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The goats have specific characteristics, as a result of their great adaptability to the environment and food. Considering the association between GH gene polymorphism and the growth traits, the present study aimed to highlight the presence of polymorphisms on exons 2 and 3 of the GH1 gene in Crapatina breed and also the genotype and allele frequencies. Using PCR-RFLP technique were found 3 genotypes in this population: AA (uncut 422 bp fragment), BB (366 bp and 56 bp fragments) and AB (422, 366, and 56 bp fragments). The AA genotype frequency was 7%, 48% for the genotype AB and 45% for genotype BB. Also, in this population gene A appeared with a frequency of 31% and gene B with a frequency of 69%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last years the understanding of the genetic influence on mammary gland development and function received an increased attention, because the improvement of milk production does not have to compromise animal's health. The variations in milk production cannot be attributed just to one gene, because mammary gland secretor activity is controlled by a cascade of hormones, transcription factors, enzymes, which over the years were affected by mutations which are probably the cause of these variations. On of the key players in proliferation and secretor activity of mammary epithelial cells is growth honnone (Gil) and therefore is a valuable candidate gene marker for improving milk production in cattle and other species. The present work had as a goal to study of Gil gene Alu 1 polymorphism from exon 5. This polymorphism was studied Romanian Black and White breed (RBW), Holstein type, a high milk production cattle breed and a primitive breed with very low milk production, as is Romanian Grey Steppe breed (RGS). L allele, associated in many studies with higher milk production, had the frequency 1 in RBW-high milk production individuals group. in RBW-low milk production individuals and ROS the following frequencies were found: L-0,700; V=300 and L=0,812; V=188, respectively. The polymorphism of Gil in the two Ronianian cattle breeds is a part of a more complex study, which is trying to better explain the genetic basis of milk production variability in cattle and goats, by studying the polymorphism of several key genes involved in mammary gland function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sheep, the polymorphism of major milk proteins is reduced as compared with other ruminant species, like cattle and goats. As in other ruminant species, in sheep these polymorphisms were studied relative to milk quantity, quality and it's manufacturing properties or for authenticity identification of dairy products In Romania, data concerning the characterization of the sheep breeds in the six loci codifying for major milk proteins genes are almost absent. The importance of sheep milk in Romanian cheese industry makes the knowledge of major milk proteins polymorphism in this specie particularly important. Therefore, a number of 282 individuals belonging to five Romanian breeds: Turcana, Carabasa, Tigaie (white and rusty varieties), Cluj Merinos, Botosani Karakul (black, dark grey, brown, light grey, pink and white varieties), were genotyped by IEF in the six lock coding for major milk proteins. In the sheep breeds studied, the milk protein polymorphism was much reduced, the most polymorphic being β-LG locus, in which two allele were identified, namely A and B. The A allele had a higher frequency as compared with B allele in Turcana, Carabasa, Cluj Merinos and Karakul breed, respectively. The B allele had a higher frequency in Tigaie breed, white and rusty varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattle milk received, since the first described polymorphism in 1955, an important attention due to the implication of major milk proteins genetic variants in milk quality, in some human diseases caused by milk consumption or due to the possibility of using the genetic variants as genetic markers for adulteration identification of dairy products. In our previous work, we established the genetic structure in the six major milk proteins loci, in four populations belonging to Romanian Simmental breed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the milk protein polymorphism in the rest of Romanian cattle breeds (including local breeds), in order to have a complete picture about the alleles frequencies in the six major milk protein loci in these breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In goat αS1-casein locus, 18 alleles with four different expression levels have been identified so far having a significant influence on milk protein, casein, fat contents, manufacturing properties and cheese yield. In Romania, unimproved Carpathian goat breed exhibits a high heterogeneity concerning milk quality. The goal of the present study was to investigate αS1-casein polymorphisms in some populations from the central part of Romania, in order to further establish the nature of milk protein content variation. Genotyping was carried out on 507 milk samples (belonging to 5 populations from Transylvania). Allele frequencies on the six loci coding for the major milk proteins were calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "The Genetic Polymorphisms in Leptin Gene Locus (Obesity Gene) in Romanian Farm Species and Their Evaluation as Genetic Markers in Breeding and Traceability," by Teodora C. Carsai and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Key Genes Involved in Development and Lactation Capacity of Mammary Gland in Cattle and Goats," by Teodora C. Carsai and Valentine A. Balteanu is presented.