your professional development and local registration renewal requirements (non-UK readers) Half of all reported violent incidents in healthcare settings occur in the emergency department (ED), so ED nurses are disproportionately affected by violence and aggression. Violence and aggression can cause physical injury, psychological harm, delays to patient care, eroded staff morale, increased sick leave and low staff retention. This article explores potential causes and risk factors for violent or aggressive behaviour from patients and visitors in the ED. It discusses risk assessment tools, management approaches and risk reduction strategies that can be used in the ED to tackle violence and aggression. The article also features a case study describing a successful small-scale trial of body-worn cameras at an East London ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Powers of Persuasion: the Inside Story of British Advertising. Winston Fletcher. Oxford University Press. £16.99. vii + 288 pages. ISBN 978-0-19-922801-0. Advertising contributes around £6.5 thousand million to the British [...] more...

The Darlings of Downing Street: The Psychosexual Drama of Power. Garry O'Connor. Politico's. £18.99. xv + 351 pages. ISBN 978-1-84275-202-9. This is politics as performance art, politics as soap opera [...] more...

The article presents the author's views on the policy of nuclear deterrence of European countries. A nation has to appear to be prepared to use nuclear weapons in certain circumstances, if it wishes to deter war through the fear that nuclear weapons will be used. However, the author rejects concepts of limited nuclear war because there is no guarantee that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization will emerge better off after any nuclear exchange programs. more...

Investigates the need for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to take some risks to raise the nuclear threshold and to relax East-West tensions. Mood of complacency about the nuclear issue spreading across government circles in Great Britain and Germany; Serious error for official NATO circles to relax and lose the opportunity to reconsider and reform the Alliance's nuclear policy. more...

The Man Who Knew Too Much: Alan Turing and the Invention of the Computer. David Leavitt. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. £16.99. 319 pages. ISBN 13-978-0-297-84655-0. The English mathematician, Alan Turing, laid [...] more...

Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy. Noam Chomsky. Hamish Hamilton. £16.99. vi + 311 pages. ISBN 0-8050-7912-2. It could reasonably be argued that since the [...]

Twelve Cities: A Memoir. Roy Jenkins, Macmillan. 20.00 £. 249 pages. ISBN 1-4050-0031-7. Roy Jenkins was a leading figure in British and European politics of the second half of the [...]

Pope John XXIII. Thomas Cahill. Weideafeld & Nicolson. £ 14.99. 275 pages. ISBN 0-297-82939-4. John XXIII was Pope for less than five years in the middle of the last century, [...]