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This paper explores the nature of Cartesian persons in relation to contemporary Social Trinitarian doctrines. We critically engage with three prominent models of the Social Trinity—those of William Lane Craig, Keith Yandell, and William Hasker—and examine how each defines the concept of personhood. Our analysis identifies the presence of a Cartesian notion of personhood (broadly defined) across all three models, though we argue that each presents unique challenges. Building on these critiques, we advance an alternative understanding of the Social Trinity that incorporates a distinct interpretation of Cartesian persons. Our proposal seeks to resolve tensions within current models and offer a more coherent account of Trinitarian personhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary discussions on freedom have recently drawn attention to the implications the mind-body relation.Contemporary discussions on freedom have recently drawn attention to the implications of the mind-body relation. Historically, the notion of freedom has centered on various naturalistic options, compatibilism, and weaker notions of libertarian freedom. This leaves strong agent causal libertarianism as a minority position. Entering these discussions, I seek to establish the relation between a particular mind-body view and strong agent causal libertarianism. I make two claims upon characterizing strong agent causal libertarianism. First, I argue that strong agent causal libertarianism requires some version of substance dualism (or immaterialist agency). Second, I argue that strong agent causal libertarianism probably requires something like classical or Cartesian substance dualism. Drawing from the philosopher John Foster in The Immaterial Self, I show that the central defining feature of the sort of libertarian agency under investigation is ‘intrinsic autonomy’. While I recognize that Cartesianism is unpopular in contemporary discussions, I agree with Foster that it is probably what is entailed if we are going to ground something like a strong agent causal libertarianism. The substance needed to explain this robust form of freedom begins to look like something not of this world and more like the substance described by René Descartes.

"You are not machines! You are not cattle! You are men!" (The Great Dictator, Charlie Chaplin) Contemporary discussions on freedom have recently drawn attention to the implications of the mind-body relation. Historically, the notion of freedom has centered on various naturalistic options, compatibilism, and weaker notions of libertarian freedom. This leaves strong agent-causal libertarianism as a minority position. Entering these discussions, we seek to establish the relation between a particular mind-body view and strong agentcausal libertarianism. We make two claims upon characterizing strong agent-causal libertarianism. First, we argue that strong agent-causal libertarianism requires some version of substance dualism (or immaterialist agency). Second, we argue that strong agent-causal libertarianism probably requires something like classical or Cartesian substance dualism. Drawing from the philosopher John Foster in The Immaterial Self, we show that the central defining feature of the sort of libertarian agency under investigation is 'intrinsic autonomy'. While we recognize that Cartesianism is unpopular in contemporary discussions, we agree with Foster that it is probably what is entailed if we are going to ground something like a strong agent-causal libertarianism. The substance needed to explain this robust form of freedom begins to look like something not of this world and more like the substance described early on by Rene Descartes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ideal Nature of Mathematics In the form of images of the world, cartesian mathematics functions unconditionally. Every real number is a complex one. This applies to rationals and irrationals in mathematics. Mathematics takes authority from within itself, not from the world. Thus, it can make no claims on the world and its reality. Benacerraf makes good use of this as he encounters the problem not only of mathematics but of science in general. If we make a compromise between epistemology and semantics in the realm of mathematics, we shall only blur its ideal nature; we do not know what triggers it. Rayo responds to this challenge by admitting that semantics certainly cannot trespass such limits, whereas Linnebo reluctantly accepts the compromise as a possibility for safeguarding the ideal.

In this essay, I contend that Beware the Cat belongs to an earlier world in which almost all mortal creatures were thought of as having voices. Musicians, naturalists, hunters, and literary authors agreed that birds and other creatures had voices and expressed emotions. In the course of history, as knowledge became specialised and Descartes's mistaken ideas about nonhuman animals gained acceptance, people began to be thought of as the only creatures who had voices. In addition, a large body of voice-related words, including chattering, howling, and bawling, which used to apply to human and non-human creatures have become confined to one domain or another. I trace the histories of some of these words and show how the Oxford English Dictionary often displays the logic system of a post-Cartesian world. In the essay, I place Baldwin's text within a literary tradition of thinking about nonhuman animal voice that includes Shakespeare and Margaret Cavendish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile robots represent a domain of research through which the robot moves based on algorithms for trajectory planning, representation of knowledge, perception and reasoning. In wastewater treatment plants there is an extremely harmful environment and areas that can affect the physical health of to the human while the mobile robot can successfully intervene and help him to detect defects and remove them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRAK Dalam sebuah perusahaan manufaktur, produk yang dihasilkan selalu mengalami proses pengembangan tertentu yang mencakup pembuatan desain hingga menjadi prototype dengan tujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Salah satu mesin yang tepat dan efektif untuk pembuatan prototype adalah 3D printer. Energi listrik dibutuhkan selama proses printing, jika suplai energi listrik terhenti maka mesin 3D printer akan berhenti bekerja. Sehingga ketika suplai energi listrik tersambung kembali proses printing harus mengulang dari awal. Hal ini menyebabkan kerugian material dan waktu, semakin besar ukuran protoype yang dicetak maka akan semakin besar kerugian material dan waktunya. Oleh karena itu, mesin 3D printer memerlukan suatu kemampuan untuk menyimpan data posisi dan melanjutkan proses printing berdasarkan data tersebut. Berdasarkan pengujian akurasi penyimpanan data posisi ekstruder terhadap sumbu X, Y, Z, menggunakan AS5600 magnetic encoder didapatkan persentase error sebesar 0.004928649% pada sumbu X, 0.025628032% pada sumbu Y, 0.020581289% pada sumbu Z. Kata kunci: 3D Printer, AS5600 Magnetic Encoder, Bigtree, Cartesian, Firmware Marlin, Resume  ABSTRACT In a manufacturing company, the products produced always undergo a certain development process which includes making designs to becoming prototypes with the aim of meeting consumer needs. One of the right and effective machines for prototyping is a 3D printer. Electrical energy is needed during the printing process, if the supply of electrical energy stops, the 3D printer engine will stop working. So that when the supply of electrical energy is reconnected the printing process has to repeat from the beginning. This causes material and time losses, the larger the printed prototype size, the greater the material and time losses. Therefore, a 3D printer machine requires the ability to store position data and continue the printing process based on that data. Based on testing the accuracy of ekstruder position data storage on the X, Y, Z planes, using the AS5600 magnetic encoder, the percentage error is 0.004928649% on the X axis, 0.025628032% on the Y axis, 0.020581289% on the Z axis. Keywords: 3D Printer, AS5600 Magnetic Encoder, Bigtree, Cartesian, Marlin Firmware, Resume

Bart Streumer thinks that we cannot believe the global normative error theory. Streumer's argument presupposes a Cartesian theory of belief fixation. The Cartesian theory entails that we can understand a proposition without believing it. But the Cartesian theory of belief fixation is false, and the Spinozan theory is true. The Spinozan theory of belief fixation entails that we cannot understand a proposition without believing it. The present paper argues that Streumer's claim is false, and we can believe the global normative error theory because the Spinozan theory is correct. The paper then applies the Spinozan theory of belief fixation to the "Now what?" problem for global normative error theory and responds to objections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive Cartesian mesh approaches have proven useful for multi-scale applications where particular features can be finely resolved within a large solution domain. Traditional patch-based mesh refinement has demonstrated widespread applicability across a range of problems, but can face performance challenges when applied to very large cases with billions of grid points running on large-scale hybrid CPU/GPU architectures. This work investigates an octree-based method combined with traditional finite-difference algorithms specifically designed to execute structured mesh refinement applications efficiently on modern cluster architectures. The primary application of the approach is the solution of helicopter rotor aerodynamics, where it is desirable to resolve time-dependent, fine-scale tip vortices within a solution domain that encompasses the entire helicopter and extends several rotor diameters away. This work demonstrates the performance of the octree construction and balance algorithms to scale to billions of mesh cells. A canonical problem (convecting vortex) and two application problems (helicopter rotor simulations) verify and validate the performance and accuracy of the developed framework, Orchard, on CPU and GPU architectures. Scaling on CPUs and GPUs is demonstrated up to 140 Xeon sockets and 36 V100 GPUS, respectively. The solver on GPUs demonstrates an order-of-magnitude speedup over execution on traditional CPU cluster nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let be a digraph and S a subset of vertices of D, S is an absorbent set if for every v in there exists a vertex u in S such that A subset S of V(D) is a semicomplete absorbent set if S is absorbent and the induced subdigraph is semicomplete. The minimum (respectively maximum) of the cardinalities of the semicomplete absorbent sets is the lower (respectively upper) semicomplete absorbent number, denoted by (respectively ). In this paper we introduce the concept of semicomplete absorbent set; we will show some structural properties on the digraphs which have a semicomplete absorbent set and we will present some bounds for and Then we will study the Cartesian product, the composition of digraphs and the line digraph in relation with those numbers.

Abstract Background 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) enables visualization of complex blood flow and quantification of biomarkers for vessel wall disease, such as wall shear stress (WSS). Because of the inherently long acquisition times, many efforts have been made to accelerate 4D flow acquisitions, however, no detailed analysis has been made on the effect of Cartesian compressed sensing accelerated 4D flow CMR at different undersampling rates on quantitative flow parameters and WSS. Methods We implemented a retrospectively triggered 4D flow CMR acquisition with pseudo-spiral Cartesian k-space filling, which results in incoherent undersampling of k-t space. Additionally, this strategy leads to small jumps in k-space thereby minimizing eddy current related artifacts. The pseudo-spirals were rotated in a tiny golden-angle fashion, which provides optimal incoherence and a variable density sampling pattern with a fully sampled center. We evaluated this 4D flow protocol in a carotid flow phantom with accelerations of R = 2–20, as well as in carotids of 7 healthy subjects (27 ± 2 years, 4 male) for R = 10–30. Fully sampled 2D flow CMR served as a flow reference. Arteries were manually segmented and registered to enable voxel-wise comparisons of both velocity and WSS using a Bland-Altman analysis. Results Magnitude images, velocity images, and pathline reconstructions from phantom and in vivo scans were similar for all accelerations. For the phantom data, mean differences at peak systole for the entire vessel volume in comparison to R = 2 ranged from − 2.3 to − 5.3% (WSS) and − 2.4 to − 2.2% (velocity) for acceleration factors R = 4–20. For the in vivo data, mean differences for the entire vessel volume at peak systole in comparison to R = 10 were − 9.9, − 13.4, and − 16.9% (WSS) and − 8.4, − 10.8, and − 14.0% (velocity), for R = 20, 25, and 30, respectively. Compared to single slice 2D flow CMR acquisitions, peak systolic flow rates of the phantom showed no differences, whereas peak systolic flow rates in the carotid artery in vivo became increasingly underestimated with increasing acceleration. Conclusion Acquisition of 4D flow CMR of the carotid arteries can be highly accelerated by pseudo-spiral k-space sampling and compressed sensing reconstruction, with consistent data quality facilitating velocity pathline reconstructions, as well as quantitative flow rate and WSS estimations. At an acceleration factor of R = 20 the underestimation of peak velocity and peak WSS was acceptable (

Purpose: To develop and validate an acquisition and processing technique that enables fully self‐gated 4D flow imaging with whole‐heart coverage in a fixed 5‐minute scan. Theory and Methods: The data are acquired continuously using Cartesian sampling and sorted into respiratory and cardiac bins using the self‐gating signal. The reconstruction is performed using a recently proposed Bayesian method called ReVEAL4D. ReVEAL4D is validated using data from 8 healthy volunteers and 2 patients and compared with compressed sensing technique, L1‐SENSE. Results: Healthy subjects—Compared with 2D phase‐contrast MRI (2D‐PC), flow quantification from ReVEAL4D shows no significant bias. In contrast, the peak velocity and peak flow rate for L1‐SENSE are significantly underestimated. Compared with traditional parallel MRI‐based 4D flow imaging, ReVEAL4D demonstrates small but significant biases in net flow and peak flow rate, with no significant bias in peak velocity. All 3 indices are significantly and more markedly underestimated by L1‐SENSE. Patients—Flow quantification from ReVEAL4D agrees well with the 2D‐PC reference. In contrast, L1‐SENSE markedly underestimated peak velocity. Conclusions: The combination of highly accelerated 5‐minute Cartesian acquisition, self‐gating, and ReVEAL4D enables whole‐heart 4D flow imaging with accurate flow quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop a novel acquisition and reconstruction framework for isotropic 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE within a single breath‐hold for left ventricle (LV) and whole‐heart coverage. Methods: A variable‐density Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering, out‐inward sampling, and acquisition‐adaptive alternating tiny golden/golden angle increment between spiral arms is proposed to provide incoherent and nonredundant sampling within and among cardiac phases. A novel multi‐bin patch‐based low‐rank reconstruction, named MB‐PROST, is proposed to exploit redundant information on a local (within a patch), nonlocal (similar patches within a spatial neighborhood), and temporal (among all cardiac phases) scale with an implicit motion alignment among patches. The proposed multi‐bin patch‐based low‐rank reconstruction reconstruction is compared against compressed sensing reconstruction, whereas LV function parameters derived from the proposed 3D CINE framework are compared against those estimated from conventional multislice 2D CINE imaging in 10 healthy subjects and 15 patients. Results: The proposed framework provides 3D cardiac CINE images with high spatial (1.9 mm3) and temporal resolution (˜50 ms) in a single breath‐hold of ˜20 s for LV and ˜26 s for whole‐heart coverage in healthy subjects. Shorter breath‐hold durations of ˜13 to 15 s are feasible for LV coverage with slightly anisotropic resolution (1.9 × 1.9 × 2.5 mm) in patients. LV function parameters derived from 3D CINE were in good agreement with 2D CINE, with a bias of −0.1 mL/0.1 mL, −0.9 mL/−1.0 mL, −0.1%/−0.8%; and confidence intervals of ±1.7 mL/±3.7 mL, ±1.2 mL/±2.6 mL, and ±1.2%/±3.6% (10 healthy subjects/15 patients) for end‐systolic volume, end‐diastolic volume, and ejection fraction, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed framework enables 3D isotropic cardiac CINE in a single breath‐hold scan of ˜20 s/˜26 s for LV/whole‐heart coverage, showing good agreement with clinical 2D CINE scans in terms of LV functional assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gilbert Ryle famously wrote that practical knowledge (knowing how) is distinct from propositional knowledge (knowing that). This claim continues to have broad philosophical appeal, and yet there are many unsettled questions surrounding Ryle's basic proposal. In this article, I return to his original work in order to perform some intellectual archeology. I offer an interpretation of Ryle's concept of action that I call 'adverbialism'. Actions are constituted by bodily behaviours performed in a certain mode, style or manner. I present various challenges to adverbialism – scenarios in which it seems we publicly behave one way, but privately feel another. And I offer a response – Ryle's stated practice of re-describing those situations in ways that pose no threat to his adverbialism. I also present an interpretation of practical knowledge in Ryle's work. Knowing how is a special kind of action, undertaken only when we progressively self-modify our behaviours in the presence of new challenges or opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) enables visualization of complex blood flow and quantification of biomarkers for vessel wall disease, such as wall shear stress (WSS). Because of the inherently long acquisition times, many efforts have been made to accelerate 4D flow acquisitions, however, no detailed analysis has been made on the effect of Cartesian compressed sensing accelerated 4D flow CMR at different undersampling rates on quantitative flow parameters and WSS. Methods: We implemented a retrospectively triggered 4D flow CMR acquisition with pseudo-spiral Cartesian k-space filling, which results in incoherent undersampling of k-t space. Additionally, this strategy leads to small jumps in k-space thereby minimizing eddy current related artifacts. The pseudo-spirals were rotated in a tiny golden-angle fashion, which provides optimal incoherence and a variable density sampling pattern with a fully sampled center. We evaluated this 4D flow protocol in a carotid flow phantom with accelerations of R = 2–20, as well as in carotids of 7 healthy subjects (27 ± 2 years, 4 male) for R = 10–30. Fully sampled 2D flow CMR served as a flow reference. Arteries were manually segmented and registered to enable voxel-wise comparisons of both velocity and WSS using a Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Magnitude images, velocity images, and pathline reconstructions from phantom and in vivo scans were similar for all accelerations. For the phantom data, mean differences at peak systole for the entire vessel volume in comparison to R = 2 ranged from − 2.3 to − 5.3% (WSS) and − 2.4 to − 2.2% (velocity) for acceleration factors R = 4–20. For the in vivo data, mean differences for the entire vessel volume at peak systole in comparison to R = 10 were − 9.9, − 13.4, and − 16.9% (WSS) and − 8.4, − 10.8, and − 14.0% (velocity), for R = 20, 25, and 30, respectively. Compared to single slice 2D flow CMR acquisitions, peak systolic flow rates of the phantom showed no differences, whereas peak systolic flow rates in the carotid artery in vivo became increasingly underestimated with increasing acceleration. Conclusion: Acquisition of 4D flow CMR of the carotid arteries can be highly accelerated by pseudo-spiral k-space sampling and compressed sensing reconstruction, with consistent data quality facilitating velocity pathline reconstructions, as well as quantitative flow rate and WSS estimations. At an acceleration factor of R = 20 the underestimation of peak velocity and peak WSS was acceptable (< 10%) in comparison to an R = 10 accelerated 4D flow CMR reference scan. Peak flow rates were underestimated in comparison with 2D flow CMR and decreased systematically with higher acceleration factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to our conceit of immutable scientific truth, psychoanalysis, imbedded in its time and place, changes inexorably and largely out of awareness as the socio-cultural paradigms change. We are now entering a period of extreme inversion of our previous assumptions about the mind-body relationship; a virtual cartesian revolution that powerfully influences the nature of current psychoanalytic treatment. This is seen most clearly in our valorization of mind over body, particularly in gender issues. We are converging with the paradigmatic Artificial Intelligence view that bodies are fungible and irrelevant to mental functioning. How this changes our unconscious perception of therapist, patient and therapeutic process will be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general framework is given for applying the Newton–Raphson method to solve power flow problems, using power and current-mismatch functions in polar, Cartesian coordinates and complex form. These two mismatch functions and three coordinates, result in six possible ways to apply the Newton–Raphson method for the solution of power flow problems. We present a theoretical framework to analyze these variants for load (PQ) buses and generator (PV) buses. Furthermore, we compare newly developed versions in this paper with existing variants of the Newton power flow method. The convergence behavior of all methods is investigated by numerical experiments on transmission and distribution networks. We conclude that variants using the polar current-mismatch and Cartesian current-mismatch functions that are developed in this paper, performed the best result for both distribution and transmission networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, which is described as a global village, in which different styles of experience or discourses are often confronted surrounds people. This fact confronts human consciousness with the question of how to make sense of the moral. Because in the rapidly transforming global world, the common critical area for “the best” to discuss the moral dimension of the interpersonal relationship is gradually disappearing. In this article, the universal and historical perspective of moral consciousness is analyzed in opposite contexts such as cartesian and hermeneutics and how the “historical” dimension contributes to the development of the critical field of moral consciousness is examined. The aim of this analysis is to investigate how the meaning of the critical and free space of human relationships, which are increasingly isolated from each other in the global world, but more often exposed to each other, is understood. In this study, it is pointed out that, contrary to the notion of universality, hermeneutic thought sees the critical and free space of moral consciousness by considering the historical character of the present practical world. Therefore, it is stated that hermeneutic perspective, which develop comments by considering the existing experiences of people and the religious, traditional and cultural discourses that shape this experience, can contribute to the development of a moral consciousness which is constantly questioned and enriched on the “best” axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper establishes a theoretical framework of infeasible Mehrotra-type predictor-corrector algorithm for Cartesian nonlinear complementarity problems over symmetric cones which can be regarded as an extension of Liu et al. [Polynomial convergence of Mehrotra-type predictor-corrector algorithm for the Cartesian -LCP over symmetric cones, Optimization 64(4) (2013), pp. 1-23] for Cartesian linear complementarity problems over symmetric cones to Cartesian nonlinear complementarity problems over symmetric cones. The iteration complexities of the proposed algorithm are estimated and some numerical results are provided. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The concept of conscious awareness implies vantage with respect to a reference frame. • Egocentric reference frame, viewer-dependent: Left-Right, Front-Behind, Above-Below. • Allocentric reference frame, viewer-independent: East-West, North-South, Higher-Lower. • Ventral (What) system, conscious/allocentric. Dorsal (How) not conscious & egocentric. • Clarifying geometries can help resolve model disputes in areas like baseball catching. Abstract Conscious experience implies a reference-frame or vantage, which is often important in scientific models. Control models of ball-interception are used as an example. Models that use viewer-dependent egocentric reference-frames are contrasted with viewer- in dependent allocentric ones. Allocentric reference-frames serve well for models like Newtonian physics, which utilize static coordinate-systems that allow forces and object-movements to be compartmentalized. In contrast, egocentric reference-frames are natural for modeling mobile organisms or robots when controlling perception-action behavior. Lower-level perception-action behavior is often characterized using egocentric coordinate-systems that optimize processing-speed, while higher-level cognitive-processes use allocentric frames that provide a stationary spatial reference. Brain-behavior models like the Ventral-Stream What System , and Dorsal-Stream Where-How System , also respectively utilize allocentric and egocentric reference-frames. Reference-frame clarification can resolve disputes about models of control-tasks like running to catch baseballs, and can provide insights for biomimetic-robots. Confusion regarding geometry and reference-frames contributes to a lack of clarity between how and when egocentric versus allocentric geometries are imposed, with perception-actions generally being more egocentric and conscious experience more allocentric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-dimensional Cartesian turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence is widely used in routine clinical studies, but it is sensitive to respiratory motion. We investigated the k-space orders in Cartesian TSE that can effectively reduce motion artifacts. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between k-space order and degree of motion artifacts using a moving phantom. We compared the degree of motion artifacts between linear and asymmetric k-space orders. The actual spacing of ghost artifacts in the asymmetric order was doubled compared with that in the linear order in the free-breathing situation. The asymmetric order clearly showed less sensitivity to incomplete breath-hold at the latter half of the imaging period. Because of the actual number of partitions of the k-space and the temporal filling order, the asymmetric k-space order of Cartesian TSE was superior to the linear k-space order for reduction of ghosting motion artifacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish a theoretical framework of infeasible path-following interior point algorithm for Cartesian nonlinear complementarity problems over symmetric cones using a wide neighbourhood of the central path. In order to prove the convergence of the proposed algorithm, we propose a scaled Lipschitz condition which has scaling invariance. Under the condition, we estimate the iteration complexities of the proposed algorithm and provide some numerical results. The numerical results show that the algorithm is efficient and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Cartesian and Blade techniques also affects image quality. The Cartesian technique is more commonly used in Knee MRI examinations. Cartesian technique is vulnerable to movement, giving rise to motion artifacts. This motion artifact is often caused by too long scanning time, so ETL settings are important. An alternative to reducing this risk is to use the Blade technique and by setting the appropriate ETL. The research objective was to determine the differences image quality and anatomical information and to determine the technique that produced quality images and MRI anatomical information on the sagittal knee section between the Cartesian ETL and Blade T2 Weighted TSE combination. This is experiment research. Samples of 10 volunteers, carried out scanning with Cartesian and Blade techniques with variations ETL 14, 16, 18. Focus of assessment on ACL, PCL, meniscus, fluid, and fat. Image quality includes SNR and CNR. The assessment of the anatomical information by a radiologist. Data analyzed with Anova, Friedman, and Wilcoxon test. The results study showed that overall, there are significant differences in image quality between Cartesian and Blade techniques with p-value 0.005. There are differences in anatomical information with p-value

This essay contrasts Michael Polanyi's insight regarding contact with reality to the idea of direct contact theory that Hubert Dreyfus and Charles Taylor develop in their recent effort to "retrieve" realism. Whereas the latter locates a "direct" contact "beneath" articulation in a preconceptual layer "accessible only by phenomenology," Polanyi locates contact in discovery--not beneath, but rather beyond, our efforts to know. It is also apparent that the authors of Retrieving Realism presume an epistemology less sophisticated than Polanyi's subsidiary-focal integration, as well as omitting the critical epistemic component of commitment. The essay concludes that Polanyi offers the superior challenge to "the picture that held us captive"--Cartesian epistemology with its resultant anti-realism, one which additionally unleashes a lively, surprising real to its proper primacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materialism/physicalism purports to be a significant metaphysical doctrine about the nature of reality, being the standard position in many contemporary philosophical debates. It is my view that this doctrine is misguided, a remnant of the categories of the 17th century. To argue for my position, I examine Locke’s commitment to corpuscularianism – a prevalent view about the nature of matter in the early scientific period – and the erroneous conclusions he draws from it. This historical reflection serves me to make a broader point: we do not anymore hold a strict conception of the material or the physical for good reasons, while these terms have no place in our technical subjects of inquiry. I conclude that materialism and any ontological position which depends on it are of no consequence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare the accuracy of spatial registration of Cartesian breath-hold 3D-GRE and non-respiratory-triggered free-breathing radial 3D-GRE images with PET data acquisition on whole-body hybrid MR-PET system. Materials and methods: Eight patients (six men and two women; mean age, 56.6 ± 5.5 years) with nine ablated hepatocellular carcinomas constituted our study population. Spatial coordinates ( x, y, z) of the estimated isocenters of the ablated areas were independently determined by two radiologists. Both T1-weighted sequences were performed in the axial plane. Distance between the isocenter of the lesion on PET images and on both T1-weighted images was measured, and misregistration was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test. Results: Misalignment values of the hepatic ablation zones between PET and MR images were calculated at 4.94 ± 1.35 mm (reader 1) and 4.89 ± 2.21 mm (reader 2) for Cartesian 3D-GRE sequence, and 2.48 ± 0.65 mm (reader 1) and 2.72 ± 0.44 mm (reader 2) for the radial 3D-GRE sequence, with p values of 0.0011 and 0.0133, respectively. Conclusion: Radial 3D-GRE offers improved registration accuracy with PET, supporting the use of this T1-weighted sequence in upper abdominal MR-PET studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subset S of V (G), where G is a graph without isolated vertices, is a double dominating set of G if for each x ϵ V (G), ∣NG [x] ∩ S∣ ⩾ 2. This paper, shows that any positive integers a, b and n with 2 ⩽ a < b, b ⩾ 2a and n ⩾ b + 2a - 2, can be realized as domination number, double domination number and order, respectively. It also characterize the double dominating sets in the Cartesian and tensor products of two graphs and determine sharp bounds for the double domination numbers of these graphs. In particular, it show that if G and H are any connected non-trivial graphs of orders n and m respectively, then γ×2(G◻H) ⩽ min {mγ2(G), nγ2(H)}, where γ2, is the 2-domination parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We gradually studyi-operators on real vector spaces, on real topological vector spaces, and on real normed spaces. Among several things we prove the existence of real topological vector spaces (different from the James’ space) that are free of continuousi-operators. We also prove that every real normed space can be equivalently renormed to be free of normi-operators. Examples of spaces of continuous functions not admitting normi-operators and whose unit sphere is free of convex subsets with non-empty interior relative to it are also found. Finally, we also provide some results on a problem posed by Wenzel in [10]. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]