Search

Construí universos en miniatura donde se entrecruzan imágenes, objetos que me acompañan en mí hacer, materialidades con las que me encuentro a partir del intercambio, reflexiones en torno a la práctica, sentimientos reales e inventados. Uso cajas que encuentro en situaciones azarosas. Las cajas están pensadas como dispositivos que sugieren formas de ser mostradas, donde se anulan sus funciones utilitarias pero, a su vez, sus características remiten a contextos específicos de uso cotidiano. Construyo espacios donde las cajas son obra, espacio de exposición y embalaje para transportarlas. Elijo el cartón porque en él encuentro fragilidad y resistencia. Si un cartón se moja se desintegra pero en él se transportan objetos que superan su propio peso. La miniatura ocupa poco espacio, como es liviana puedo llevarla conmigo a dónde vaya y compartir pinturas con otrxs en cualquier lugar. Con el tamaño y el soporte propongo que se sumerjan en el detalle, que por un rato puedan ser parte de un paisaje desconocido e ínfimo, tierno y frágil., Facultad de Artes

Objective This study assessed how Myanmar consumers received drug information from the drug products and dispensers of community pharmacies. Methods Content analysis was used to evaluate drug information attached to 3 drug categories of 30 drug samples, and simulated patient studies at 247 pharmacies of selected townships in Yangon region were performed. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were used for data analysis. Key findings Among 30 proxy drug products, more than 80% provided information in English language both on the carton boxes and on leaflets. About 86.7% of leaflets were intended only for healthcare professional uses and not understandable for lay consumers. The simulated patient study found that overall drug information provided by dispensers was limited as confirmed by information providing mean score of 4.25 ± 2.06 out of a total of 18 points. Many other important information items such as drug name, concomitant drugs use, common side effects and when to stop taking medicine were rarely provided. None of the simulated patients received carton box or leaflet. Conclusions This study proved that Myanmar consumers did not receive enough drug information from both the products and dispensers, and thus the provision of understandable drug information for patients is required to improve patients’ safe use of medications.

The forest sector can play a pivotal role in mitigating climate warming by decreasing emissions to the atmosphere and increasing carbon removals. In an expanding bioeconomy, the pulp and paper industry provides opportunities for various low-carbon wood products with promising substitution effects. However, assessing climate effects of wood product systems is complex and requires a holistic approach. The objective of this study was to advance time dynamic climate impact assessment of a bioeconomically promising wood product from a system perspective. For this purpose, a time dynamic life cycle assessment was conducted on a pulp-based beverage carton. The assessment included fossil value chain emissions from cradle to grave, effects from biogenic carbon in a eucalyptus plantation, and credits from substitution. A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle was considered for material substitution (MS) and differing marginal electricity and heat mixes for energy substitution. The results revealed dominating climate warming from value chain emissions and slight offsetting by biogenic carbon from standing biomass and soil organic carbon, and short-term carbon storage in the beverage carton. MS and displacing marginal energy mixes transformed the climate warming into a substantial total cooling effect. However, substitution effects varied strongly in terms of substitution factors and temperature change with varying replacement rate of the beverage carton and different marginal energy mixes. A climate cooling range of -0.8 center dot 10(-15) to -1.8 center dot 10(-15) K per unit of beverage carton by 2050 was found, highlighting potential relevance for climate policy making. Thus, production and use of wood-based beverage cartons over PET bottles can have climate cooling effects. Further assessments on alternative forestry systems (e.g., Nordic forests) are needed to identify the role of biogenic carbon in holistic climate assessments, with dynamic substitution effects included to increase the validity.

In the midst of challenges facing affordable, safe and sustainable housing development, there is a continuous increase in the vast amounts of carton papers, melon seed husks, and groundnut shells discarded as waste materials. This is of great concern, especially, as such residues are under-utilised and their improper disposal creates grave problems. Thus, this work was designed to assess the feasibility of solving the emerging problems by valorising the said wastes into value-added products that can be used for building construction. Samples containing varying weight proportions of waste carton paste (WCP) and melon seed husk (MSH) were developed using Topbond as binding agent. Other samples were similarly fabricated but with groundnut shell (GNS) as a component. From the results of tests performed to investigate strength and heat transfer behaviour of each developed sample, it was observed that nailability remained 100% irrespective of the composite formulations adopted. In other cases, the test results varied according to WCP loadings. Though samples containing MSH appeared to be more efficient than their counterparts with GNS content for thermal insulation, the observed differences in the results were statistically insignificant. Aside being sustainable and inexpensive, it was found generally that the afore-mentioned wastes are promising alternative raw materials for production of medium-density panels that are environmentally-friendly and also suitable for use as either ceiling or interior partition boards for effective thermal insulation in buildings. Such undertakings have the potential to minimise the adverse effects that could be caused by the wastes in question.

Paperboard-based composites, typically in the form of carton plies, polyethylene, and aluminum foil, are widely used for food packaging applications. The main goal of packaging converting procedures is to create robust and well-shaped commercial packages. This high speed process is very dynamic, resulting in enormous deformation rates within a few milliseconds. In contrast to previous quasi-static investigations, the envisaged dynamic material characterization for soft and thin paperboard plies will help understand and predict the material response during this high speed packaging process. Even though several experimental standards are already available for paperboard tensile tests, these standards are limited to conventional quasi-static test procedures. Specific cylindrical clamps made of aluminum were designed to prevent samples with a thickness of 100 m from slipping. By means of accurate measuring techniques, a maximum strain rate of 80 s-1 was achieved, which effectively corresponded to actual strain rates that occur in paperboard converting procedures. It was shown that paperboard plies exhibited anisotropic properties and rate-dependent characteristics. Compared to quasi-static properties, the dynamic experiments revealed stiffer hardening properties at higher strain rates. A rate-dependent material model based on Cowper-Symonds and Johnson-Cook analytical laws was generated to formulate a paperboard dynamic constitutive model. Experimental investigations towards analytical material formulations were successfully conducted to predict and determine the rate dependent material characteristics of paperboards plies at high strain rates.

This experiment was implemented to study the physical and mechanical properties of Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) manufactured from Old Corrugated Containers OCCs using three variables including density of board (0.6 g/cm3 and 0.7 g/cm3), resin content of urea-formaldehyde (8 %, 10 % and 12 %) and pressing time (25, 30 and 35 minutes). Results showed that board density proved to be an important factor affecting MDF manufacturing, board density showed significant effects on both Modulus Of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus Of Rapture (MOR), while it had no significant effect on Internal Bonding (IB), higher board density (0.7 g/cm3) surpass low board density (0.6 g/cm3). The percent resin content and press time gave a significant effect on mechanical properties except IB. Also, it was noticed a perfection of boards combined at 12% resin contents and 30 minutes of mechanical properties. The triple intercourse between main effects showed to be significant for MOR, MOE and IB, generally boards made of higher density (0.7 g/cm3) with 12% resin content at pressing time 30 minutes developed better mechanical properties than other boards. According to the physical properties, board density showed a significant effect on Water Absorption (WA), Thickness Swelling (TS) and Linear Expansion (LE) after 2 and 24 hours of submersion in water. The resin content at 12 % and pressing time at 30 minutes showed better mechanical and physical properties.

[ES] El objetivo principal de este Trabajo Final de Grado es diseñar un envase de cartón para productos líquidos en sustitución a los fabricados con plástico. Se pretende dar respuesta a la creciente demanda de envases sostenibles amparados por la ley de envases y residuos de envases. El TFG contemplará un estudio previo de envases que deberían ser sustituidos por su impacto medioambiental. Seguidamente, se elegirá un tipo de envase y se comenzará con las propuestas de diseño. Para finalizar se realizará un análisis estructural del producto. No se tendrá en cuenta de manera detallada la fabricación del envase ni el desarrollo de algún material ajeno al cartón. Para conseguir el resultado deseado, se evaluarán distintas propuestas estudiando los diferentes elementos que proporcionarán estabilidad y resistencia al producto. En la fase de "diseño del producto y del proceso" se obtendrán soluciones viables especificando las formas y las dimensiones, así como la selección de materiales y consideración de los métodos de producción para el diseño propuesto., [EN] The main objective of this Final Project is to design a cardboard container for liquid products to replace those made with plastic. It is intended to respond to the growing demand for sustainable packaging covered by the packaging and packaging waste law. The project will include a preliminary study of containers that must be replaced due to their environmental impact. Then, a type of container will be chosen and design proposals will begin. Finally, a structural analysis of the product will be carried out. The manufacture of the container or the development of any material other than cardboard will not be taken into account in detail. To achieve the desired result, different proposals will be evaluated studying the different elements that will reinforce the stability and resistance of the product. In the "product and process design" stage, practical solutions will be obtained by specifying shapes and dimensions, as well as the selection of materials and consideration of production methods for the proposed design.

If we think of the human body as the origin and end of architecture (origin as the starting point of the needs that we have to cover in our relationship with the environment, and end as the receiver of the environmental and functional conditions that we create in response to these needs) , we cannot ignore the need to project from our bodies (project from the fact of living). That is why we proposed to the students of introduction to architectural projects an exercise initially planned in two phases: a first work of recognition, learning and drawing of the body, to then ask them to build an intermediary artifact between their body -any part of it- and the environment in which they live, based on a function, invented or not, and if possible not exempt from playful aspects, where the designer himself would be the user. The question to answer was: how do we complete our body in response to a new need? Si pensamos en el cuerpo humano como origen y final de la arquitectura (origen como punto de partida de necesidades que hemos de cubrir en nuestra relación con el entorno, y final como receptor de las condiciones ambientales y funcionales que creamos en respuesta a dichas necesidades), no podemos dejar de lado la exigencia de proyectar desde nuestros cuerpos (proyectar desde el hecho de habitar). Es por ello que propusimos a los estudiantes de introducción a proyectos arquitectónicos un ejercicio inicialmente planteado en dos fases: un primer trabajo de reconocimiento, aprendizaje y dibujo del cuerpo, para luego pedirles que construyesen un artefacto intermediario entre su cuerpo –cualquier parte del mismo– y el entorno en que habitan a partir de una función, inventada o no, y a ser posible no exenta de aspectos lúdicos, donde el propio proyectista sería el usuario. La pregunta a responder era: ¿cómo completamos nuestro cuerpo ante una nueva necesidad? Queremos agradecer al Convent de les Arts de Alcover y a Aleix Antillach Tarafa, comisario del ciclo PARLEM CONTEMPORANI, que nos hayan permitido formar parte de la sesión 22, inaugurada el sábado 2 de abril de 2022, con el montaje titulado EL COS, el resultado final de la experiencia docente que hemos expuesto en el presente escrito.

[ES] El presente trabajo de fin de grado consiste en el diseño y estudio técnico de un alimentador para un equipo de troquelado de láminas de cartón ondulado. El principal objetivo de dicha máquina es abastecer, tanto en velocidad como en cantidad, una troqueladora de cartón, cosa que resultaría imposible de forma manual. Para el diseño de la máquina se ha partido de modelos ya fabricados y en funcionamiento, de principales fabricantes del sector como Ducker o Alliance. Además se han observado en vivo máquinas de otros fabricantes con distintos problemas de funcionamiento, y se han tenido en cuenta para mejorar el diseño. Una vez creado el diseño conceptual, se procedió a dimensionar la máquina en relación a las necesidades que teníamos, tomando como referencia catálogos y cálculos analíticos. En nuestro caso, la máquina se ha desarrollado en base a las exigencias de una máquina de troquelado Bobst Novacut 106E. Tras este diseño preliminar, algunos elementos fueron sometidos a análisis y simulaciones de Inventor. Finalmente, y tras este último análisis, se consiguió reducir algunos de los componentes de la máquina, mejorando así el precio de coste del ensamblaje final., [EN] This final degree project consists of the design and technical study of a feeder for a corrugated cardboard sheet die-cutting machine. The main objective of this machine is to supply, both in speed and quantity, a cardboard die-cutter, which would be impossible to do manually. The design of the machine was based on models already manufactured and in operation, from leading manufacturers in the sector such as Ducker or Alliance. In addition, machines from other manufacturers have been observed live with different operating problems, and these have been taken into account to improve the design. Once the conceptual design was created, we proceeded to dimension the machine in relation to the needs we had, taking as reference catalogs and analytical calculations. In our case, the machine was developed based on the requirements of a Bobst Novacut 106E die-cutting machine. After this preliminary design, some elements were subjected to Inventor analysis and simulations. Finally, and after this last analysis, it was possible to reduce some of the components of the machine, thus improving the cost price of the final assembly., [CA] El present treball de fi de grau consisteix en el disseny i estudi tècnic d'un alimentador per a un equip d'encunyació de làmines de cartó ondulat. El principal objectiu d'aquesta màquina és proveir, tant en velocitat com en quantitat, una encunyadora de cartó, cosa que resultaria impossible de manera manual. Per al disseny de la màquina s'ha partit de models ja fabricats i en funcionament de principals fabricants del sector com *Ducker o *Alliance. A més s'han observat en viu màquines d'altres fabricants amb diferents problemes de funcionament, i s'han tingut en compte per a millorar el disseny. Una vegada creat el disseny conceptual, es va procedir a dimensionar la màquina en relació a les necessitats que teníem, prenent com a referència catàlegs i càlculs analítics. En el nostre cas, la màquina s'ha desenvolupat sobre la base de les exigències d'una màquina d'encunyació *Bobst *Novacut 106E. Després d'aquest disseny preliminar, alguns elements van ser sotmesos a anàlisis i simulacions d'Inventor. Finalment, i després d'aquesta última anàlisi, es va aconseguir reduir alguns dels components de la màquina, millorant així el preu de cost de l'assemblatge final.

[ES] En este trabajo de fin de grado se ha llevado a cabo el estudio y posterior proceso de diseño de un packaging alimentario sostenible destinado a una línea de frutos secos. A lo largo del proyecto se han puesto en práctica conocimientos y técnicas aprendidos en el Grado en Ingeniería de Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto. El diseño se centra en un envase que sirve para almacenar el producto a la vez que de soporte dónde desechar las cáscaras, de una manera cómoda y distintiva, prestando mayor atención a las cuestiones formales y técnicas, llegando a desarrollar una propuesta gráfica sencilla., [EN] In this final degree project, the study and later design process of a sustainable food packaging for a line of dried fruits has been carried out. Throughout the project, the knowledge and techniques learned in the Degree in Industrial Design Engineering and Product Development have been put into practice. The design focuses on a pack that serves to store the product as well as a support where to dispose of the shells, in a comfortable and distinctive way, paying greater attention to formal and technical issues, developing a simple graphic proposal. been carried out.

[ES] Se creará un envase, tanto su desarrollo estructural y gráfico para un producto alimentario, en concreto del sector de las pastelería., [EN] A container will be created, both its structural and graphic development for a food product, specifically from the bakery sector.

PT. Intan Ustrix that's placed at Jl. Raya Roomo No.425, Sekarsore, Roomo, Kec. Manyar, Kabupaten Gresik Indonesia is a company engaged in the paper and cardboard business, and has many machines used in the manufacturing process. The load of the induction motor will make the cost lower, thereby increasing the current cost through the device inside the carton production unit. Fixing the cost of cos is a great way to solve this problem. In this case, it is very important to install a capacitor bank to recover the charge. By installing a capacitor bank will affect the overall performance of the motor used. The cause of this research is the increasing cost of boarding at the cardboard production unit of PT. Intan Ustrix. As an evaluation, capacitor banks are installed on the H200, AFG, 6PA, FM, and 6PS buses so that low cos costs can be increased. The final result of this charge shows that increasing the cos cost at full load of 325 KW from 0.716 to 0.872 can reduce the actual power cost (S) from 396 KVA to 329 KVA, which can maintain 65 KVA and today's decrease (I) from 498 A to 410 A, the lower the current consumption price of the motor used can increase the resistance of the device to the carton production unit.

Milk packaging has been analysed multiple times in pursuit of finding the most appropriate vessel from an environmental point of view. Research has concentrated on commercially available containers of 0.5 – 2.5 litres, usually made from High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET), paper-based cartons, or glass, with some studies considering a reuse scheme for glass bottles. Whilst applicable for household delivery, such a reuse scheme is not practical for delivery to cafes where large volumes of milk are used every day; little information is known about transportation of bulk volumes of milk in bigger vessels such as steel churns. This study compares a proposed milk supply chain using a mix of reusable stainless steel churns and reusable glass bottles with the current supply chain that uses single-use HDPE bottles, for transportation of milk to 10 cafes belonging to The University of Sheffield. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted using data obtained from the university and Our Cow Molly, a local dairy farm which delivers milk to the university. Sensitivity analysis was performed around the recycling rate of plastic bottles, water consumption for churn cleaning, the reuse rate of glass bottles and churns and the source of the on-farm electricity. The study suggests that the greenhouse gas emission can be lowered by approx. 6.5 tons of CO2 equivalent annually if the reuse scheme is applied (this equates to a 65% reduction for the processes analysed). Considerable savings are also reported in categories such as water consumption, fossil resources depletion and cumulative energy demand. The reuse scheme is, however, likely to induce a similar or higher mineral resource use and higher environmental damage in the marine eutrophication category due to water treatment. Production of plastic bottles in the plastic scenario and maintenance and transport on the reusable side are the main contributors to the environmental impact. Further improvements in the reuse scenario could be achieved by reducing the amount of water used for cleaning and hence the electricity demand for water heating. The reuse scheme could also benefit environmentally from using an electric refrigerated van instead of a diesel vehicle.

School meal programs in the United States feed approximately 30 million children each day and account for the majority of child milk intake. Dairy consumption during childhood and adolescence has lasting effects on lifelong health status, so it is important for schools to ensure adequate consumption in this life stage by offering an appealing product. This study identified the intrinsic and extrinsic attributes that influence children's perceptions, attitudes, and consumption of fluid milk at school, especially as they relate to fluid milk packaging. An online choice-based conjoint survey (n = 211) and four 1-h focus groups (n = 31) were conducted with child milk consumers ages 8 to 13 yr to evaluate extrinsic attributes. The survey evaluated milk package attributes including packaging type, front-of-package graphics, package color, and labeled milk fat content. Focus group topics included preferences, usability, health, taste of fluid milk, and milk consumption habits. To evaluate intrinsic properties related to packaging, 3 varieties of milk (unflavored fat-free, unflavored low-fat, and chocolate-flavored fat-free) were produced and packaged in polyethylene-coated paperboard cartons, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles (all 250 mL). After 10 to 13 d of storage at 4°C under dark conditions, milks were evaluated by descriptive analysis and child acceptance testing (ages 8–13 yr; n = 126, 122, and 126 for each variety, respectively). Extrinsically, package type was the most important attribute to children, but graphics, nutritional labeling, branding, package size, and overall familiarity also drove preferences. The ideal milk packaging build from the conjoint survey was an HDPE bottle with blue-colored packaging and a cow graphic, labeled as low-fat milk. Intrinsically, all varieties of milks packaged in paperboard cartons developed package-specific flavors, including refrigerator/stale and paperboard, after 10 d of storage. These off-flavors were not detected in HDPE- or PET-packaged milks. For unflavored milks, child consumers preferred the flavor of PET- or HDPE-packaged milks over cartons, regardless of milk fat content, but preferences were not distinct for chocolate-flavored milk. The results of this study demonstrate that children's liking and preference for milk are driven by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and suggest that improvements are needed to increase acceptance of milk currently served in school meal programs.

Polymer laminated paper containers are widely used for food packaging, especially disposable packaging. Recycling such polymer laminated paper containers is currently very difficult because the separation of the polymer from the paper container requires special chemicals and high energy disintegration process. In this study, a simple soaking pretreatment of paper containers with alkali based solution to improve the recovery yield of fibers from paper containers was investigated. After soaking treatment with the solution, the fiber saturation and separation of polymer films by mild disintegration was increased. The unseparated fibers from the polymer film flakes after screening were successfully recovered during the second mild disintegration process, which resulted in an almost 99% recovery of fiber from the paper container. Since the alkali based soaking treatment and the mild disintegration process did not damage and resize the polymer film, the purity of the recycled fiber was close to 100%.

The study investigated women participation in fish processing and packaging in Delta State, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling procedure was used in the selection of 180 respondents for the study. Data for the study was collected using structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and participatory observation. Data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, mean scores and inferential statistics. The result indicated that majority of the women were married (57%) and literate with few having non-formal education (38%). The result further indicated that the three major processing methods used by the women to include hot smoking (57%), air drying (25%), and salting (19.4%). Packaging methods include baskets (47.2%), paper cartons (37.2%), jute bags (46.0%) and palm rope (58.0%) used in tying staked fish. The probit regression analysis on socio-economic factors affecting participation of women in fish processing and packaging indicated that age (0.00642***), education (0.00256**), income (0.3609**), access to credit (0.00068**), household size (0.2475**) and access to market (0.03150**) are all positive and significantly related to participation of women in fish processing and packaging. The study recommends the formation of cooperative societies among themselves to ease off some of the problems they encountered in their enterprise. Key words: Processing, packaging, women, rural communities.

The unique feature of social media as a platform for news is that the public can directly engage with content. In this way, the public shapes the narrative on current issues, including crime. Criminal justice agencies have leveraged this engagement to relay information about missing persons’ cases quickly and efficiently to a large audience. Whereas previous research has explored disparities in news coverage of missing persons’ cases, it is unknown whether the public perpetuates these same disparities in the social media realm. This study contributes to the current literature by examining public engagement with missing persons’ social media content. Results suggest that engagement along some dimensions corresponds to disparities found in traditional news coverage, namely with regard to race, where marginalized victims experience less engagement. Further, there is evidence of an interaction between race and runaway status. Certain posting behaviors are also related to several forms of user engagement with missing persons’ posts; however, case characteristics remain prominent engagement-shaping factors. Implications for these findings are discussed from both a theoretical and practitioner standpoint.

South Africa is the second-largest exporter of fresh citrus fruit, which is shipped to various distant markets for extended durations. Rising production quantities and increasingly more stringent phytosanitary requirements have placed considerable pressure on the logistics chain and the availability of precooling facilities. One solution to this challenge has been the application of ambient loading when using high-cube refrigerated containers, whereby fruit are cooled in-transit during shipping, instead of on-site by precooling. This study explored the effect of two package designs and the benefits of first partially precooling fruit prior to loading in shipping containers. Performance parameters was evaluated based on cooling rate and cooling uniformity of fruit within the spatial domain of the container. Containers loaded with Supervent and Opentop cartons had a mean cooling period (from initial to 4 °C) of 2.0 and 1.6 days, respectively. However, the study identified a high variability in cooling rate between and within individual containers. This was attributed to the presence of unpredictable gaps around the pallet stacks, which are formed during loading. These unique ensembles of gaps substantially influenced how cooling airflow was delivered throughout the container. The results thus showed package design is not a primary influencer of cooling performance. Partially precooling fruit to 10 °C, before loading, reduced susceptibility to chilling injury and decreased the presence of hot spots throughout the containers, so reducing the cooling variability within the shipment. This work highlighted the complex thermodynamic processes within fully loaded refrigerated containers, which should be characterised in future research.

The paper introduces the idea of consumer-centered carton packaging for pharmaceutical products, as well as an implemented by means of CAD its design and a 3D-model. The engineering solution proposed by the authors implements the "untouchable" principle consisting in meeting completely the information needs of the potential consumer as to the selected pharmaceutical product maintaining the integrity of its industrial packaging. Statistical analysis of the results of consumer surveys on the feasibility of using the proposed design of consumer-oriented packaging is carried out taking into account the views of potential audiences, eco-trends and gender equality. The developed design can be used by large pharmaceutical companies for simple, cheap and effective promotion of pharmaceuticals that use cardboard for secondary packaging.

The Drilling process has the most important main objective is to reach the reservoir zone safely, quickly, and economically. The important component in the drilling process is drilling fluid commonly called by drilling mud. The drilling mud design needs to be properly planned to avoid problems during drilling. The research was conducted for testing the drilling mud rheology by using CMC from carton waste with the addition of Na2CO3, this research was conducted with several scenarios, which in each scenario have different levels of CMC and Na2CO3, from each result can be seen the value of density, viscosity, mud cake, pH, and filtrate volume of each sample. Thus it can be seen the best mud performance from the addition of CMC waste carton waste and Na2CO3 to the drilling mud. The results of this research is the addition of CMC waste carton and Na2CO3 in the dominant drilling mud to rheology and aditive function of CMC in increasing the viscosity were in 5 gr sample with 4.5 gr of Na2CO3 addition, with density value: 8.75 ppg, viscosity: 26 cp, mud cake: 0.54 cm, pH: 12, and filtrate volume: 4.42 ml.

Creasing and scoring are methods used in the production of carton blanks in package manufacturing. The objective of this paper was to compare the creasing and scoring processes to investigate the effect on the performance in folding and in manufactured packages. A series of converting experiments and measurements were performed to investigate the differences between the processes. The results show differences between the creased and scored samples. The blanks die-cut with flatbed die cutting machine required the lowest folding force, while the packages manufactured with laser scoring had the highest compression strength. The results indicate that all methods are suitable to be used in the manufacturing of carton blanks.

In food industries, especially in factories producing potato chips, large quantities of wastes can be generated that can harm aqueous environments. Before the potato chips are produced, at stages s...

The aim of the present study is to produce high-quality charcoal briquettes from biomass residues. Experiments were conducted under conditions of three different biomass residues (rice straw, cotton stems and corn stalks), two binder materials (starch and carton paper) under two different concentrations (5 and 7 wt %) and four operating pressures (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 MPa). The produced charcoal briquettes were evaluated from physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. The charcoal briquettes quality was evaluated and compared with original form of raw biomass residues.Results clarified that high-quality charcoal briquettes could be obtained from cotton residues by operating the press machine under pressure of 1.5 MPa at starch binder material with a concentration of 7 wt%. The previous conditions achieve appropriate charcoal briquette of 400 kg/m3 bulk density, 85.23 % fixed carbon, 6.10 % volatile matter, 4.05 % ash content, 32.21 MJ/kg calorific value, 83.63 % thermal efficiency and 213.79 kg/cm2 compressive strength.

Actualmente, la industria papelera posee un papel importante en el sector industrial ecuatoriano, ya que a través de este sector se contribuye con el PIB (Producto Interno Bruto) generando así un impulso a la economía del país. También, cabe resaltar que este sector posee un bajo impacto ambiental, debido a que, en su proceso de producción sus desechos no son tóxicos a diferencia de otros procesos, otro de los aspectos relevantes es lo económico ya que su materia prima es de fácil acceso. Por otra parte, el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías ha evolucionado considerablemente en los últimos años, contribuyendo a diferentes sectores, como, por ejemplo, el ámbito industrial que está siendo transformado por la automatización industrial la cual permite aumentar la producción, calidad de los productos, y posean procesos o funciones que sean repetitivas, de esta manera se logra controlar y monitorear el proceso permitiendo así tener menores fallas y mejoras en el proceso, y se obtiene como resultado menos gastos y mayores ingresos a la empresa. Conociendo estos aspectos, es importante contribuir con el desarrollo del país, ya que el mismo posee un nivel bajo en automatización industrial, debido a que un gran porcentaje de las empresas del sector industrial desarrollan los procesos de fabricación de forma manual, reduciendo así su participación en el mercado. Por tal razón, el siguiente proyecto pretende con el diseño y construcción de una cortadora de canutos cuyos diámetros van de 2 a 6 in usados en la industria papelera, reducir sus tiempos de producción permitiendo de esta manera ser usado en diferentes productos de uso cotidiano, aumentando la producción diaria, reduciendo el desperdició y aprovechando al máximo la mano de obra. También es importante destacar que su mantenimiento será más sencillo y de bajo costo. Currently, the paper mill factory plays a major role in the Ecuadorian industrial sector, since through this sector it contributes to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product), thus generating a boost to the country's economy. Also, it is worth mentioning that this sector has a lower environmental impact, due to the fact that in its production process its waste is not toxic, unlike other processes. Another relevant aspect is the economic aspect, since its raw material is easily accessible. On the other hand, the growth of new technologies has evolved considerably in recent years, contributing to different sectors, such as, for example, the industrial field that is being transformed by industrial automation which allows to increase production, product quality, and have processes or functions that are repetitive, in this way it is possible to control and monitor the process allowing to have fewer failures and improvements in the process, resulting in lower costs and higher income to the company. Knowing these aspects, it is important to promote to the development of the country, since it has a low level of industrial automation, due to the fact that a large percentage of the companies in the industrial sector develop the manufacturing processes manually, thus reducing their market share. For this reason, the following project intends with the design and manufacture of a joint cutter whose diameters range from 2 to 6 in used in the paper industry, reducing their production times, allowing this way to be used in different products of daily use, increasing daily production, reducing waste and maximizing the use of labor. It is also important to highlight that its maintenance will be simpler and low cost.