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4. Primary Teachers' Perceptions of Self-Efficacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Carroll, Kelly Reis

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic created a worldwide disruption to the educational system that shuttered traditional classrooms and immediately shifted to virtual teaching and learning. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore how novel virtual teaching experiences contributed to primary teachers' perceptions of self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Narrative inquiry was used to collect primary teachers' perspectives and experiences via a survey, essays and interviews. A narrative thematic analysis of the data revealed that primary teachers' lack of experience with teaching virtually along with the lack of experience with the necessary technology needed to teach via virtual platforms, caused stress and a lack of confidence which weakened perceptions of self-efficacy. Teachers felt judged and unsure of their capabilities having parents in the virtual classroom but conversely experienced increased confidence due to parent feedback. Collegial support and student success motivated primary teachers and strengthened perceptions of self-efficacy. Over time, teachers realized that they were adaptable and capable, which increased their belief in their ability to be successful and strengthened perceptions of self-efficacy. The results of this study benefit educational leaders by supporting future professional development and pre-service teacher training programs in order to meet the technological and pedagogical competencies of a globalized digital world. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2022

13. Building Your Best Chemistry Career Volume 1: Academic Perspectives

Author

Mark A. Benvenuto, William F. Carroll, Kelly O. Sullivan, Lisa M. Balbes, Susan Vittorio, Heinz P. Plaumann, Mark A. Benvenuto, Katelyn Cottone, Klaus Friedrich, Bradley K. Norwood, Amanda C. Bryant-Friedrich, Sherine O. Obare, Leah K. Aggison, Ben Caldwell and Mark A. Benvenuto, William F. Carroll, Kelly O. Sullivan, Lisa M. Balbes, Susan Vittorio, Heinz P. Plaumann, Mark A. Benvenuto, Katelyn Cottone, Klaus Friedrich, Bradley K. Norwood, Amanda C. Bryant-Friedrich, Sherine O. Obare, Leah K. Aggison, Ben Caldwell

Published
2020

14. Quality of stepped-wedge trial reporting can be reliably assessed using an updated CONSORT: crowd-sourcing systematic review

Author

Dutton, Susan J., Madurasinghe, Vichithranie, Morgan, Katy, Stuart, Beth, Fielding, Katherine, Cornelius, Victoria, Turner, Elizabeth L., Hooper, Richard, Giraudeau, Bruno, Seed, Paul T., Nickless, Alecia, Grayling, Michael, Prague, Melanie, Kerry, Sally, Bell, Lauren, Watson, Eila, Gafoor, Rafael, Marlin, Nadine, Yorganci, Emel, Smith, Lesley, Mbekwe, Murielle, Teerenstra, Steven, Chan, Claire, Moerbeek, Mirjam, Jacobsen, Pamela, Bond, Simon, Jones, Ben, Preisser, John, Kanaan, Mona, Hewitt, Catherine, Easter, Christina, Pellatt-Higgins, Tracy, Pankhurst, Laura, Agbla, Schadrac C., Eldridge, Sandra, Lerner, Robin G., Leyrat, Clémence, Pilling, Mark, Forman, Julia R., Bhattacharya, Indrani, Magill, Nicholas, Candlish, Jane, McDowell, Cliona, Martin, James, Kristunas, Caroline, Allen, Elizabeth, Seward, Nadine, Nicholls, Elaine, Franklin, Bryony Dean, Hemming, Karla, Carroll, Kelly, Thompson, Jennifer, Forbes, Andrew, and Taljaard, Monica

Published
2019
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16. Patient and public involvement in pragmatic trials: online survey of corresponding authors of published trials

Author

Vanderhout, Shelley, primary, Nevins, Pascale, additional, Nicholls, Stuart G., additional, Macarthur, Colin, additional, Brehaut, Jamie C., additional, Potter, Beth K., additional, Gillies, Kate, additional, Goulao, Beatriz, additional, Smith, Maureen, additional, Hilderley, Alicia, additional, Carroll, Kelly, additional, Spinewine, Anne, additional, Weijer, Charles, additional, Fergusson, Dean A., additional, and Taljaard, Monica, additional

Published
2023
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22. Health equity considerations in pragmatic trials in Alzheimer's and dementia disease: Results from a methodological review

Author

Nicholls, Stuart G., primary, Al‐Jaishi, Ahmed A., additional, Niznick, Harrison, additional, Carroll, Kelly, additional, Madani, Mohamad Tarek, additional, Peak, Katherine D., additional, Madani, Leen, additional, Nevins, Pascale, additional, Adisso, Lionel, additional, Li, Fan, additional, Weijer, Charles, additional, Mitchell, Susan L., additional, Welch, Vivian, additional, Quiñones, Ana R., additional, and Taljaard, Monica, additional

Published
2023
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27. The use of key implementation science concepts in the study of misinformation: a scoping review protocol

Author

Niyati Mistry, Carroll, Kelly, Bang, Carla, and Brehaut, Jamie

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Health Psychology, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Information Literacy, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Medical Research, Library and Information Science
Abstract

The objective of this scoping review is to survey reviews of the misinformation literature and document the extent it considers core concepts from implementation science. Current approaches that aim to counter misinformation do not consider the full range of factors that affect behaviour. Behavioural theories from Implementation Science can be used to identify these factors and target the spread and consumption of misinformation.

Published
2023
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28. How is routinely-collected health data used to investigate the impact of automatic cognitive processes on healthcare professional behaviour? A scoping review

Author

McCleary, Nicola, Presseau, Justin, McCudden, Christopher, Semchishen, Seana, Potthoff, Sebastian, Carroll, Kelly, Hudek, Natasha, Colquhoun, Heather, and Brehaut, Jamie

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Health Psychology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Cognitive Psychology, Psychology, Public Health, Health Services Research, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Implementation interventions often focus on healthcare professionals’ deliberative, analytical thinking as a route to achieving practice change, e.g. educational meetings that provide instruction but leave attendees to integrate the lessons into practice. Such deliberative mechanisms are clearly an important element of practice change. However, human behaviour is guided by two cognitive systems: one involving deliberative processes, the other involving automatic processes (e.g. habits, cognitive heuristics). Automatic processes are under-considered in theoretical frameworks commonly used to explore barriers to change. These processes can be difficult to study, since they are not easily observed or self-reported on. Routinely-collected health data can provide a new window into these processes. Such data provide a means to explore processes that are common across all human decision makers and may have substantial impact on real-world clinical behaviour, through investigation across large samples. For example, one study used billing claims data to demonstrate the impact of the availability heuristic (the tendency to assess the likelihood or frequency of an event based on the ease with which occurrences of the event come to mind, rather than on established probabilities). The study found that physicians were less likely to prescribe warfarin to patients with atrial fibrillation to reduce their stroke risk (an evidence-based practice) after one of their patients had a major adverse bleeding event associated with warfarin (a rare but likely salient and easily remembered event) (Choudhry et al., 2006). We are conducting a scoping review to map the ways in which routine data has been used to investigate the impact of automatic processes on clinical practice. Our results will highlight the extent to which different types of automatic processes have been explored using routine data, and will provide insights into how routine data can be used to increase our understanding of factors driving automatic processes and their impact on clinical practice in real-world contexts. Such understanding may ultimately support the development of novel or adapted implementation interventions to target these processes as routes to improving quality of care.

Published
2022
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32. Developing a framework for the ethical design and conduct of pragmatic trials in healthcare: a mixed methods research protocol

Author

Taljaard, Monica, Weijer, Charles, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Ali, Adnan, Brehaut, Jamie C., Campbell, Marion K., Carroll, Kelly, Edwards, Sarah, Eldridge, Sandra, Forrest, Christopher B., Giraudeau, Bruno, Goldstein, Cory E., Graham, Ian D., Hemming, Karla, Hey, Spencer Phillips, Horn, Austin R., Jairath, Vipul, Klassen, Terry P., London, Alex John, Marlin, Susan, Marshall, John C., McIntyre, Lauralyn, McKenzie, Joanne E., Nicholls, Stuart G., Alison Paprica, P., Zwarenstein, Merrick, and Fergusson, Dean A.

Published
2018
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35. Current Use of Pragmatic Trial Labels is Uninformative: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Trials in Clinicaltrials.Gov

Author

Taljaard, Monica, primary, Nicholls, Stuart G., additional, Howie, Alison H., additional, Nix, Hayden P., additional, Carroll, Kelly, additional, Moon, Paxton M., additional, Nightingale, Natalie M., additional, Giraudeau, Bruno, additional, Hey, Spencer P., additional, Eldridge, Sandra M., additional, Weijer, Charles, additional, and zwarenstein, merrick, additional

Published
2022
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46. Informed consent in pragmatic trials: results from a survey of trials published 2014–2019

Author

Zhang, Jennifer Zhe, Nicholls, Stuart G, Carroll, Kelly, Nix, Hayden Peter, Goldstein, Cory E, Hey, Spencer Phillips, Brehaut, Jamie C, McLean, Paul C, Weijer, Charles, Fergusson, Dean A, and Taljaard, Monica

Abstract

ObjectivesTo describe reporting of informed consent in pragmatic trials, justifications for waivers of consent and reporting of alternative approaches to standard written consent. To identify factors associated with (1) not reporting and (2) not obtaining consent.MethodsSurvey of primary trial reports, published 2014–2019, identified using an electronic search filter for pragmatic trials implemented in MEDLINE, and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.ResultsAmong 1988 trials, 132 (6.6%) did not include a statement about participant consent, 1691 (85.0%) reported consent had been obtained, 139 (7.0%) reported a waiver and 26 (1.3%) reported consent for one aspect (eg, data collection) but a waiver for another (eg, intervention). Of the 165 trials reporting a waiver, 76 (46.1%) provided a justification. Few (53, 2.9%) explicitly reported use of alternative approaches to consent. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, lower journal impact factor (p=0.001) and cluster randomisation (p<0.0001) were significantly associated with not reporting on consent, while trial recency, cluster randomisation, higher-income country settings, health services research and explicit labelling as pragmatic were significantly associated with not obtaining consent (all p<0.0001).DiscussionNot obtaining consent seems to be increasing and is associated with the use of cluster randomisation and pragmatic aims, but neither cluster randomisation nor pragmatism are currently accepted justifications for waivers of consent. Rather than considering either standard written informed consent or waivers of consent, researchers and research ethics committees could consider alternative consent approaches that may facilitate the conduct of pragmatic trials while preserving patient autonomy and the public’s trust in research.

Published
2023
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50. Additional file 5 of Audit and feedback to improve laboratory test and transfusion ordering in critical care: a systematic review

Author

Foster, Madison, Presseau, Justin, McCleary, Nicola, Carroll, Kelly, Lauralyn McIntyre, Hutton, Brian, and Brehaut, Jamie

Subjects
Data_FILES
Abstract

Additional File 5. Definitions of Appropriateness (Microsoft Word document, .docx). Additional File 5 describes how each study assessed appropriateness of tests and/or transfusions (as applicable).

Published
2020
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