Search

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with ubiquitous distribution caused by spirochetes belonging to the genus Leptospira sp., endemic mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and capable of infecting domestic animals, free-living animals, and humans. Although well documented in terrestrial animals and humans, little information is available on its distribution and impact on marine animals. There are few studies assessing cetaceans’ health status, and even scarcer are those focused on leptospirosis research. In this context, considering the One Health approach, the present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of pathogenic Leptospira sp. in cetaceans on the Brazilian coast. Kidneys of 142 cetaceans belonging to 19 species were collected. DNA was extracted, and the diagnosis was performed by LipL32-polymerase chain reaction. Genetic characterization was conducted based on secY gene sequencing. Pathogenic Leptospira sp. DNA was detected in 14.8% (21/142) of the tested cetaceans, with coastal species presenting a significantly higher frequency (p-value = 0.03) of infected individuals (25%, 17/68) than oceanic species (7.5%, 4/53). It was possible to amplify and sequence three strains (one for Sotalia guianensis, one for Stenella clymene, and one for Pontoporia blainvillei), all of them identified as Leptospira interrogans, with high similarity with sequences from Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Phylogenetic analysis revealed sequences from the present study grouped in species-specific unique clusters but very close to pinnipeds in the same area, evidencing the presence of two distinct haplotypes circulating on marine mammals in the region. We could demonstrate that cetaceans can act as carriers of pathogenic leptospires. Moreover, the proximity with anthropogenic areas could play an important role in leptospirosis’ dynamics of transmission in a One Health context.

Genus Syncyamus Bowman, 1955 Diagnosis Antenna 1 short, 4-segmented, terminal article sparsely setose. Lower lip inner lobes fused. Maxilla 2 outer lobes fused. Maxillipeds inner lobes triangular, fused basally, outer lobes lacking, palps lacking. Gnathopod 1 palm short, dactylus very recurved. Gnathopod 2 propodus robust, palm short. Pereonites 3 and 4 short, with uniramous lateral gills, sausage-shaped. Accessory gills present, sausage-shaped, spinelike processes on the base of lateral gills absent. Oostegites plates 3–4 boot shaped. Type species Syncyamus pseudorcae Bowman, 1955., Published as part of Iwasa-Arai, Tammy, Carvalho, Vitor Luz & Serejo, Cristiana Silveira, 2017, Updates on Cyamidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda): redescriptions of Cyamus monodontis Lütken, 1870 and Cyamus nodosus Lütken, 1861, a new species of Isocyamus, and new host records for Syncyamus ilheusensis Haney, De Almeida and Reis, 2004, pp. 2225-2245 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (37 - 38) on page 2241, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1365965, http://zenodo.org/record/4746859, {"references":["Bowman TE. 1955. A new genus and species of whale-louse (Amphipoda: Cyamidae) from the false killer whale. Bull Mar Sci. 5: 315 - 320."]}

Syncyamus ilheusensis Haney, De Almeida and Reis, 2004 (Figure 8) Syncyamus ilheusensis Haney, De Almeida and Reis, 2004: 410–416, figs 1–5. Material examined Host Peponocephala electra: one male, 3.4 mm, four females, 3.4–5.5 mm, two juveniles, 1.5 mm, Aracati (4.457°S; 37.746°W), Ceará, Brazil, MNRJ 26765 (AQUASIS 02C1511/562); one male, 3.2 mm, two ovigerous females, 3.5–4.3 mm, one female, 3.6 mm, Fortaleza (3.808°S; 38.411°W), Ceará, Brazil, MNRJ 26766 (AQUASIS 05C1511/673); host Stenella clymene: one male, 3.1 mm, one female, 4.3 mm, Aquiraz (3.893°S; 38.353°W), Ceará, Brazil, MNRJ 28469 (AQUASIS 02C1151/720); host Globicephala macrorhynchus: one male, 3.5 mm, Cruz (2.812°S; 40.415°W), Ceará, Brazil, MNRJ 26767 (AQUASIS 02C1921/527). Hosts Globicephala macrorhynchus, Peponocephala electra (new host record), Stenella clymene (new host record). Diagnosis (adapted from Haney et al. 2004) Anterior margin of pereonite 2 bilobed, with intern lobe much larger in size (Figure 8 (a)); lateral gills uniramous and ventrally directed, not reaching anterior margin of pereonite 2 (Figure 8 (b,c)); accessory gills of male subtriangular, approximately two-thirds length of lateral gill; pereonites 3 and 4 lacking acute ventral processes; pereonites 5 and 6 of male bearing two pairs of acute ventral processes, pereonite 7 of male with one pair of acute ventral processes (Figure 8 (d)). Remarks Syncyamus is a genus of small cyamids composed of four described species all of which are ectoparasites of warm-water dolphins. Syncyamus ilheusensis differs from S. aequus Lincoln and Hurley, 1981 by the number of acute ventral processes on pereonite 5, the presence of accessory gills in males and larger body size. Syncyamus ilheusensis differs from S. pseudorcae Bowman, 1955 by the asymmetrical lobes on anterior margin of pereonite 2, the absence of acute ventral processes on pereonites 3 and 4, and the presence of an acute process on the postero-medial margin of the basi-ischium of pereopod 7. The original description of S. ilheusensis was based on specimens collected from a short-finned pilot whale (G. macrorhynchus) stranded on the north-east coast of Brazil (Haney et al. 2004). The specimens examined from P. electra and S. clymene agree with the general description of S. ilheusensis. A small difference was noticed, in the presence of a large blunt process on the postero-medial margin of the basi-ischium of pereopod 7 instead of a small acute process (Figure 8 (d)). Comparative material examined from G. macrorhynchus also exhibited a blunt process. This is a new record of S. ilheusensis for Ceará, which was also found on different host species, P. electra and S. clymene. It is known that melon-headed whales host another species of whale-louse, Isocyamus delphinii (Wardle et al. 2000); however, the two cyamids were not recorded together. Cyamids from Stenella clymene were previously assessed by Carvalho et al. (2010), who reported the whale louse S. pseudorcae., Published as part of Iwasa-Arai, Tammy, Carvalho, Vitor Luz & Serejo, Cristiana Silveira, 2017, Updates on Cyamidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda): redescriptions of Cyamus monodontis Lütken, 1870 and Cyamus nodosus Lütken, 1861, a new species of Isocyamus, and new host records for Syncyamus ilheusensis Haney, De Almeida and Reis, 2004, pp. 2225-2245 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (37 - 38) on pages 2241-2242, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1365965, http://zenodo.org/record/4746859, {"references":["Haney TA, De Almeida AO, Reis MSS. 2004. A new species of cyamid (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from a stranded cetacean in Southern Bahia, Brazil. Bull Mar Sci. 75: 409 - 421.","Lincoln RJ, Hurley DE. 1981. A new species of the whale-louse Syncyamus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Cyamidae) ectoparasitic on dolphins from South Africa. Ann Cape Prov Mus Nat Hist. 13: 187 - 194.","Bowman TE. 1955. A new genus and species of whale-louse (Amphipoda: Cyamidae) from the false killer whale. Bull Mar Sci. 5: 315 - 320.","Wardle WJ, Haney TA, Worthy GAJ. 2000. New host record for the whale louse Isocyamus delphinii (Amphipoda, Cyamidae). Crustaceana. 73: 639 - 641.","Carvalho VL, Bevilaqua CML, Iniguez AM, Mathews-Cascon H, Ribeiro FB, Pessoa LMB, Meirelles ACO, Borges JCG, Marigo J, Soares L, et al. 2010. Metazoan parasites of cetaceans off the northeastern coast of Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 173: 116 - 122."]}

Iwasa-Arai, Tammy, Carvalho, Vitor Luz, Serejo, Cristiana Silveira (2017): Updates on Cyamidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda): redescriptions of Cyamus monodontis Lütken, 1870 and Cyamus nodosus Lütken, 1861, a new species of Isocyamus, and new host records for Syncyamus ilheusensis Haney, De Almeida and Reis, 2004. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (37-38): 2225-2245, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1365965, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1365965

The Omura’s whale (Balaenoptera omurai), previously referred to as a small form of Bryde’s whale, was described in 2003 as a distinct baleen whale species of the family Balaenopteridae. Omura’s whales are currently confirmed to occur in three of the world’s oceans; the western Pacific, Indian, and northeastern Atlantic. Here we report the genetic identification and a morphological description of a 4.16 m female calf of an Omura’s whale found stranded in Pec em beach (03 32011.6″S, 38 47051.8″W), northeastern Brazil, in 2010. The three mitochondrial DNA markers (control region, cytochrome b, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) unequivocally identified the specimen as a B. omurai, providing the first report of this species in the South Atlantic Ocean. The morphological identification of the specimen was limited due to the absence of the skull and loss of color pattern, but the proportions of the body were not consistent with the other balenopterid species and a single rostrum ridge distinguished it from Bryde’s whales. This, together with the record of another juvenile in Mauritania, suggests the existence of an autochthonous Atlantic population of Omura’s whales and indicates a necessity of reassessment of specimens indicated as Bryde’s whale in the region.

The aim of this study was to isolate Sirenia fungi and cetaceans in Brazil to investigate phenotypic aspects, genotypic, diagnostics and virulence. Thus, it was collected with sterile swabs, oral cavity material, nostril / blowhole, genital opening and / or rectum of 104 animals, including 50-manatees of-Amazon (inunguis Trichechus), 33 manatees Navy ( T. manatus), 13 porpoises-red (Inia geoffrensis), three dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima), two dolphins head-to-melon (Peponocephala electra) a pygmy sperm whale (K. breviceps), a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Among these animals, one Amazonian manatee eight manatees navy had suspected ringworm skin lesions, performed skin scrapings. The swabs were plated onto Sabouraud agar plates containing chloramphenicol, maintained at 37 ° C for five days, while skin scales were seeded in tubes containing Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol at 25 ° C for ten days. The yeasts were identified by biochemical tests, micromorphology, automated system Vitek, PCR, RFLP and / or sequencing as filamentous fungi were identified by the macro and micromorphology. The strains of Candida spp. (N = 114) obtained were subjected to the broth microdilution test for evaluation of the sensitivity profile to antifungals itraconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B and the test production of virulence factors (phospholipases, proteases and biofilm). Yeast C. albicans species were submitted to molecular typing by MLST. Two cases of skin surface mycoses in sirenians been diagnosed, a mixed levedurose by C. tropicalis and Trichosporon asahii and a case phaeohyphomycosis by Bipolaris hawaiiensis, and an outbreak of Fusarium (Fusarium sp.). 155 strains were isolated, and 112 inunguis T. (40 Candida albicans, 14 C. parapsilosis strictly speaking, 3 C. metapsilosis, 4 C. orthopsilosis, 9 C. guilliermondii, C. pelliculosa 3, 2 C. tropicalis, 2 C . glabrata, C. famata, 1, 1 C. krusei, C. norvegensis 1, C 1 Ciferri, 22 Trichosporon sp., 6 T.asahii, 2 Rhodotorula sp., Cryptococcus laurentii 1) T. manatus 29 (12 C. albicans, C. tropicalis,4 4 C. famata, C. guilliermondii 3, 1 C. krusei, 1 Rhodotorula sp., 2 R. mucilaginosa, R 1 minute, 1 Trichosporon sp.) and 14 cetaceans (6 C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis 2, 2 C. famata, 1 Candida sp., 3 Cryptococcus sp.). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to amphotericin B ranged from 0.03 to 1μg / ml, resistant strains were observed. The MICs of itraconazole and fluconazole ranged from 0.03 to 16 g / ml and 0.125 to 64 mg / ml, respectively, and found resistance to at least one drug in 34.2% of the isolates, especially C. albicans and C. tropicalis. As for the virulence factors tested, 50% phospholipases produced with high frequency in C. albicans; 50% produced proteases, with a higher prevalence in C. albicans and C. tropicalis; and 35% produced biofilm in varying scales, with higher prevalence in C. tropicalis, and C. orthopsilosis. Molecular typing was performed with 45 strains of C. albicans, yielding genotypes from six clades among the 18 species existing for varying according to the host and geographic location. Based on the above, this study represents a systematic, multidisciplinary contribution about mycology aquatic mammals. O objetivo desse trabalho foi isolar fungos de sirênios e cetáceos no Brasil, visando investigar aspectos fenotípicos, genotípicos, diagnósticos e de virulência. Para tanto, foi coletado‚ com swabs estéreis‚ material da cavidade oral‚ narina/espiráculo‚ abertura genital e/ou reto de 104 animais, incluindo 50 peixes-bois-da-Amazônia (Trichechus inunguis), 33 peixes-bois-marinho (T. manatus), 13 botos-vermelhos (Inia geoffrensis), três cachalotes-anão (Kogia sima), dois golfinhos-cabeça-de-melão (Peponocephala electra)‚ um cachalote-pigmeu (K. breviceps)‚ um cachalote (Physeter macrocephalus) e uma baleia-jubarte (Megaptera novaeangliae). Dentre estes animais, um peixe-boi-da-Amazônia e oito peixes-boi-marinho apresentaram lesões suspeitas de micose cutânea, sendo realizados raspados de pele. Os swabs foram semeados em placas contendo ágar Sabouraud com cloranfenicol‚ mantidas a 37ºC por cinco dias, enquanto as escamas de pele foram semeadas em tubos contendo ágar Sabouraud com cloranfenicol a 25ºC por dez dias. As leveduras isoladas foram identificadas através de provas bioquímicas, micromorfologia, sistema automatizado Vitek, PCR, RFLP e/ou sequenciamento, enquanto os fungos filamentosos foram identificados pela macro e micromorfologia. As cepas de Candida spp. (n=114) obtidas foram submetidas ao teste de microdiluição em caldo para avaliação do perfil de sensibilidade aos antifúngicos itraconazol‚ fluconazol e anfotericina B e aos testes de produção de fatores de virulência (fosfolipases, proteases e biofilme). Leveduras da espécie C. albicans foram submetidas à tipagem molecular por MLST. Foram diagnosticados dois casos de micoses superficiais cutâneas em sirênios, sendo uma levedurose mista por C. tropicalis e Trichosporon asahii e um caso de feohifomicose por Bipolaris hawaiiensis, bem como um surto de fusariose (Fusarium sp.). Foram isoladas 155 cepas‚ sendo 112 de T. inunguis (40 Candida albicans‚ 14 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto‚ 3 C. metapsilosis, 4 C. orthopsilosis, 9 C. guilliermondii‚ 3 C. pelliculosa‚ 2 C. tropicalis‚ 2 C. glabrata‚ 1 C. famata‚ 1 C. krusei‚ 1 C. norvegensis‚ 1 C. ciferri‚ 22 Trichosporon sp.‚ 6 T.asahii, 2 Rhodotorula sp., 1 Cryptococcus laurentii), 29 de T. manatus (12 C. albicans‚ 4 C. tropicalis‚4 C. famata‚ 3 C. guilliermondii‚ 1 C. krusei‚ 1 Rhodotorula sp.‚ 2 R. mucilaginosa, 1 R. minuta, 1 Trichosporon sp.) e 14 de cetáceos (6 C. tropicalis, 2 C. parapsilosis, 2 C. famata, 1 Candida sp., 3 Cryptococcus sp.). As concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIMs) para anfotericina B variaram de 0‚03 a 1µg/mL‚ não sendo observadas cepas resistentes. As CIMs de itraconazol e fluconazol variaram de 0‚03 a 16 µg/ml e de 0‚125 a 64 µg/ml‚ respectivamente‚ sendo constatada resistência a pelo menos uma droga em 34‚2% dos isolados, com destaque para C. albicans e C. tropicalis. Quanto aos fatores de virulência testados, 50% produziram fosfolipases, com elevada frequência em C. albicans; 50% produziram proteases, com maior prevalência em C. albicans e C. tropicalis; e 35% produziram biofilme em escalas variáveis, com maior prevalência em C. tropicalis e C. orthopsilosis. A tipagem molecular foi realizada com 45 cepas de C. albicans, obtendo-se genótipos pertencentes a seis clados dentre os 18 existentes para a espécie, variando de acordo com o hospedeiro e localização geográfica. Baseado no exposto, esse estudo representa uma contribuição sistemática e multidisciplinar acerca da micologia de mamíferos aquáticos.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da substituição da proteína da clara de ovo por proteína de soja crua na dieta de ratos em crescimento sobre o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, eficiência alimentar e parâmetros séricos (proteínas totais, albumina, aminotransferases, uréia, creatinina e amilase pancreática), visando estabelecer limites biologicamente seguros para inclusão de soja crua na dieta dos animais por períodos de curta duração. Foram utilizados 24 ratos divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos de quatro animais e alimentados com dietas contendo cinco percentuais de substituição de proteína da clara de ovo por proteína de soja (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) e um grupo com dieta aprotéica. Os animais foram mantidos por 10 dias com fornecimento de água e alimento ad libitum. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que não houve diferença significativa no consumo entre os tratamentos testados. O ganho de peso e a eficiência alimentar observados no tratamento com 25% de substituição foram equivalentes aos obtidos com clara do ovo como única fonte de proteína. Albumina sérica, aminotransferases e creatinina não foram afetadas pelo aumento do percentual de soja crua, mas houve aumento da concentração de uréia no soro a partir de 50% de substituição. Proteínas totais e amilase pancreática sérica foram afetadas pela proteína da soja crua somente acima de 75% de substituição. Análises de regressão demonstraram que a substituição da proteína da clara de ovo por proteína de soja crua em até 30% foi inócua para o desempenho e parâmetros séricos de ratos em crescimento. This work aimed to evaluate the replacement of egg white protein for raw soybean protein in diets for weaned rats on feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency and serum parameters (total protein, albumin, aminotransferases, urea, creatinine and pancreatic amylase). Twenty four weaned rats were randomly assigned to six groups of four animals which were fed diets containing five percentages of soybean protein (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), plus a non-proteic diet group. Animals were kept for 10 days with food and water ad libitum. Results showed that feed intake did not differ significantly among treatments tested. Body weight gain and feed efficiency of rats treated with 25% substitution diets did not differ from the control group. Serum albumin, aminotransferases and creatinine were not affected by increased amounts of soybean in rations, whilst serum urea was affected by inclusion of soybean in diets in values equal or above 50%. Total protein and pancreatic amylase were affected when soybean was present at 75% or more. Regression analysis showed that egg white protein replacement by soybean protein at up to 30% did not affect the tested traits of the growing rats.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-15T13:12:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Carlos Gomes Borges.pdf: 1260294 bytes, checksum: 43236ab101e2f29881f9f2d010f259b3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T13:12:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Carlos Gomes Borges.pdf: 1260294 bytes, checksum: 43236ab101e2f29881f9f2d010f259b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-22 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES With five significant biomes and the largest river system in the World, Brazil has the richest continental biota on the planet, which has led to the country being classified as megadiverse. In Brazil, several species of aquatic mammals have been suffering almost constantly form the anthropogenic, and sometimes triggering, effects of different parasitic agents. However, our scientific knowledge of the parasitic fauna of aquatic mammals remains limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to diagnose infections caused by Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia sp. and endoparasites among aquatic mammals in Brazil. To do this, 553 samples were collected from fecal content and the gastrointestinal tract of several species of cetaceans, sirenians (Antillean and Amazonian manatees) and mustelids (neotropical and giant otters) in the North (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia) and Northeast (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Sergipe, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte) of Brazil. Samples were obtained from animals that were kept in captivity and others in the wild, including specimens that lived in rivers, coastlines and oceans. For Cryptosporidium spp., the fecal samples were processed by Kinyoun technique. Concerning the identification of Giardia sp. cysts and helminth eggs, the material collected was submitted to flotation (Willis and Faust) and sedimentation (Hoffman) methods, followed by the Flotac technique. All samples were subjected to the direct immunofluorescence test. In the results obtained, a notable infection was caused by the digenetic trematode of the Opistothrematidae family (Pulmonicola cochleotrema), with an infection prevalence of approximately 7.95% (07/88) among Antillean manatees. The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. was confirmed in five species: Lontra longicaudis (15.28%); Pteronura brasiliensis (41.66%); Sotalia guianensis (9.67%); Trichechus inunguis (16.03%) and Trichechus manatus (13.79%). Giardia sp. was diagnosed in the following species: L. longicaudis (9.23%); P. brasiliensis (29.16%); Kogia breviceps (100%); Kogia sima (25%); S. guianensis (9.67%); T. inunguis (3.81%) and T. manatus (10.34%). The identification of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia sp. in aquatic mammals, allied to the capacity of their oocysts and cysts, respectively, to remain infective in the environment for a long period of time, increases the possibility of the transmission of these agents to other aquatic and land organisms, as well as the human population. Abrigando cinco importantes biomas e o maior sistema fluvial do mundo, o Brasil tem a mais rica biota continental do planeta, o que rendeu o título de país megadiverso. Dentro deste contexto, encontram-se várias espécies de mamíferos aquáticos, as quais vem sofrendo constantemente com os efeitos antropogênicos e por vezes desencadeantes de diversos agentes parasitários. Entretanto, o conhecimento científico da fauna parasitária dos mamíferos aquáticos ainda é bastante limitado. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo diagnosticar infecções ocasionadas por Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia sp. e endoparasitos em mamíferos aquáticos no Brasil. Para isto foram realizadas coletas de 553 amostras de conteúdo fecal e do trato gastrointestinal de diversas espécies de cetáceos, sirênios (peixe-boi marinho e amazônico) e mustelídeos (lontra neotropical e ariranha), nas regiões Norte (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará e Rondônia) e Nordeste (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Sergipe, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte). Entre os animais envolvidos foi possível obter amostras de espécimes mantidos em cativeiro e de vida livre, bem como, de espécies que habitavam os recursos fluviais, costeiros e oceânicos. Para a pesquisa de Cryptosporidium spp. as amostras fecais foram processadas pela técnica de Kinyoun. Ao que concerne à identificação dos cistos de Giardia sp. e ovos de helmintos, o material coletado foi submetido aos métodos de flutuação (Willis e Faust) e sedimentação (Hoffman), assim como à técnica do Flotac. Todas as amostras foram submetidas ao Teste de Imunofluorescência Direta. Entre os resultados obtidos destaca-se a infecção ocasionada pelo trematódeo digenético da família Opistothrematidae, espécie Pulmonicola cochleotrema, sendo a frequência da infecção de aproximadamente 7,95% (07/88) em peixes-bois marinhos. A presença de Cryptosporidium spp. foi constatada em cinco espécies, sendo estas, a Lontra longicaudis (15,28%), Pteronura brasiliensis (41,66%), Sotalia guianensis (9,67%), Trichechus inunguis (16,03%) e Trichechus manatus (13,79%). No que concerne à ocorrência de Giardia sp., este coccídio foi diagnosticado em um maior número de espécies, conforme pode ser constatado em L. longicaudis (9,23%), P. brasiliensis (29,16%), Kogia breviceps (100%), Kogia sima (25%), S. guianensis (9,67%), T. inunguis (3,81%) e T. manatus (10,34%). A identificação de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia sp. acometendo os mamíferos aquáticos, aliado à capacidade dos oocistos e cistos respectivamente destes protozoários permanecerem infectantes em condições ambientais por um longo período de tempo, amplia a possibilidade de transmissão destes agentes para outros organismos aquáticos, terrestres e populações humanas.