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1. Introduction

Author

Boyer, T, Blunden, J, Dunn, RJH, Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Adusumilli, Susheel, Agyakwah, W, Ahmadpour, Somayeh, Aldeco, Laura S, Alexander, Michael A, Alexe, Mihai, Alfaro, Eric J, Allan, Richard P, Allgood, Adam, Alves, Lincoln M, Amador, Jorge A, Amaya, Dillon J, Amory, Charles, Anderson, John, Andrade, B, Andreassen, Liss Marie, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Arguez, Anthony, Armenteras Pascual, Dolores, Arosio, Carlo, Asher, Elizabeth, Augustine, John A, Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Baez-Villanueva, Oscar M, Baiman, Rebecca, Ballinger, Thomas J, Banwell, Alison F, Bardin, M Yu, Barichivich, J, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Beauchemin, Marc, Beck, Hylke E, Becker, Emily J, Beckley, Brian, Bekele, E, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berne, Christine, Berner, Logan T, Bernhard, Germar H, Bhatt, Uma S, Bigalke, Siiri, Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, Jarle W, Blake, Eric S, Blannin, Josh, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bochníček, Oliver, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bonte, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G, Boucher, Olivier, Box, Jason E, Bozkurt, Deniz, Brettschneider, Brian, Bringas, Francis G, Brubaker, Mike, Buehler, Stefan A, Bukunt, Brandon, Burgess, David, Butler, Amy H, Byrne, Michael P, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J, Campbell, Jayaka, Campos, Diego, Cappucci, Fabrizio, Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R, Cerveny, Randall, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P, Chan, Duo, Chandler, Elise, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charlton, Candice S, Chen, Jack, Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent YS, Chisholm, Lucy, Christiansen, Hanne H, Christy, John R, Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M, Clarke, Leonardo, Clem, Kyle R, Clingan, Scott, Coelho, Caio AS, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, and Colwell, Steve

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geology, Climate Action, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract

Abstract: —J. Blunden and T. Boyer In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. Anna Glacier in Switzerland and Ice Worm Glacier in the United States disappeared completely. In August, as a direct result of glacial thinning over the past 20 years, a glacial lake on a tributary of the Mendenhall Glacier in Alaska burst through its ice dam and caused unprecedented flooding on Mendenhall River near Juneau. Across the Arctic, the annual surface air temperature was the fourth highest in the 124-year record, and summer (July–September) was record warm. Smaller-than-normal snow cover extent in May and June contributed to the third-highest average peak tundra greenness in the 24-year record. In September, Arctic minimum sea ice extent was the fifth smallest in the 45-year satellite record. The 17 lowest September extents have all occurred in the last 17 years. In Antarctica, temperatures for much of the year were up to 6°C above average over the Weddell Sea and along coastal Dronning Maud Land. The Antarctic Peninsula also experienced well-above-average temperatures during the 2022/23 melt season, which contributed to its fourth consecutive summer of above-average surface melt. On 21 February, Antarctic sea ice extent and sea ice area both reached all-time lows, surpassing records set just a year earlier. Over the course of the year, new daily record-low sea ice extents were set on 278 days. In some instances, these daily records were set by a large margin, for example, the extent on 6 July was 1.8 million km2 lower than the previous record low for that day. Across the global oceans, the annual sea surface temperature was the highest in the 170-year record, far surpassing the previous record of 2016 by 0.13°C. Daily and monthly records were set from March onward, including an historic-high daily global mean sea surface temperature of 18.99°C recorded on 22 August. Approximately 94% of the ocean surface experienced at least one marine heatwave in 2023, while 27% experienced at least one cold spell. Globally averaged ocean heat content from the surface to 2000-m depth was record high in 2023, increasing at a rate equivalent to ∼0.7 Watts per square meter of energy applied over Earth’s surface. Global mean sea level was also record high for the 12th consecutive year, reaching 101.4 mm above the 1993 average when satellite measurements began, an increase of 8.1±1.5 mm over 2022 and the third highest year-over-year increase in the record. A total of 82 named tropical storms were observed during the Northern and Southern Hemispheres’ storm seasons, below the 1991–2020 average of 87. Hurricane Otis became the strongest landfalling hurricane on record for the west coast of Mexico at 140 kt (72 m s−1), causing at least 52 fatalities and $12–16 billion U.S. dollars in damage. Freddy became the world’s longest-lived tropical cyclones on record, developing into a tropical cyclone on 6 February and finally dissipating on 12 March. Freddy crossed the full width of the Indian Ocean and made one landfall in Madagascar and two in Mozambique. In the Mediterranean Sea—outside of traditional tropical cyclone basins—heavy rains and flooding from Storm Daniel killed more than 4300 people and left more than 8000 missing in Libya. The record-warm temperatures in 2023 created conditions that helped intensify the hydrological cycle. Measurements of total-column water vapor in the atmosphere were the highest on record, while the fraction of cloud area in the sky was the lowest since records began in 1980. The annual global mean precipitation total over land surfaces for 2023 was among the lowest since 1979, but global one-day maximum totals were close to average, indicating an increase in rainfall intensity. In July, record-high areas of land across the globe (7.9%) experienced extreme drought, breaking the previous record of 6.2% in July 2022. Overall, 29.7% of land experienced moderate or worse categories of drought during the year, also a record. Mexico reported its driest (and hottest) year since the start of its record in 1950. In alignment with hot and prolonged dry conditions, Canada experienced its worst national wildfire season on record. Approximately 15 million hectares burned across the country, which was more than double the previous record from 1989. Smoke from the fires were transported far into the United States and even to western European countries. August to October 2023 was the driest three-month period in Australia in the 104-year record. Millions of hectares of bushfires burned for weeks in the Northern Territory. In South America, extreme drought developed in the latter half of the year through the Amazon basin. By the end of October, the Rio Negro at Manaus, a major tributary of the Amazon River, fell to its lowest water level since records began in 1902. The transition from La Niña to El Niño helped bring relief to the prolonged drought conditions in equatorial eastern Africa. However, El Niño along with positive Indian Ocean dipole conditions also contributed to excessive rainfall that resulted in devastating floods over southeastern Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya during October to December that displaced around 1.5 million people. On 5 September, the town of Zagora, Greece, broke a national record for highest daily rainfall (754 mm in 21 hours, after which the station ceased reporting) due to Storm Daniel; this one-day accumulation was close to Zagora’s normal annual total.

Published
2024

7. Best Practice Data Standards for Discrete Chemical Oceanographic Observations

Author

Jiang, Li-Qing, Pierrot, Denis, Wanninkhof, Rik, Feely, Richard A, Tilbrook, Bronte, Alin, Simone, Barbero, Leticia, Byrne, Robert H, Carter, Brendan R, Dickson, Andrew G, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Greeley, Dana, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P, Karstensen, Johannes, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K, Lewis, Ernie R, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F, Sabine, Christopher, Sharp, Jonathan D, Tanhua, Toste, Trull, Thomas W, Velo, Anton, Allegra, Andrew J, Barker, Paul, Burger, Eugene, Cai, Wei-Jun, Chen, Chen-Tung A, Cross, Jessica, Garcia, Hernan, Hernandez-Ayon, Jose Martin, Hu, Xinping, Kozyr, Alex, Langdon, Chris, Lee, Kitack, Salisbury, Joe, Wang, Zhaohui Aleck, and Xue, Liang

Subjects
Life Below Water, data standard for chemical oceanography, discrete chemical oceanographic observations, column header abbreviations, WOCE WHP exchange formats, quality control flags, content vs.& nbsp, concentration, CO2SYS, TEOS-10, Oceanography, Ecology
Abstract

Effective data management plays a key role in oceanographic research as cruise-based data, collected from different laboratories and expeditions, are commonly compiled to investigate regional to global oceanographic processes. Here we describe new and updated best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations, specifically those dealing with column header abbreviations, quality control flags, missing value indicators, and standardized calculation of certain properties. These data standards have been developed with the goals of improving the current practices of the scientific community and promoting their international usage. These guidelines are intended to standardize data files for data sharing and submission into permanent archives. They will facilitate future quality control and synthesis efforts and lead to better data interpretation. In turn, this will promote research in ocean biogeochemistry, such as studies of carbon cycling and ocean acidification, on regional to global scales. These best practice standards are not mandatory. Agencies, institutes, universities, or research vessels can continue using different data standards if it is important for them to maintain historical consistency. However, it is hoped that they will be adopted as widely as possible to facilitate consistency and to achieve the goals stated above.

Published
2022

8. High spatial resolution global ocean metagenomes from Bio-GO-SHIP repeat hydrography transects.

Author

Larkin, Alyse A, Garcia, Catherine A, Garcia, Nathan, Brock, Melissa L, Lee, Jenna A, Ustick, Lucas J, Barbero, Leticia, Carter, Brendan R, Sonnerup, Rolf E, Talley, Lynne D, Tarran, Glen A, Volkov, Denis L, and Martiny, Adam C

Subjects
Seawater, Genomic Library, Oceans and Seas, Metagenome, Metagenomics, Microbiota
Abstract

Detailed descriptions of microbial communities have lagged far behind physical and chemical measurements in the marine environment. Here, we present 971 globally distributed surface ocean metagenomes collected at high spatio-temporal resolution. Our low-cost metagenomic sequencing protocol produced 3.65 terabases of data, where the median number of base pairs per sample was 3.41 billion. The median distance between sampling stations was 26 km. The metagenomic libraries described here were collected as a part of a biological initiative for the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program, or "Bio-GO-SHIP." One of the primary aims of GO-SHIP is to produce high spatial and vertical resolution measurements of key state variables to directly quantify climate change impacts on ocean environments. By similarly collecting marine metagenomes at high spatiotemporal resolution, we expect that this dataset will help answer questions about the link between microbial communities and biogeochemical fluxes in a changing ocean.

Published
2021

9. Random and systematic uncertainty in ship‐based seawater carbonate chemistry observations.

Author

Carter, Brendan R., Sharp, Jonathan D., García‐Ibáñez, Maribel I., Woosley, Ryan J., Fong, Michael B., Álvarez, Marta, Barbero, Leticia, Clegg, Simon L., Easley, Regina, Fassbender, Andrea J., Li, Xinyu, Schockman, Katelyn M., and Wang, Zhaohui Aleck

Subjects
*OCEAN acidification, *CARBON dioxide, *SEAWATER, *DATA analysis, *CARBONATES
Abstract

Seawater carbonate chemistry observations are increasingly necessary to study a broad array of oceanographic challenges such as ocean acidification, carbon inventory tracking, and assessment of marine carbon dioxide removal strategies. The uncertainty in a seawater carbonate chemistry observation comes from unknown random variations and systematic offsets. Here, we estimate the magnitudes of these random and systematic components of uncertainty for the discrete open‐ocean carbonate chemistry measurements in the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project 2022 update (GLODAPv2.2022). We use both an uncertainty propagation approach and a carbonate chemistry measurement "inter‐consistency" approach that quantifies the disagreement between measured carbonate chemistry variables and calculations of the same variables from other carbonate chemistry measurements. Our inter‐consistency analysis reveals that the seawater carbonate chemistry measurement community has collected and released data with a random uncertainty that averages about 1.7 times the uncertainty estimated by propagating the desired "climate‐quality" random uncertainties. However, we obtain differing random uncertainty estimates for subsets of the available data, with some subsets seemingly meeting the climate‐quality criteria. We find that seawater pH measurements on the total scale do not meet the climate‐quality criteria, though the inter‐consistency of these measurements improves (by 38%) when limited to the subset of measurements made using purified indicator dyes. We show that GLODAPv2 adjustments improve inter‐consistency for some subsets of the measurements while worsening it for others. Finally, we provide general guidance for quantifying the random uncertainty that applies for common combinations of measured and calculated values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author

Lauvset, Siv K., primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Álvarez, Marta, additional, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Müller, Jens Daniel, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Woosley, Ryan J., additional, and Key, Robert M., additional

Published
2024
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14. Uncertainty sources for measurable ocean carbonate chemistry variables

Author

National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia), University of South Florida, Miami University, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, Cooperative Institute For Marine And Atmospheric Studies (US), Carter, Brendan R., Sharp, Jonathan D., Dickson, Andrew G., Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Fong, Michael B., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Woosley, Ryan J., Takeshita, Yuichiro, Barbero, Leticia, Byrne, Robert H., Cai, Wei-Jun, Chierici, Melissa, Clegg, Simon L., Easley, Regina A., Fassbender, Andrea J., Fleger, Kalla L., Li, Xinyu, Martín-Mayor, Macarena, Schockman ,Katelyn M., Wang, Zhaohui Aleck, National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia), University of South Florida, Miami University, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, Cooperative Institute For Marine And Atmospheric Studies (US), Carter, Brendan R., Sharp, Jonathan D., Dickson, Andrew G., Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Fong, Michael B., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Woosley, Ryan J., Takeshita, Yuichiro, Barbero, Leticia, Byrne, Robert H., Cai, Wei-Jun, Chierici, Melissa, Clegg, Simon L., Easley, Regina A., Fassbender, Andrea J., Fleger, Kalla L., Li, Xinyu, Martín-Mayor, Macarena, Schockman ,Katelyn M., and Wang, Zhaohui Aleck

Abstract

The ocean carbonate system is critical to monitor because it plays a major role in regulating Earth's climate and marine ecosystems. It is monitored using a variety of measurements, and it is commonly understood that all components of seawater carbonate chemistry can be calculated when at least two carbonate system variables are measured. However, several recent studies have highlighted systematic discrepancies between calculated and directly measured carbonate chemistry variables and these discrepancies have large implications for efforts to measure and quantify the changing ocean carbon cycle. Given this, the Ocean Carbonate System Intercomparison Forum (OCSIF) was formed as a working group through the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry program to coordinate and recommend research to quantify and/or reduce uncertainties and disagreements in measurable seawater carbonate system measurements and calculations, identify unknown or overlooked sources of these uncertainties, and provide recommendations for making progress on community efforts despite these uncertainties. With this paper we aim to (1) summarize recent progress toward quantifying and reducing carbonate system uncertainties; (2) advocate for research to further reduce and better quantify carbonate system measurement uncertainties; (3) present a small amount of new data, metadata, and analysis related to uncertainties in carbonate system measurements; and (4) restate and explain the rationales behind several OCSIF recommendations. We focus on open ocean carbonate chemistry, and caution that the considerations we discuss become further complicated in coastal, estuarine, and sedimentary environments

Published
2024

15. The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author

European Commission, Norwegian Research Centre, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, University of Maryland, National Science Foundation (US), Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Helmholtz Association, Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., Key, Robert M., European Commission, Norwegian Research Centre, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, University of Maryland, National Science Foundation (US), Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Helmholtz Association, Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., and Key, Robert M.

Abstract

The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2023 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022). The major changes are as follows: data from 23 new cruises were added. In addition, a number of changes were made to the data included in GLODAPv2.2022. GLODAPv2.2023 includes measurements from more than 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1108 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on the systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 23 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 1085 quality-controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2022 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2), chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data-handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.

Published
2024

16. The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author

Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, Anton, Woosley, Ryan J., Key, Robert M., Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, Anton, Woosley, Ryan J., and Key, Robert M.

Published
2024
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17. An assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement using aqueous hydroxides: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds.

Author

Ringham, Mallory C., Hirtle, Nathan, Shaw, Cody, Lu, Xi, Herndon, Julian, Carter, Brendan R., and Eisaman, Matthew D.

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, SEA water analysis, CARBON dioxide, FIELD research, ALKALINITY
Abstract

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising approach to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) that leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to sequester atmospheric CO2 as dissolved bicarbonate (HCO3-). One OAE method involves the conversion of salt in seawater into aqueous alkalinity (NaOH), which is returned to the ocean. The resulting increase in seawater pH and alkalinity causes a shift in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) speciation toward carbonate and a decrease in the surface ocean p CO2. The shift in the p CO2 results in enhanced uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the seawater due to gas exchange. In this study, we systematically test the efficiency of CO2 uptake in seawater treated with NaOH at aquarium (15 L) and tank (6000 L) scales to establish operational boundaries for safety and efficiency in advance of scaling up to field experiments. CO2 equilibration occurred on the order of weeks to months, depending on circulation, air forcing, and air bubbling conditions within the test tanks. An increase of ∼0.7 –0.9 mol DIC per mol added alkalinity (in the form of NaOH) was observed through analysis of seawater bottle samples and pH sensor data, consistent with the value expected given the values of the carbonate system equilibrium calculations for the range of salinities and temperatures tested. Mineral precipitation occurred when the bulk seawater pH exceeded 10.0 and Ωaragonite exceeded 30.0. This precipitation was dominated by Mg(OH)2 over hours to 1 d before shifting to CaCO3,aragonite precipitation. These data, combined with models of the dilution and advection of alkaline plumes, will allow the estimation of the amount of carbon dioxide removal expected from OAE pilot studies. Future experiments should better approximate field conditions including sediment interactions, biological activity, ocean circulation, air–sea gas exchange rates, and mixing zone dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Spectrophotometrically derived seawater CO2‐system assessments: Parameter calculations using pH do not require measurements at standard temperatures.

Author

Schockman, Katelyn M., Byrne, Robert H., Carter, Brendan R., and Feely, Richard A.

Subjects
UNITS of measurement, CARBON dioxide in seawater, TEMPERATURE measurements, EARTH temperature, OCEAN temperature
Abstract

The temperature range of Earth's open‐ocean waters is roughly 0–30°C, yet our understanding of the seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) system is largely derived from analyses conducted within a narrow temperature range (e.g., laboratory temperature of 20°C or 25°C). Herein, we address two aspects of open‐ocean CO2‐system measurements and modeling: (1) a highly precise spectrophotometric technique is used to determine bicarbonate dissociation constants (K2) in seawater at temperatures as low as 3°C and (2) a cruise dataset uniquely including total scale pH measurements at two temperatures is used for CO2‐system internal consistency comparisons at 12°C and 25°C. Our pK2 parameterization (where pK = −log K) is applicable for broad ranges of salinity (20 ≤ SP ≤ 40) and temperature (3°C ≤ t ≤ 35°C). Our CO2‐system internal consistency evaluation (comparison of measured and calculated CO2‐system parameters) utilized data obtained during NOAA's 2021 West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise: total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH measured at 25°C, and pH measured at 12°C (n = 265). Results demonstrate that, relative to calculations utilizing the TA, DIC pair, agreement between measured and calculated parameters is improved when either TA or DIC is paired with pH measurements at either temperature. Calculations of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) and aragonite saturation state (Ωar) using pH measurements made at 25°C or 12°C (paired with either TA or DIC) are statistically indistinguishable. Results also suggest that the temperature dependence of current CO2‐system dissociation constants need further refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Climatological distribution of ocean acidification variables along the North American ocean margins.

Author

Jiang, Li-Qing, Boyer, Tim P., Paver, Christopher R., Yoo, Hyelim, Reagan, James R., Alin, Simone R., Barbero, Leticia, Carter, Brendan R., Feely, Richard A., and Wanninkhof, Rik

Subjects
OCEAN acidification, FISHERIES, HYDROGEN ions, CARBON dioxide, AQUACULTURE industry, CALCITE
Abstract

Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced in coastal regions where most economic activities, such as commercial and recreational fisheries and aquaculture industries, occur. In this paper, we unveil a comprehensive data product featuring coastal ocean acidification climatologies and atlases, encompassing the fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on the total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. These variables are provided on 1° × 1° spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from the surface to a depth of 500 m, along the North American ocean margins, defined as the region between the coastline and a distance of 200 nautical miles (∼370 km) offshore. The climatologies and atlases were developed using the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) gridding methods of the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) based on the recently released Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA), along with the 2021 update to the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2.2021) data product. The relevant variables were adjusted to the index year of 2010. The data product is available in NetCDF (https://doi.org/10.25921/g8pb-zy76 , Jiang et al., 2022b) on the NOAA Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0270962.html (last access: 15 July 2024). It is recommended to use the objectively analyzed mean fields (with "_an" suffix) for each variable. The atlases can be accessed at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/nacoastal.html (last access: 15 July 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Supplementary material to "The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product"

Author

Lauvset, Siv K., primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Álvarez, Marta, additional, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Müller, Jens Daniel, additional, Perez, Fiz F., additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Woosley, Ryan J., additional, and Key, Robert, additional

Published
2024
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22. A vision for FAIR ocean data products

Author

Tanhua, Toste, Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Olsen, Are, Álvarez, Marta, Diggs, Stephen, Bittig, Henry C., Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., da Cunha, Leticia Cotrim, Feely, Richard A., Hoppema, Mario, Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Kozyr, Alex, Murata, Akihiko, Pérez, Fiz F., Pfeil, Benjamin, Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Telszewski, Maciej, Tilbrook, Bronte, Velo, Anton, Wanninkhof, Rik, Burger, Eugene, O’Brien, Kevin, and Key, Robert M.

Published
2021
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23. Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon from 1994 to 2014 [Dataset]

Author

European Commission, Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-088], Gruber, Nicolas [0000-0002-2085-2310], Carter, Brendan R. [0000-0003-2445-0711], Feely, Richard A. [0000-0003-3245-3568], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Lauvset, Siv K. [0000-0001-8498-4067], Murata, Akihiko [0000-0002-5931-2784], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Sabine, Christopher L. [0000-0001-6945-8552], Tanhua, Toste [0000-0002-0313-2557], Wanninkhof, Rik [0000-0003-1973-3514], Zhu, Donghe [0000-0002-6033-9079], Müller, Jens Daniel [jensdaniel.mueller@usys.ethz.ch], Müller, Jens Daniel, Gruber, Nicolas, Carter, Brendan R., Feely, Richard A., Ishii, Masao, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Murata, Akihiko, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Sabine, Christopher L., Tanhua, Toste, Wanninkhof, Rik, Zhu, Donghe, European Commission, Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-088], Gruber, Nicolas [0000-0002-2085-2310], Carter, Brendan R. [0000-0003-2445-0711], Feely, Richard A. [0000-0003-3245-3568], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Lauvset, Siv K. [0000-0001-8498-4067], Murata, Akihiko [0000-0002-5931-2784], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Sabine, Christopher L. [0000-0001-6945-8552], Tanhua, Toste [0000-0002-0313-2557], Wanninkhof, Rik [0000-0003-1973-3514], Zhu, Donghe [0000-0002-6033-9079], Müller, Jens Daniel [jensdaniel.mueller@usys.ethz.ch], Müller, Jens Daniel, Gruber, Nicolas, Carter, Brendan R., Feely, Richard A., Ishii, Masao, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Murata, Akihiko, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Sabine, Christopher L., Tanhua, Toste, Wanninkhof, Rik, and Zhu, Donghe

Abstract

This dataset consists of the estimated decadal changes in the oceanic content of anthropogenic CO2 (∆Cant) between 1994, 2004 and 2014 as described in detail in Müller et al. (2023, in press, AGU Advances). These estimates have been derived from the GLODAPv2.2021 product (Lauvset et al., 2021) using the eMLR(C*) method developed by Clement & Gruber (2018). The datasets contain in addition to the standard estimate also 10 sensitivity cases, which are intended to assess the robustness of the standard estimates to different changes in the estimation procedure. All estimates are provided on a horizontal grid with 1° x 1° resolution. Two primary files are provided: one containing the full three-dimensional distribution of ∆Cant and one containing the vertically integrated values, i.e., the column inventories

Published
2023

24. Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2.2023 (GLODAPv2.2023)

Author

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Lauvset, Siv K. [0000-0001-8498-4067], Tanhua, Toste [0000-0002-0313-2557], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Kozyr, Alex [0000-0003-4836-8974], Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta [0000-0002-5075-9344], Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko [0000-0002-1466-6386], Carter, Brendan R. [0000-0003-2445-0711], Feely, Richard A. [0000-0003-3245-3568], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Lo Monaco, Claire [0000-0002-5653-5018], Murata, Akihiko [0000-0002-5931-2784], Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-0883], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Tilbrook, Bronte [0000-0001-9385-3827], Velo, A. [0000-0002-7598-5700], Lange, Nico [nlan@norceresearch.no], Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Becker, Susan, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Feely, Richard A., Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Jones, Steve D., Lo Monaco, Claire, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Tilbrook, Bronte, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., Key, Robert M., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Lauvset, Siv K. [0000-0001-8498-4067], Tanhua, Toste [0000-0002-0313-2557], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Kozyr, Alex [0000-0003-4836-8974], Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta [0000-0002-5075-9344], Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko [0000-0002-1466-6386], Carter, Brendan R. [0000-0003-2445-0711], Feely, Richard A. [0000-0003-3245-3568], Ishii, Masao [0000-0002-7328-4599], Lo Monaco, Claire [0000-0002-5653-5018], Murata, Akihiko [0000-0002-5931-2784], Müller, Jens Daniel [0000-0003-3137-0883], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Tilbrook, Bronte [0000-0001-9385-3827], Velo, A. [0000-0002-7598-5700], Lange, Nico [nlan@norceresearch.no], Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Becker, Susan, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Feely, Richard A., Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Jones, Steve D., Lo Monaco, Claire, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Tilbrook, Bronte, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., and Key, Robert M.

Abstract

This dataset consists of the GLODAPv2.2023 data product composed of data from 1108 scientific cruises covering the global ocean between 1972 and 2021. It includes full depth discrete bottle measurements of salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TAlk), CO2 fugacity (fCO2), pH, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4), SF6, and various isotopes and organic compounds. It was created by appending data from 23 cruises to GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022, NCEI Accession 0257247). The data for salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO2, TAlk, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6 were subjected to primary and secondary quality control. Severe biases in these data have been corrected for, and outliers removed. However, differences in data related to any known or likely time trends or variations have not been corrected for. These data are believed to be accurate to 0.005 in salinity, 1% in oxygen, 2% in nitrate, 2% in silicate, 2% in phosphate, 4 µmol kg-1 in TCO2, 4 µmol kg-1 in TAlk, and for the halogenated transient tracers and SF6: 5%

Published
2023

25. Spectrophotometrically derived seawater CO2‐system assessments: Parameter calculations using pH do not require measurements at standard temperatures

Author

Schockman, Katelyn M., Byrne, Robert H., Carter, Brendan R., and Feely, Richard A.

Abstract

The temperature range of Earth's open‐ocean waters is roughly 0–30°C, yet our understanding of the seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) system is largely derived from analyses conducted within a narrow temperature range (e.g., laboratory temperature of 20°C or 25°C). Herein, we address two aspects of open‐ocean CO2‐system measurements and modeling: (1) a highly precise spectrophotometric technique is used to determine bicarbonate dissociation constants (K2) in seawater at temperatures as low as 3°C and (2) a cruise dataset uniquely including total scale pH measurements at two temperatures is used for CO2‐system internal consistency comparisons at 12°C and 25°C. Our pK2parameterization (where pK= −log K) is applicable for broad ranges of salinity (20 ≤ SP≤ 40) and temperature (3°C ≤ t≤ 35°C). Our CO2‐system internal consistency evaluation (comparison of measured and calculated CO2‐system parameters) utilized data obtained during NOAA's 2021 West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise: total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH measured at 25°C, and pH measured at 12°C (n= 265). Results demonstrate that, relative to calculations utilizing the TA, DIC pair, agreement between measured and calculated parameters is improved when either TA or DIC is paired with pH measurements at either temperature. Calculations of CO2fugacity (fCO2) and aragonite saturation state (Ωar) using pH measurements made at 25°C or 12°C (paired with either TA or DIC) are statistically indistinguishable. Results also suggest that the temperature dependence of current CO2‐system dissociation constants need further refinement.

Published
2024
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26. Climatological distribution of ocean acidification indicators along the North American ocean margins.

Author

Jiang, Li-Qing, Boyer, Tim P., Paver, Christopher R., Yoo, Hyelim, Reagan, James R., Alin, Simone R., Barbero, Leticia, Carter, Brendan R., Feely, Richard A., and Wanninkhof, Rik

Subjects
OCEAN acidification, CALCITE, FISHERIES, OCEAN, HYDROGEN ions, CARBON dioxide
Abstract

Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced in coastal regions where most economic activities related to commercial and recreational fisheries as well as aquaculture industries occur. In this paper, we unveil a comprehensive data product featuring coastal climatologies and atlases for ten OA indicators, including fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on the total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. These indicators are provided on 1°×1° degree spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from the surface to a depth of 500 meters, along the North American ocean margins – defined as the region between the coastline and a distance of 200 nautical miles (∼370 km) offshore. The climatologies and atlases were developed using the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) gridding methods of the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), based on the recently released Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA), along with the 2021 update to the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2.2021) data product. The relevant variables were adjusted to the index year of 2010. The data product is available in NetCDF (DOI: 10.25921/g8pb-zy76) at the NOAA Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0270962.html. It is recommended to use the objectively analyzed mean fields (with '_an' suffix) for each variable. The atlases can be accessed at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/nacoastal.html. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Introduction

Author

Boyer, Tim, primary, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, additional, Abida, A., additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Adusumilli, Susheel, additional, Agyakwah, W., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Aldeco, Laura S., additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Alfaro, Eric J., additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Allgood, Adam, additional, Alves, Lincoln. M., additional, Amador, Jorge A., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Andrade, B., additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Atkinson, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Avalos, Grinia, additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Bader, Stephan, additional, Baez, Julian, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Banwell, Alison F., additional, Bardin, M. Yu, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Beadling, Rebecca L., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Becker, Emily J., additional, Bekele, E., additional, Bellido, Guillem Martín, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berne, Christine, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bhuiyan, A. E., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Bissolli, Peter, additional, Bjerke Jarle, W., additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blake, Eric S., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Blunden, Jessica, additional, Bochníček, Oliver, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodenstein, Barbara, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Bringas, Francis G., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Bukunt, Brandon, additional, Calderón, Blanca, additional, Camargo, Suzana J., additional, Campbell, Jayaka, additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Chandler, Elise, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Chen, Hua, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Cheng, Vincent Y. S., additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clarke, Leonardo, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coelho, Caio A.S., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Colwell, Steve, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Correa, Kris, additional, Costa, Felipe, additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Coy, Lawrence, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crhova, Lenka, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cunha, Ana P., additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Datta, Rajashree T., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, De Bock, Veerle, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, De Laat, Jos, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Demircan, Mesut, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Deus, Ricardo, additional, Dhurmea, K. R., additional, Diamond, Howard J., additional, Dirkse, S., additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Drost Jensen, Caroline, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, Drumond, Paula, additional, du Plessis, Marcel, additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, additional, Dunmire, Devon, additional, Dunn, Robert J. H., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dusek, Robert, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Ekici, Mithat, additional, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, additional, ElKharrim, M., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fauchereau, Nicolas, additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fenimore, Chris, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Fogarty, Chris, additional, Fogt, Ryan L., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Freeman, Natalie M., additional, Fricker, Helen A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Frost, Gerald V. (JJ), additional, Fuhrman, Steven, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Ganter, Catherine, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Gardner, Alex S., additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Gille, Sarah T., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Gleason, Karin, additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Goldenberg, Stanley B., additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Guard, Charles “Chip” P., additional, Hagos, S., additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Harnos, Daniel S., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, He, Qiong, additional, Heim, Richard R., additional, Hellström, Sverker, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Hicks, J., additional, Hidalgo, Hugo G., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Huang, Hongjie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jadra, Gerardo, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Johns, W., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Johnson, Bryan, additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Josey, Simon A., additional, Jumaux, G., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kabidi, K., additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, additional, Keller, Linda M., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kendon, Mike, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kerr, Kenneth, additional, Khan, Valentina, additional, Khiem, Mai Van, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kim, Mi Ju, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Klotzbach, Philip J., additional, Knaff, John A., additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Korshunova, Natalia N., additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya A., additional, Kruger, A. C., additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, L’Heureux, Michelle, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakatos, Mónika, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lam, Hoang Phuc, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Landsea, Chris W., additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Leung, Kinson H. Y., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Likso, Tanja, additional, Lin, I-I., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Lorrey, Andrew M., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Lu, Rui, additional, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Luo, Jing-Jia, additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, MacFerrin, Michael, additional, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., additional, MacLennan, Michelle L., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magee, Andrew D., additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Marcinonienė, Izolda, additional, Marengo, Jose A., additional, Marjan, Mohammadi, additional, Martínez, Ana E., additional, Massom, Robert A., additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Mazloff, Matthew R., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McBride, C., additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Mcvicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Mekonnen, A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Meyers, Tristan, additional, Mikolajczyk, David E., additional, Miller, John B., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Misevicius, Noelia, additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Moise, Aurel, additional, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mora, Natali, additional, Morán, Johnny, additional, Morehen, Claire, additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mostafa, A. E., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Newman, Paul A., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Nieto, Juan J., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, Norton, Taylor, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Ochwat, Naomi, additional, Oikawa, Yoshinori, additional, Okunaka, Yuka, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Pasch, Richard J., additional, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perčec Tadić, Melita, additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Pezza, Alexandre B., additional, Pezzi, Luciano P., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Pires, Vanda, additional, Pitts, Michael, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Quisbert, Kenny, additional, Quispe, Willy R., additional, Rajeevan, M., additional, Ramos, Andrea M., additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Raphael, Marilyn N., additional, Reagan, James, additional, Recalde, Cristina, additional, Reid, Phillip, additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J., additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Robjhon, M., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Ronchail, Josyane, additional, Rosencrans, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rösner, Benjamin, additional, Rösner, Henrieke, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rubek, Frans, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Salinas, Roberto, additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Santini, Marcelo, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Sayouri, A., additional, Scambos, Theodore, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schimanke, Semjon, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Schreck, Carl J., additional, Schultz, Cristina, additional, _, _, additional, Segele, Z. T., additional, Sensoy, Serhat, additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shi, Jia-Rui, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Shukla, R., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Sima, F., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Smith, Adam, additional, Smith, Matthew M., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Souza, Everaldo, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Spillane, Sandra, additional, Sreejith, O. P., additional, Srivastava, A. K., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stella, Jose L., additional, Stephenson, Tannecia S., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Sweet, William, additional, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, additional, Takemura, Kazuto, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Taylor, Michael A., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thiaw, W. M., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Thompson, Andrew F., additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tobin, Skie, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Trescilo, Lidia, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Trewin, Blair C., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Trotman, Adrian, additional, Truchelut, Ryan E., additional, Trusel, Luke D., additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., additional, van vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Vazife, Ahad, additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Walker, Donald (Skip) A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, Willems, An, additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Willis, J., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Wood, Kimberly M., additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yang, Daqing, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Yin, Ziqi, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Zhang, Peiqun, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Zhu, Zhiwei, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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30. Global Oceans

Author

Johnson, G. C, primary, Lumpkin, R, additional, Atkinson, C, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Boyer, Tim, additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gilson, John, additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, Johns, W., additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Reagan, James, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Sweet, William, additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Willis, J., additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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31. Controls on surface water carbonate chemistry along North American ocean margins

Author

Cai, Wei-Jun, Xu, Yuan-Yuan, Feely, Richard A., Wanninkhof, Rik, Jönsson, Bror, Alin, Simone R., Barbero, Leticia, Cross, Jessica N., Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Fassbender, Andrea J., Carter, Brendan R., Jiang, Li-Qing, Pepin, Pierre, Chen, Baoshan, Hussain, Najid, Reimer, Janet J., Xue, Liang, Salisbury, Joseph E., Hernández-Ayón, José Martín, Langdon, Chris, Li, Qian, Sutton, Adrienne J., Chen, Chen-Tung A., and Gledhill, Dwight K.

Published
2020
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33. A comprehensive assessment of electrochemical ocean alkalinity enhancement in seawater: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds.

Author

Ringham, Mallory C., Hirtle, Nathan, Shaw, Cody, Xi Lu, Herndon, Julian, Carter, Brendan R., and Eisaman, Matthew D.

Subjects
SEAWATER, ALKALINITY, OCEAN, SEA water analysis, CARBON dioxide, SALINE water conversion, OCEAN circulation
Abstract

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising approach to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) that leverages the large surface area and carbon storage capacity of the oceans to sequester atmospheric CO2 as dissolved bicarbonate (HCO3-). The SEA MATE (Safe Elevation of Alkalinity for the Mitigation of Acidification Through Electrochemistry) process uses electrochemistry to convert some of the salt (NaCl) in seawater or brine into aqueous acid (HCl), which is removed from the system, and base (NaOH), which is returned to the ocean with the remaining seawater. The resulting increase in seawater pH and alkalinity causes a shift in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) speciation toward carbonate and a decrease in the surface-ocean pCO2. The shift in the pCO2 results in enhanced CO2 uptake or reduced CO2 loss by the seawater due to gas exchange. The net result of this process is the increase of surface-ocean DIC, where it is durably stored as mostly bicarbonate and some carbonate. In this study, we systematically test the efficiency of CO2 uptake in seawater treated with NaOH at beaker (1L), aquaria (15L), and tank (6000L) scales to establish operational boundaries for safety and efficiency in scaling up to field experiments. Preliminary results show CO2 equilibration occurred on order of weeks to months, depending on circulation, air forcing, and air bubbling conditions within the test tanks. An increase of -0.7-0.9 mol DIC/ mol added alkalinity (in the form of NaOH) was observed through analysis of seawater bottle samples and pH sensor data, consistent with the value expected given the values of the carbonate system equilibrium calculations for the range of salinities and temperatures tested. Mineral precipitation occurred when the bulk seawater pH exceeded 10.0 and Ωaragonite exceeded 30.0. This precipitation was dominated by Mg(OH)2 over hours to 1 day before shifting to CaCO3, aragonite precipitation. These data, combined with models of the dilution and advection of alkaline plumes, will allow for estimation of the amount of carbon dioxide removal expected from OAE pilot studies. Future experiments should better approximate field conditions including sediment interactions, biological activity, ocean circulation, air-sea gas exchange rates, and mixing-zone dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Uncertainty sources for measurable ocean carbonate chemistry variables.

Author

Carter, Brendan R., Sharp, Jonathan D., Dickson, Andrew G., Álvarez, Marta, Fong, Michael B., García‐Ibáñez, Maribel I., Woosley, Ryan J., Takeshita, Yuichiro, Barbero, Leticia, Byrne, Robert H., Cai, Wei‐Jun, Chierici, Melissa, Clegg, Simon L., Easley, Regina A., Fassbender, Andrea J., Fleger, Kalla L., Li, Xinyu, Martín‐Mayor, Macarena, Schockman, Katelyn M., and Wang, Zhaohui Aleck

Subjects
*OCEAN, *MARINE ecology, *CARBONATE minerals, *CARBON cycle, *CARBONATES, *BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
Abstract

The ocean carbonate system is critical to monitor because it plays a major role in regulating Earth's climate and marine ecosystems. It is monitored using a variety of measurements, and it is commonly understood that all components of seawater carbonate chemistry can be calculated when at least two carbonate system variables are measured. However, several recent studies have highlighted systematic discrepancies between calculated and directly measured carbonate chemistry variables and these discrepancies have large implications for efforts to measure and quantify the changing ocean carbon cycle. Given this, the Ocean Carbonate System Intercomparison Forum (OCSIF) was formed as a working group through the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry program to coordinate and recommend research to quantify and/or reduce uncertainties and disagreements in measurable seawater carbonate system measurements and calculations, identify unknown or overlooked sources of these uncertainties, and provide recommendations for making progress on community efforts despite these uncertainties. With this paper we aim to (1) summarize recent progress toward quantifying and reducing carbonate system uncertainties; (2) advocate for research to further reduce and better quantify carbonate system measurement uncertainties; (3) present a small amount of new data, metadata, and analysis related to uncertainties in carbonate system measurements; and (4) restate and explain the rationales behind several OCSIF recommendations. We focus on open ocean carbonate chemistry, and caution that the considerations we discuss become further complicated in coastal, estuarine, and sedimentary environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Author

Jiang, Li‐Qing, primary, Dunne, John, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Tjiputra, Jerry F., additional, Terhaar, Jens, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Alin, Simone, additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre, additional, Hogan, Patrick, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Lange, Nico, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lewis, Ernie R., additional, Lovato, Tomas, additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Santana‐Falcón, Yeray, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Strand, Gary, additional, Swart, Neil, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watanabe, Michio, additional, Yamamoto, Akitomo, additional, and Ziehn, Tilo, additional

Published
2023
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36. Introduction STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2022

Author

Boyer, Tim, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, Abida, A, Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Adusumilli, Susheel, Agyakwah, W, Ahmasuk, Brandon, Aldeco, Laura S, Alexe, Mihai, Alfaro, Eric J, Allan, Richard P, Allgood, Adam, Alves, Lincoln M, Amador, Jorge A, Anderson, John, Andrade, B, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Arguez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Atkinson, C, Augustine, John A, Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Backensto, Stacia A, Bader, Stephan, Baez, Julian, Baiman, Rebecca, Ballinger, Thomas J, Banwell, Alison F, Bardin, M Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Barnes, John E, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Beck, Hylke E, Becker, Emily J, Bekele, E, Bellido, Guillem Martín, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Benestad, Rasmus, Berne, Christine, Berner, Logan T, Bernhard, Germar H, Bhatt, Uma S, Bhuiyan, AE, Bigalke, Siiri, Biló, Tiago, Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke Jarle, W, Blagrave, Kevin, Blake, Eric S, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bochníček, Oliver, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael, Boucher, Olivier, Bozkurt, Deniz, Brettschneider, Brian, Bringas, Francis G, Bringas, Francis, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A, Bukunt, Brandon, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J, Campbell, Jayaka, Campos, Diego, Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P, Chan, Duo, Chandler, Elise, Chang, Kai-Lan, Chen, Hua, Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent YS, Chomiak, Leah, Christiansen, Hanne H, Christy, John R, Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M, Clarke, Leonardo, Clem, Kyle R, Clingan, Scott, Coelho, Caio AS, Cohen, Judah L, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R, Cornes, Richard C, Correa, Kris, Costa, Felipe, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Créatux, Jean-François, Crhova, Lenka, Crimmins, Theresa, Cronin, Meghan F, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Culpepper, Joshua, Cunha, Ana P, Cusicanqui, Diego, Datta, Rajashree T, Davis, Sean M, De Bock, Veerle, de Jeu, Richard AM, De Laat, Jos, Decharme, Bertrand, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, Chris, Deus, Ricardo, Dhurmea, KR, Diamond, Howard J, Dirkse, S, Divine, Dmitry, Dokulil, Martin T, Donat, Markus G, Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A, Drost Jensen, Caroline, Druckenmiller, Matthew L, Drumond, Paula, du Plessis, Marcel, Dugan, Hilary A, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, Dunmire, Devon, Dunn, Robert JH, Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff, Duveiller, Gregory, Ekici, Mithat, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, ElKharrim, M, Epstein, Howard E, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, Estilow, Thomas W, Estrella, Nicole, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Fausto, Robert S, Feely, Richard A, Fenimore, Chris, Fereday, David, Fettweis, Xavier, Fioletov, vitali E, Flemming, Johannes, Fogarty, Chris, Fogt, Ryan L, Forbes, Bruce C, Foster, Michael J, Franz, Bryan A, Freeman, Natalie M, Fricker, Helen A, Frith, Stacey M, Froidevaux, Lucien, Frost, Gerald V, Fuhrman, Steven, Füllekrug, Martin, Ganter, Catherine, Gao, Meng, Gardner, Alex S, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gerland, Sebastian, Gibbes, Badin, Gille, Sarah T, Gilson, John, Gleason, Karin, Gobron, Nadine, Goetz, Scott J, Goldenberg, Stanley B, Goni, Gustavo, Goodman, Steven, Goto, Atsushi, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Gu, Guojun, Guard, Charles Chip P, Hagos, S, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Bradley D, Hamlington, Benjamin D, Hanna, Edward, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, Harnos, Daniel S, Harris, Ian, He, Qiong, Heim, Richard R, Hellström, Sverker, Hemming, Deborah L, Hendricks, Stefan, Hicks, J, Hidalgo, Hugo G, Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, W, Holmes, Robert M, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hu, Guojie, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Huang, Hongjie, Hurst, Dale F, Ialongo, Iolanda, Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jadra, Gerardo, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, John, Viju O, Johns, W, Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C, Jones, Philip D, Jones, Timothy, Josey, Simon A, Jumaux, G, Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kabidi, K, Kaiser, Johannes W, Kaler, Robb SA, Kaleschke, Lars, Kaufmann, Viktor, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, Keller, Linda M, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kendon, Mike, Kennedy, John, Kent, Elizabeth C, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, Valentina, Khiem, Mai Van, Kidd, Richard, Kim, Mi Ju, Kim, Seong-Joong, Kipling, Zak, Klotzbach, Philip J, Knaff, John A, Koppa, Akash, Korshunova, Natalia N, Kraemer, Benjamin M, Kramarova, Natalya A, Kruger, AC, Kruger, Andries, Kumar, Arun, L’Heureux, Michelle, La Fuente, Sofia, Laas, Alo, Labe, Zachary M, Lader, Rick, Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lam, Hoang Phuc, Lan, Xin, Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W, Lang, Timothy, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lantz, Kathleen O, Lara, Mark J, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lavers, David A, Lazzara, Matthew A, Leblanc, Thierry, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, Leibensperger, Eric M, Lennard, Chris, Leuliette, Eric, Leung, Kinson HY, Lieser, Jan L, Likso, Tanja, Lin, I-I, Lindsey, Jackie, Liu, Yakun, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G, Loomis, Bryant D, Lorrey, Andrew M, Loyola, Diego, Lu, Rui, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-Jia, Luojus, Kari, Lyman, John M, Maberly, Stephen C, Macander, Matthew J, MacFerrin, Michael, MacGilchrist, Graeme A, MacLennan, Michelle L, Madelon, Remi, Magee, Andrew D, Magnin, Florence, Mamen, Jostein, Mankoff, Ken D, Manney, Gloria L, Marcinonienė, Izolda, Marengo, Jose A, Marjan, Mohammadi, Martínez, Ana E, Massom, Robert A, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew R, McAfee, Stephanie A, McBride, C, McCabe, Matthew F, McClelland, James W, McPhaden, Michael J, Mcvicar, Tim R, Mears, Carl A, Meier, Walter N, Mekonnen, A, Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J, Merrifield, Mark A, Meyer, Michael F, Meyers, Tristan, Mikolajczyk, David E, Miller, John B, Miralles, Diego G, Misevicius, Noelia, Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T, Moat, Ben I, Moesinger, Leander, Moise, Aurel, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, Monet, Ghislaine, Montzka, Stephan A, Moon, Twila A, Moore, GWK, Mora, Natali, Morán, Johnny, Morehen, Claire, Morice, Colin, Mostafa, AE, Mote, Thomas L, Mrekaj, Ivan, Mudryk, Lawrence, Mühle, Jens, Müller, Rolf, Nance, David, Nash, Eric R, Nerem, R Steven, Newman, Paul A, Nicolas, Julien P, Nieto, Juan J, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben, Norton, Taylor, Nyland, Kelsey E, O’Keefe, John, Ochwat, Naomi, Oikawa, Yoshinori, Okunaka, Yuka, Osborn, Timothy J, Overland, James E, Park, Taejin, Parrington, Mark, Parrish, Julia K, Pasch, Richard J, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pellet, Cécile, Pelto, Mauri S, Perčec Tadić, Melita, Perovich, Donald K, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, Petersen, Kyle, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Petty, Alek, Pezza, Alexandre B, Pezzi, Luciano P, Phillips, Coda, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pierson, Don, Pinto, Izidine, Pires, Vanda, Pitts, Michael, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Pogliotti, Paolo, Poinar, Kristin, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Purkey, Sarah G, Qiu, Bo, Quisbert, Kenny, Quispe, Willy R, Rajeevan, M, Ramos, Andrea M, Randel, William J, Rantanen, Mika, Raphael, Marilyn N, Reagan, James, Recalde, Cristina, Reid, Phillip, Rémy, Samuel, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D, Ricker, Robert, Robinson, David A, Robjhon, M, Rocha, Willy, Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, Romanovsky, Vladimir E, Ronchail, Josyane, Rosencrans, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H, Rösner, Benjamin, Rösner, Henrieke, Rozanov, Alexei, Rozkošný, Jozef, Rubek, Frans, Rusanovskaya, Olga O, Rutishauser, This, Sabeerali, CT, Salinas, Roberto, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L, Santini, Marcelo, Sato, Katsunari, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Sayouri, A, Scambos, Theodore, Schenzinger, Verena, Schimanke, Semjon, Schlegel, Robert W, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schneider, Udo, Schreck, Carl J, Schultz, Cristina, _, _, Segele, ZT, Sensoy, Serhat, Serbin, Shawn P, Serreze, Mark C, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, Sezaki, Fumi, Sharma, Sapna, Sharp, Jonathan D, Sheffield, Gay, Shi, Jia-Rui, Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Alexander I, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V, Shukla, R, Siegel, David A, Silow, Eugene A, Sima, F, Simmons, Adrian J, Smeed, David A, Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L, Soden, Brian J, Sofieva, Viktoria, Souza, Everaldo, Sparks, Tim H, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, Spencer, Robert GM, Spillane, Sandra, Sreejith, OP, Srivastava, AK, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K, Stella, Jose L, Stephenson, Tannecia S, Stradiotti, Pietro, Strahan, Susan E, Streletskiy, Dmitry A, Surendran, Divya E, Suslova, Anya, Svendby, Tove, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, Takemura, Kazuto, Tank, Suzanne E, Taylor, Michael A, Tedesco, Marco, Thackeray, Stephen J, Thiaw, WM, Thibert, Emmanuel, Thoman, Richard L, Thompson, Andrew F, Thompson, Philip R, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, Timofeyev, Maxim A, Tobin, Skie, Tømmervik, Hans, Tourpali, Kleareti, Trescilo, Lidia, Tretiakov, Mikhail, Trewin, Blair C, Triñanes, Joaquin A, Trotman, Adrian, Truchelut, Ryan E, Trusel, Luke D, Tye, Mari R, van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J, van vliet, Arnold JH, Vazife, Ahad, Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J, Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastián, Volkov, Denis L, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S, Walker, Donald A, Walsh, John E, Wang, Bin, Wang, Hui, Wang, Muyin, Wang, Ray HJ, Wang, Xinyue, Wanninkhof, Rik, Warnock, Taran, Weber, Mark, Webster, Melinda, Wehrlé, Adrian, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K, Widlansky, Matthew J, Wiese, David N, Wild, Jeannette D, Wille, Jonathan D, Willems, An, Willett, Kate M, Williams, Earle, Willis, J, Wong, Takmeng, Wood, Kimberly M, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, Xie, Ping-Ping, Yang, Dedi, Yin, Xungang, Yin, Ziqi, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziemke, Jerry R, Ziese, Markus, Zolkos, Scott, Zotta, Ruxandra M, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V, Haley, Bridgette O, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B, Veasey, Sara W, Boyer, Tim, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, Abida, A, Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Adusumilli, Susheel, Agyakwah, W, Ahmasuk, Brandon, Aldeco, Laura S, Alexe, Mihai, Alfaro, Eric J, Allan, Richard P, Allgood, Adam, Alves, Lincoln M, Amador, Jorge A, Anderson, John, Andrade, B, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Arguez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Atkinson, C, Augustine, John A, Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Backensto, Stacia A, Bader, Stephan, Baez, Julian, Baiman, Rebecca, Ballinger, Thomas J, Banwell, Alison F, Bardin, M Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Barnes, John E, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Beck, Hylke E, Becker, Emily J, Bekele, E, Bellido, Guillem Martín, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Benestad, Rasmus, Berne, Christine, Berner, Logan T, Bernhard, Germar H, Bhatt, Uma S, Bhuiyan, AE, Bigalke, Siiri, Biló, Tiago, Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke Jarle, W, Blagrave, Kevin, Blake, Eric S, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bochníček, Oliver, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael, Boucher, Olivier, Bozkurt, Deniz, Brettschneider, Brian, Bringas, Francis G, Bringas, Francis, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A, Bukunt, Brandon, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J, Campbell, Jayaka, Campos, Diego, Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P, Chan, Duo, Chandler, Elise, Chang, Kai-Lan, Chen, Hua, Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent YS, Chomiak, Leah, Christiansen, Hanne H, Christy, John R, Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M, Clarke, Leonardo, Clem, Kyle R, Clingan, Scott, Coelho, Caio AS, Cohen, Judah L, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R, Cornes, Richard C, Correa, Kris, Costa, Felipe, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Créatux, Jean-François, Crhova, Lenka, Crimmins, Theresa, Cronin, Meghan F, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Culpepper, Joshua, Cunha, Ana P, Cusicanqui, Diego, Datta, Rajashree T, Davis, Sean M, De Bock, Veerle, de Jeu, Richard AM, De Laat, Jos, Decharme, Bertrand, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, Chris, Deus, Ricardo, Dhurmea, KR, Diamond, Howard J, Dirkse, S, Divine, Dmitry, Dokulil, Martin T, Donat, Markus G, Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A, Drost Jensen, Caroline, Druckenmiller, Matthew L, Drumond, Paula, du Plessis, Marcel, Dugan, Hilary A, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, Dunmire, Devon, Dunn, Robert JH, Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff, Duveiller, Gregory, Ekici, Mithat, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, ElKharrim, M, Epstein, Howard E, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, Estilow, Thomas W, Estrella, Nicole, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Fausto, Robert S, Feely, Richard A, Fenimore, Chris, Fereday, David, Fettweis, Xavier, Fioletov, vitali E, Flemming, Johannes, Fogarty, Chris, Fogt, Ryan L, Forbes, Bruce C, Foster, Michael J, Franz, Bryan A, Freeman, Natalie M, Fricker, Helen A, Frith, Stacey M, Froidevaux, Lucien, Frost, Gerald V, Fuhrman, Steven, Füllekrug, Martin, Ganter, Catherine, Gao, Meng, Gardner, Alex S, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gerland, Sebastian, Gibbes, Badin, Gille, Sarah T, Gilson, John, Gleason, Karin, Gobron, Nadine, Goetz, Scott J, Goldenberg, Stanley B, Goni, Gustavo, Goodman, Steven, Goto, Atsushi, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Gu, Guojun, Guard, Charles Chip P, Hagos, S, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Bradley D, Hamlington, Benjamin D, Hanna, Edward, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, Harnos, Daniel S, Harris, Ian, He, Qiong, Heim, Richard R, Hellström, Sverker, Hemming, Deborah L, Hendricks, Stefan, Hicks, J, Hidalgo, Hugo G, Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, W, Holmes, Robert M, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hu, Guojie, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Huang, Hongjie, Hurst, Dale F, Ialongo, Iolanda, Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jadra, Gerardo, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, John, Viju O, Johns, W, Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C, Jones, Philip D, Jones, Timothy, Josey, Simon A, Jumaux, G, Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kabidi, K, Kaiser, Johannes W, Kaler, Robb SA, Kaleschke, Lars, Kaufmann, Viktor, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, Keller, Linda M, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kendon, Mike, Kennedy, John, Kent, Elizabeth C, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, Valentina, Khiem, Mai Van, Kidd, Richard, Kim, Mi Ju, Kim, Seong-Joong, Kipling, Zak, Klotzbach, Philip J, Knaff, John A, Koppa, Akash, Korshunova, Natalia N, Kraemer, Benjamin M, Kramarova, Natalya A, Kruger, AC, Kruger, Andries, Kumar, Arun, L’Heureux, Michelle, La Fuente, Sofia, Laas, Alo, Labe, Zachary M, Lader, Rick, Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lam, Hoang Phuc, Lan, Xin, Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W, Lang, Timothy, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lantz, Kathleen O, Lara, Mark J, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lavers, David A, Lazzara, Matthew A, Leblanc, Thierry, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, Leibensperger, Eric M, Lennard, Chris, Leuliette, Eric, Leung, Kinson HY, Lieser, Jan L, Likso, Tanja, Lin, I-I, Lindsey, Jackie, Liu, Yakun, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G, Loomis, Bryant D, Lorrey, Andrew M, Loyola, Diego, Lu, Rui, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-Jia, Luojus, Kari, Lyman, John M, Maberly, Stephen C, Macander, Matthew J, MacFerrin, Michael, MacGilchrist, Graeme A, MacLennan, Michelle L, Madelon, Remi, Magee, Andrew D, Magnin, Florence, Mamen, Jostein, Mankoff, Ken D, Manney, Gloria L, Marcinonienė, Izolda, Marengo, Jose A, Marjan, Mohammadi, Martínez, Ana E, Massom, Robert A, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew R, McAfee, Stephanie A, McBride, C, McCabe, Matthew F, McClelland, James W, McPhaden, Michael J, Mcvicar, Tim R, Mears, Carl A, Meier, Walter N, Mekonnen, A, Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J, Merrifield, Mark A, Meyer, Michael F, Meyers, Tristan, Mikolajczyk, David E, Miller, John B, Miralles, Diego G, Misevicius, Noelia, Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T, Moat, Ben I, Moesinger, Leander, Moise, Aurel, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, Monet, Ghislaine, Montzka, Stephan A, Moon, Twila A, Moore, GWK, Mora, Natali, Morán, Johnny, Morehen, Claire, Morice, Colin, Mostafa, AE, Mote, Thomas L, Mrekaj, Ivan, Mudryk, Lawrence, Mühle, Jens, Müller, Rolf, Nance, David, Nash, Eric R, Nerem, R Steven, Newman, Paul A, Nicolas, Julien P, Nieto, Juan J, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben, Norton, Taylor, Nyland, Kelsey E, O’Keefe, John, Ochwat, Naomi, Oikawa, Yoshinori, Okunaka, Yuka, Osborn, Timothy J, Overland, James E, Park, Taejin, Parrington, Mark, Parrish, Julia K, Pasch, Richard J, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pellet, Cécile, Pelto, Mauri S, Perčec Tadić, Melita, Perovich, Donald K, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, Petersen, Kyle, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Petty, Alek, Pezza, Alexandre B, Pezzi, Luciano P, Phillips, Coda, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pierson, Don, Pinto, Izidine, Pires, Vanda, Pitts, Michael, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Pogliotti, Paolo, Poinar, Kristin, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Purkey, Sarah G, Qiu, Bo, Quisbert, Kenny, Quispe, Willy R, Rajeevan, M, Ramos, Andrea M, Randel, William J, Rantanen, Mika, Raphael, Marilyn N, Reagan, James, Recalde, Cristina, Reid, Phillip, Rémy, Samuel, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D, Ricker, Robert, Robinson, David A, Robjhon, M, Rocha, Willy, Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, Romanovsky, Vladimir E, Ronchail, Josyane, Rosencrans, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H, Rösner, Benjamin, Rösner, Henrieke, Rozanov, Alexei, Rozkošný, Jozef, Rubek, Frans, Rusanovskaya, Olga O, Rutishauser, This, Sabeerali, CT, Salinas, Roberto, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L, Santini, Marcelo, Sato, Katsunari, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Sayouri, A, Scambos, Theodore, Schenzinger, Verena, Schimanke, Semjon, Schlegel, Robert W, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schneider, Udo, Schreck, Carl J, Schultz, Cristina, _, _, Segele, ZT, Sensoy, Serhat, Serbin, Shawn P, Serreze, Mark C, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, Sezaki, Fumi, Sharma, Sapna, Sharp, Jonathan D, Sheffield, Gay, Shi, Jia-Rui, Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Alexander I, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V, Shukla, R, Siegel, David A, Silow, Eugene A, Sima, F, Simmons, Adrian J, Smeed, David A, Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L, Soden, Brian J, Sofieva, Viktoria, Souza, Everaldo, Sparks, Tim H, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, Spencer, Robert GM, Spillane, Sandra, Sreejith, OP, Srivastava, AK, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K, Stella, Jose L, Stephenson, Tannecia S, Stradiotti, Pietro, Strahan, Susan E, Streletskiy, Dmitry A, Surendran, Divya E, Suslova, Anya, Svendby, Tove, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, Takemura, Kazuto, Tank, Suzanne E, Taylor, Michael A, Tedesco, Marco, Thackeray, Stephen J, Thiaw, WM, Thibert, Emmanuel, Thoman, Richard L, Thompson, Andrew F, Thompson, Philip R, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, Timofeyev, Maxim A, Tobin, Skie, Tømmervik, Hans, Tourpali, Kleareti, Trescilo, Lidia, Tretiakov, Mikhail, Trewin, Blair C, Triñanes, Joaquin A, Trotman, Adrian, Truchelut, Ryan E, Trusel, Luke D, Tye, Mari R, van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J, van vliet, Arnold JH, Vazife, Ahad, Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J, Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastián, Volkov, Denis L, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S, Walker, Donald A, Walsh, John E, Wang, Bin, Wang, Hui, Wang, Muyin, Wang, Ray HJ, Wang, Xinyue, Wanninkhof, Rik, Warnock, Taran, Weber, Mark, Webster, Melinda, Wehrlé, Adrian, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K, Widlansky, Matthew J, Wiese, David N, Wild, Jeannette D, Wille, Jonathan D, Willems, An, Willett, Kate M, Williams, Earle, Willis, J, Wong, Takmeng, Wood, Kimberly M, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, Xie, Ping-Ping, Yang, Dedi, Yin, Xungang, Yin, Ziqi, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziemke, Jerry R, Ziese, Markus, Zolkos, Scott, Zotta, Ruxandra M, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V, Haley, Bridgette O, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B, and Veasey, Sara W

Abstract

Abstract —J. BLUNDEN, T. BOYER, AND E. BARTOW-GILLIES Earth’s global climate system is vast, complex, and intricately interrelated. Many areas are influenced by global-scale phenomena, including the “triple dip” La Niña conditions that prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean nearly continuously from mid-2020 through all of 2022; by regional phenomena such as the positive winter and summer North Atlantic Oscillation that impacted weather in parts the Northern Hemisphere and the negative Indian Ocean dipole that impacted weather in parts of the Southern Hemisphere; and by more localized systems such as high-pressure heat domes that caused extreme heat in different areas of the world. Underlying all these natural short-term variabilities are long-term climate trends due to continuous increases since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases. In 2022, the annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 417.1±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. Global mean tropospheric methane abundance was 165% higher than its pre-industrial level, and nitrous oxide was 24% higher. All three gases set new record-high atmospheric concentration levels in 2022. Sea-surface temperature patterns in the tropical Pacific characteristic of La Niña and attendant atmospheric patterns tend to mitigate atmospheric heat gain at the global scale, but the annual global surface temperature across land and oceans was still among the six highest in records dating as far back as the mid-1800s. It was the warmest La Niña year on record. Many areas observed record or near-record heat. Europe as a whole observed its second-warmest year on record, with sixteen individual countries observing record warmth at the national scale. Records were shattered across the continent during the summer months as heatwaves

Published
2023

37. Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Author

Jiang, Li-qing, Dunne, John, Carter, Brendan R., Tjiputra, Jerry F., Terhaar, Jens, Sharp, Jonathan D., Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Feely, Richard A., Gattuso, Jean-pierre, Hogan, Patrick, Ilyina, Tatiana, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Lewis, Ernie R., Lovato, Tomas, Palmieri, Julien, Santana-falcon, Yeray, Schwinger, Joerg, Seferian, Roland, Strand, Gary, Swart, Neil, Tanhua, Toste, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Ziehn, Tilo, Jiang, Li-qing, Dunne, John, Carter, Brendan R., Tjiputra, Jerry F., Terhaar, Jens, Sharp, Jonathan D., Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Feely, Richard A., Gattuso, Jean-pierre, Hogan, Patrick, Ilyina, Tatiana, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Lewis, Ernie R., Lovato, Tomas, Palmieri, Julien, Santana-falcon, Yeray, Schwinger, Joerg, Seferian, Roland, Strand, Gary, Swart, Neil, Tanhua, Toste, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, and Ziehn, Tilo

Abstract

Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model-data fusion product covering 10 global surface OA indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational ocean carbon data products. The indicators include fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. The evolution of these OA indicators is presented on a global surface ocean 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid as decadal averages every 10 years from preindustrial conditions (1750), through historical conditions (1850-2010), and to five future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020-2100): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. These OA trajectories represent an improvement over previous OA data products with respect to data quantity, spatial and temporal coverage, diversity of the underlying data and model simulations, and the provided SSPs. The generated data product offers a state-of-the-art research and management tool for the 21st century under the combined stressors of global climate change and ocean acidification. The gridded data product is available in NetCDF at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html, and global maps of these indicators are available in jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-datasystem/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html. Plain Language Summary A new data product, based on the latest computer simulations and observational data, offers improv

Published
2023
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38. Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018

Author

National Science Foundation (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), European Commission, Helmholtz Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Research Foundation - Flanders, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Research Council of Norway, Swiss National Science Foundation, Royal Society (UK), Devries, Timothy, Yamamoto, Kama, Wanninkhof, Rik, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Müller, Jens Daniel, Bopp, Laurent, Carroll, Dustin, Carter, Brendan R., Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Doney, Scott C., Gehlen, Marion, Gloege, Lucas, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Kim, Ji Hyun, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Munro, David R., Nissen, Cara, Patara, Lavinia, Pérez, Fiz F., Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Sicardi, Valentina, Terhaar, Jens, Triñanes, Joaquin, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watson, Andrew J., Yasunaka, Sayaka, Zeng, Jiye, National Science Foundation (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), European Commission, Helmholtz Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Research Foundation - Flanders, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Research Council of Norway, Swiss National Science Foundation, Royal Society (UK), Devries, Timothy, Yamamoto, Kama, Wanninkhof, Rik, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Müller, Jens Daniel, Bopp, Laurent, Carroll, Dustin, Carter, Brendan R., Chau, Thi-Tuyet-Trang, Doney, Scott C., Gehlen, Marion, Gloege, Lucas, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Kim, Ji Hyun, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Landschützer, Peter, Le Quéré, Corinne, Munro, David R., Nissen, Cara, Patara, Lavinia, Pérez, Fiz F., Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Sicardi, Valentina, Terhaar, Jens, Triñanes, Joaquin, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watson, Andrew J., Yasunaka, Sayaka, and Zeng, Jiye

Abstract

This contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes the processes that determine the global ocean carbon sink, and its trends and variability over the period 1985–2018, using a combination of models and observation-based products. The mean sea-air CO2 flux from 1985 to 2018 is −1.6 ± 0.2 PgC yr−1 based on an ensemble of reconstructions of the history of sea surface pCO2 (pCO2 products). Models indicate that the dominant component of this flux is the net oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, which is estimated at −2.1 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 by an ensemble of ocean biogeochemical models, and −2.4 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1 by two ocean circulation inverse models. The ocean also degasses about 0.65 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 of terrestrially derived CO2, but this process is not fully resolved by any of the models used here. From 2001 to 2018, the pCO2 products reconstruct a trend in the ocean carbon sink of −0.61 ± 0.12 PgC yr−1 decade−1, while biogeochemical models and inverse models diagnose an anthropogenic CO2-driven trend of −0.34 ± 0.06 and −0.41 ± 0.03 PgC yr−1 decade−1, respectively. This implies a climate-forced acceleration of the ocean carbon sink in recent decades, but there are still large uncertainties on the magnitude and cause of this trend. The interannual to decadal variability of the global carbon sink is mainly driven by climate variability, with the climate-driven variability exceeding the CO2-forced variability by 2–3 times. These results suggest that anthropogenic CO2 dominates the ocean CO2 sink, while climate-driven variability is potentially large but highly uncertain and not consistently captured across different methods

Published
2023

39. Global Oceans

Author

Johnson, G. C, Lumpkin, R, Atkinson, C, Biló, Tiago, Boyer, Tim, Bringas, Francis, Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Chan, Duo, Cheng, Lijing, Chomiak, Leah, Cronin, Meghan F., Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Franz, Bryan A., Gao, Meng, Garg, Jay, Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hobbs, W., Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Johns, W., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John M., McPhaden, Michael J., Merrifield, Mark A., Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Mrekaj, Ivan, Nerem, R. Steven, Purkey, Sarah G., Qiu, Bo, Reagan, James, Sato, Katsunari, Schmid, Claudia, Sharp, Jonathan D., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Willis, J., Xie, Ping-Ping, Yin, Xungang, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V., Haley, Bridgette O., Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B., Veasey, Sara W., Johnson, G. C, Lumpkin, R, Atkinson, C, Biló, Tiago, Boyer, Tim, Bringas, Francis, Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Chan, Duo, Cheng, Lijing, Chomiak, Leah, Cronin, Meghan F., Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Franz, Bryan A., Gao, Meng, Garg, Jay, Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hobbs, W., Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Johns, W., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John M., McPhaden, Michael J., Merrifield, Mark A., Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Mrekaj, Ivan, Nerem, R. Steven, Purkey, Sarah G., Qiu, Bo, Reagan, James, Sato, Katsunari, Schmid, Claudia, Sharp, Jonathan D., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Willis, J., Xie, Ping-Ping, Yin, Xungang, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V., Haley, Bridgette O., Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B., and Veasey, Sara W.

Abstract

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and heat transport (MHT) have been observed (Fig. 3.21) at several trans-basin and western boundary moored arrays (e.g., Frajka-Williams et al. 2019; Berx et al. 2021; Hummels et al. 2022), as well as by synthesizing in situ and satellite altimetry measurements at several latitudes (Hobbs and Willis 2012; Sanchez-Franks et al. 2021; Dong et al. 2021; Kersalé et al. 2021). Here we provide updates on the MOC and MHT estimates from the Rapid Climate Change/MOC and Heatflux Array/Western Boundary Time Series (RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS) moored array at 26.5°N and from the synthetic approach at 41°N and at several latitudes in the South Atlantic. While updates for the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program and the South Atlantic MOC Basin-wide Array at 34.5°S are pending, we report on recent advances in observing the variability of flows comprising the lower limb of the North Atlantic MOC, including the Meridional Overturning Variability Experiment (MOVE, 16°N).

Published
2023

40. Global surface ocean acidification indicators from 1750 to 2100

Author

Jiang, Li‐Qing, Dunne, John, Carter, Brendan R., Tjiputra, Jerry F., Terhaar, Jens, Sharp, Jonathan D., Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Feely, Richard A., Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre, Hogan, Patrick, Ilyina, Tatiana, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Lewis, Ernie R., Lovato, Tomas, Palmieri, Julien, Santana‐Falcón, Yeray, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Strand, Gary, Swart, Neil, Tanhua, Toste, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Ziehn, Tilo, Jiang, Li‐Qing, Dunne, John, Carter, Brendan R., Tjiputra, Jerry F., Terhaar, Jens, Sharp, Jonathan D., Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Feely, Richard A., Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre, Hogan, Patrick, Ilyina, Tatiana, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Lewis, Ernie R., Lovato, Tomas, Palmieri, Julien, Santana‐Falcón, Yeray, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Strand, Gary, Swart, Neil, Tanhua, Toste, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, and Ziehn, Tilo

Abstract

Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model-data fusion product covering 10 global surface OA indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational ocean carbon data products. The indicators include fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. The evolution of these OA indicators is presented on a global surface ocean 1° × 1° grid as decadal averages every 10 years from preindustrial conditions (1750), through historical conditions (1850–2010), and to five future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020–2100): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. These OA trajectories represent an improvement over previous OA data products with respect to data quantity, spatial and temporal coverage, diversity of the underlying data and model simulations, and the provided SSPs. The generated data product offers a state-of-the-art research and management tool for the 21st century under the combined stressors of global climate change and ocean acidification. The gridded data product is available in NetCDF at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html, and global maps of these indicators are available in jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html.

Published
2023

41. Constraining regional and global ocean carbon fluxes 1985 to 2018 in RECCAP2

Author

Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Ishii, Masao, Müller, Jens Daniel, Carter, Brendan R., Dai, Minhan, Devries, Timothy, Doney, Scott C., Fassbender, Andrea J., Gehlen, Marion, Goris, Nadine, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Lachkar; Zouhair, Landschützer, Peter, Laruelle, Goulven, Manizza, Manfredi, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Regnier, Pierre, Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schwinger, Jörg, Terhaar, Jens, Tjiputra, Jerry, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasunaka, Sayaka, Canadell, Josep G., Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Ishii, Masao, Müller, Jens Daniel, Carter, Brendan R., Dai, Minhan, Devries, Timothy, Doney, Scott C., Fassbender, Andrea J., Gehlen, Marion, Goris, Nadine, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Lachkar; Zouhair, Landschützer, Peter, Laruelle, Goulven, Manizza, Manfredi, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Regnier, Pierre, Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schwinger, Jörg, Terhaar, Jens, Tjiputra, Jerry, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasunaka, Sayaka, and Canadell, Josep G.

Abstract

Keeping global warming in line with the Paris Agreement requires rapid reductions in CO2 emissions. Tracking these reductions demands a thorough bookkeeping of natural and anthropogenic carbon fluxes. The second REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2) activity of the Global Carbon Project aims to accurately assess land and ocean CO2 sources and sinks through the efforts of hundreds of scientists around the globe. For the ocean component, regional budgets are developed for the global ocean and five large regions for the period 1980-2018. In addition, four ‘special focus’ themes, namely the biological carbon pump, the seasonal cycle, the coastal ocean and model evaluation are addressed. We use state-of-the-art ocean models and observation-based datasets to provide robust estimates of regional CO2 budgets and constrain their uncertainties. Here, we will provide an overview of RECCAP2 activities, and showcase key results focusing on mean ocean carbon fluxes, and their trends and variability

Published
2023

42. RECCAP2-ocean: Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Phase 2

Author

Müller, Jens Daniel, Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Ishii, Masao, Carter, Brendan R., Dai, Minhan, Devries, Timothy, Doney, Scott C., Fassbender, Andrea J., Gehlen, Marion, Goris, Nadine, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Lachkar; Zouhair, Landschützer, Peter, Laruelle, Goulven, Manizza, Manfredi, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Regnier, Pierre, Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schwinger, Jörg, Terhaar, Jens, Tjiputra, Jerry, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasunaka, Sayaka, Bastos, Ana, Poulter, Benjamin, Canadell, Josep G., Müller, Jens Daniel, Hauck, Judith, Gruber, Nicolas, Ishii, Masao, Carter, Brendan R., Dai, Minhan, Devries, Timothy, Doney, Scott C., Fassbender, Andrea J., Gehlen, Marion, Goris, Nadine, Gregor, Luke, Henson, Stephanie, Lachkar; Zouhair, Landschützer, Peter, Laruelle, Goulven, Manizza, Manfredi, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., Regnier, Pierre, Resplandy, Laure, Rodgers, Keith B., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schwinger, Jörg, Terhaar, Jens, Tjiputra, Jerry, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasunaka, Sayaka, Bastos, Ana, Poulter, Benjamin, and Canadell, Josep G.

Published
2023

43. Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon from 1994 to 2014

Author

Müller, Jens Daniel, primary, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Lange, Nico, additional, Lauvset, Siv K, additional, Murata, Akihiko M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Sabine, Christopher L., additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, and Zhu, Donghe, additional

Published
2023
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45. GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author

Lauvset, Siv K., primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Alin, Simone, additional, Álvarez, Marta, additional, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Becker, Susan, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, da Cunha, Leticia Cotrim, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Jiang, Li-Qing, additional, Jones, Steve D., additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Müller, Jens Daniel, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Woosley, Ryan J., additional, and Key, Robert M., additional

Published
2022
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47. Supplementary material to "GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product"

Author

Lauvset, Siv K., primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Álvarez, Marta, additional, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Becker, Susan, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, da Cunha, Leticia Cotrim, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Jiang, Li-Qing, additional, Jones, Steve D., additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Müller, Jens Daniel, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Woosley, Ryan J., additional, and Key, Robert M., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
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