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2,056 results on '"Carramiñana, A"'

1. Study of the IC 443 region with the HAWC observatory

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Araya, M., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Desiati, P., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Goksu, H., González-Cervera, J. A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Najafi, M., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Osorio, M., Ponce, E., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Roth, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schwefer, G., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Watson, I. J., Wu, H., Yu, S., Yun-Cárcamo, S., Zhou, H., and de León, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context. Supernova remnants are one potential source class considered a PeVatron (i.e. capable of accelerating cosmic rays above PeV energies). The shock fronts produced after the explosion of the supernova are ideal regions for particle acceleration. IC 443 is a supernova remnant that has been studied extensively at different wavelengths. We study this region using very-high-energy gamma-ray data. Aims. We explore the region of IC 443 using 2966 days of gamma-ray data from the HAWC observatory. We study the emission of this supernova remnant and search for signatures that would show acceleration of (hadronic) cosmic rays at the PeV range. Methods. We use the maximum likelihood estimation and a likelihood ratio test to perform a multi-source fitting search. We find the best-fit morphology and spectrum of the IC 443 region above $\sim$300 GeV that best describes the HAWC data. Results. We observe a point source located at ($\alpha$=94.42$^{\circ}$, $\delta$=22.35$^{\circ}$) that we associate with IC 443. The measured spectrum is a simple power law with an index of -3.14$\pm$0.18, which is consistent with previous TeV observations. We also find a new extended component in the region whose emission is described by a simple power law with an index of -2.49$\pm$0.08 and which we call HAWC J0615+2213. Conclusions. Although we cannot confirm that IC 443 is a hadronic PeVatron, we do not find any sign that the spectrum has a cut off at tens of TeV energies, with the spectrum extending to $\sim$30 TeV. Furthermore, we find a new extended source in the region. While we show evidence that this new source might be a new TeV halo, we defer a detailed analysis of this new source to another publication.
Published: 2025

2. Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning to UAV Swarming for Ground Surveillance

Author: Arranz, Raúl, Carramiñana, David, de Miguel, Gonzalo, Besada, Juan A., and Bernardos, Ana M.
Subjects: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: This paper summarizes in depth the state of the art of aerial swarms, covering both classical and new reinforcement-learning-based approaches for their management. Then, it proposes a hybrid AI system, integrating deep reinforcement learning in a multi-agent centralized swarm architecture. The proposed system is tailored to perform surveillance of a specific area, searching and tracking ground targets, for security and law enforcement applications. The swarm is governed by a central swarm controller responsible for distributing different search and tracking tasks among the cooperating UAVs. Each UAV agent is then controlled by a collection of cooperative sub-agents, whose behaviors have been trained using different deep reinforcement learning models, tailored for the different task types proposed by the swarm controller. More specifically, proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithms were used to train the agents' behavior. In addition, several metrics to assess the performance of the swarm in this application were defined. The results obtained through simulation show that our system searches the operation area effectively, acquires the targets in a reasonable time, and is capable of tracking them continuously and consistently.
Published: 2025
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3. Towards resilient cities: A hybrid simulation framework for risk mitigation through data driven decision making

Author: Carraminana, David, Bernardos, Ana M., Besada, Juan A., and Casar, Jose R.
Subjects: Computer Science - Multiagent Systems, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract: Providing a comprehensive view of the city operation and offering useful metrics for decision making is a well known challenge for urban risk analysis systems. Existing systems are, in many cases, generalizations of previous domain specific tools and or methodologies that may not cover all urban interdependencies and makes it difficult to have homogeneous indicators. In order to overcome this limitation while seeking for effective support to decision makers, this article introduces a novel hybrid simulation framework for risk mitigation. The framework is built on a proposed city concept that considers urban space as a Complex Adaptive System composed by interconnected Critical Infrastructures. In this concept, a Social System, which models daily patterns and social interactions of the citizens in the Urban Landscape, drives the CIs demand to configure the full city picture. The frameworks hybrid design integrates agent based and network based modeling by breaking down city agents into system dependent subagents, to enable both inter and intra system interaction simulation, respectively. A layered structure of indicators at different aggregation levels is also developed, to ensure that decisions are not only data driven but also explainable. Therefore, the proposed simulation framework can serve as a DSS tool that allows the quantitative analysis of the impact of threats at different levels. First, system level metrics can be used to get a broad view on the city resilience. Then, agent level metrics back those figures and provide better explainability. On implementation, the proposed framework enables component reusability (for eased coding), simulation federation (enabling the integration of existing system oriented simulators), discrete simulation in accelerated time (for rapid scenario simulation) and decision oriented visualization (for informed outputs)., Comment: 24 pages
Published: 2025
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4. Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Strategies for Drone Navigation

Author: San-Segundo, Rubén, Angulo, Lucía, Gil-Martín, Manuel, Carramiñana, David, and Bernardos, Ana M.
Subjects: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: Objective: This paper describes the development of hybrid artificial intelligence strategies for drone navigation. Methods: The navigation module combines a deep learning model with a rule-based engine depending on the agent state. The deep learning model has been trained using reinforcement learning. The rule-based engine uses expert knowledge to deal with specific situations. The navigation module incorporates several strategies to explain the drone decision based on its observation space, and different mechanisms for including human decisions in the navigation process. Finally, this paper proposes an evaluation methodology based on defining several scenarios and analyzing the performance of the different strategies according to metrics adapted to each scenario. Results: Two main navigation problems have been studied. For the first scenario (reaching known targets), it has been possible to obtain a 90% task completion rate, reducing significantly the number of collisions thanks to the rule-based engine. For the second scenario, it has been possible to reduce 20% of the time required to locate all the targets using the reinforcement learning model. Conclusions: Reinforcement learning is a very good strategy to learn policies for drone navigation, but in critical situations, it is necessary to complement it with a rule-based module to increase task success rate.
Published: 2025
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5. Spectral study of very high energy gamma rays from SS 433 with HAWC

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L ., DuVernois, M. A., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C ., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Muñoz, A. González, González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A ., Lee, W. H., Lee, J., de León, C., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U ., Noriega-Papaqui, R ., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E ., Salazar, H., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W ., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E ., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Watson, I. J., Yu, S ., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Very-high-energy (0.1-100 TeV) gamma-ray emission was observed in HAWC data from the lobes of the microquasar SS 433, making them the first set of astrophysical jets that were resolved at TeV energies. In this work, we update the analysis of SS 433 using 2,565 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. Our analysis reports the detection of a point-like source in the east lobe at a significance of $6.6\,\sigma$ and in the west lobe at a significance of $8.2\,\sigma$. For each jet lobe, we localize the gamma-ray emission and identify a best-fit position. The locations are close to the X-ray emission sites "e1" and "w1" for the east and west lobes, respectively. We analyze the spectral energy distributions and find that the energy spectra of the lobes are consistent with a simple power-law $\text{d}N/\text{d}E\propto E^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha = -2.44^{+0.13+0.04}_{-0.12-0.04}$ and $\alpha = -2.35^{+0.12+0.03}_{-0.11-0.03}$ for the east and west lobes, respectively. The maximum energy of photons from the east and west lobes reaches 56 TeV and 123 TeV, respectively. We compare our observations to various models and conclude that the very-high-energy gamma-ray emission can be produced by a population of electrons that were efficiently accelerated.
Published: 2024
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6. Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Bubble around Microquasar V4641 Sgr

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Muñoz, A. Gonzalez, González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., de León, C., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Osorio, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Microquasars are laboratories for the study of jets of relativistic particles produced by accretion onto a spinning black hole. Microquasars are near enough to allow detailed imaging of spatial features across the multiwavelength spectrum. The recent extension of the spatial morphology of a microquasar, SS 433, to TeV gamma rays \cite{abeysekara2018very} localizes the acceleration of electrons at shocks in the jet far from the black hole \cite{hess2024ss433}. Here we report TeV gamma-ray emission from another microquasar, V4641~Sgr, which reveals particle acceleration at similar distances from the black hole as SS~433. Additionally, the gamma-ray spectrum of V4641 is among the hardest TeV spectra observed from any known gamma-ray source and is detected up to 200 TeV. Gamma rays are produced by particles, either electrons or hadrons, of higher energies. Because electrons lose energy more quickly the higher their energy, such a spectrum either very strongly constrains the electron production mechanism or points to the acceleration of high-energy hadrons. This observation suggests that large-scale jets from microquasars could be more common than previously expected and that microquasars could be a significant source of Galactic cosmic rays. high energy gamma-rays also provide unique constraints on the acceleration mechanisms of extra-Galactic cosmic rays postulated to be produced by the supermassive black holes and relativistic jets of quasars. The distance to quasars limits imaging studies due to insufficient angular resolution of gamma-rays and due to attenuation of the highest energy gamma-rays by the extragalactic background light.
Published: 2024
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7. Testing the Molecular Cloud Paradigm for Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Ray Emission from the Direction of SNR G106.3+2.7

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Depaoli, D., Desiati, P., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Hüntemeyer, P., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lee, W. H., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Yu, S., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Supernova remnants (SNRs) are believed to be capable of accelerating cosmic rays (CRs) to PeV energies. SNR G106.3+2.7 is a prime PeVatron candidate. It is formed by a head region, where the pulsar J2229+6114 and its boomerang-shaped pulsar wind nebula are located, and a tail region containing SN ejecta. The lack of observed gamma ray emission from the two regions of this SNR has made it difficult to assess which region would be responsible for the PeV CRs. We aim to characterize the very-high-energy (VHE, 0.1-100 TeV) gamma ray emission from SNR G106.3+2.7 by determining the morphology and spectral energy distribution of the region. This is accomplished using 2565 days of data and improved reconstruction algorithms from the HAWC Observatory. We also explore possible gamma ray production mechanisms for different energy ranges. Using a multi-source fitting procedure based on a maximum-likelihood estimation method, we evaluate the complex nature of this region. We determine the morphology, spectrum, and energy range for the source found in the region. Molecular cloud information is also used to create a template and evaluate the HAWC gamma ray spectral properties at ultra-high-energies (UHE, >56 TeV). This will help probe the hadronic nature of the highest-energy emission from the region. We resolve one extended source coincident with all other gamma ray observations of the region. The emission reaches above 100~TeV and its preferred log-parabola shape in the spectrum shows a flux peak in the TeV range. The molecular cloud template fit on the higher energy data reveals that the SNR's energy budget is fully capable of producing a purely hadronic source for UHE gamma rays.
Published: 2024
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8. TeV Analysis of a Source Rich Region with HAWC Observatory: Is HESS J1809-193 a Potential Hadronic PeVatron?

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Breuhaus, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fick, B., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Munoz, A. Gonzalez, González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Osorio, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: HESS J1809-193 is an unidentified TeV source, first detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Collaboration. The emission originates in a source-rich region that includes several Supernova Remnants (SNR) and Pulsars (PSR) including SNR G11.1+0.1, SNR G11.0-0.0, and the young radio pulsar J1809-1917. Originally classified as a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) candidate, recent studies show the peak of the TeV region overlapping with a system of molecular clouds. This resulted in the revision of the original leptonic scenario to look for alternate hadronic scenarios. Marked as a potential PeVatron candidate, this region has been studied extensively by H.E.S.S. due to its emission extending up-to several tens of TeV. In this work, we use 2398 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a systematic source search for the HESS J1809-193 region. We were able to resolve emission detected as an extended component (modelled as a Symmetric Gaussian with a 1 $\sigma$ radius of 0.21 $^\circ$) with no clear cutoff at high energies and emitting photons up-to 210 TeV. We model the multi-wavelength observations for the region HESS J1809-193 using a time-dependent leptonic model and a lepto-hadronic model. Our model indicates that both scenarios could explain the observed data within the region of HESS J1809-193.
Published: 2024

9. Observation of the Galactic Center PeVatron Beyond 100 TeV with HAWC

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Andrés, A., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Goksu, H., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Najafi, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Osorio-Archila, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schwefer, G., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Wu, H., Yu, S., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report an observation of ultra-high energy (UHE) gamma rays from the Galactic Center region, using seven years of data collected by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. The HAWC data are best described as a point-like source (HAWC J1746-2856) with a power-law spectrum ($\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}E=\phi(E/26 \,\text{TeV})^{\gamma}$), where $\gamma=-2.88 \pm 0.15_{\text{stat}} - 0.1_{\text{sys}} $ and $\phi=1.5 \times 10^{-15}$ (TeV cm$^{2}$s)$^{-1}$ $\pm\, 0.3_{\text{stat}}\,^{+0.08_{\text{sys}}}_{-0.13_{\text{sys}}}$ extending from 6 to 114 TeV. We find no evidence of a spectral cutoff up to $100$ TeV using HAWC data. Two known point-like gamma-ray sources are spatially coincident with the HAWC gamma-ray excess: Sgr A$^{*}$ (HESS J1745-290) and the Arc (HESS J1746-285). We subtract the known flux contribution of these point sources from the measured flux of HAWC J1746-2856 to exclude their contamination and show that the excess observed by HAWC remains significant ($>$5$\sigma$) with the spectrum extending to $>$100 TeV. Our result supports that these detected UHE gamma rays can originate via hadronic interaction of PeV cosmic-ray protons with the dense ambient gas and confirms the presence of a proton PeVatron at the Galactic Center.
Published: 2024

10. Analysis of the Emission and Morphology of the Pulsar Wind Nebula Candidate HAWC J2031+415

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, . A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Wang, Zhen, Watson, I. J., Yu, S., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The first TeV gamma-ray source with no lower energy counterparts, TeV J2032+4130, was discovered by HEGRA. It appears in the third HAWC catalog as 3HWC J2031+415 and it is a bright TeV gamma-ray source whose emission has previously been resolved as 2 sources: HAWC J2031+415 and HAWC J2030+409. While HAWC J2030+409 has since been associated with the \emph{Fermi-LAT} Cygnus Cocoon, no such association for HAWC J2031+415 has yet been found. In this work, we investigate the spectrum and energy-dependent morphology of HAWC J2031+415. We associate HAWC J2031+415 with the pulsar PSR J2032+4127 and perform a combined multi-wavelength analysis using radio, X-ray, and $\gamma$-ray emission. We conclude that HAWC J2031+415 and, by extension, TeV J2032+4130 are most probably a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J2032+4127.
Published: 2024
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11. Topological reconstruction of sampled surfaces via Morse theory

Author: Coltraro, Franco, Amorós, Jaume, Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, and Torras, Carme
Subjects: Computer Science - Computational Geometry, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Mathematics - Algebraic Topology
Abstract: In this work, we study the perception problem for sampled surfaces (possibly with boundary) using tools from computational topology, specifically, how to identify their underlying topology starting from point-cloud samples in space, such as those obtained with 3D scanners. We present a reconstruction algorithm based on a careful topological study of the point sample that allows us to obtain a cellular decomposition of it using a Morse function. No triangulation or local implicit equations are used as intermediate steps, avoiding in this way reconstruction-induced artifices. The algorithm can be run without any prior knowledge of the surface topology, density or regularity of the point-sample. The results consist of a piece-wise decomposition of the given surface as a union of Morse cells (i.e. topological disks), suitable for tasks such as mesh-independent reparametrization or noise-filtering, and a small-rank cellular complex determining the topology of the surface. The algorithm, which we test with several real and synthetic surfaces, can be applied to smooth surfaces with or without boundary, embedded in an ambient space of any dimension., Comment: 39 pages, 17 figures, 1 table, 1 algorithm, 1 appendix
Published: 2024

12. Performance of the HAWC Observatory and TeV Gamma-Ray Measurements of the Crab Nebula with Improved Extensive Air Shower Reconstruction Algorithms

Author: Albert, A ., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Andrés, A ., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L ., DuVernois, M. A., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C ., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Goksu, H ., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J ., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A ., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T ., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U ., Noriega-Papaqui, R ., Olivera-Nieto, L ., Omodei, N., Osorio, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E ., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schwefer, G ., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W ., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E ., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Whitaker, K., Willox, E., Wu, H., Yu, S ., Yun-Cárcamo, S., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory located on the side of the Sierra Negra volcano in Mexico, has been fully operational since 2015. The HAWC collaboration has recently significantly improved their extensive-air-shower reconstruction algorithms, which has notably advanced the observatory performance. The energy resolution for primary gamma rays with energies below 1~TeV was improved by including a noise-suppression algorithm. Corrections have also been made to systematic errors in direction fitting related to the detector and shower plane inclinations, $\mathcal{O}(0.1^{\circ})$ biases in highly inclined showers, as well as enhancements to the core reconstruction. The angular resolution for gamma rays approaching the HAWC array from large zenith angles ($> 37^{\circ}$) has improved by a factor of four at the highest energies ($> 70$~TeV) as compared to previous reconstructions. The inclusion of a lateral distribution function fit to the extensive air shower footprint on the array to separate gamma-ray primaries from cosmic-ray ones, based on the resulting $\chi^{2}$ values, improved the background rejection performance at all inclinations. At large zenith angles, the improvement in significance is a factor of four compared to previous HAWC publications. These enhancements have been verified by observing the Crab Nebula, which is an overhead source for the HAWC Observatory. We show that the sensitivity to Crab-like point sources ($E^{-2.63}$) with locations overhead to 30$^{\circ}$ zenith is comparable or less than 10\% of the Crab Nebula's flux between 2 and 50~TeV. Thanks to these improvements, HAWC can now detect more sources, including the Galactic Center.
Published: 2024

13. Multiplier ideals of meromorphic functions in dimension two

Author: Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, Montaner, Josep Àlvarez, and Gómez-López, Roger
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics - Commutative Algebra
Abstract: We provide an effective method to compute multiplier ideals of meromorphic functions in dimension two. We also prove that meromorphic functions only have integer jumping numbers after reaching some threshold., Comment: 12 pages, 0 figures
Published: 2024

14. Limit distribution of Hodge spectral exponents of irreducible plane curve singularities

Author: Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, Montaner, Josep Àlvarez, and Gómez-López, Roger
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics - Commutative Algebra
Abstract: We study the distribution of the Hodge spectral exponents of an irreducible plane curve by comparing it with a continuous distribution. We provide a closed formula for this difference in terms of numerical invariants of the curve. We characterize those families of irreducible plane curves whose limit distribution of Hodge spectral exponents is the continuous distribution and we provide intervals of dominating values., Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

15. Search for joint multimessenger signals from potential Galactic PeVatrons with HAWC and IceCube

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Ergin, T., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Omodei, N., Osorio, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Whitaker, K., Willox, E., Wu, H., Yun-Cárcamo, S., Zhou, H., de León, C., Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S. K., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Alameddine, J. M., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Argüelles, C., Ashida, Y., Athanasiadou, S., Ausborm, L., Axani, S. N., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Baricevic, M., Barwick, S. W., Bash, S., Basu, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Tjus, J. Becker, Beise, J., Bellenghi, C., Benning, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Blaufuss, E., Bloom, L., Blot, S., Bontempo, F., Motzkin, J. Y. Book, Meneguolo, C. Boscolo, Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Braun, J., Brinson, B., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Brusa, L., Burley, R. T., Butterfield, D., Campana, M. A., Caracas, I., Carloni, K., Carpio, J., Chattopadhyay, S., Chau, N., Chen, Z., Chirkin, D., Choi, S., Clark, B. A., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Connolly, A., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Corley, R., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., Delgado, D., Deng, S., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., DeYoung, T., Diaz, A., Dierichs, P., Dittmer, M., Domi, A., Draper, L., Dujmovic, H., Dutta, K., DuVernois, M. A., Ehrhardt, T., Eidenschink, L., Eimer, A., Eller, P., Ellinger, E., Mentawi, S. El, Elsässer, D., Engel, R., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evenson, P. A., Farrag, K., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feigl, N., Fiedlschuster, S., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Fukami, S., Fürst, P., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Garcia, M., Garg, G., Genton, E., Gerhardt, L., Ghadimi, A., Girard-Carillo, C., Glaser, C., Glüsenkamp, T., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Granados, A., Grant, D., Gray, S. J., Gries, O., Griffin, S., Griswold, S., Groth, K. M., Günther, C., Gutjahr, P., Ha, C., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hamdaoui, H., Minh, M. Ha, Handt, M., Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Hatch, P., Haungs, A., Häußler, J., Helbing, K., Hellrung, J., Hermannsgabner, J., Heuermann, L., Heyer, N., Hickford, S., Hidvegi, A., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hori, S., Hoshina, K., Hostert, M., Hou, W., Huber, T., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., Hymon, K., Ishihara, A., Iwakiri, W., Jacquart, M., Janik, O., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jin, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kamp, N., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Kardum, L., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katil, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Kelley, J. L., Khanal, M., Zathul, A. Khatee, Kheirandish, A., Kiryluk, J., Klein, S. R., Kochocki, A., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Kontrimas, T., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Kozynets, T., Krishnamoorthi, J., Kruiswijk, K., Krupczak, E., Kumar, A., Kun, E., Kurahashi, N., Lad, N., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Lamoureux, M., Larson, M. J., Latseva, S., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Lee, J. W., DeHolton, K. Leonard, Leszczyńska, A., Liao, J., Lincetto, M., Liu, Y. T., Liubarska, M., Lohfink, E., Love, C., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Madsen, J., Magnus, E., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Manao, E., Mancina, S., Sainte, W. Marie, Mariş, I. C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Marsee, M., Martinez-Soler, I., Maruyama, R., Mayhew, F., McNally, F., Mead, J. V., Meagher, K., Mechbal, S., Medina, A., Meier, M., Merckx, Y., Merten, L., Micallef, J., Mitchell, J., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morii, Y., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Mukherjee, T., Naab, R., Nagai, R., Nakos, M., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Negi, A., Neste, L., Neumann, M., Niederhausen, H., Noda, K., Noell, A., Novikov, A., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, O'Dell, V., Oeyen, B., Olivas, A., Orsoe, R., Osborn, J., O'Sullivan, E., Pandya, H., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pernice, T., Peterson, J., Philippen, S., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Pontén, A., Popovych, Y., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Pries, B., Procter-Murphy, R., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Rack-Helleis, J., Ravn, M., Rawlins, K., Rechav, Z., Rehman, A., Reichherzer, P., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Riedel, B., Rifaie, A., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Rodan, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rosted, A., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ruohan, L., Ryckbosch, D., Safa, I., Saffer, J., Sampathkumar, P., Sandrock, A., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Savelberg, J., Savina, P., Schaile, P., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schindler, S., Schlüter, B., Schlüter, F., Schmeisser, N., Schmidt, T., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seikh, M., Seo, M., Seunarine, S., Myhr, P. Sevle, Shah, R., Shefali, S., Shimizu, N., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Søgaard, A., Soldin, D., Soldin, P., Sommani, G., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Thiesmeyer, M., Thompson, W. G., Thwaites, J., Tilav, S., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Turcotte, R., Twagirayezu, J. P., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Upadhyay, A. K., Upshaw, K., Vaidyanathan, A., Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Vara, J., Veitch-Michaelis, J., Venugopal, M., Vereecken, M., Verpoest, S., Veske, D., Vijai, A., Walck, C., Wang, A., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weldert, J., Wen, A. Y., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Witthaus, L., Wolf, A., Wolf, M., Wrede, G., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yildizci, E., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Yu, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Zhelnin, P., Zilberman, P., and Zimmerman, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Galactic PeVatrons are sources that can accelerate cosmic rays to PeV energies. The high-energy cosmic rays are expected to interact with the surrounding ambient material or radiation, resulting in the production of gamma rays and neutrinos. To optimize for the detection of such associated production of gamma rays and neutrinos for a given source morphology and spectrum, a multi-messenger analysis that combines gamma rays and neutrinos is required. In this study, we use the Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework (3ML) with IceCube Maximum Likelihood Analysis software (i3mla) and HAWC Accelerated Likelihood (HAL) to search for a correlation between 22 known gamma-ray sources from the third HAWC gamma-ray catalog and 14 years of IceCube track-like data. No significant neutrino emission from the direction of the HAWC sources was found. We report the best-fit gamma-ray model and 90% CL neutrino flux limit from the 22 sources. From the neutrino flux limit, we conclude that the gamma-ray emission from five of the sources can not be produced purely from hadronic interactions. We report the limit for the fraction of gamma rays produced by hadronic interactions for these five sources.
Published: 2024

16. Galactic Gamma-Ray Diffuse Emission at TeV energies with HAWC Data

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Babu, R., Baghmanyan, V., Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carraminana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de Leon, S. Coutino, De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Dıaz-Velez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., Galvan-Gamez, A., Garcıa-Gonzalez, J. A., Garfias, F., Gonzalez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Vargas, H. Leon, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martınez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Perez-Perez, E. G., Rosa-Gonzalez, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Urena-Mena, F., Villasenor, L., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de Leon, C., Fornieri, O., Gaggero, D., Grasso, D., Marinelli, A., and Ventura, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission (GDE) is emitted by cosmic rays (CRs), ultra-relativistic protons and electrons, interacting with gas and electromagnetic radiation fields in the interstellar medium. Here we present the analysis of TeV diffuse emission from a region of the Galactic Plane over the range in longitude of $l\in[43^\circ,73^\circ]$, using data collected with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) detector. Spectral, longitudinal and latitudinal distributions of the TeV diffuse emission are shown. The radiation spectrum is compatible with the spectrum of the emission arising from a CR population with an "index" similar to that of the observed CRs. When comparing with the \texttt{DRAGON} \textit{base model}, the HAWC GDE flux is higher by about a factor of two. Unresolved sources such as pulsar wind nebulae and TeV halos could explain the excess emission. Finally, deviations of the Galactic CR flux from the locally measured CR flux may additionally explain the difference between the predicted and measured diffuse fluxes.
Published: 2023

17. An updated survey of Active Galaxies with the HAWC gamma-ray observatory

Author: Ureña-Mena, Fernando, Carramiñana, Alberto, Rosa-González, Daniel, Longinotti, Anna Lia, and Collaboration, HAWC
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present an update of the survey of Active Galaxies with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory. This work adds 567 days of HAWC data to the previously published survey, providing a refined analysis of an updated total exposure of 2090 days. The sample includes 138 nearby AGNs from the 3FHL catalog. We fit a modified power-law to their very high energy spectra, including the exponential attenuation caused by the Extragalactic Background Light. We found four sources with significant detections (above 5$\sigma$): the radio galaxy M87 and the BL Lac objects Mkn 421, Mkn 501 and 1ES 1215+303. We also report eight sources with a marginal detection (between 3$\sigma$ and 5$\sigma$) of which seven are classified as BL Lac objects and one as a radio galaxy., Comment: Contribution to the International Cosmic Ray Conference ICRC 2023. 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2023
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18. Study of the long-term Very High Energy emission of the blazars 1ES 1215+3031 and VER J0521+211 with the HAWC gamma-ray observatory

Author: Ureña-Mena, Fernando, Carramiñana, Alberto, Longinotti, Anna Lia, Rosa-González, Daniel, and Collaboration, HAWC
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Blazars are the most abundant type of extragalactic gamma-ray source, usually presenting high variability across the electromagnetic spectrum. Their Very High Energy (VHE, above 0.1 TeV) emission has been studied in detail using Air Cherenkov Telescopes, with observations biased to flaring periods while their average activity has not been properly characterized. In this work, we report the results of 2090 days of quasi-continuous observations of the blazars 1ES 1215+303 and VER J0521+211, carried out with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory. Fitting a power-law attenuated by photon-photon interaction with the extragalactic background light, we obtained a 6.2 $\sigma$ level detection for 1ES 1215+303 and a 4.3 $\sigma$ marginal detection for VER J0521+211. With the inclusion of the HAWC TeV spectrum, we built quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength spectral distributions and fitted a leptonic emission model to the observed data., Comment: Contribution to the International Cosmic Ray Conference ICRC 2023. 7 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2023
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19. HAWC Study of Very-High-Energy $\gamma$-ray Spectrum of HAWC J1844-034

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Albert, A., Alvarez, C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Breuhaus, M., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Hüntemeyer, P., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Recently, the region surrounding eHWC J1842-035 has been studied extensively by gamma-ray observatories due to its extended emission reaching up to a few hundred TeV and potential as a hadronic accelerator. In this work, we use 1,910 days of cumulative data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a dedicated systematic source search of the eHWC J1842-035 region. During the search we have found three sources in the region, namely, HAWC J1844-034, HAWC J1843-032, and HAWC J1846-025. We have identified HAWC J1844-034 as the extended source that emits photons with energies up to 175 TeV. We compute the spectrum for HAWC J1844-034 and by comparing with the observational results from other experiments, we have identified HESS J1843-033, LHAASO J1843-0338, and TASG J1844-038 as very-high-energy gamma-ray sources with a matching origin. Also, we present and use the multi-wavelength data to fit the hadronic and leptonic particle spectra. We have identified four pulsar candidates in the nearby region from which PSR J1844-0346 is found to be the most likely candidate due to its proximity to HAWC J1844-034 and the computed energy budget. We have also found SNR G28.6-0.1 as a potential counterpart source of HAWC J1844-034 for which both leptonic and hadronic scenarios are feasible., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, published in ApJ
Published: 2023
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20. Search for Decaying Dark Matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies with HAWC

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, Depaoli, D., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Schneider, M., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., and Yun-Cárcamo, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The decay or annihilation of dark matter particles may produce a steady flux of very-high-energy gamma rays detectable above the diffuse background. Nearby clusters of galaxies provide excellent targets to search for the signatures of particle dark matter interactions. In particular, the Virgo cluster spans several degrees across the sky and can be efficiently probed with a wide field-of-view instrument. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, due to its wide field of view and sensitivity to gamma rays at an energy scale of 300 GeV--100 TeV is well-suited for this search. Using 2141 days of data, we search for gamma-ray emission from the Virgo cluster, assuming well-motivated dark matter sub-structure models. Our results provide some of the strongest constraints on the decay lifetime of dark matter for masses above 10 TeV., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Published: 2023

21. Is perioperative COVID-19 really associated with worse surgical outcomes among vaccinated patients?

Author: Carramiñana-Nuño, R., Borrego-Estella, V., Inaraja-Pérez, G. C., Medina-Mora, L., Gasós-García, M., Otero-Romero, D., Delfau-Lafuente, D., Valero-Lázaro, M. I., Lete-Aguirre, N., and Arribas-del-Amo, M. D.
Published: 2024
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22. An optimized search for dark matter in the galactic halo with HAWC

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carraminana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Dıaz-Velez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., Garcıa-Gonzalez, J. A., Garfias, F., Gonzalez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kunde, G. J., Lee, J., Vargas, H. Leon, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Lundeen, J., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martınez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Peisker, A., Perez-Perez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-Gonzalez, D., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Urena-Mena, F., Villasenor, L., Wang, X., Zhou, H., and de Leon, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The Galactic Halo is a key target for indirect dark matter detection. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a high-energy (~300 GeV to >100 TeV) gamma-ray detector located in central Mexico. HAWC operates via the water Cherenkov technique and has both a wide field of view of 2 sr and a >95% duty cycle, making it ideal for analyses of highly extended sources. We made use of these properties of HAWC and a new background-estimation technique optimized for extended sources to probe a large region of the Galactic Halo for dark matter signals. With this approach, we set improved constraints on dark matter annihilation and decay between masses of 10 and 100 TeV. Due to the large spatial extent of the HAWC field of view, these constraints are robust against uncertainties in the Galactic dark matter spatial profile., Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023

23. A Contribution of the HAWC Observatory to the TeV era in the High Energy Gamma-Ray Astrophysics: The case of the TeV-Halos

Author: Torres-Escobedo, Ramiro, Zhou, Hao, de la Fuente, Eduardo, Abeysekara, A. U., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Álvarez, J. D., Camacho, J. R. Angeles, Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Baghmanyan, V., Barber, A. S., Gonzalez, J. Becerra, Belmont-Moreno, E., BenZvi, S. Y., Berley, D., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, de León, C., Diaz-Cruz, L., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dingus, B. L., Durocher, M., DuVernois, M. A., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fick, B., Fleischhack, H., Flores, J. L., Fraija, N. I., Garcia, D., García-González, J. A., García-Torales, G., Garfias, F., Giacinti, G., Goksu, H., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Humensky, B., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Jhee, H., Joshi, V., Kieda, D., Kunde, G J., Kunwar, S., Lara, A., Lee, J., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J., Longinotti, A. L., López-Coto, R., Luis-Raya, G., Lundeen, J., Malone, K., Marandon, V., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Huerta, H., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A. J., McEnery, J., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rivière, C., Rosa-Gonzalez, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Ryan, J., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Serna-Franco, J., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Taboada, I., Tanner, M., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Weisgarber, T., Werner, F., Willox, E., Wood, J., Yodh, G. B., and Zepeda, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present a short overview of the TeV-Halos objects as a discovery and a relevant contribution of the High Altitude Water \v{C}erenkov (HAWC) observatory to TeV astrophysics. We discuss history, discovery, knowledge, and the next step through a new and more detailed analysis than the original study in 2017. TeV-Halos will contribute to resolving the problem of the local positron excess observed on the Earth. To clarify the latter, understanding the diffusion process is mandatory., Comment: Work presented in the 21st International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions(ISVHECRI 2022) as part of the Ph. D. Thesis of Ramiro Torres-Escobedo (SJTU, Shanghai, China). Accepted for publication in SciPost Physics Proceedings (ISSN 2666-4003). 11 pages, 3 Figures. Short overview of HAWC and TeV Halos objects until 2022
Published: 2023

24. The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory in M\'exico: The Primary Detector

Author: Abeysekara, A. U., Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Álvarez, C., Álvarez, J. D., Araya, M., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Barber, A. S., Becerril, A., Belmont-Moreno, E., BenZvi, S. Y., Blanco, O., Braun, J., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Martínez, J. I. Cabrera, Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Castillo, M., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, de la Fuente, E., de León, C., De Young, T., Hernández, R. Díaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fick, U. B., Fleischhack, H., Flores, J. L., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., García-Torales, G., Garfias, F., Giacinti, G., Goksu, H., González, M. M., González-Muñoz, A., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernández, E., Hernández, S., Hinton, J., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Imran, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Lauer, R., Lee, W. H., Lennarz, D., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Lundeen, J., Malone, K., Marandon, V., Marinelli, A., Martínez, O., Martínez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Martínez-Huerta, H., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montaruli, T., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Oceguera-Becerra, T., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Ponce, E., Pretz, J., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Serna-Franco, J., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Woodle, K. Sparks, Springer, R. W., Taboada, I., Tepe, A., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Ukwatta, T. N., Varela, E., Vargas-Magaña, M., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Willox, E., Wisher, I., Wood, J., Yodh, G. B., Zaborov, D., Zepeda, A., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a second-generation continuously operated, wide field-of-view, TeV gamma-ray observatory. The HAWC observatory and its analysis techniques build on experience of the Milagro experiment in using ground-based water Cherenkov detectors for gamma-ray astronomy. HAWC is located on the Sierra Negra volcano in M\'exico at an elevation of 4100 meters above sea level. The completed HAWC observatory principal detector (HAWC) consists of 300 closely spaced water Cherenkov detectors, each equipped with four photomultiplier tubes to provide timing and charge information to reconstruct the extensive air shower energy and arrival direction. The HAWC observatory has been optimized to observe transient and steady emission from sources of gamma rays within an energy range from several hundred GeV to several hundred TeV. However, most of the air showers detected are initiated by cosmic rays, allowing studies of cosmic rays also to be performed. This paper describes the characteristics of the HAWC main array and its hardware., Comment: Accepted for publications in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A (2023) 168253 ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168900223002437 ); 39 pages, 14 Figures
Published: 2023
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25. A novel collision model for inextensible textiles and its experimental validation

Author: Coltraro, Franco, Amorós, Jaume, Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, and Torras, Carme
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Graphics, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, 70F35, 68U20, 90C20
Abstract: In this work, we introduce a collision model specifically tailored for the simulation of inextensible textiles. The model considers friction, contacts, and inextensibility constraints all at the same time without any decoupling. Self-collisions are modeled in a natural way that allows considering the thickness of cloth without introducing unwanted oscillations. The discretization of the equations of motion leads naturally to a sequence of quadratic problems with inequality and equality constraints. In order to solve these problems efficiently, we develop a novel active-set algorithm that takes into account past active constraints to accelerate the resolution of unresolved contacts. We put to a test the developed collision procedure with diverse scenarios involving static and dynamic friction, sharp objects, and complex-topology folding sequences. Finally, we perform an experimental validation of the collision model by comparing simulations with recordings of real textiles as given by a $\textit{Motion Capture System}$. The results are very accurate, having errors around 1 cm for DIN A2 textiles (42 x 59.4 cm) even in difficult scenarios involving fast and strong hits with a rigid object., Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, 1 algorithm
Published: 2023

26. Detailed Analysis of the TeV {\gamma}-Ray Sources 3HWC J1928+178, 3HWC J1930+188, and the New Source HAWC J1932+192

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrń, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., CoutiñodeLeón, S., De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Goksu, H., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hinton, J., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lee, W. H., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., López-Coto, R., Malone, K., Marandon, V., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Werner, F., Willox, E., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The latest High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) point-like source catalog up to 56 TeV reported the detection of two sources in the region of the Galactic plane at galactic longitude 52\deg < l < 55\deg, 3HWC J1930+188 and 3HWC J1928+178. The first one is associated with a known TeV source, the supernova remnant SNR G054.1+00.3. It was discovered by one of the currently operating Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT), the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), and identified as a composite SNR. However, the source 3HWC J1928+178, discovered by HAWC and coincident with the pulsar PSR J1928+1746, was not detected by any IACT despite their long exposure on the region, until a recent new analysis of H.E.S.S. data was able to confirm it. Moreover, no X-ray counterpart has been detected from this pulsar. We present a multicomponent fit of this region using the latest HAWC data. This reveals an additional new source, HAWC J1932+192, which is potentially associated with the pulsar PSR J1932+1916, whose gamma-ray emission could come from the acceleration of particles in its pulsar wind nebula. In the case of 3HWC J1928+178, several possible explanations are explored, in a attempt to unveil the origins of the very-high-energy gamma-ray emission.
Published: 2023
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27. Searching for TeV Dark Matter in Irregular dwarf galaxies with HAWC Observatory

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Omodei, N., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de León, C., Gammaldi, V., Karukes, E., and Salucci, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of dark matter (DM) searches in a sample of 31 dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies within the field of view of the HAWC Observatory. dIrr galaxies are DM dominated objects, which astrophysical gamma-ray emission is estimated to be negligible with respect to the secondary gamma-ray flux expected by annihilation or decay of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). While we do not see any statistically significant DM signal in dIrr galaxies, we present the exclusion limits ($95\%~\text{C.L.}$) for annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime for WIMP candidates with masses between $1$ and $100~\text{TeV}$. Exclusion limits from dIrr galaxies are relevant and complementary to benchmark dwarf Spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. In fact, dIrr galaxies are targets kinematically different from benchmark dSph, preserving the footprints of different evolution histories. We compare the limits from dIrr galaxies to those from ultrafaint and classical dSph galaxies previously observed with HAWC. We find that the contraints are comparable to the limits from classical dSph galaxies and $\thicksim2$ orders of magnitude weaker than the ultrafaint dSph limits., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2023
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28. HAWC Detection of a TeV Halo Candidate Surrounding a Radio-quiet pulsar

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Belmont-Moreno, E., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., Fang, K., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Jardin-Blicq, Armelle, González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Lara, A., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Wang, X., Whitaker, K., Willox, E., Zhou, H., and de León, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Extended very-high-energy (VHE; 0.1-100 TeV) $\gamma$-ray emission has been observed around several middle-aged pulsars and referred to as ``TeV halos". Their formation mechanism remains under debate. It is also unknown whether they are ubiquitous or related to certain subgroup of pulsars. With 2321 days of observation, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory detected VHE $\gamma$-ray emission at the location of the radio-quiet pulsar PSR J0359+5414 with $>6\sigma$ significance. By performing likelihood tests with different spectral and spatial models and comparing the TeV spectrum with multi-wavelength observations of nearby sources, we show that this excess is consistent with a TeV halo associated with PSR J0359+5414, though future observation of HAWC and multi-wavelength follow-ups are needed to confirm this nature. This new halo candidate is located in a non-crowded region in the outer Galaxy. It shares similar properties to the other halos but its pulsar is younger and radio-quiet. Our observation implies that TeV halos could commonly exist around pulsars and their formation does not depend on the configuration of the pulsar magnetosphere.
Published: 2023
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29. The TeV Sun Rises: Discovery of Gamma rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carraminana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de Leon, S. Coutino, De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Diaz-Velez, J. C., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Alonso, M. Fernandez, Fleischhack, H., Fraija, N., Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A., Garfia, F., Gonzalez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Huntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lee, J., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Perez-Perez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-Gonzalez, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Urena-Mena, F., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Yun-Cárcamo, S., Zhou, H., de León, C., Beacom, J. F., Linden, T., Ng, K. C. Y., Peter, A. H. G., and Zhou, B.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the first detection of a TeV gamma-ray flux from the solar disk (6.3$\sigma$), based on 6.1 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. The 0.5--2.6 TeV spectrum is well fit by a power law, dN/dE = $A (E/1 \text{ TeV})^{-\gamma}$, with $A = (1.6 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{-12}$ TeV$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and $\gamma = -3.62 \pm 0.14$. The flux shows a strong indication of anticorrelation with solar activity. These results extend the bright, hard GeV emission from the disk observed with Fermi-LAT, seemingly due to hadronic Galactic cosmic rays showering on nuclei in the solar atmosphere. However, current theoretical models are unable to explain the details of how solar magnetic fields shape these interactions. HAWC's TeV detection thus deepens the mysteries of the solar-disk emission., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures including supplementary material. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2022
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30. High Positive End-expiratory Pressure (PEEP) with Recruitment Maneuvers versus Low PEEP during General Anesthesia for Surgery: A Bayesian Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Three Randomized Clinical Trials

Author: Mazzinari, Guido, Zampieri, Fernando G., Ball, Lorenzo, Campos, Niklas S., Bluth, Thomas, Hemmes, Sabrine N. T., Ferrando, Carlos, Librero, Julian, Soro, Marina, Pelosi, Paolo, Gama de Abreu, Marcelo, Schultz, Marcus J., Serpa Neto, Ary, Campos, Niklas S., Bluth, Thomas, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Ferrando, Carlos, Pelosi, Paolo, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Schultz, Marcus J., Neto, Ary Serpa, Campos, Niklas S., Bluth, Thomas, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Librero, Julian, Pozo, Natividad, Ferrando, Carlos, Ball, Lorenzo, Mazzinari, Guido, Pelosi, Paolo, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Schultz, Marcus J., Neto, Ary Serpa, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Gama de Abreu, Marcelo, Severgnini, Paolo, Hollmann, Markus W., Binnekade, Jan M., Wrigge, Hermann, Canet, Jaume, Hiesmayr, Michael, Schmid, Werner, Tschernko, Edda, Jaber, Samir, Hedenstierna, Göran, Putensen, Christian, Pelosi, Paolo, Schultz, Marcus J., Marti, Agnes, Bacuzzi, Alessandro, Brodhun, Alexander, Molin, Alexandre, Merten, Alfred, Parera, Ana, Brunelli, Andrea, Cortegiani, Andrea, Güldner, Andreas, Reske, Andreas W., Gratarola, Angelo, Giarratano, Antonino, Bastin, Bea, Heyse, Bjorn, Mazul-Sunko, Branka, Amantea, Bruno, Barberis, Bruno, Putensen, Christian, Uhlig, Christopher, Minguez Marín, Conrado, Celentano, Cristian, La Bella, Daniela, D’Antini, David, Velghe, David, Sulemanji, Demet, De Robertis, Edoardo, Hartmann, Eric, Montalto, Francesca, Tropea, Francesco, Mills, Gary H., Cinnella, Gilda, Rocca, Giorgio Della, Caggianelli, Girolamo, Pellerano, Giulia, Mollica, Giuseppina, Bugedo, Guillermo, Wrigge, Hermann, Mulier, Jan-Paul, Vandenbrande, Jeroen, Geib, Johann, Yaqub, Jonathan, Florez, Jorge, Mayoral, Juan F., Sprung, Juraj, Van Limmen, Jurgen, Bos, Lieuwe D.J., de Baerdemaeker, Luc, Jamaer, Luc, Spagnolo, Luigi, Strys, Lydia, Granell Gil, Manuel, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Vidal Melo, Marcos F., Schultz, Marcus J., Unzueta, Maria Carmen, Moral, Maria Victoria, Ferner, Marion, Hollmann, Markus W., Weiss, Martin, Vanoni, Massimo, Schaefer, Maximilian S., Prieto, Mercè, Grio, Michele, Severgnini, Paolo, Spieth, Peter Markus, Simon, Philipp, Bodger, Phoebe, Sierra, Pilar, Laufenberg-Feldmann, Rita, Rusca, Roberta, Proietti, Rodolfo, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Raineri, Santi Maurizio, Caroleo, Santo, Sabaté, Sergi, De Hert, Stefan, Pezzato, Stefano, Treschan, Tanja A., Goranovic, Tatjana, Koch, Thea, Bluth, Thomas, Kiss, Thomas, Perilli, Valter, Cegarra, Virginia, Schmid, Werner, Ferrando, Carlos, Belda, Javier, Soro, Marina, Canet, Jaume, Unzueta, Carmen, Suarez-Sipmann, Fernando, Librero, Julián, Llombart, Alicia, Rovira, Lucas, Granell, Manuel, Aldecoa, César, Diaz-Cambronero, Oscar, Balust, Jaume, Garutti, Ignacio, Gonzalez, Rafael, Gallego, Lucia, del Valle, Santiago Garcia, Redondo, Javier, Pestaña, David, Rodríguez, Aurelio, García, Javier, de la Matta, Manuel, Ibáñez, Maite, Barrios, Francisco, Hernández, Samuel, Torres, Vicente, Peiró, Salvador, Pozo, Natividad, Villena, Abigail, Carramiñana, Albert, Gallego-Casilda, Alberto, Duca, Alejandro, Alcón, Amalia, Miñana, Amanda, Asensio, Ana, Colás, Ana, Isabel Galve, Ana, Izquierdo, Ana, Jurado, Ana, María Pérez, Ana, Mugarra, Ana, Parera, Ana, Brunelli, Andrea, Gutierrez, Andrea, De Miguel, Ángeles, Lozano, Angels, Katime, Antonio, Romero, Antonio, Garrigues, Beatriz, Ayas, Begoña, Arocas, Blanca, Delgado, Carlos, Fernández, Carmen, Romero, Carolina, Gallego, Clara, Garcés, Cristina, Lisbona, Cristina, Parrilla, Cristina, López-Herrera, Daniel, González, Domingo, Llamazares, Eduardo, Del Rio, Elena, Lozano, Elena, Pastor, Ernesto, Chamorro, Estefanía, Gracia, Estefanía, Sánchez, Ester, Romero, Esther, Díez, Fernando, Serralta, Ferran, Daviu, Francisco, Sandín, Francisco, Aguilar, Gerardo, Tusman, Gerardo, Azparren, Gonzalo, Martínez-Pallí, Graciela, Mazzinari, Guido, Benítez, Inmaculada, Hernandéz, Inmaculada, India, Inmaculada, León, Irene, Fuentes, Isabel, Ruiz, Isabel, Puig, Jaume, Ignacio Román, Javie, Acosta, Jesús, Rico, Jesús, Olmedo, Jonathan, Carbonell, Jose A., Alonso, Jose M., María Pérez, Jose, Miguel Marcos, Jose, Navarro, Jose, Valdivia, Jose, Carrizo, Juan, Piqueras, Laura, Soriano, Laura, Vaquero, Laura, Miguel, Lisset, Muñoz, Lorena, Valencia, Lucia, Olmedilla, Luis, Etulain, Ma Justina, Tisner, Manuel, Barrio, María, Dolores Alonso, María, García, María, Hernández, María J., José Alberola, María, Parra, María, Pilar Argente, María, Vila, María, De Fez, Mario, Agilaga, Marta, Gine, Marta, Ayuso, Mercedes, García, Mercedes, Bejarano, Natalia, Peña, Natalia, Ojeda, Nazario, Martínez, Nilda, García, Nuria, Padrón, Oto, García, Pablo, Valls, Paola, Cruz, Patricia, Piñeiro, Patricia, Charco, Pedro, Anaya, Rafael, López, Ramiro, Rodríguez, Rayco, Martínez, Rocío, Pujol, Roger, Dosdá, Rosa, Lardies, Rosa, Díaz, Ruben, Villazala, Rubén, Zapatero, Sara, Cabrera, Sergio, Sánchez, Sergio, Martin, Silvia, Diaz, Suzana, Franco, Tania, Moreno, Tania, Socorro, Tania, Gilabert, Vicente, Balandrón, Victor, Moral, Victoria, Cegarra, Virgina, Varón, Viviana, Bluth, Thomas, Serpa Neto, Ary, Bobek, Ilona, Canet, Jaume, Cinnella, Gilda, de Baerdemaeker, Luc, Gregoretti, Cesare, Hedenstierna, Göran, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Hiesmayr, Michael, Hollmann, Markus W., Jaber, Samir, Laffey, John, Licker, Marc-Joseph, Markstaller, Klaus, Matot, Idit, Mills, Gary H., Mulier, Jan Paul, Putensen, Christian, Rossaint, Rolf, Schmitt, Jochen, Senturk, Mert, Severgnini, Paolo, Sprung, Juraj, Vidal Melo, Marcos F., Wrigge, Hermann, Schultz, Marcus J., Pelosi, Paolo, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Abelha, Fernando, Abitağaoğlu, Sühayla, Achilles, Marc, Adebesin, Afeez, Adriaensens, Ine, Ahene, Charles, Akbar, Fatima, Al Harbi, Mohammed, Al Khoury al Kallab, Rita, Albanel, Xavier, Aldenkortt, Florence, Alfouzan, Rawan Abdullah Saleh, Alruqaie, Reef, Altermatt, Fernando, Araujo, Bruno Luís de Castro, Arbesú, Genaro, Artsi, Hanna, Aurilio, Caterina, Ayanoglu, Omer Hilmi, Bacuzzi, Alessandro, Baig, Harris, Baird, Yolanda, Balonov, Konstantin, Balust, Jaume, Banks, Samantha, Bao, Xiaodong, Baumgartner, Mélanie, Belda Tortosa, Isabel, Bergamaschi, Alice, Bergmann, Lars, Bigatello, Luca, Biosca Pérez, Elena, Birr, Katja, Bluth, Thomas, Bojaxhi, Elird, Bonenti, Chiara, Bonney, Iwona, Bos, Elke M.E., Bowman, Sara, Braz, Leandro Gobbo, Brugnoni, Elisa, Brull, Sorin J., Brunetti, Iole, Bruni, Andrea, Buenvenida, Shonie L., Busch, Cornelius Johannes, Camerini, Giovanni, Canet, Jaume, Capatti, Beatrice, Carmona, Javiera, Carungcong, Jaime, Carvalho, Marta, Cattan, Anat, Cavaleiro, Carla, Chiumello, Davide, Ciardo, Stefano, Coburn, Mark, Colella, Umberto, Contreras, Victor, Corman Dincer, Pelin, Cotter, Elizabeth, Crovetto, Marcia, Darrah, William, Davies, Simon, de Baerdemaeker, Luc, De Hert, Stefan, Del Cojo Peces, Enrique, Delphin, Ellise, Diaper, John, do Nascimento, Paulo, Jr., Donatiello, Valerio, Dong, Jing, Dourado, Maria do Socorro, Dullenkopf, Alexander, Ebner, Felix, Elgendy, Hamed, Ellenberger, Christoph, Erdoğan Ari, Dilek, Ermert, Thomas, Farah, Fadi, Fernandez-Bustamante, Ana, Ferreira, Cristina, Fiore, Marco, Fonte, Ana, Fortià Palahí, Christina, Galimberti, Andrea, Gama de Abreu, Marcelo, Garofano, Najia, Giaccari, Luca Gregorio, Gilsanz, Fernando, Girrbach, Felix, Gobbi, Luca, Godfried, Marc Bernard, Goettel, Nicolai, Goldstein, Peter A., Goren, Or, Gorlin, Andrew, Granell Gil, Manuel, Gratarola, Angelo, Graterol, Juan, Guyon, Pierre, Haire, Kevin, Harou, Philippe, Helf, Antonia, Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Hempel, Gunther, Hernández Cádiz, María José, Heyse, Björn, Hollmann, Markus W., Huercio, Ivan, Ilievska, Jasmina, Jakus, Lien, Jeganath, Vijay, Jelting, Yvonne, Jung, Minoa, Kabon, Barbara, Kacha, Aalok, Karaman Ilić, Maja, Karuppiah, Arunthevaraja, Kavas, Ayse Duygu, Keli Barcelos, Gleicy, Kellogg, Todd A., Kemper, Johann, Kerbrat, Romain, Khodr, Suraya, Kienbaum, Peter, Kir, Bunyamin, Kiss, Thomas, Kivrak, Selin, Klarić, Vlasta, Koch, Thea, Köksal, Ceren, Kowark, Ana, Kranke, Peter, Kuvaki, Bahar, Kuzmanovska, Biljana, Laffey, John, Lange, Mirko, Lemos, Marília Freitas de, Licker, Marc-Joseph, López-Baamonde, Manuel, López-Hernández, Antonio, Lopez-Martinez, Mercedes, Luise, Stéphane, MacGregor, Mark, Machado, Humberto S., Magalhães, Danielle, Maillard, Julien, Malerbi, Patrizia, Manimekalai, Natesan, Margarson, Michael, Markstaller, Klaus, Martin, Archer K, Martin, David P., Martin, Yvette N., Martínez-Ocon, Julia, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Maseda, Emilio, Matot, Idit, McAuliffe, Niamh, McKenzie, Travis J., Medina, Paulina, Meersch, Melanie, Menzen, Angelika, Mertens, Els, Meurer, Bernd, Meyer-Treschan, Tanja, Miao, Changhong, Micalizzi, Camilla, Milić, Morena, Módolo, Norma Sueli Pinheiro, Moine, Pierre, Mölders, Patrick, Montero-Feijoo, Ana, Moret, Enrique, Muller, Markus K, Murphy, Zoe, Nalwaya, Pramod, Filip, Naumovski, Navalesi, Paolo, Navarro e Lima, Lais Helena, Nesek Adam, Višnja, Neumann, Claudia, Newell, Christopher, Nisnevitch, Zoulfira, Nizamuddin, Junaid, Novazzi, Cecilia, Nunes, Catarina S, O’Connor, Michael, Oprea, Günther, Orhan Sungur, Mukadder, Özbilgin, Şule, Pace, Maria Caterina, Pacheco, Marcos, Packianathaswamy, Balaji, Palma Gonzalez, Estefania, Papaspyros, Fotios, Paredes, Sebastián, Passavanti, Maria Beatrice, Pedemonte, Juan Cristobal, Pelosi, Paolo, Peremin, Sanja, Philipsenburg, Christoph, Pinho, Daniela, Pinho, Silvia, Posthuma, Linda M., Pota, Vincenzo, Preckel, Benedikt, Priani, Paolo, Putensen, Christian, Rached, Mohamed Aymen, Radoeshki, Aleksandar, Ragazzi, Riccardo, Rajamanickam, Tamilselvan, Rajamohan, Arthi, Ramakrishna, Harish, Rangarajan, Desikan, Reiterer, Christian, Renew, J. Ross, Reynaud, Thomas, Rhys, Rhidian, Rivas, Eva, Robitzky, Luisa, Rossaint, Rolf, Rubulotta, Francesca, Sabbatini, Giovanni, Samuels, Jon D, Sanahuja, Josep Martí, Sansone, Pasquale, Santos, Alice, Sayedalahl, Mohamed, Schaefer, Maximilian S., Scharffenberg, Martin, Schiffer, Eduardo, Schliewe, Nadja, Schorer, Raoul, Schultz, Marcus J., Schumann, Roman, Selmo, Gabriele, Sendra, Mar, Senturk, Mert, Severgnini, Paolo, Shaw, Kate, Shosholcheva, Mirjana, Sibai, Abdulrazak, Simon, Philipp, Simonassi, Francesca, Sinno, Claudia, Sivrikoz, Nukhet, Skandalou, Vasiliki, Smith, Neil, Soares, Maria, Socorro Artiles, Tania, Sousa Castro, Diogo, Sousa, Miguel, Spadaro, Savino, Sprung, Juraj, Stamatakis, Emmanouil, Steiner, Luzius A., Stevenazzi, Andrea, Suarez-de-la-Rica, Alejandro, Suppan, Mélanie, Teichmann, Robert, Tena Guerrero, José Maria, Thiel, Bram, Tolós, Raquel, Tucci, Michelle, Turnbull, Zachary A., Turudić, Žana, Unterberg, Matthias, Van Limmen, Jurgen, Van Nieuwenhove, Yves, Van Waesberghe, Julia, Vidal Melo, Marcos Francisco, Vitković, Bibiana, Vivona, Luigi, Vizcaychipi, Marcela, Volta, Carlo Alberto, Weber, Anne, Weingarten, Toby N., Wittenstein, Jakob, Wrigge, Hermann, Wyffels, Piet, Yagüe, Julio, Yates, David, Yavru, Ayşen, Zac, Lilach, and Zhong, Jing
Published: 2025
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31. Polynomial Factorization Over Henselian Fields

Author: Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, Guàrdia, Jordi, Nart, Enric, Poteaux, Adrien, Roé, Joaquim, and Weimann, Martin
Published: 2024
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32. High Altitude characterization of the Hunga Pressure Wave with Cosmic Rays by the HAWC Observatory

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hernandez, S., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Nellen, L., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zhou, H., and de León, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: High-energy cosmic rays that hit the Earth can be used to study large-scale atmospheric perturbations. After a first interaction in the upper parts of the atmosphere, cosmic rays produce a shower of particles that sample the atmosphere down to the detector level. The HAWC (High-Altitude Water Cherenkov) cosmic-ray observatory in Central Mexico at 4,100 m elevation detects air shower particles continuously with 300 water Cherenkov detectors with an active area of 12,500 m$^{2}$. On January 15th, 2022, HAWC detected the passage of the pressure wave created by the explosion of the Hunga volcano in the Tonga islands, 9,000 km away, as an anomaly in the measured rate of shower particles. The HAWC measurements are used to characterize the shape of four pressure wave passages, determine the propagation speed of each one, and correlate the variations of the shower particle rates with the barometric pressure changes, extracting a barometric parameter. The profile of the shower particle rate and atmospheric pressure variations for the first transit of the pressure wave at HAWC is compared to the pressure measurements at Tonga island, near the volcanic explosion. This work opens the possibility of using large particle cosmic-ray air shower detectors to trace large atmospheric transient waves., Comment: Contact about this analysis: A. Sandoval (asandoval@fisica.unam.mx), A. Lara (alara@igeofisica.unam.mx) & H. Le\'on Vargas (hleonvar@fisica.unam.mx)
Published: 2022

33. Search for Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidences Using HAWC and ANTARES Data

Author: Solares, H. A. Ayala, Coutu, S., Cowen, D., Fox, D. B., Grégoire, T., McBride, F., Mostafá, M., Murase, K., Wissel, S., Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., García, J., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păaun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Wang, X., Whitaker, K., Willox, E., Zepeda, A., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: In the quest for high-energy neutrino sources, the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) has implemented a new search by combining data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch (ANTARES) neutrino telescope. Using the same analysis strategy as in a previous detector combination of HAWC and IceCube data, we perform a search for coincidences in HAWC and ANTARES events that are below the threshold for sending public alerts in each individual detector. Data were collected between July 2015 and February 2020 with a livetime of 4.39 years. Over this time period, 3 coincident events with an estimated false-alarm rate of $< 1$ coincidence per year were found. This number is consistent with background expectations., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2022
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34. Limits on the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background above 10 TeV with HAWC

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fraija, N., Garcia, D., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de León, C., and Álvarez, J. D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The high-energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background (DGRB) is expected to be produced by unresolved isotropically distributed astrophysical objects, potentially including dark matter annihilation or decay emissions in galactic or extragalactic structures. The DGRB has only been observed below 1 TeV; above this energy, upper limits have been reported. Observations or stringent limits on the DGRB above this energy could have significant multi-messenger implications, such as constraining the origin of TeV-PeV astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory, located in central Mexico at 4100 m above sea level, is sensitive to gamma rays from a few hundred GeV to several hundred TeV and continuously observes a wide field-of-view (2 sr). With its high-energy reach and large area coverage, HAWC is well-suited to notably improve searches for the DGRB at TeV energies. In this work, strict cuts have been applied to the HAWC dataset to better isolate gamma-ray air showers from background hadronic showers. The sensitivity to the DGRB was then verified using 535 days of Crab data and Monte Carlo simulations, leading to new limits above 10 TeV on the DGRB as well as prospective implications for multi-messenger studies., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2022

35. The dGLI Cloth Coordinates: A Topological Representation for Semantic Classification of Cloth States

Author: Coltraro, Franco, Fontana, Josep, Amorós, Jaume, Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, Borràs, Júlia, and Torras, Carme
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: Robotic manipulation of cloth is a highly complex task because of its infinite-dimensional shape-state space that makes cloth state estimation very difficult. In this paper we introduce the dGLI Cloth Coordinates, a low-dimensional representation of the state of a rectangular piece of cloth that allows to efficiently distinguish key topological changes in a folding sequence, opening the door to efficient learning methods for cloth manipulation planning and control. Our representation is based on a directional derivative of the Gauss Linking Integral and allows us to represent both planar and spatial configurations in a consistent unified way. The proposed dGLI Cloth Coordinates are shown to be more accurate in the classification of cloth states and significantly more sensitive to changes in grasping affordances than other classic shape distance methods. Finally, we apply our representation to real images of a cloth, showing we can identify the different states using a simple distance-based classifier., Comment: 24 pages, 34 references, 6 figures, 1 table
Published: 2022

36. A measurement of the proton plus helium spectrum of cosmic rays in the TeV region with HAWC

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Camacho, J. R. Angeles, Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kieda, D., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de León, C., Álvarez, J. D., Yodh, G. B., and Zepeda, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: HAWC is an air-shower detector designed to study TeV gamma and cosmic rays. The observatory is composed of a $22000 \, m^2$ array of $300$ water Cherenkov tanks ($4.5 \, m$ deep x $7.3 \, m$ diameter) with $4$ photomultipliers (PMT) each. The instrument registers the number of hit PMTs, the timing information and the total charge at the PMTs during the event. From these data, shower observables such as the arrival direction, the core position at ground, the lateral age and the primary energy are estimated. In this work, we study the distribution of the shower age vs the primary energy of a sample of shower data collected by HAWC from June 2015 to June 2019 and employ a shower-age cut based on predictions of QGSJET-II-04 to separate a subsample of events dominated by H and He primaries. Using these data and a dedicated analysis, we reconstruct the cosmic ray spectrum of H+He from $6$ to $158$ TeV, which shows the presence of a softening at around $24$ TeV with a statistical significance of $4.1\sigma$., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, Submission to SciPost Phys. Proc., ISVHECRI 2022 Conference Proceedings
Published: 2022

37. Constraints on the very high energy gamma-ray emission from short GRBs with HAWC

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, 8 E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, de León, C., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dichiara, S., Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., Galván-Gámez, A., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Marinelli, S. S., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Peisker, A., c, Y. Pérez Araujo, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Ren, Z., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Rosenberg, M., Sacahui, J. R., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Surajbali, P., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., and COLLABORATION, THE HAWC
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Many gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been observed from radio wavelengths, and a few at very-high energies (VHEs, > 100GeV). The HAWC gamma-ray observatory is well suited to study transient phenomena at VHEs due to its large field of view and duty cycle. These features allow for searches of VHE emission and can probe different model assumptions of duration and spectra. In this paper, we use data collected by HAWC between December 2014 and May 2020 to search for emission in the energy range from 80 to 800 GeV coming from a sample 47 short GRBs that triggered the Fermi, Swift and Konus satellites during this period. This analysis is optimized to search for delayed and extended VHE emission within the first 20 s of each burst. We find no evidence of VHE emission, either simultaneous or delayed, with respect to the prompt emission. Upper limits (90% confidence level) derived on the GRB fluence are used to constrain the synchrotron self-Compton forward-shock model. Constraints for the interstellar density as low as $10^{-2}$ cm$^{-3}$ are obtained when assuming z=0.3 for bursts with the highest keV-fluences such as GRB 170206A and GRB 181222841. Such a low density makes observing VHE emission mainly from the fast cooling regime challenging., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2022
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38. Text-Based Feature-Free Automatic Algorithm Selection.

Author: Amanda Salinas-Pinto, Bryan Alvarado-Ulloa, Dorit S. Hochbaum, Matías Francia-Carramiñana, Ricardo ñanculef, and Roberto Javier Asín Achá
Published: 2024
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39. Introduction to Ground-Based Gamma-Ray Astrophysics

Author: Carramiñana, Alberto, Wilhelmi, Emma de Oña, Taylor, Andrew M., Bambi, Cosimo, editor, and Santangelo, Andrea, editor
Published: 2024
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40. Polynomial factorization over henselian fields

Author: Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, Guàrdia, Jordi, Nart, Enric, Poteaux, Adrien, Roé, Joaquim, and Weimann, Martin
Subjects: Mathematics - Commutative Algebra
Abstract: Given a valued field $(K,v)$ and an irreducible polynomial $g\in K[x]$, we survey the ideas of Ore, Maclane, Okutsu, Montes, Vaqui\'e and Herrera-Olalla-Mahboub-Spivakovsky, leading (under certain conditions) to an algorithm to find the factorization of $g$ over a henselization of $(K,v)$.
Published: 2022

41. Gamma/Hadron Separation with the HAWC Observatory

Author: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Álvarez, J. D., Camacho, J. R. Angeles, Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Ellsworth, R. W., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fraija, N., Garcia, D., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, G. J. Kundem A., Lee, W. H., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Luis-Raya, G., Lundeen, J., Malone, K., Marandon, V., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Werner, F., Willox, E., Wood, J., Zepeda, A., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory observes atmospheric showers produced by incident gamma rays and cosmic rays with energy from 300 GeV to more than 100 TeV. A crucial phase in analyzing gamma-ray sources using ground-based gamma-ray detectors like HAWC is to identify the showers produced by gamma rays or hadrons. The HAWC observatory records roughly 25,000 events per second, with hadrons representing the vast majority ($>99.9\%$) of these events. The standard gamma/hadron separation technique in HAWC uses a simple rectangular cut involving only two parameters. This work describes the implementation of more sophisticated gamma/hadron separation techniques, via machine learning methods (boosted decision trees and neural networks), and summarizes the resulting improvements in gamma/hadron separation obtained in HAWC., Comment: 35 pages, 9 figures, published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Published: 2022
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42. Cosmic ray spectrum of protons plus helium nuclei between 6 TeV and 158 TeV from HAWC data

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Camacho, J. R. Angeles, Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kieda, D., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de León, C., Álvarez, J. D., Yodh, G. B., and Zepeda, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: A measurement with high statistics of the differential energy spectrum of light elements in cosmic rays, in particular, of primary H plus He nuclei, is reported. The spectrum is presented in the energy range from $6$ to $158$ TeV per nucleus. Data was collected with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory between June 2015 and June 2019. The analysis was based on a Bayesian unfolding procedure, which was applied on a subsample of vertical HAWC data that was enriched to $82\%$ of events induced by light nuclei. To achieve the mass separation, a cut on the lateral age of air shower data was set guided by predictions of CORSIKA/QGSJET-II-04 simulations. The measured spectrum is consistent with a broken power-law spectrum and shows a kneelike feature at around $E = 24.0^{+3.6}_{-3.1} $ TeV, with a spectral index $\gamma = -2.51 \pm 0.02$ before the break and with $\gamma = -2.83 \pm 0.02$ above it. The feature has a statistical significance of $4.1 \, \sigma$. Within systematic uncertainties, the significance of the spectral break is $0.8 \, \sigma$., Comment: 32 pages, 24 figures, published in Physical Review D
Published: 2022
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43. Valuations with infinite limit-depth

Author: Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, Guàrdia, Jordi, Nart, Enric, and Roé, Joaquim
Subjects: Mathematics - Commutative Algebra
Abstract: For a certain field $K$, we construct a valuation-algebraic valuation on the polynomial ring $K[x]$, whose Maclane--Vaqui\'e chain consists of an infinite (countable) number of limit augmentations, Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2107.09813
Published: 2022

44. Validation of standardized data formats and tools for ground-level particle-based gamma-ray observatories

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Goksu, H., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Marandon, V., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schoorlemmer, H., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de León, C., Zepeda, A., Donath, A., and Funk, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy is still a rather young field of research, with strong historical connections to particle physics. This is why most observations are conducted by experiments with proprietary data and analysis software, as it is usual in the particle physics field. However in recent years, this paradigm has been slowly shifting towards the development and use of open-source data formats and tools, driven by upcoming observatories such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). In this context, a community-driven, shared data format (the gamma-astro-data-format or GADF) and analysis tools such as Gammapy and ctools have been developed. So far these efforts have been led by the IACT community, leaving out other types of ground-based gamma-ray instruments.We aim to show that the data from ground particle arrays, such as the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, is also compatible with the GADF and can thus be fully analysed using the related tools, in this case Gammapy. We reproduce several published HAWC results using Gammapy and data products compliant with GADF standard. We also illustrate the capabilities of the shared format and tools by producing a joint fit of the Crab spectrum including data from six different gamma-ray experiments. We find excellent agreement with the reference results, a powerful check of both the published results and the tools involved. The data from particle detector arrays such as the HAWC observatory can be adapted to the GADF and thus analysed with Gammapy. A common data format and shared analysis tools allow multi-instrument joint analysis and effective data sharing. Given the complementary nature of pointing and wide-field instruments, this synergy will be distinctly beneficial for the joint scientific exploitation of future observatories such as the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory and CTA., Comment: Accepted by A&A
Published: 2022
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45. Evaluating Active Learning: The Role of Non-Presential Workload Monitoring in Academic Achievement and Student Satisfaction in Architecture Programs Within the European Higher Education Area

Author: César Daniel Sirvent-Pérez, Carlos Pérez-Carramiñana, Pascual Saura-Gómez, Ángel Benigno González-Avilés, and José Ángel Ruiz-Cáceres
Subjects: workload, non-presential, ECTS credits, final grades, student satisfaction, bachelor’s degree, Education
Abstract: The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) university learning framework, structured around the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS), integrates classroom hours with independent, non-classroom workloads outside the university, where students engage in self-directed learning. This study aimed to develop a standardized protocol to monitor and quantify non-presential study hours to identify and adjust anomalous workload values. Over a two-year period, data were gathered from two distinct student groups (local Spanish students and international exchange students) enrolled in the same fourth-year architecture course at the University of Alicante. The data analysis allowed for an exploration of correlations among three key variables: non-presential study hours, final grades, and student satisfaction (self-assessed course perceptions). The results reveal a direct proportional relationship among these variables, whereby an increase in weekly study hours corresponds with both higher final grades and improved student satisfaction with the course.
Published: 2025
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46. $\gamma$-ray Emission from Classical Nova V392 Per: Measurements from Fermi and HAWC

Author: Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Blochwitz, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, E. De la Fuente. C. de León. S. Coutiño, Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Lundeen, J., Malone, K., Marandon, V., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Greus, F. Salesa, Serna-Franco, A. Sandoval. J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., Zhou, A. Zepeda. H., Chomiuk, L., Aydi, E., Li, K. L., Metzger, B. D., and Vurm, I.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: This paper reports on the $\gamma$-ray properties of the 2018 Galactic nova V392 Per, spanning photon energies $\sim$0.1 GeV to 100 TeV by combining observations from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the HAWC Observatory. In one of the most rapidly evolving $\gamma$-ray signals yet observed for a nova, GeV $\gamma$ rays with a power law spectrum with index $\Gamma = 2.0 \pm 0.1$ were detected over eight days following V392 Per's optical maximum. HAWC observations constrain the TeV $\gamma$-ray signal during this time and also before and after. We observe no statistically significant evidence of TeV $\gamma$-ray emission from V392 Per, but present flux limits. Tests of the extension of the Fermi/LAT spectrum to energies above 5 TeV are disfavored by 2 standard deviations (95\%) or more. We fit V392 Per's GeV $\gamma$ rays with hadronic acceleration models, incorporating optical observations, and compare the calculations with HAWC limits., Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures; revised for referee comments; section 5 revised
Published: 2022
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47. Study of the Very High Energy emission of M87 through its broadband spectral energy distribution

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Belmont-Moreno, E., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Joshi, V., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Willox, E., and Zepeda, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The radio galaxy M87 is the central dominant galaxy of the Virgo Cluster. Very High Energy (VHE,$\gtrsim 0.1$ TeV) emission, from M87 has been detected by Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs ). Recently, marginal evidence for VHE long-term emission has also been observed by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory, a gamma ray and cosmic-ray detector array located in Puebla, Mexico. The mechanism that produces VHE emission in M87 remains unclear. This emission is originated in its prominent jet, which has been spatially resolved from radio to X-rays. In this paper, we constructed a spectral energy distribution from radio to gamma rays that is representative of the non-flaring activity of the source, and in order to explain the observed emission, we fit it with a lepto-hadronic emission model. We found that this model is able to explain non-flaring VHE emission of M87 as well as an orphan flare reported in 2005., Comment: submitted to ApJ
Published: 2021

48. HAWC Study of the Ultra-High-Energy Spectrum of MGRO J1908+06

Author: HAWC Collaboration, Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Álvarez, J. D., Camacho, J. R. Angeles, Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fraija, N., Garcia, D., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Giacinti, G., Goksu, H., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hinton, J., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lee, W. H., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Marandon, V., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schoorlemmer, H., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., Zepeda, A., Zhou, H., Li, M. Breuhaus H., and Zhang, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report TeV gamma-ray observations of the ultra-high-energy source MGRO J1908+06 using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. This source is one of the highest-energy known gamma-ray sources, with emission extending past 200 TeV. Modeling suggests that the bulk of the TeV gamma-ray emission is leptonic in nature, driven by the energetic radio-faint pulsar PSR J1907+0602. Depending on what assumptions are included in the model, a hadronic component may also be allowed. Using the results of the modeling, we discuss implications for detection prospects by multi-messenger campaigns., Comment: accepted by ApJ, in press
Published: 2021
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49. Okutsu frames of irreducible polynomials over henselian fields

Author: Alberich-Carramiñana, Maria, Guàrdia, Jordi, Roé, Joaquím, and Nart, Enric
Subjects: Mathematics - Commutative Algebra, 13A18 12J10
Abstract: For a henselian valued field $(K,v)$ we establish a complete parallelism between the arithmetic properties of irreducible polynomials $F\in K[x]$, encoded by their Okutsu frames, and the valuation-theoretic properties of their induced valuations $v_F$ on $K[x]$, encoded by their MacLane-Vaqui\'e chains. This parallelism was only known for defectless irreducible polynomials., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.09813
Published: 2021

50. Ablation of Atp5if1 impairs metabolic reprogramming and proliferation of T lymphocytes and compromises mouse survival

Author: Inés Romero-Carramiñana, Sonia Dominguez-Zorita, Pau B. Esparza-Moltó, and José M. Cuezva
Subjects: Biological sciences, Physiology, Molecular biology, Immunology, Science
Abstract: Summary: T cells experience metabolic reprogramming to an enhanced glycolysis upon activation. Herein, we have investigated whether ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1), the physiological inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, participates in rewiring T cells to a particular metabolic phenotype. We show that the activation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo is accompanied by a sharp upregulation of IF1, which is expressed only in Th1 effector cells. T lymphocytes of conditional CD4+-IF1-knockout mice display impaired glucose uptake and flux through glycolysis, reducing the biogenesis of mitochondria and cellular proliferation after activation. Consequently, mice devoid of IF1 in T lymphocytes cannot mount an effective Th1 response against bacterial infection compromising their survival. Overall, we show that the inhibition of a fraction of ATP synthase by IF1 regulates metabolic reprogramming and functionality of T cells, highlighting the essential role of IF1 in adaptive immune responses.
Published: 2024
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