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Artificial intelligence (AI) systems in healthcare can have a significant impact on the performance of the actors involved, encouraging, for example, increasingly early diagnoses, personalized treatments and more accurate data management and processing techniques. However, these results may depend on increasingly profitable human-machine interactions, Intelligence Augmentation, and potential in terms of capability co-elevation. Starting from this assumption, this study aims to understand which can be the Intelligence Augmentation and capability co- elevation driver in healthcare. This conceptual paper has been carried out with the conceptual goal of delineating, so, to address the research question, a deductive reasoning approach was applied and the methodological approach followed has been based on the description of the theoretical background, definition of evidence from an illustrative case, Livongo Health, addressed by analyzing secondary data extrapolated from the website contents, and development conclusions. From the illustration case, insights have been outlined to understand how to achieve the objectives of Intelligence Augmentation and capability co-elevation: it has been observed how the reasoned transparency in AI systems can be understood as an enabling factor.

The digitalization of commercial transactions has a great influence on the global market. E-commerce became very important in the dynamics of producer-consumer and supply-chain interactions, leading to the transformation of consuming processes. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the rules of consumption, especially encouraging online purchasing methods. Small suppliers have felt the impact of global ecommerce. They have consistently faced challenges from industry giants. The dominant presence of these large companies puts the survival of smaller suppliers in the market at risk, prompting them to adapt through digitization to remain competitive. The influence of this market’s digitization, combined with the global competition of big e-commerce companies, has unfortunately led to the permanent shutdown of many local enterprises. To avoid this problem, we propose the case of a web design solution CiShoppo, owned by ITSvil s.r.l.. The aim is to promote local commerce and mitigate the impact of these market dynamics on small suppliers, preserving the concepts of ‘local production’ and ‘km 0’, ultimately contributing to the valorisation and support of local production.

European cities are getting smarter. Smart technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE), and other AI-based technologies, are being injected more directly into the lives of citizens. Smart cities are seen as evolving ecosystems in which multiple actors act, react and interact over time to foster innovative solutions and provide better services for citizens. Despite the growing interest, existing research has to make key advances, important gaps persist as scholars lag behind theoretical development and rarely take into account the most important element of a city: people. Business and management scholars have focused on how to define strategies in smart cities, local policy, and others investigated the challenges of building a smart city. Few concerns deal with humans. In addressing these shortcomings, we tried to highlight why any smart city should be a community that learns, adapts, co-creates, and innovates. The purpose of this study is to investigate the human perspective that goes beyond the focus on technology related to smart cities in Europe, through an analysis in depth on how and how much citizens make cities smart. The focus is on people and their well-being combined with the shared knowledge and development that arises from each player in the ecosystem. To get an overall vision of the people-centric smart city we carry out an exploratory literature review with a PRISMA protocol that guides the identification of the studies to be included in the review. We finally provide implications for scholars and practitioners and suggest future research opportunities.

The key issue of smart city development usually lies in the understanding of the complexity of the services’ structure. Thus, smart city models are developed to improve current outlooks on Smart City Services’ structure by using service-dominant logic and service science. However, the contextual changes are usually not fully considered in the existing smart city models. It is in turn difficult to catch the changes among the layers in the smart city model. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a complex and innovative structure of smart city services. The main contribution of the proposed approach is to consolidate the interconnection of services that is affected by the changing context. It will also lead to a better understanding of the complexity in a smart city. The presented conceptual model has a direct influence on the practical development of a smart city. Since every country and city approaches the services’ structure differently, the smart city model is derived with the lack of a common understanding of various smart cities. In the case of accepting our model as a common solution, the sharing of knowledge and information among cities and countries would be easier and more valuable. The paper also shows how the current knowledge in service-dominant logic and service science helps to develop a new practical approach to understanding the smart city structure.

The quality of public services provided to citizens through information and communication technologies has emerged as one of the key points of public administration reform. In Italy, many legislative measures have triggered a virtuous circle of eGovernment that has achieved limited results in adopting new technologies by citizens and businesses [1]. This paper sets out to explore whether the design of an IT platform operating in a smart city context may increase the quality of services provided to citizens. Based on a case study methodology, the research examines the process of revitalization and smartification of a city, seen from the stakeholders’ perspective such as Government, Citizens and Tourists [2]. The paper is original in its examination of the Tely platform enabled by data obtained from the technology developer. It turned out that the platform has the potential to increase the quality of services provided to citizens and promote social integration in an area with a significant migratory population. However, the limitations of a single case study in a specific research context, such as a small town, are acknowledged and further research is needed to fully understand the implications of smart city initiatives and their effective implementation in different contexts.

The pandemic has uncovered hidden, latent or unknown misalignments in healthcare worldwide. Difficulties, friction, disturbances, misunderstandings, underestimations, carelessness and other issues have ensued quickly, upsetting the ecosystem value creation mechanisms and influencing all actor’s behavior within every country’s Healthcare Service Ecosystems (H-SES). The expected health system impacts are those demarcated by the quadruple aims that include all the actors in the health ecosystem. Such aims address improving patient and caregiver experience; improving the health of populations; reducing per capita cost; and improving the work life of providers. This warranted a search for deeper understanding of the on-going dynamics and relative insights to foster actor engagement, provide a good global service in Healthcare, and fully reach the well-known quadruple aim. By referring to the cyclical model of the actor for actor model (A4A), we consider and review their shared intentionality and finality alignment, to investigate how resource integration work here and what happen in case of contingences (as in the case of a pandemic). It is a theoretical work, but entails many practical issues in Healthcare in terms of patient empowerment, improving population health, lowering cost of care, and maintaining the wellbeing of the care team.

Artificial Intelligence-based Decision Support Systems (AI-based DSS) are becoming increasingly important in many contexts. This work aims to define a type of human-machine interactions for new value co-creation processes' ranks, to help identify factors that can stimulate value co-creation in human-machine interactions. To understand if the outcome of a man-machine interaction can contribute to the co-creation of value, and in what way, the work carried out is epistemological and typological, also based on System Thinking. A matrix of novel gradients of the relationships between humans and non-humans has been created, and the typology of human-machine interactions has been identified for the new degrees of value co-creation processes, as well as the new specific scale of skills, in terms of language, learning, know-how, level of trust and endowment of knowledge, as a whole. The main implications concern the need to customize Decision Support Systems (DSS), to enhance different levels of intensity of relationships, and to identify insights for Decision Making AI - based users.

The Service Science lens favours a transdisciplinary approach to the study and interpretation of a huge number of phenomena. This article explores the applicability of this lens in understanding how resilience can emerge as a characteristic of the service systems at a city, or a district, region, or society level. This paper argues that by matching insights from the Service Science perspective with recent advances in System Thinking, a common and cross-cultural interpretation on resilience may arise, focusing on empirical grounds, fundamental pillars for every country. The paper reviews the understanding of resilience using four macro areas, to specify "where" the resilience’s transdisciplinary roots can be traced. We are formulating four main assumptions based on the ten foundational concepts of Service Science. Further, we argue how these assumptions can really help in understanding, from a multidisciplinary point of view, how different competences and perspectives foster resiliency in Smart cities. We propose a new service design artefact, the Smart Service Model Canvas (SSModC), as a tool for designing, realizing, and maintaining Smart City services. We apply this new tool in a case study to demonstrate some aspects of special services in Smart cities that resilient entities should have and acquire. Our findings may help in addressing the challenge of resilient and sustainable services, as a response for the cognitive resilience of Society in its induced progression. Therefore, they may constitute common knowledge for city management entities in developing complex services with multiple value propositions.