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8. Review of a species in peril: what we do not know about lake sturgeon may kill them

Author

Pollock, Michael S., Carr, Meghan, Kreitals, Natasha M., and Phillips, Iain D.

Subjects
Sturgeons -- Protection and preservation, Bird populations -- Protection and preservation, Environmental issues
Abstract

Lake sturgeon are arguably the largest and most unique freshwater fish in North America. Unfortunately their uniqueness includes many characteristics that make them especially vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts including overfishing, habitat fragmentation, and degradation. For approximately 100 years lake sturgeon populations across North America have either been in decline and (or) have experienced a sluggish recovery. While this is partly due to lake sturgeon life history, most researchers agree that habitat fragmentation and degradation are currently the highest risk to the species. Though most lake sturgeon populations are depressed, there are a few exceptions that offer a glimpse into what a stable population or recovery may look like. The following review highlights such instances as well as what is known and more importantly what is not known about this unique species. Specifically, we highlight the need for improved and organized sharing of raw data given the fact that many researchers do not have access to the plethora of information available to others (e.g., otoliths for aging). We examine the varying life history and diet choices of this plastic species offering hypotheses for differences in migration routes and distances as well the differing recovery rates found across their range. We highlight myths about the species providing evidence that they may not be as long lived and fecund as previously thought. We examine the lake sturgeon's current legal status across North America including the efforts of nonprofit groups that have had success in increasing population numbers. Most importantly, we highlight logistical problems faced by researchers and data gaps in the literature that must be filled to increase the odds of a successful recovery. Alongside the data gaps, the recovery of this species is fraught with political and industrial road blocks that are as varied as its current recovery. Subsequently, as is the case with many species, its survival will come down to solid scientific knowledge and the value placed on it by society. Key words: lake sturgeon, conservation, species at risk. L'esturgeon de lac constitue sans aucun doute l'unique et plus gros poisson d'eau douce en Amerique du Nord. Malheureusement, son unicite inclut plusieurs caracteristiques le rendant vulnerable aux impacts anthropogenes, incluant la surpeche ainsi que la fragmentation de l'habitat et sa degradation. Pendant environ 100 ans, les populations d'esturgeon de lac sur l'ensemble de l'Amerique du Nord ont connu un declin et/ou une lente recuperation. Alors que ceci est du en partie au cycle vital de l'esturgeon, la plupart des recherches s'accordent pour dire que la fragmentation de l'habitat et sa degradation constituent presentement le plus fort risque pour cette espece. Bien que la plupart des populations d'esturgeon de lac soient deprimees, il existe quelques exceptions offrant une idee de ce que represente une population stable ou en recuperation. Cette revue souligne de tels cas ainsi que ce que l'on connait au sujet de cette espece unique. Specifiquement, les auteurs insistent sur la necessite d'ameliorer et d'organiser le partage des donnees brutes, compte tenu du fait que plusieurs chercheurs n'ont pas acces a la plethore d'informations disponibles pour d'autres chercheurs (p. ex. otolithes pour mesurer l'age). On examine les variations du cycle biologique et les choix de diete chez cette espece plastique, en offrant diverses hypotheses pour expliquer les differences dans les routes de migration et leurs distances ainsi que les differents taux de recuperation observes sur l'ensemble de l'aire. On souligne les mythes au sujet de cette espece en fournissant la preuve qu'ils ne sauraient etre aussi viables et feconds qu'on le pensait jadis. Les auteurs examinent egalement le statut legal actuel sur l'ensemble de l'Amerique du Nord, incluant les efforts de groupes a but non lucratif qui ont reussi a augmenter les nombres de populations. Et ce qui est tres important, on souligne les problemes logistiques auxquels font face les chercheurs sur les donnees manquantes de la litterature, lesquelles doivent etre comblees pour augmenter les chances de reussir la recuperation. En plus de ces donnees manquantes, la recuperation de cette espece rencontre sur sa route des difficultes d'origine politique et industrielle aussi variees que sa recuperation actuelle. Subsequemment, comme c'est le cas avec de nombreuses especes, sa survie depend d'une connaissance scientifique solide et de la valeur accordee par la societe. [Traduit par le Redaction] Mots-cles : esturgeon de lac, conservation, espece a risque., Introduction Natural history Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) are a relatively large, cartilaginous, benthic fish, endemic to many large rivers and lakes of North America (Peterson et al. 2007). Once prevalent [...]

Published
2015
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9. Single-sex education.

Author

Carr, Meghan K.

Subjects
Sex education -- Surveys, Single-sex schools -- Surveys
Published
2007

11. A comparison of human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on the induction of spermiation and amplexus in the American toad (Anaxyrus americanus)

Author

Kouba Andrew J, delBarco-Trillo Javier, Vance Carrie K, Milam Callie, and Carr Meghan

Subjects
Amphibian, Behavior, Hormones, Sperm, Toad, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Reproduction, QH471-489
Abstract

Abstract Background Captive breeding programs for endangered amphibian species often utilize exogenous hormones for species that are difficult to breed. The purpose of our study was to compare the efficacy of two different hormones at various concentrations on sperm production, quantity and quality over time in order to optimize assisted breeding. Methods Male American toads (Anaxyrus americanus) were divided into three separate treatment groups, with animals in each group rotated through different concentrations of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRH; 0.1, 1.0, 4.0 and 32 micrograms/toad), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 50, 100, 200, and 300 IU), or the control over 24 hours. We evaluated the number of males that respond by producing spermic urine, the sperm concentration, percent motility, and quality of forward progression. We also evaluated the effects of hCG and LHRH on reproductive behavior as assessed by amplexus. Data were analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equations incorporating repeated measures over time and including the main effects of treatment and time, and the treatment by time interaction. Results The hormone hCG was significantly more effective at stimulating spermiation in male Anaxyrus americanus than LHRH and showed a dose-dependent response in the number of animals producing sperm. At the most effective hCG dose (300 IU), 100% of the male toads produced sperm, compared to only 35% for the best LHRH dose tested (4.0 micrograms). In addition to having a greater number of responders (P Conclusion There is a clear dichotomy between the two hormones’ physiological responses on gamete production and stimulation of amplexus. Understanding how these two hormones influence physiology and reproductive behaviors in amphibians will have direct bearing on establishing similar breeding protocols for endangered species.

Published
2012
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15. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER

Author

Litaudon, X., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K.M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, Jong Hyun, Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Andersson Sundén, E., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S.A., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M.D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baião, D., Bailey, Stephen, Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J.W., Baranov, Y.F., Barnard, M.A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Baron Wiechec, A., Barrera Orte, L., Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P.S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, Karen, Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N.A., Bergsåker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, Philippa A. M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bílková, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J P S, Björkas, C., Blackburn, J. A., Blackman, K., Blackman, T.R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnár, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, T. J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman-Collin, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, P. C., Boyer, H.J., Bradshaw, J.M.A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P.D., Breton, Simon-Philippe, Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M.D.J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Brosławski, A., Brown, Paul D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, Martin Jensen, Buchanan, F.J., Buckley, M.A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N.K., Bykov, Ioury, Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, J. I, Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D.C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A.J., Card, P.J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, Meghan, Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, J. L. B., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Casson, F.J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, Nuno, Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C.D., Chandler, M., Chandra, Deepak, Chang, C.S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I.T., Chapman, S.C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J, Clairet, F., Clark, E. G., Clark, M., Clarkson, R B, Clatworthy, D., Clements-Croome, Derek, Cleverly, M., Coad, J.P., Coates, P.A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J.W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S. P., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D A, Cooper, S.R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A.S., Cox, M.P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R. A., Crisanti, F, Croci, Gabriele, Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I.E., De Bock, M.F.M., de Assis Castro, Rafael Cunha, de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deakin, K., Deane, Jonathan H.B., Degli Agostini, F., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R.O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, Francesco, Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, M. P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk-Bendig, H., Doerner, R.P., Donné, T., Dorling, S.E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P.T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Ďuran, Ivan, Durodie, F., Dutta, Partha Sharathi, Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P.V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A.M., Edwards, Emily S. J., Eich, Th, Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C.G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L.-G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H.G., Esteve-Gassent, M. D., Evans, B., Evans, G.E., Evison, G., Ewart, G.D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R.C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J.S., Fessey, J.A., Février, O., Ficker, O., Field, Robert A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, Joana, Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., FitzGerald, Michael, Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S.J., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, S.D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Gałązka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, Austin J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R.M.O., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, Jeronimo, Garcia-Carrasco, A., García-Muñoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D.F., Gee, S.J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J.C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C.S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil de Sola , L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J.-B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Glöggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J.P., Gohil, P., Goloborod’ko, V., Gomes, J.R.B., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M.E., Graves, J.P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, Nick R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B.A., Griph, F.S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M.V., Grove, R., Grundy, C.N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guérard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H.H., Hackett, L.J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A.H., Halitovs, M., Hall, S.J., Hallworth Cook, S.P., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K.D., Harrington, C., Harrison, J.M., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D.R., Haupt, T.D.V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N.C., Hawkins, Gary J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P.W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P.J.L., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O.N., Hender, T.C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S.S., Henriques, Romina, Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E.G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J, Hodille, E., Hogben, C.H.A., Hogeweij, G.M.D., Hollingsworth, Michael A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D.A., Horáček, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A.R., Horton, D. L., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S.P., Hough, M.R., Howarth, P.J., Hubbard, A., Huber, Andreas, Huber, Kilian V. M., Huddleston, T.M., Hughes, Mike, Huijsmans, G.T.A., Hunter, C.L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A.M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imríšek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, Asger Schou, Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Järvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednoróg, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T.T.C., Hoshino, K.K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D.L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, G. D., Kent, A.J.R., Kent, O.N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H.T., Kim, H.S., Kinch, A., King, Edward C., King, D. P., King, R.F., Kinna, D.J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S.J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Köppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H R, Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Książek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O-joung, Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, Annukka M, Laing, W.A., Lam, Nguyen Ngoc, Lambertz, H.T., Lane, C., Lang, P.T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J.R., Łaszyńska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, M. A., Lawson, K.D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, Enzo, Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H.J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, Frank, Lengar, Igor, Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V.P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R.C., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P.J., Lönnroth, J., Lopez, M. J., López-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J.J., Loving, A.B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R.M.A., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C.P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., MacDonald, Ewen N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M.-E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovič, Tomáš, Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C.A., Marshal, R., Martin, A. A., Martin, Y., Martín de Aguilera, A., Martínez, J. F., Martín-Solís, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G.F., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M.-L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P.J., McClements, K.G., McCormack, O., McCullen, P.A., McDonald, D., McIntosh, Steven, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, McKehon, J., Meadows, R.C., Meakins, A., Medina, Pablo F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A.G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I.R., Mertens, Ph, Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynář, J., Molina, Daniel R., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira-Neto , S.L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A.W., Morris, J., Moser, Mary L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, Andrea, Murphy, S., Asakura, N.N., Na, Y.S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, Volker, Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V.S., Newman, M. J., Nicholls, K.J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, Anders Henry, Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H, Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M.T., O’Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B.I., Otin, R., Owen, R.A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L.W., Page, Ashley, Pajuste, E., Palazzo, Gaetano S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Parra Diaz, F., Parsons, A.M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, David, Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Paz Soldan, C., Peackoc, A., Pearson, I.J., Pehkonen, S.-P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Puglia, P.P Pereira, Pereira, R., Pereira Puglia, P.P., Perez von Thun, C., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M, Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petržilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferlé, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O.G., Pool, P.J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M.T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, Thomas L, Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, Gianluca, Puglia, P., Puiatti, M.E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Pütterich, Th, Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M.S.J., Rakha, K. A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C.J., Rasmussen, Jens Juul, Rathod, K., Rattá, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, J. W.C., Rebai, Marica, Reece, D., Reed, A., Réfy, D., Regan, B., Regaña, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S.D.A., Reynolds, Christopher S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, Davide, Rimini, F.G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R.J., Robinson, S.A., Robinson, T., Robson, D.W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M, Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, Jacek, Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, Mirko, Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M.I.K., Santos, M. B. 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Abstract

The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at βN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed.

Published
2017

16. Overview of progress in European medium sized tokamaks towards an integrated plasma-edge/wall solution

Author

Meyer, H., Eich, T., Beurskens, M., Coda, S., Hakola, A.H., Martin, P., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Aguiam, D., Ahn, J., Aho-Mantila, L., Akers, R., Albanese, R., Aledda, R., Alessi, E., Allan, Jonathan S., da Costa Alves Machado, Simone, Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrèbe, Y., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arter, W., Baciero, A., Barnes, M., Barrera Orte, L., Behn, R., Bencze, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Bettini, P., Bílková, P., Bin Najib, Waqas, Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J P S, Blanchard, P., Blanken, T., Bluteau, M., Bobkov, V., Bogar, O., Böhm, P., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bremond, S., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Buchanan, F.J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P, Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Camenen, Y., Caniello, R., Cannas, B., Canton, A., Cardinali, A., Carnevale, D., Carr, Meghan, Carralero, D., Carvalho, P., Casali, L., Castaldo, C., Castejón, F., Castro, R., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cesario, R., Challis, C.D., Chapman, I.T., Chapman, S.C., Chernyshova, M., Choi, D-Y., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J, Clairet, F., Classen, I., Coelho, R., Coenen, J.W., Colas, L., Conway, G., Corre, Y., Costea, S., Crisanti, F, Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., D’Arcangelo, O., De Angeli, M., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Decker, J., Delogu, R.S., Dendy, R.O., Denner, P., Di Troia, C., Dimitrova, M., D’Inca, R., Dorić, V., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Easy, L., Elmore, S., Erdös, B., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fanni, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Ferreira, J., Février, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fishpool, G., FitzGerald, Michael, Fontana, M., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L, Fridström, R., Frigione, D., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, C., Furno Palumbo, M., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gałązka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Gallo, Antonio, Galperti, C., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia Lopez, J., García-Muñoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gauthier, E., Geelen, P., Geiger, B., Ghendrih, P., Ghezzi, F., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gleason González, C., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T.P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Gruber, M., Gude, A., Guimarais, L., Guirlet, R., Gunn, George J., Hacek, P., Hacquin, S., Hall, S., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hauer, V., Havlícková, E., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Henderson, S.S., Hennequin, P., Heyn, M., Hnat, B., Hölzl, M., Hogeweij, G.M.D., Honoré, Connie, Hopf, C., Horáček, J., Hornung, G., Horvath, L., Huang, Zhiwei, Huber, Andreas, Igitkhanov, J., Igochine, V., Imrisek, M., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacobsen, Asger Schou, Jacquet, P., Jakubowski, M., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, Thomas, Olsen, Jeppe Miki Busk, Jessen, Martin, Joffrin, E., Jones, O., Jónsson, T., Kallenbach, A., Kallinikos, N., Kalvin, S., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karpushov, A., Kasilov, S., Kasprowicz, G., Kendl, A., Kernbichler, W., Kim, D., Kirk, A., Kjer, S., Klimek, I., Kocsis, G., Kogut, D., Komm, M., Korsholm, Søren Bang, Koslowski, H R, Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kovarik, K., Krawczyk, N., Krbec, J., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kube, R., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Labit, B., Laggner, F.M., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, Annukka M, Lalousis, P., Lang, P.T., Lauber, P., Lazanyi, N., Lazaros, A., Le, H.B., Lebschy, A., Leddy, J., Lefèvre, Laure, Lehnen, M., Leipold, Frank, Lessig, A., Leyland, M., Li, L., Liang, Y., Lipschultz, B., Liu, Y.Q., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Loewenhoff, T., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V.P., Lunt, T., Lupelli, I., Lux, H., Lyssoivan, A., Madsen, Jens, Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maggiora, R., Magnussen, Michael Løiten, Mailloux, J., Maljaars, B., Malygin, S.A., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Marchand, B., Marconato, N., Marini, C., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marrelli, L., Martin, Y., Martín-Solís, J. R., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G.F., Mavridis, M., Mayoral, M.-L., Mazon, D., McCarthy, P., McAdams, R., McArdle, G.J., McClements, K.G., McDermott, R., McMillan, B., Meisl, G., Merle, A., Meyer, O., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Miron, I.G., Mitosinkova, K., Mlynar, J., Mlynek, A., Molina, Daniel R., Molina, Pablo, Monakhov, I., Morales, J.M., Moreau, Debra L., Morel, P., Moret, J.-M., Del Moro, A., Moulton, D., Müller, H.W., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, Volker, Nemes-Czopf, A., Nespoli, F., Neu, R., Nielsen, Anders Henry, Nielsen, Stefan Kragh, Nikolaeva, V., Nimb, Søren Robert, Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrčil, T., Olsen, J., Omotani, J., O’Mullane, M.G., Orain, F., Osterman, N., Paccagnella, R., Pamela, S., Pangione, L., Panjan, M., Papp, G., Papřok, R., Parail, V., Parra, F.I., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pehkonen, S.-P., Pereira, A., Perelli Cippo, Enrico, Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petrzilka, V., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pisokas, T., Pitts, R., Ploumistakis, I., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poljak, D., Pölöskei, P., Popovic, Z., Pór, G., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Predebon, I., Preynas, M., Primc, G., Pucella, Gianluca, Puiatti, M.E., Pütterich, T., Rack, M., Ramogida, G., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, Jens Juul, Rasmussen, Jesper, Rattá, G.A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Réfy, D., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Resnik, M., Reux, C., Ripamonti, D., Rittich, D., Riva, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Rosato, J., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, Mirko, Salmi, A., Samaddar, D., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, M., Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schneller, M., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schweinzer, J., Seidl, J., Sertoli, M., Šesnić, S., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shanahan, B., Sharapov, S., Sheikh, U., Sias, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Silva, A., Silva Fuglister, M., Simpson, James J., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Pedersen, Morten Stejner, Stepanov, I., Stober, J., Strand, P., Šušnjara, A., Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tolias, P., Tophøj, Laust Emil Hjerrild, Treutterer, W., Trevisan, G.L., Tripsky, M., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Tudisco, O., Uccello, A., Urban, Jesper, Valisa, M., Vallejos, Paul, Valovic, M., van den Brand, H., Vanovac, B., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vega-Castillo, Jesús, Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vijvers, W.A.J., Villone, F., Viola, B., Vlahos, L., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondráček, P., Vu, N.M.T., Wágner, D., Walkden, N. R., Wang, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weinzettl, V., Westerhof, E., Wiesenberger, M., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wodniak, I., Wolfrum, E., Yadykin, D., Zagorski, R., Zammuto, I., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Zestanakis, P., Zhang, W., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, Matteo, Meyer, H., Eich, T., Beurskens, M., Coda, S., Hakola, A.H., Martin, P., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Aguiam, D., Ahn, J., Aho-Mantila, L., Akers, R., Albanese, R., Aledda, R., Alessi, E., Allan, Jonathan S., da Costa Alves Machado, Simone, Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Anand, H., Anastassiou, G., Andrèbe, Y., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arter, W., Baciero, A., Barnes, M., Barrera Orte, L., Behn, R., Bencze, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Bettini, P., Bílková, P., Bin Najib, Waqas, Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J P S, Blanchard, P., Blanken, T., Bluteau, M., Bobkov, V., Bogar, O., Böhm, P., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bremond, S., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Buchanan, F.J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P, Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Camenen, Y., Caniello, R., Cannas, B., Canton, A., Cardinali, A., Carnevale, D., Carr, Meghan, Carralero, D., Carvalho, P., Casali, L., Castaldo, C., Castejón, F., Castro, R., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cesario, R., Challis, C.D., Chapman, I.T., Chapman, S.C., Chernyshova, M., Choi, D-Y., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J, Clairet, F., Classen, I., Coelho, R., Coenen, J.W., Colas, L., Conway, G., Corre, Y., Costea, S., Crisanti, F, Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., D’Arcangelo, O., De Angeli, M., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Decker, J., Delogu, R.S., Dendy, R.O., Denner, P., Di Troia, C., Dimitrova, M., D’Inca, R., Dorić, V., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Easy, L., Elmore, S., Erdös, B., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fanni, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Ferreira, J., Février, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fishpool, G., FitzGerald, Michael, Fontana, M., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L, Fridström, R., Frigione, D., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, C., Furno Palumbo, M., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gałązka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Gallo, Antonio, Galperti, C., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia Lopez, J., García-Muñoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gauthier, E., Geelen, P., Geiger, B., Ghendrih, P., Ghezzi, F., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gleason González, C., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T.P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Gruber, M., Gude, A., Guimarais, L., Guirlet, R., Gunn, George J., Hacek, P., Hacquin, S., Hall, S., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hauer, V., Havlícková, E., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Henderson, S.S., Hennequin, P., Heyn, M., Hnat, B., Hölzl, M., Hogeweij, G.M.D., Honoré, Connie, Hopf, C., Horáček, J., Hornung, G., Horvath, L., Huang, Zhiwei, Huber, Andreas, Igitkhanov, J., Igochine, V., Imrisek, M., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacobsen, Asger Schou, Jacquet, P., Jakubowski, M., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, Thomas, Olsen, Jeppe Miki Busk, Jessen, Martin, Joffrin, E., Jones, O., Jónsson, T., Kallenbach, A., Kallinikos, N., Kalvin, S., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karpushov, A., Kasilov, S., Kasprowicz, G., Kendl, A., Kernbichler, W., Kim, D., Kirk, A., Kjer, S., Klimek, I., Kocsis, G., Kogut, D., Komm, M., Korsholm, Søren Bang, Koslowski, H R, Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Kovarik, K., Krawczyk, N., Krbec, J., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kube, R., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Labit, B., Laggner, F.M., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, Annukka M, Lalousis, P., Lang, P.T., Lauber, P., Lazanyi, N., Lazaros, A., Le, H.B., Lebschy, A., Leddy, J., Lefèvre, Laure, Lehnen, M., Leipold, Frank, Lessig, A., Leyland, M., Li, L., Liang, Y., Lipschultz, B., Liu, Y.Q., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Loewenhoff, T., Lomanowski, B., Loschiavo, V.P., Lunt, T., Lupelli, I., Lux, H., Lyssoivan, A., Madsen, Jens, Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maggiora, R., Magnussen, Michael Løiten, Mailloux, J., Maljaars, B., Malygin, S.A., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Marchand, B., Marconato, N., Marini, C., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marrelli, L., Martin, Y., Martín-Solís, J. R., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G.F., Mavridis, M., Mayoral, M.-L., Mazon, D., McCarthy, P., McAdams, R., McArdle, G.J., McClements, K.G., McDermott, R., McMillan, B., Meisl, G., Merle, A., Meyer, O., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Miron, I.G., Mitosinkova, K., Mlynar, J., Mlynek, A., Molina, Daniel R., Molina, Pablo, Monakhov, I., Morales, J.M., Moreau, Debra L., Morel, P., Moret, J.-M., Del Moro, A., Moulton, D., Müller, H.W., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, Volker, Nemes-Czopf, A., Nespoli, F., Neu, R., Nielsen, Anders Henry, Nielsen, Stefan Kragh, Nikolaeva, V., Nimb, Søren Robert, Nocente, M., Nouailletas, R., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrčil, T., Olsen, J., Omotani, J., O’Mullane, M.G., Orain, F., Osterman, N., Paccagnella, R., Pamela, S., Pangione, L., Panjan, M., Papp, G., Papřok, R., Parail, V., Parra, F.I., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pehkonen, S.-P., Pereira, A., Perelli Cippo, Enrico, Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petrzilka, V., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pisokas, T., Pitts, R., Ploumistakis, I., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poljak, D., Pölöskei, P., Popovic, Z., Pór, G., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Predebon, I., Preynas, M., Primc, G., Pucella, Gianluca, Puiatti, M.E., Pütterich, T., Rack, M., Ramogida, G., Rapson, C., Rasmussen, Jens Juul, Rasmussen, Jesper, Rattá, G.A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Réfy, D., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Resnik, M., Reux, C., Ripamonti, D., Rittich, D., Riva, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Rosato, J., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, Mirko, Salmi, A., Samaddar, D., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, M., Schneider, B., Schneider, P., Schneller, M., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schweinzer, J., Seidl, J., Sertoli, M., Šesnić, S., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shanahan, B., Sharapov, S., Sheikh, U., Sias, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Silva, A., Silva Fuglister, M., Simpson, James J., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Stange, T., Pedersen, Morten Stejner, Stepanov, I., Stober, J., Strand, P., Šušnjara, A., Suttrop, W., Szepesi, T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tolias, P., Tophøj, Laust Emil Hjerrild, Treutterer, W., Trevisan, G.L., Tripsky, M., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Tudisco, O., Uccello, A., Urban, Jesper, Valisa, M., Vallejos, Paul, Valovic, M., van den Brand, H., Vanovac, B., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vega-Castillo, Jesús, Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vijvers, W.A.J., Villone, F., Viola, B., Vlahos, L., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondráček, P., Vu, N.M.T., Wágner, D., Walkden, N. R., Wang, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weinzettl, V., Westerhof, E., Wiesenberger, M., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wodniak, I., Wolfrum, E., Yadykin, D., Zagorski, R., Zammuto, I., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Zestanakis, P., Zhang, W., Zoletnik, S., and Zuin, Matteo

Abstract

Integrating the plasma core performance with an edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) that leads to tolerable heat and particle loads on the wall is a major challenge. The new European medium size tokamak task force (EU-MST) coordinates research on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), MAST and TCV. This multi-machine approach within EU-MST, covering a wide parameter range, is instrumental to progress in the field, as ITER and DEMO core/pedestal and SOL parameters are not achievable simultaneously in present day devices. A two prong approach is adopted. On the one hand, scenarios with tolerable transient heat and particle loads, including active edge localised mode (ELM) control are developed. On the other hand, divertor solutions including advanced magnetic configurations are studied. Considerable progress has been made on both approaches, in particular in the fields of: ELM control with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP), small ELM regimes, detachment onset and control, as well as filamentary scrape-off-layer transport. For example full ELM suppression has now been achieved on AUG at low collisionality with n = 2 RMP maintaining good confinement HH(98,y2)≈0.95 Advances have been made with respect to detachment onset and control. Studies in advanced divertor configurations (Snowflake, Super-X and X-point target divertor) shed new light on SOL physics. Cross field filamentary transport has been characterised in a wide parameter regime on AUG, MAST and TCV progressing the theoretical and experimental understanding crucial for predicting first wall loads in ITER and DEMO. Conditions in the SOL also play a crucial role for ELM stability and access to small ELM regimes.

Published
2017

29. Ecological patterns of fish distribution in the Slave River Delta region, Northwest Territories, Canada, as relayed by traditional knowledge and Western science.

Author

Baldwin, Cara, Bradford, Lori, Carr, Meghan K., Doig, Lorne E., Jardine, Timothy D., Jones, Paul D., Bharadwaj, Lalita, and Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich

Subjects
BIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENTAL protection, CLIMATE change, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, AQUACULTURE
Abstract

Indigenous community members along the Slave River in Canada have voiced their concerns for the health of ecosystems under pressure from resource extraction, hydroelectric development and global climate change. We present a test case of traditional knowledge and scientific results about the spawning and migration patterns of fish in the Slave River and Delta. This dual knowledge system approach elucidates the broader connectivity of local study regions and can improve monitoring programmes by extending beyond the usual context/confines of the present or recent past, increasing the spatial and temporal range of system information. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2018
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31. Cornea lymphatics drive the CD8+ T-cell response to herpes simplex virus-1.

Author

Gurung, Hem R, Carr, Meghan M, and Carr, Daniel J J

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1) infection of the cornea induces vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐dependent lymphangiogenesis. However, the extent to which HSV‐1‐induced corneal lymphangiogenesis impacts the adaptive immune response has not been characterized. Here, we used floxed VEGF‐A mice to study the importance of newly created corneal lymphatic vessels in the host adaptive immune response to infection. Whereas the mice infected with the parental virus (strain SC16) exhibited robust corneal lymphangiogenesis, mice that received the recombinant virus (SC16 ICP0‐Cre) that expresses Cre recombinase under the control of infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), an HSV‐1 immediate‐early gene, showed a significant reduction in lymphangiogenesis. There was no difference in virus recovered from the cornea of mice infected with SC16 vs SC16 ICP0‐Cre. However, viral loads were significantly elevated in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of mice with reduced corneal lymphangiogenesis. The increase in viral titer correlated with a significant loss of HSV‐1‐specific CD8+ T cells that traffic to the TG of mice infected with the recombinant virus. Intrastromal delivery of size‐exclusion dye (fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran) revealed a time‐dependent defect in the ability of the lymphatic vessels in SC16 ICP0‐Cre‐infected mice to transport soluble antigen from the cornea to the draining lymph nodes. We interpret these results to suggest that the newly created lymphatic vessels in the cornea driven by HSV‐1 infection are critical in the delivery of soluble viral antigen to the draining lymph node and subsequent development of the CD8+ T‐cell response to HSV‐1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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33. A comparison of human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on the induction of spermiation and amplexus in the American toad (Anaxyrus americanus)

Author

Kouba, Andrew J., Barco-Trillo, Javier del, Vance, Carrie K., Milam, Callie, Carr, Meghan, Kouba, Andrew J., Barco-Trillo, Javier del, Vance, Carrie K., Milam, Callie, and Carr, Meghan

Abstract

Background Captive breeding programs for endangered amphibian species often utilize exogenous hormones for species that are difficult to breed. The purpose of our study was to compare the efficacy of two different hormones at various concentrations on sperm production, quantity and quality over time in order to optimize assisted breeding. Methods Male American toads (Anaxyrus americanus) were divided into three separate treatment groups, with animals in each group rotated through different concentrations of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRH; 0.1, 1.0, 4.0 and 32 micrograms/toad), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 50, 100, 200, and 300 IU), or the control over 24 hours. We evaluated the number of males that respond by producing spermic urine, the sperm concentration, percent motility, and quality of forward progression. We also evaluated the effects of hCG and LHRH on reproductive behavior as assessed by amplexus. Data were analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equations incorporating repeated measures over time and including the main effects of treatment and time, and the treatment by time interaction. Results The hormone hCG was significantly more effective at stimulating spermiation in male Anaxyrus americanus than LHRH and showed a dose-dependent response in the number of animals producing sperm. At the most effective hCG dose (300 IU), 100% of the male toads produced sperm, compared to only 35% for the best LHRH dose tested (4.0 micrograms). In addition to having a greater number of responders (P < 0.05), the 300 IU hCG treatment group had a much higher average sperm concentration (P < 0.05) than the treatment group receiving 4.0 micrograms LHRH. In contrast, these two treatments did not result in significant differences in sperm motility or quality of forward progressive motility. However, more males went into amplexus when treated with LHRH vs. hCG (90% vs. 75%) by nine hours post-administration. Conclusion There is a clear dicho

Published
2012

34. Using a Geospatial Model to Relate Fluvial Geomorphology to Macroinvertebrate Habitat in a Prairie River—Part 2: Matching Family-Level Indices to Geomorphological Response Units (GRUs).

Author

Nostbakken Meissner, Anna Grace, Carr, Meghan Kathleen, Phillips, Iain David, and Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich

Abstract

Many rivers are intensely managed due to anthropogenic influences such as dams, channelization, and water provision for municipalities, agriculture, and industry. With this growing pressure on fluvial systems comes a greater need to evaluate the state of their ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to use a geospatial model of the Qu’Appelle River in Saskatchewan to distinguish instream macroinvertebrate habitats at the family level. River geomorphology was assessed through the use of ArcGIS and digital elevation models; with these tools, the sinuosity, slope, fractal dimension, and stream width of the river were processed. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis, a clustering technique, revealed areas with similar sets of geomorphological characteristics. These similar typology sequences were then grouped into geomorphological response units (GRUs), designated a color, and mapped into a geospatial model. Macroinvertebrate data was then incorporated to reveal several relationships to the model. For instance, certain GRUs contained more highly sensitive species and healthier diversity levels than others. Future possibilities for expanding on this project include incorporating stable isotope data to evaluate the food-web structure within the river basin. Although GRUs have been very successful in identifying fish habitats in other studies, the macroinvertebrates may be too sessile and their habitat too localized to be identified by such large river units. Units may need to be much shorter (250 m) to better identify macroinvertebrate habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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35. Seasonal shifts in giant panda feeding behavior: relationships to bamboo plant part consumption.

Author

Hansen, Rachel L., Carr, Meghan M., Apanavicius, Carolyn J., Jiang, Pingping, Bissell, Heidi A., Gocinski, Barbara L., Maury, Frances, Himmelreich, Marian, Beard, Sara, Ouellette, John R., and Kouba, Andy J.

Abstract

The giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is classified as a carnivore, yet subsists on a diet comprised almost exclusively of bamboo. Wild and captive giant pandas use highly selective foraging behaviors for processing and consuming bamboo. These behaviors are for the first time quantified in captive giant pandas over a 5-year period of time showing highly specific seasonal trends. Giant panda feeding behavior was recorded using live video observations of two giant pandas housed at the Memphis Zoo from November 2003 to June 2008. Leaf was the primary plant part consumed from June to December, whereas culm was consumed primarily from February to May, with both bears displaying similar seasonal shifts in plant part consumption. From May to June, leaf consumption increased significantly ( P-values<0.001); from June to August, leaf consumption remained high and stable. From December to March, leaf consumption decreased significantly ( P-values<0.001). Specific behaviors for bamboo leaf and culm consumption were also observed. Both bears formed wads of leaves before ingestion while feeding on leaf, but the male employed this feeding behavior more often than the female (54 and 33%, respectively). Both bears used similar culm-stripping behavior (26 and 25%), used to remove the outer layer and isolate the pith for consumption. This study indicates that unique seasonal foraging behaviors observed in wild pandas are also apparent in captive animals in relation to plant part selectivity and feeding behaviors. Zoo Biol 29:470-483, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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37. Lake Sturgeon Geographic Range, Distribution, and Migration Patterns in the Saskatchewan River

Author

Van, Wishingrad, Carr, Meghan K., Pollock, Michael S., Ferrari, Maud C. O., and Chivers, Douglas P.

Abstract

We examined geographic range, distribution, and migration patterns of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescenswithin the largest contiguous section of the Saskatchewan River system in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lake Sturgeon use portions of the North, South, and main-stem Saskatchewan River during the summer months. The Forks area was observed to be an overwintering area. Lake Sturgeon were observed to migrate each year, and all Lake Sturgeon migrated at least once in the 3-year study. Lake Sturgeon were observed to undertake significant migrations (>100 km/year) using all three rivers. Migration initiation date was consistent over the 3-year period, whereas migration return date was more variable and may be linked to river flow rate. No significant differences in distance covered between years were identified, but Lake Sturgeon tended to migrate longer distances in years when flow rates were higher. Finally, the spatial extent of Lake Sturgeon in the Saskatchewan River System appears to be larger than that of many previously studied river and lake populations. This study provides important insights into Lake Sturgeon distribution and migration patterns within large prairie rivers, increasing our basic knowledge of this unique fish species in understudied river systems, and provides important information for conservation within their historic range. Received January 16, 2014; accepted August 5, 2014

Published
2014
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38. Home ranges and habitat use of Asiatic black bears in Nagano Prefecture, Japan

Author

Carr, Meghan McBrier

Abstract

Japan may have >20% of the world's Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus), but continuing local extinctions have resulted in an overall decrease of the Japanese subspecies (U. t. japonicus). This decrease is related to loss and fragmentation of habitat and liberal permit systems for depredation kills. Science-based management could mitigate much of the effects of these threats, but decisions usually are made without adequate ecological data. From 1997 to 1999, I studied bear habitat relationships in the central, mountainous region of Honshu, the main island of Japan. Bears were captured with barrel traps and fitted with radiocollars. I collected 1,479 locations and selected 507 locations of 13 bears for analysis. Home ranges averaged 18.7 km2 by the minimum convex polygon method; 10.0 km2 for females and 24.2 km2 for males. The average home range sizes for the 95%, 75%, and 50% contours were 24.2 km2 (SD = 15.1), 20.4 km2 (SD = 7.4), and 8.4 km2 (SD = 3.2), respectively. I used classification and regression tree analysis (CART) to determine the hierarchical structure of bear-habitat associations in a 154-km2 study area. I generated random locations within the study area and compared habitat types with those of bear locations. Bears used oak and planted forests in the montane zone (2 area. Areas with the greatest bear use were usually associated with deciduous forests, of which >95% had oaks as 1 of 2 dominant species. The model associated values for lower habitat quality with cut forests that had poor regeneration. Cut areas that were regenerated through planting often had higher values in the model; these areas may be used for cover or for food resources, such as soft mast. Where bears included low-quality habitat in the core of their home ranges, they also had access to higher quality habitat. The results of this study indicate that different forestry management schemes influence bear habitat use. The most critical management needed to ensure the long-term viability of the Asiatic black bear population in Japan is the protection and promotion of oak-dominated forests in the montane zone.

Published
2001

39. Cornea lymphatics drive the CD8 + T-cell response to herpes simplex virus-1.

Author

Gurung HR, Carr MM, and Carr DJ

Subjects
Animals, Antigens, Viral immunology, Cell Proliferation, Cell Survival, Dendritic Cells metabolism, Fibroblasts pathology, Lymphangiogenesis, Mice, Trigeminal Ganglion pathology, Trigeminal Ganglion virology, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A metabolism, Virus Replication, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Cornea pathology, Herpes Simplex immunology, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human physiology, Lymph Nodes pathology, Lymph Nodes virology
Abstract

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea induces vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-dependent lymphangiogenesis. However, the extent to which HSV-1-induced corneal lymphangiogenesis impacts the adaptive immune response has not been characterized. Here, we used floxed VEGF-A mice to study the importance of newly created corneal lymphatic vessels in the host adaptive immune response to infection. Whereas the mice infected with the parental virus (strain SC16) exhibited robust corneal lymphangiogenesis, mice that received the recombinant virus (SC16 ICP0-Cre) that expresses Cre recombinase under the control of infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), an HSV-1 immediate-early gene, showed a significant reduction in lymphangiogenesis. There was no difference in virus recovered from the cornea of mice infected with SC16 vs SC16 ICP0-Cre. However, viral loads were significantly elevated in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of mice with reduced corneal lymphangiogenesis. The increase in viral titer correlated with a significant loss of HSV-1-specific CD8 + T cells that traffic to the TG of mice infected with the recombinant virus. Intrastromal delivery of size-exclusion dye (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran) revealed a time-dependent defect in the ability of the lymphatic vessels in SC16 ICP0-Cre-infected mice to transport soluble antigen from the cornea to the draining lymph nodes. We interpret these results to suggest that the newly created lymphatic vessels in the cornea driven by HSV-1 infection are critical in the delivery of soluble viral antigen to the draining lymph node and subsequent development of the CD8 + T-cell response to HSV-1., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2017
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