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Casares, en la actual provincia de Málaga, constituye un buen ejemplo de señorío mudéjar, adquirido por Rodrigo Ponce de León, marqués-duque de Cádiz, en agosto de 1491. Aunque disponemos de bibliografía específica y relevante sobre este señorío desde hace medio siglo, podemos añadir una perspectiva de análisis poco explorada: la que nos ofrece el análisis comparado de las primeras tomas de posesión señoriales. La primera de ellas se realizó en septiembre de 1491, pocos días después de la supuesta venta del señorío al marqués de Cádiz. La segunda, en septiembre de 1492, tras la muerte de Rodrigo, que dejó como tutora de su nieto y heredero a su viuda, Beatriz Pacheco. La comparación de estos documentos entre sí y con la toma de posesión realizada en nombre del segundo duque de Arcos en 1530 revela los mecanismos con los que la nueva autoridad señorial se presenta a la comunidad mudéjar y permite observar su evolución en una época de cambios trascendentales.

Nanoparticles of TiO2 doped with low amount of Fe were synthesized from natural ilmenite obtained from alluvial gold mine wastes. The obtained TiO2 were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results confirm the formation of mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase phase with 0.05 wt.% of iron possibly replacing some titanium places. All the characterizations were performed to the synthesized solid and the reference materials (TiO2 anatase and Degussa P25). The photocatalytic activity of both the synthesized solid and references were evaluated in the photo-oxidation of cyanide in aqueous medium under UV illumination. An experimental design type Box-Behnken was performed choosing three different parameters: the initial concentration of cyanide (50, 150 and 250 ppm) the catalyst load (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g L-1) and the oxygen source. The percentage of cyanide conversion was chosen as response in the design obtaining as optimal conditions [CN-]0 = 50 ppm, catalyst load = 0.6 g L-1 and air bubbling. Under these conditions it was reached 32, 32 and 89% of cyanide conversion for Fe-TiO2 synthesized, TiO2 anatase and Degussa P25, respectively.

El cambio climático es un tema de máxima importancia para la sociedad global y de interés particular para las ciencias naturales, frecuentemente abordado por los medios de comunicación y discutido en diferentes sectores de la población. El presente artículo muestra la exploración de las concepciones respecto al CO. y su influencia en el cambio climático, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de Química General. Para el estudio, se empleó un cuestionario tipo Likert como instrumento de pruebas inicial (pretest) y final (postest), intercaladas con una intervención didáctica basada en la experimentación con el uso de un kit para la generación, recolección e identificación de CO. y la posterior discusión de material audiovisual y bibliográfico especializado. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de preconcepciones, poco conocimiento científico del fenómeno y fuerte tendencia a pensar que el dióxido de carbono es el factor principal en los problemas de cambio climático y que el ser humano es el responsable de dicho fenómeno. La intervención didáctica fue motivante y favorable para mover las preconcepciones hacia un conocimiento científicamente más estructurado. Este estudio permite avanzar en la construcción de una propuesta de educación científica climática que realmente ayude a involucrar a la sociedad en la resolución de los problemas ambientales.

Este artículo repasa las trayectorias de movilización campesina en Montes de María (norte de Colombia) entre 1950 y 2000. Esa revisión resalta que dichas trayectorias obligaron a los actores involucrados a negociar sus diferencias y acordar colaboraciones en la década de 1980. A partir de ese análisis, el artículo establece que dichas trayectorias fueron parte de un proceso más amplio de democratización. El objetivo es entonces proponer una discusión sobre los nexos entre movilización campesina y democratización en América Latina durante este período. De hecho, historias agrarias han mostrado cómo la movilización campesina ha moldeado instituciones políticas formales. No obstante, para complementar estos hallazgos, el artículo le apuesta a historizar la democratización como reducción de desigualdades políticas. La democratización así entendida rebasa las instituciones políticas formales y se observa mejor en cambios en las relaciones sociales. Es el caso de los campesinos en Montes de María, empeñados en reducir las desigualdades políticas entre ellos mismos y con respecto a otros actores sociales.

Resumen: La columna vertebral es la tercera ubicación más frecuente para la enfermedad metastásica, después del pulmón y el hígado. Por otra parte, los tumores óseos más recurrentes son las metástasis, siendo la columna su principal lugar de localización. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de las diferentes técnicas de imagen disponibles, tanto radiológicas como de medicina nuclear, y de la apariencia morfológica de las metástasis de columna en cada una de ellas. La resonancia magnética (RM) es la mejor modalidad de imagen para la detección de metástasis en la columna. Es importante efectuar el diagnóstico diferencial entre fractura vertebral de causa osteoporótica y patológica. La compresión medular es una complicación grave de la enfermedad metastásica y su valoración mediante imagen a través de escalas objetivas es determinante para la estimación de la estabilidad de la columna y, por consiguiente, para establecer el tratamiento. Por último, se comentan brevemente las técnicas de intervencionismo percutáneo. Abstract: The spine is the third most frequent location for metastatic disease, after the lung and liver. On the other hand, the most frequent bone tumors are metastases and the spine is the main location. A review of the different imaging techniques available, both radiological and nuclear medicine, and the morphological appearance of spinal metastases in each of them is performed. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for detection of spinal metastases. It is important to make the differential diagnosis between vertebral fracture of osteoporotic and pathological cause. Spinal cord compression is a serious complication of metastatic disease and its assessment by imaging through objective scales is decisive for estimating spinal stability and therefore establishing treatment. Lastly, percutaneous intervention techniques are briefly discussed.

Abstract Aims Residual congestion at the time of hospital discharge is an important readmission risk factor, and its detection with physical examination and usual diagnostic techniques have strong limitations in overweight and obese patients. New tools like bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) could help to determine when euvolaemia is reached. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of BIA in management of heart failure (HF) in overweight and obese patients. Methods and results Our study is a single‐centre, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial that included 48 overweight and obese patients admitted for acute HF. The study population was randomized into two arms: BIA‐guided group and standard care. Serum electrolytes, kidney function, and natriuretic peptides were followed up during their hospital stay and at 90 days after discharge. The primary endpoint was development of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) defined as an increase in serum creatinine by >0.5 mg/dL during hospitalization, and the main secondary endpoint was the reduction of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels during hospitalization and within 90 days after discharge. The BIA‐guided group showed a remarkable lower incidence of severe AKI, although no significant differences were found (41.4% vs. 16.7%; P = 0.057). The proportion of patients who achieved levels of NT‐proBNP

The spine is the third most frequent location for metastatic disease, after the lung and liver. On the other hand, the most frequent bone tumours are metastases and the spine is the main location. A review of the different imaging techniques available, both radiological and nuclear medicine, and the morphological appearance of spinal metastases in each of them is performed. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for detection of spinal metastases. It is important to make the differential diagnosis between vertebral fracture of osteoporotic and pathological cause. Spinal cord compression is a serious complication of metastatic disease and its assessment by imaging through objective scales is decisive for estimating spinal stability and therefore establishing treatment. Lastly, percutaneous intervention techniques are briefly discussed. Resumen: La columna vertebral es la tercera ubicación más frecuente para la enfermedad metastásica, después del pulmón y el hígado. Por otra parte, los tumores óseos más recurrentes son las metástasis, siendo la columna su principal lugar de localización. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de las diferentes técnicas de imagen disponibles, tanto radiológicas como de medicina nuclear, y de la apariencia morfológica de las metástasis de columna en cada una de ellas. La resonancia magnética es la mejor modalidad de imagen para la detección de metástasis en la columna. Es importante efectuar el diagnóstico diferencial entre fractura vertebral de causa osteoporótica y patológica. La compresión medular es una complicación grave de la enfermedad metastásica y su valoración mediante imagen a través de escalas objetivas es determinante para la estimación de la estabilidad de la columna y, por consiguiente, para establecer el tratamiento. Por último, se comentan brevemente las técnicas de intervencionismo percutáneo.

Active lupus nephritis (LN) in pregnancy is strongly associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes and, therefore, has implications on the planning, timing, and management. Prepregnancy evaluation is essential for all LN patients with childbearing potential to ensure pregnancies proceed in a safe and timely manner. Both maternal and fetal risks are communicated to patient during the evaluation. Stratification into different risk profile groups is then made based on disease activity and organ impairment severity. Patients with LN are generally divided into 3 main groups. Patients with LN who become pregnant receive treatments that are nonteratogenic and optimal for fetal and maternal outcomes. Throughout the pregnancy period, these patients are monitored closely under surveillance by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians. The management of patients with LN in pregnancy can be challenging both diagnostically (distinguishing LN from pre-eclampsia and determining the role and timing of kidney biopsy) and therapeutically (LN flares during pregnancy and managing a newly diagnosed LN during pregnancy).

Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration (L-ORD) is a rare autosomal dominant macular disease, with most cases being caused by a founder mutation in C1QTNF5. Initial symptoms, which generally occur during or after the sixth decade, include abnormal dark adaptation and changes in peripheral vision. Over time, the build-up of sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits leads to macular atrophy and bilateral central vision loss1. Here, we describe the generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from dermal fibroblasts of a 61-year-old L-ORD Caucasian male patient carrying the founder mutation (c.489C>G, p.Ser163Arg), using episomal reprogramming.

El trabajo interdisciplinario e interinstitucional aporta a la construcción territorial consolidando bases y espacios para el desarrollo integral del territorio. Esta propuesta buscó analizar el proceso de creación de la Ordenanza Municipal N°7.209 de la ciudad de Villa María, Córdoba. Un grupo de investigación comenzó a trabajar en la delimitación del periurbano de la ciudad y simultáneamente desde la gestión local se modificó la ordenanza municipal de zonificación. Este trabajo interinstitucional surgió con el objetivo de que el estudio académico sirva de base científica para la revisión de las ordenanzas municipales que regulaban el ordenamiento territorial. Se realizaron actividades de relevamiento y talleres participativos a fin de conocer el estado y las demandas de ese periurbano. La investigación definió la línea de base ambiental sobre la cual se consensuaron las posiciones resultantes de los talleres y la proyección de la gestión municipal hacia una ciudad saludable, inclusiva y sustentable. La Ordenanza Municipal N° 7.209 fue sancionada por unanimidad a fines del año 2017 y en ella se aprueba el nuevo plano de zonificación, se crea la unidad ejecutora técnica de ruralidad urbana y se establecen sus funciones.

A set of catalysts based on the mixed Cu-Co oxide supported on a porous dealuminized metakaolinite was synthesized and evaluated in the partial oxidation of glycerol under greener conditions. The characterization results confirmed the formation of an inverse spinel structure (CuCo2O4) as the active phase. High glycerol conversion (70.6%) and selectivity to dihydroxyacetone (88.2%) were obtained at 80 °C and 1:2 glycerol:H2O2 molar ratio, after 4 h of reaction, using a metal load of 10 wt% on the support. The catalytic activity results suggest that this reaction is sensitive to the metal oxide particle size, but the selectivity is unaffected.

Maddalena Illario,1– 3 Vincenzo De Luca,1 Gabrielle Onorato,2 Giovanni Tramontano,2,3 Ana Maria Carriazo,2,4 Regina Elisabeth Roller-Wirnsberger,5 Joao Apostolo,6 Patrik Eklund,7 Nandu Goswami,8 Guido Iaccarino,9 Maria Triassi,1 John Farrell,2 Jean Bousquet2,10 1Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; 2Executive Board, EIP on AHA Reference Sites Collaborative Network, Brussels, Belgium; 3Research & Development Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Naples, Italy; 4Deputy Regional Ministry, Regional Ministry of Health and Families of Andalusia, Seville, Spain; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; 6Health and Care Sciences Research Unit, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; 7Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; 8Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; 9Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; 10MACVIA-France, Fondation partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, FranceCorrespondence: Maddalena Illario, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini n.5, Naples, 80131, Italy, Tel +39 0817464211, Fax +39 0817464212, Email illario@unina.it Nandu Goswami, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz, 8010, Austria, Tel +43 31638573852, Fax +43 31638579005, Email nandu.goswami@medunigraz.atAbstract: The article describes some of the achievements of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA), after eight years in operation. These results were achieved thanks to the collaborative work of the action groups (AGs) and reference sites (RSs). RS regional ecosystems include key organisations committed to investing in innovation to foster active and healthy ageing. The AGs are groups of professionals committed to sharing their knowledge and skills in active and healthy ageing. This article reports on the approach used by the EIP on AHA to bring together experts and regions in identifying and addressing these challenges. Synergies between AGs offered substantial support to RSs, allowing regional health and care priorities and challenges to be identified and pursued through AG commitments. Building upon the experiences of the EIP on AHA, the Reference Sites Collaborative Network has set up a number of thematic action groups that bring together multidisciplinary experts from across Europe to address the main health and social care challenges at regional, national and European level.Keywords: active and healthy ageing, digital health, health policy, health innovation

This quasi-experimental study examines the efficacy of GeoGebra in enhancing trigonometric competence among tenth-grade students in Montería, Colombia. Comparing an experimental group that used GeoGebra with a control group receiving traditional teaching, key competencies such as reasoning and argumentation, communication, representation and modeling, and problem posing and solving were evaluated. Pre-intervention results showed that 88.19% of students in the experimental group had insufficient performance in reasoning and argumentation. After the implementation of GeoGebra, this figure decreased to 5.5%. In competencies of communication, representation, and modeling, the insufficient performance reduced from 85.7% to 5.5%, and in problem posing and solving, from 80.3% to 5.7%. These significant improvements demonstrate the positive impact of GeoGebra on the development of mathematical competencies. The study concludes that GeoGebra is an effective tool for strengthening trigonometric competence in high school students, highlighting the importance of integrating digital technologies in mathematics education. The findings suggest the need for more research on the use of technological tools in mathematics education and support investment in technological resources and teacher training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the implementation of an internet of things (IoT)-based device for the accurate and continuous measurement of gamma and ultraviolet (UV) radiation in a rural area of Sincelejo, Colombia. The device, calibrated with an error margin below 5%, allowed for the reliable collection of data during the year 2022. An average effective dose rate of gamma radiation of (0.998±0.037) mSv/year was recorded, a value that approaches the recommended limit. Additionally, the inverse square law of radiation was confirmed, observing a decrease in radiation with an increase in altitude. Concurrently, a constant risk of high to extremely high UV radiation exposure was detected throughout the year. These findings emphasize the need for constant monitoring and the implementation of UV protection measures in the region. The integration of IoT in environmental dosimetry has proven to be an invaluable tool for detailed tracking of radiation levels, significantly contributing to the understanding of radiation in rural areas. The exploration of more advanced sensors and data analysis tools in future research is recommended to further improve the accuracy and utility of these devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While NLRP3 contributes to kidney fibrosis, the function of most NOD‐like receptors (NLRs) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unexplored. To identify further NLR members involved in the pathogenesis of CKD, we searched for NLR genes expressed by normal kidneys and differentially expressed in human CKD transcriptomics databases. For NLRP6, lower kidney expression correlated with decreasing glomerular filtration rate. The role and molecular mechanisms of Nlrp6 in kidney fibrosis were explored in wild‐type and Nlrp6‐deficient mice and cell cultures. Data mining of single‐cell transcriptomics databases identified proximal tubular cells as the main site of Nlrp6 expression in normal human kidneys and tubular cell Nlrp6 was lost in CKD. We confirmed kidney Nlrp6 downregulation following murine unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nlrp6‐deficient mice had higher kidney p38 MAPK activation and more severe kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Similar results were obtained in adenine‐induced kidney fibrosis. Mechanistically, profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and TWEAK decreased Nlrp6 expression in cultured tubular cells, and Nlrp6 downregulation resulted in increased TGF‐β1 and CTGF expression through p38 MAPK activation, as well as in downregulation of the antifibrotic factor Klotho, suggesting that loss of Nlrp6 promotes maladaptive tubular cell responses. The pattern of gene expression following Nlrp6 targeting in cultured proximal tubular cells was consistent with maladaptive transitions for proximal tubular cells described in single‐cell transcriptomics datasets. In conclusion, endogenous constitutive Nlrp6 dampens sterile kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Loss of Nlrp6 expression by tubular cells may contribute to CKD progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabry disease is a lysosomal disease characterized by globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation. It may coexist with diabetes mellitus and both cause potentially lethal kidney end-organ damage. However, there is little information on their interaction with kidney disease. We have addressed the interaction between Fabry disease and diabetes in data mining of human kidney transcriptomics databases and in Fabry (Gla-/-) and wild type mice with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Data mining was consistent with differential expression of genes encoding enzymes from the Gb3 metabolic pathway in human diabetic kidney disease, including upregulation of UGCG, the gene encoding the upstream and rate-limiting enzyme glucosyl ceramide synthase. Diabetic Fabry mice displayed the most severe kidney infiltration by F4/80+ macrophages, and a lower kidney expression of kidney protective genes (Pgc1α and Tfeb) than diabetic wild type mice, without a further increase in kidney fibrosis. Moreover, only diabetic Fabry mice developed kidney insufficiency and these mice with kidney insufficiency had a high expression of Ugcg. In conclusion, we found evidence of interaction between diabetes and Fabry disease that may increase the severity of the kidney phenotype through modulation of the Gb3 synthesis pathway and downregulation of kidney protective genes.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has killed ~7 million persons worldwide. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common risk factor for severe COVID-19 and one that most increases the risk of COVID-19-related death. Moreover, CKD increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), and COVID-19 patients with AKI are at an increased risk of death. However, the molecular basis underlying this risk has not been well characterized. CKD patients are at increased risk of death from multiple infections, to which immune deficiency in non-specific host defenses may contribute. However, COVID-19-associated AKI has specific molecular features and CKD modulates the local (kidney) and systemic (lung, aorta) expression of host genes encoding coronavirus-associated receptors and factors (SCARFs), which SARS-CoV-2 hijacks to enter cells and replicate. We review the interaction between kidney disease and COVID-19, including the over 200 host genes that may influence the severity of COVID-19, and provide evidence suggesting that kidney disease may modulate the expression of SCARF genes and other key host genes involved in an effective adaptive defense against coronaviruses. Given the poor response of certain CKD populations (e.g., kidney transplant recipients) to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and their suboptimal outcomes when infected, we propose a research agenda focusing on CKD to develop the concept of comorbidity-specific targeted therapeutic approaches to SARS-CoV-2 infection or to future coronavirus infections.