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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The fat of the synovial joints can be used to maintain the joint structure. Our objective is to analyse the evolution of joint degeneration in knees with and without adipose pack. Material and methodology: In six sheep, the anterior cruciate ligament was sectioned in both knees, to cause osteoarthritis. In one group the fat pack was preserved and in another group it was completely removed. We performed a histological and molecular biology study analyzing the expression, in the synovial membrane, subchondral bone, cartilage, fat, meniscus, and synovial fluid, of RUNX2, PTHrP, cathepsin-K, and MCP1. Results: We did not find morphological differences. We found increased expression of RUNX2 in synovial membrane, PTHrP and Cathepsin K in synovial fluid in the group without fat, and increased expression of RUNX2 in the meniscus and MCP1 in synovial fluid in the group with fat. Conclusion: Infrapatellar fat participates in the inflammatory process that accompanies osteoarthritis, since Hoffa fat pad resection alters pro-inflammatory markers, while the model with intact fat increases the pro-inflammatory marker MCP1 in synovial fluid. Resumen: Introducción: La grasa de las articulaciones sinoviales puede servir para el mantenimiento de la estructura articular. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la evolución de la degeneración articular en rodillas con y sin paquete adiposo. Material y metodología: En 6 ovejas se efectuó la sección del ligamento cruzado anterior en ambas rodillas, para provocar una artrosis. En un grupo se preservó el paquete adiposo y en otro grupo se extirpó completamente. Realizamos un estudio histológico y de biología molecular analizando la expresión —en la membrana sinovial, el hueso subcondral, el cartílago, la grasa, el menisco y el líquido sinovial— de RUNX2, PTHrP, catepsina-K y MCP1. Resultados: No encontramos diferencias morfológicas. Se detectó aumento de la expresión de RUNX2 en la membrana sinovial, PTHrP y catepsina-K en el líquido sinovial en el grupo sin grasa y aumento de la expresión RUNX2 en el menisco y MCP1 en el líquido sinovial en el grupo con grasa. Conclusión: La grasa infrapatelar participa en el proceso inflamatorio que acompaña en la artrosis, pues la resección de la grasa de Hoffa altera los marcadores proinflamatorios, mientras que el modelo con la grasa intacta incrementa el marcador proinflamatorio MCP1 en el líquido sinovial.

Refixation of the damaged acetabular labrum is a method of surgical treatment of the hip joint that can promote the repair of joint function after injury and prevent premature osteoarthritis. We sought to determine the condition of the hip joint in rabbits 4 months after excision of the acetabular labrum and the condition of the joint after labral refixation. The articular cartilage of the femoral head and acetabulum was examined by histological methods, multipoint measurement of cartilage thickness, and the ratio between cartilage matrix and chondrocytes lacunae, and the condition of cartilage according to the OARSI grading scale was carried out. On this model, a correlation analysis was performed between the results of the OARSI grading scale and the data of linear morphometry. All these parameters made it possible to better assess changes in articular cartilage. The ratio between matrix and chondrocyte lacunae turned out to be a method that allows establishing early cartilage damage when erosion, fibrosis or deformation did not occur. We found significant differences between the condition of the cartilage after exicion of acetabular labrum and after labral refixation, which give hope to confirm that this surgical technique can delay or prevent progressive changes in the cartilage of the damaged hip joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the omega stitch technique as an easy-to-reproduce alternative to prevent cartilage vault morbidity, through an open or closed approach, when intervening in primary rhinoplasty patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive observational retrospective study done from January 1st 2018 to April 31st 2022, in which patients with photographic and clinical follow-up of at least 6 months after their surgery were included, observing if there was the presence of the inverted V sign in the photographs or collapse of the internal nasal valve with nasal obstruction through interrogation and anterior rhinoscopy. RESULTS: There were included 29 patients. Adequate definition of the dorsal aesthetic lines was observed; none of the patients presented the inverted V sign or nasal obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The omega stitch is a useful alternative for the prevention of internal valve collapse and inverted V nasal deformity after performing gibectomy in primary rhinoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muchos trastornos sistémicos como la artritis o la osteoporosis son patologías responsables de las alteraciones crónicas de la articulación temporomandibular, creando así un problema a largo plazo que afectan la calidad de vida de aquellas personas que las padecen. Actualmente no existe tratamiento curativo para dichas patologías, aunque sí de tipo paliativo, que en muchas ocasiones tienen efectos secundarios en el tiempo o una limitación en su efectividad y eficacia, por lo que se hace necesario buscar alternativas con la implementación de terapias regenerativas para el tratamiento de aquellas enfermedades que afectan el sistema musculoesquelético. En muchos estudios se discute sobre el papel fundamental que cumple el zinc y el estroncio en la génesis de tejido tanto cartilaginoso como óseo, así como la relevancia de incorporarlos con diversos biomateriales en procedimientos de regeneración, sin embargo, este tema no es claro aún y requieren más atención por parte del clínico. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la función cumplen el zinc y el estroncio en los procesos de regeneración del hueso y el cartílago desde una visión molecular y celular aplicada a la práctica clínica, con el fin de obtener nuevas alternativas en el tratamiento de diversas patologías y alteraciones musculoesqueléticas que mejoren las condiciones de salud oral de los pacientes, además de, contar con la revisión que nos aproxime a comprender los mecanismos de acción de diferentes moléculas que incorporadas a los biomateriales compatibles con el tejido duro y blando mejoren las condiciones biológicas para la regeneración.

The knowledge of being able to determine skeletal maturation and missing growth potential is an essential element when planning orthodontic treatment. The study of craniofacial growth and development is a complex and essential process for the diagnosis and resolution of malocclusions. Craniofacial growth and development occurs by the process of growth and ossification of the hyaline cartilage, thus promoting the theory of the servosystem, which is a system with feedback, of constant renewal, which generates a new response. From this point of view, Petrovic considers involving orthopedic appliances, where he explained that the mandibular condyle can respond to mechanical stimuli causing stress at the level of anatomical structures due to orthodontic forces through the interaction of blood circulation and cells white cells that as a result form bone remodeling, which could be inhibitory or synergistic. The objective of this review is to summarize recent concepts on craniofacial growth, focused on the theory of Alexandre Petrovic and his collaborators, with the development of general scientific knowledge and inspire the creation of a new, more integrated multidisciplinary approach based on the person, through bases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, and Google Scholar data, which were evaluated, and synthesized, to be part of the next literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis is a complex degenerative disease with several factors contributing to joint damage. Objective: To compare the potential effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA), alone or combined, on the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods: MSCs were divided into four groups: Control, HA, TA, and HA/TA combined. Each treatment group was cultured for 14 days in chondrogenic differentiation medium. The chondrogenic differentiation potential was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: The HA and HA/TA-treated MSCs presented histological characteristics similar to native chondrocytes. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of TA-treated MSCs was compact and organized. Glycosaminoglycan staining was intense in Control, moderate in TA, slight in HA/TA, and undetectable in HA. Type II collagen immunoreactivity was high in the TA-treated ECM and MSCs. Conclusions: Histological analysis shows that HA influences morphological development similar to chondrocytes of the MSCs, but with low expression of specific cartilage molecules. The TA promotes formation of a compact and organized ECM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of platelet rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant for tympanoplasty for perforations of the tympanic membrane with butterfly cartilage graft vs tympanoplasty with cartilage graft only. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled, clinical trial, including patients with tympanic membrane perforation, divided into two groups. Group 1 underwent endomeatal tympanoplasty with butterfly cartilage graft without PRP and group 2 underwent same tympanoplasty technique and PRP was added. The size of the tympanic perforation was assessed preoperatively, and the follow up included persistence for 8 weeks postoperatively in both groups. RESULTS: The index of healing of the tympanic membrane was higher with the tympanoplasty that used the PRP compared to the control group, with statistical significance (p = 0.026) at the end of the follow-up (8 weeks). The patients in the experimental group had an evolution period (chronicity) of 18-24 months since their diagnosis, with significant statistical difference (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: The healing of the tympanic membrane is superior with the use of PRP as adjuvant in endomeatal tympanoplasty with butterfly cartilage graft despite the time of chronicity; during the follow-up, no patient in the study presented with adverse effects derived from the procedure or to the application of PRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several surgical options described for osteochondral defects of the knee. The aim of our study was to analyze a series of patients treated with mosaicplasty with an average of 8 years follow-up. Sixty-two patients with osteochondral defects of the knee who underwent mosaicplasties between 2001 and 2014 were included in the study with minimum follow-up of 2 years. Patients were evaluated using the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC) and Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic scale. Forty-five were men and seventeen women with an average age of 36 years old. Mosaicplasties were 45 in the medial condyle, 12 lateral condyle, 12 trochlea and 3 combined. Forty-two patients had isolated mosaicplasties and 20 patients presented associated surgical procedures (osteotomy, ACL reconstruction, meniscectomy). The mean results of the Lysholm score were 80.1 and IKDC was 66.7. There were no significant differences among the Lysholm and IKDC scores between these two groups. In 30 patients evaluated with radiography a satisfactory inclusion of the bony block was observed. We believe that mosaicplasty is a procedure with a high degree of satisfaction with good functional results in patients with focal lesions of articular cartilage that may or may not be associated to other surgical procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To compare different methods of conservation of septal cartilage. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective, longitudinal, analytical, observational study was done from March 1st 1987 to March 1st 1988, in which septal cartilage was taken from healthy patients undergoing elective septumplastia and stored in four different media: 0.9% saline, Hartmann solution, 1:1000 white merthiolate and 70% ethyl alcohol in standard refrigeration of 5°C. Histological studies with light microscopy of the samples and bacteriological studies of the storage media were carried out at 30, 60, 90, 180 and 365 days. RESULTS: Cartilage presented in saline and Hartmann solution remained well preserved up to 365 days, while those preserved in white merthiolate and alcohol showed varying degrees of nuclear and cytoplasmic alterations from 30 days. Bacteriological samplings were negative in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Septal cartilages are conserved in good state in Hartmann or saline solution at 0.9% in standard refrigeration of 5°C up to 365 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatologia (English Edition) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Patellar cartilage is subject to high mechanical requests and is a very frequent location of injuries. There is no consensus on their treatment. Autologous osteochondral transplantation may be an alternative to small to medium-sized condral defects with varying results in the literature. Our goal is to analyze the medium-term functional outcomes of patients with grade III-IV patellar cartilage injuries from the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) treated at our facility. Material and methods: Retrospective study in patients under 55 years of age, with a symptomatic patellar condral defect, diameter less than 2 cm, grade III-IV of ICRS treated by autologous osteochondral transplant between 2012 and 2018. The following variables are evaluated: age, sex, injury size, affected facet, number of transplanted cylinders, preand postoperative Kujala score, and pre- and postoperative analog visual pain scale (EVA). Results: Eleven patients integrated into our study. The median age was 47 years. The median diameter of the condral defect 1.3 cm. Median follow-up 3.9 years (1.84-5.58 years). The median of the preoperative Kujala questionnaire is 33 and is 89 at the end of the follow-up (p = 0.003). The median of the preoperative EVA score is 9 and 2 at the end of the follow-up (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Autologous osteochondral transplantation generated a significant subjective improvement in function and pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The articular cartilage is prone to suffer lesions of different etiology, being the articular cartilage lesions of the knee the most common. Although most conventional treatments reduce symptoms they lead to the production of fibrocartilage, which has different characteristics than the hyaline cartilage of the joint. There are few therapeutic approaches that promote the replacement of damaged tissue by functional hyaline cartilage. Among them are the so-called advanced therapies, which use cells and tissue engineering products to promote cartilage regeneration. Most of them are based on scaffolds made of different biomaterials, which seeded or not with endogenous or exogenous cells, can be used as cartilage artificial replacement to improve joint function. This paper reviews some therapeutic approaches focused on the regeneration of articular cartilage of the knee and the biomaterials used to develop scaffolds for cell therapy and tissue engineering of cartilage.

Introduction: The fat of the synovial joints can be used to maintain the joint structure. Our objective is to analyze the evolution of joint degeneration in knees with and without adipose pack., Material and Methodology: In six sheep, the anterior cruciate ligament was sectioned in both knees, to cause osteoarthritis. In one group the fat pack was preserved and in another group it was completely removed. We performed a histological and molecular biology study analyzing the expression, in the synovial membrane, subchondral bone, cartilage, fat, meniscus, and synovial fluid, of RUNX2, PTHrP, cathepsin-K, and MCP1., Results: We did not find morphological differences. We found increased expression of RUNX2 in synovial membrane, PTHrP and Cathepsin K in synovial fluid in the group without fat, and increased expression of RUNX2 in the meniscus and MCP1 in synovial fluid in the group with fat., Conclusion: Infrapatellar fat participates in the inflammatory process that accompanies osteoarthritis, since Hoffa fat pad resection alters pro-inflammatory markers, while the model with intact fat increases the pro-inflammatory marker MCP1 in synovial fluid., (Copyright © 2023 SECOT. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The fat of the synovial joints can be used to maintain the joint structure. Our objective is to analyse the evolution of joint degeneration in knees with and without adipose pack., Material and Methodology: In six sheep, the anterior cruciate ligament was sectioned in both knees, to cause osteoarthritis. In one group the fat pack was preserved and in another group it was completely removed. We performed a histological and molecular biology study analyzing the expression, in the synovial membrane, subchondral bone, cartilage, fat, meniscus, and synovial fluid, of RUNX2, PTHrP, cathepsin-K, and MCP1., Results: We did not find morphological differences. We found increased expression of RUNX2 in synovial membrane, PTHrP and Cathepsin K in synovial fluid in the group without fat, and increased expression of RUNX2 in the meniscus and MCP1 in synovial fluid in the group with fat., Conclusion: Infrapatellar fat participates in the inflammatory process that accompanies osteoarthritis, since Hoffa fat pad resection alters pro-inflammatory markers, while the model with intact fat increases the pro-inflammatory marker MCP1 in synovial fluid., (Copyright © 2023 SECOT. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Cartilaginous tumours are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterised by the presence of a chondroid matrix, with lobular growth and arcuate, ring-like or popcorn-like calcification patterns. MRI shows hyperintensity in T2-weighted sequences and a lobulated or septal relief in postcontrast images. In the WHO 2020 classification, chondral tumours are classified as benign, intermediate or malignant. Despite technological advances, they continue to pose a challenge for both the radiologist and the pathologist, being the main difficulty the differentiation between benign and malignant tumours, which is why they require a multidisciplinary approach. This paper describes the main changes introduced in the 2020 update, describes the imaging characteristics of the main cartilaginous tumours and provides the radiological keys to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours., (Copyright © 2023 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of perichondritis caused by piercing in the cartilage of the auricular pavilion and the proper antibiotic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective, descriptive, observational and crosssectional study of the cases of perichondritis diagnosed in otolaryngology outpatient clinic from November 2015 to December 2017 was carried out. RESULTS: We analyzed 11 cases of perichondritis caused by transcartilaginous piercing in the auricular pavilion. The most frequent etiologies were bacterial type due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). CONCLUSIONS: Perichondritis is reported more frequently in young women, who assist again to the place were piercing was done searching for a solution, where they receive inadequate information, prolonging and complication even more the infection. It is necessary to know the adequate treatment to avoid complications of greater severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The malformations of the thorax wall, comprise a wide range of pathologies that present, as an etiological factor, some alteration in the development and / or the morphology of the thoracic cage. The pectus excavatum, which consists of variable degree depression of the sternum and the last costal cartilages towards the posterior part of the thoracic cavity. The aim of the research is to present the anatomical alterations in the anomalous insertions of the eighth (8th) and ninth (9th) lower costal cartilages as an etiological factor of the congenital thoracic deformity of the pectus excavatum variety of the patients who come to the surgery of Thorax at the Hospital de Especialidades pediatrics Foundation in Maracaibo, Venezuela. This investigation is prospective descriptive, analytical, observational, where the population universe was constituted by 150 patients who were operated on surgically since 80% of the cases had a Haller index higher than 3.5 which is considered severe and requires surgery. corrective repair In the transoperative period using the Welch open technique, we found that 100% of the patients who presented this malformation of the chest wall variety pectus excavatum, the anomalous insertion of the eighth (8th) and ninth lower costal cartilages (9th) in the final section of the sternum which displaces inward and downward with a concavity with depression of the anterior thoracic wall of variable depth. Conclusion. Anatomy plays an important role in any surgical act, however, while anatomical variants such as the anomalous chondrosternal insertion or articulation of the eighth and ninth lower costal cartilages will be ignored, there will still be controversy about which surgical technique is better. Then knowing these small details in the variation of the anatomy of the anterior chest wall in our cases has allowed us to simplify the technique and achieve better aesthetic results and a no relapse in cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El comportamiento de una cavidad sinovial articular es de gran interés en las áreas médicas y bioingeniería. Estas cavidades soportan grandes cargas y esfuerzos, principalmente aquella que se encuentra en la rodilla. En trabajos previos, la articulación sinovial se ha modelado como un bio-rodamiento, simplificando así su geometría para estudiar su comportamiento. Tomando en cuenta dicha simplificación, se propone un modelo de cavidad sinovial que incluye dos regiones de medio poroso para representar cada cartílago articular y encerrar una región fluida (líquido sinovial). Para modelar una compresión, se ha incluido una deformación desplazando la pared superior del sistema induciendo un flujo a través de las diferentes regiones. Los resultados que aquí se presentan incluyen los flujos másicos generados en cada interface y las presiones máximas alcanzadas en cada región. Los resultados reproducen el comportamiento del flujo de fluidos que se presentan durante la compresión de una cavidad sinovial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a joint disease characterized by degeneration, loss of cartilage and subchondral bone alteration associated with changes in the soft tissues. In a sample of 2,500 individuals, the prevalence of osteoarthritis was found in 2.3% (IC 95% 1.7 a 2.9) in adults; it represents the second cause of consultation in our hospital. Material and methods: Two groups of patients were studied: the first included 70 patients who received hylan G-F 20 in three infiltrations; the other group, of 40 patients, received collagen-PVP in four applications. A subjective questionnaire based on the WOMAC evaluation was applied, with which we could assess pain, stiffness and functional capacity before and after the application. Results: Both hylan G-F 20 and collagen-PVP improved the quality of life of our patients by reducing symptoms such as pain, stiffness and functional limitation, collagen being more efficient for reducing pain and hylan G-F 20 for reducing stiffness and functional limitation. Conclusions: Both treatments were safe and effective; they can be used in our institute as a conservative treatment to decrease hospitalizations for pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the island cartilage tympanoplasty for the treatment of high risk tympanic membrane perforations compared to the use of temporalis fascia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A randomized controlled clinical trial, done from January to December 2015. An initial assessment with microscope was conducted, the MERI index was determined and an initial audiometry was obtained. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group I of island cartilage tympanoplasty and Group II of temporalis fascia tympanoplasty. Patients were explored under microscope at 7, 30 and 60 days postoperatively assessing the tympanic graft integrity and a control audiometry was obtained. RESULTS: 69 patients were included, 33 in group I of island cartilage and 36 in group II of temporalis fascia. We found a success rate for group I of 94% at the 30 and 60 days assessment, and a rate of success of 83% at the 30 and 60 days assessment, without statistical significance (p=0.17). No statistical significant difference was found in hearing improvement results between both groups (33.1 vs 33.6 dB, p=0.88, for patients in island cartilage group and temporalis fascia group, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Island cartilage tympanoplasty shows excellent morphological and audiological outcomes in treatment of high risk perforations, but when compared to temporalis fascia has not shown statistical significant difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The tympanoplasty for high-risk tympanic membrane perforation is a challenge. It is necessary to compare the most useful and feasible surgical technics in our environment for these patients. The objective was to compare the cartilage island tympanoplasty for the treatment of high-risk tympanic membrane perforations versus the use of temporalis fascia. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial in 69 patients of ten years or older, diagnosed with high-risk tympanic membrane perforation in a third level hospital. The MERI index was determined and an initial audiometry was obtained. 7, 30 and 60 days after the tympanoplasty the tympanic graft integrity was evaluated. The audiometry was only repeated at 60 days. Results: 69 patients were included, 33 received cartilage island (group 1) and 36 temporalis fascia (group 2). 93.9% was the success rate for group 1 at 30 and 60 days and 83.3% for group 2 (p = 0.17). Hearing improvement was neither different between groups (33.1 vs. 33.6 dB; p = 0.88), for group 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion: No difference in morphological and audiological outcomes using cartilage island tympanoplasty or temporalis fascia for the treatment of high-risk tympanic membrane perforation was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: didactic models are a very useful tool for pedagogy in Agrarian Science careers (i.e. Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science). Objective: the aim of this work was to create a didactic model of the chicken embryo development using modified Dawson's diaphanization and staining technique, which allows the centers of ossification to be viewed. Methods: chick embryos from day 5 to day 21 were diaphanized with KOH, stained with Alizarin Red, and stored in glycerol. Results: growth of primary ossification centers during embryonic development was easily visualized. Conclusion: to our knowledge, this is the first literature report showing an anatomical model of all embryonic stages of chicken development. Impact of this model in pedagogy must be evaluated in future works.Antecedentes: los modelos didácticos son una muy buena herramienta para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los cursos de Ciencias Agrarias (Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, entre otros). Objetivo: hacer un modelo didáctico del desarrollo embrionario del pollo usando la técnica modificada de Dawson para transparentación y tinción, que permite visualizar los centros de osificación. Métodos: embriones de pollo del día 5 al 21 fueron transparentados con KOH, teñidos con Rojo de Alizarina y almacenados en glicerina. Resultados: se pudo visualizar el crecimiento de los centros primarios de osificación durante el desarrollo embrionario. Conclusión: este es el primer reporte en literatura que muestra un modelo anatómico de todas las etapas del desarrollo embrionario del pollo. En futuras investigaciones se debe evaluar el impacto que tiene este modelo en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje.Antecedentes: os modelos didáticos são uma boa ferramenta para o processo ensino-aprendizado nos cursos de Ciências Agrárias (Medicina Veterinária, Zootecnia, entre outros). Objetivo: fazer um modelo didático do desenvolvimento do frango usando a técnica modificada de Dawson para diafanização e coloração, que permite visualizar os centros de ossificação. Métodos: Embriões de frango do dia 5 ao 21 foram transparentados com KOH, corados com Vermelho de Alizarina e armazenados em glicerina. Resultados: foi possível visualizar o crescimento dos centros primários de ossificação durante o desenvolvimento embrionário. Conclusão: este é o primeiro reporte na literatura de um modelo anatômico do desenvolvimento embrionário do frango. Futuras pesquisas devem ser focadas no impacto que tem este modelo no processo ensino-aprendizado.

Los injertos de cartílago son ampliamente utilizados en Cirugía Plástica; sin embargo, existe un riesgo potencial de reabsorción que puede comprometer los logros obtenidos. Algunos autores presentan resultados exitosos utilizando injertos de cartílago envueltos en fascia. El propósito del trabajo es aportar evidencia científica en relación a las posibles ventajas de los mismos. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, experimental y comparativo de 20 ratas blancas Sprague-Dawley, desde mayo a octubre del 2007. Las unidades de muestra fueron los cortes histológicos obtenidos del cartílagos tras ser implantados durante 8 semanas. Trabajamos con 2 grupos: grupo estudio, de 10 ratas con cartílago autológo envuelto en fascia y grupo control, de 10 ratas con cartílago sólo. Se realizó examen histológico e inmunohistoquímico determinando viabilidad, reacción inflamatoria, necrosis, reabsorción y capacidad de regeneración. Los injertos de cartílago autólogo envueltos en fascia resultaron menos fiables que los injertos de cartílago solos, mostrando una mayor reabsorción (80% frente a 60%), menor capacidad de regeneración (50% frente a 80%), mayor respuesta inflamatoria (80% frente a 30%), menor viabilidad (16% frente a 38%) y con necrosis (30%). El análisis estadístico no mostró diferencia significativa. En conclusión, la envoltura en fascia del injerto de cartílago autólogo no aumentó su viabilidad, ni disminuyó su reabsorción, en animales de experimentación.Cartilage grafts are widely used in Plastic Surgery; however, there is a potential risk of reasorption that may affect the results obtained. Some authors report successful achievements using cartilage grafts wrapped in fascia. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific evidence regarding the potential benefits of cartilage grafts wrapped with fascia. A descriptive, prospective, experimental and comparative study of some 20 white Sprague-Dawley rats was performed from may to october 2007. The sample units were obtained from histological sections of cartilage after implantation for 8 weeks. They were divided into 2 groups: study, 10 rats with autologous cartilage wrapped with fascia, and control, 10 rats with cartilage only. We performed histological and inmunohistochemical examination determining viability, inflammation, necrosis, reasorption and regeneration capacity. The autologous cartilage grafts wrapped with fascia were less reliable than grafts alone showing greater cartilage resorption (80% vs. 60%), lower regeneration capacity (50% vs. 80%), increased inflammatory response (80% vs. 30%), decreased viability (16% vs. 38%), and necrosis (30%). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference. As a conclusion, the wrapping of autologous cartilage graft with fascia does not increase their viability or decrease their resorption in experimental animals.

Con los métodos disponibles en el momento para la reconstrucción de tejidos, la reparación de defectos del tejido cartilaginoso no ha sido alcanzada completamente. Por esta razón, se ha recurrido a la ingeniería de tejidos, que busca el desarrollo de estrategias para obtener sustitutos funcionales de tejido cartilaginoso, con el fin de ofrecer soluciones terapéuticas a pacientes con pérdida o falla de este tipo de tejido. En el presente estudio se hace una breve revisión de la anatomía, histología, fisiología y patología del tejido cartilaginoso y de las terapias usuales para su reparación, además de dar a conocer el papel cumplido por la ingeniería de tejidos y los biomateriales en el desarrollo de soluciones terapéuticas en este campo.The currently available methods for tissue repair have not been able to restore completely functional cartilage tissue. For this reason, tissue engineering has developed strategies for fabricating cartilage substitutes in order to offer therapeutic solutions to patients that could suffer from any kind of cartilage disease. The purpose of this article was to review the anatomy, histology, physiology, pathology of cartilage, and the therapies commonly used for repairing this tissue. This article also shows the role established by tissue engineering and biomaterials in this field.

Antecedentes. La timpanoplastia es un procedimiento muy utilizado en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las perforaciones timpánicas que presenta variaciones en sus técnicas e injertos, por lo cual es importante evaluar los resultados de eficacia de la técnica quirúrgica empleada. Objetivo. Conocer las características clínicas y la eficacia terapéutica en los pacientes sometidos a timpanoplastia tipo I con injerto de cartílago y pericondrio por vía transcanal y técnica medial-lateral. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de casos, con aplicación de un formulario para recolección de datos de la historia clínica y analizados con Epi-Info 6.04. Resultados. Se incluyeron 67 pacientes de los cuales, en 50 pacientes hubo integración total del injerto (74.6%) y en 17 (25,4%) no hubo integración. En 41 pacientes (61.2%) hubo mejoría subjetiva de la audición y en 26 (38.8%) no la hubo. Conclusión. La timpanoplastia tipo I en nuestro medio, con injerto de cartílago y pericondrio muestra un buen porcentaje de eficacia en el cierre de las perforaciones timpánicas junto con una mejoría subjetiva de la audición.

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el Hospital Universitario "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de Pinar del Río en el periodo de enero/1999 a enero/2003 en 120 pacientes atendidos en el servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología que presentaron lesiones del cartílago articular de las rodillas en zonas de carga de peso, tratados por cirugía artroscópica; con el objetivo de evaluar los factores que influyeron en la evolución de estos pacientes. De la muestra solo el 13.3 % fueron excelentes, el 35 % se evaluaron de bien, mientras el 38.3 % fueron regular y el 13.3 % con malos resultados. El peso corporal, las deformidades angulares de las rodillas, otras lesiones mecánicas asociadas, el estado de la masa muscular y la extensión y profundidad de las lesiones cartilaginosas influyeron notablemente en la evolución de estos pacientes según nuestros resultados así como la edad y el sexo.A retrospective study is performed at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Hospital in Pinar del Río from January 1999 to January 2003 in 120 patients assisted in the Service of Orthopedics and Traumatology who presented with lesions in the articular cartilage of the knee in weight load areas, managed with asthroscopic surgery, in order to evaluate the factor which influenced the progress of these patients. Out of the sample, only 13.3 % was excellent, 35 % was good, whereas 38.3 % was not good and 13.3 % was poor. Body weight, knee angular deformities, other related mechanic lesions significantly influenced the progress of these patients, according to our results as well as age and sex.

El polvo desecado del cartílago de tiburón constituye un producto natural, al que se le atribuyen diferentes acciones biológicas y ha sido muy utilizado. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión bibliográfica. El cartílago de tiburón evidentemente posee particulares características estructurales que le diferencian del cartílago de los vertebrados superiores y el hombre. Han sido sometidas a estudio y comprobadas las acciones analgésica e inhibidora de la angiogénesis. En los últimos 3 años ha sido demostrado que los glucosaminoglucanos del cartílago de tiburón muestran una actividad moduladora del crecimiento y desarrollo de neuronas en cultivo de tejidos. Otras acciones biológicas investigadas fueron: acción antiinflamatoria, antimutagénica, activadora de la respuesta inmunológica y antilipemiante. Se reconoce a Cuba entre los primeros en su uso en la terapia complementaria del cáncer avanzado refractario. No obstante, resulta necesario que su empleo con finalidades terapéuticas se fundamente con ensayos clínicos, que no han resultado concluyentes hasta el momentoThe shark cartilage powder is a widely used natural product to which a number of biological actions have been attributed. This paper set forth a literature review. Obviously, the shark cartilage has particular structural features that make it different from other Vertebrata´s cartilages and the man´s cartilage. Analgesic and inhibitory actions of angiogenesis have been studied and tested. Over the last 3 years, it has been demonstrated that shark cartilage glycoaminoglucans show modulating action on the growth and development of neurons in tissue culture. Other researched biological actions are: anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, immune response-activating and anti-lipemia actions. It is acknowledged that Cuba was one of the first countries to use shark cartilage in the supplementary therapy for advanced refractory cancer. However, it is required that its use for therapeutic purposes be based on clinical assays because such assays have not been conclusive so far

Amelogenin is one of the enamel matrix proteins secreted by ameloblasts during enamel formation in tooth development. Recent studies showed that the amelogenin is expressed in chondrocyte. Lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) have been identified as binding partner proteins to amelogenin and it has been suggested they act as signaling receptors of amelogenin. The purpose of this study is to clarify the localization of amelogenin and LAMPs in growth plate cartilage and cartilaginous nodules in micromass culture. Mouse knee joints including tibia growth plate at 4 weeks old and micromass cultures of limb bud mesenchymal cells after 2 weeks were fixed in paraformaldehyde, routinely processed, sections were cut and immunostained with amelogenin, collagen type II and type X, LAMP-1 and -3. The positive immunoreaction of amelogenin was observed both in proliferation and hypertrophic zone cartilage of growth plate after enzymatic pretreatment in immunostaining. Furthermore, cartilaginous nodules in micromass culture were immunopositive to amelogenin. The chondrocytes in the proliferation zone of the growth plate were immunopositive to LAMP-1 but weakly stained in the chondrocytes of hypertrophic zone. These observations indicate that amelogenin may be present in cartilage matrix produced in vivo and in vitro and amelogenin may involve cartilage formation through the LAMP-1 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]